What is an inhaler made of? Nebulizer therapy. When inhaling drugs through a nebulizer, it is necessary to take into account some features

Nebulizer- This is a special device for inhalation, that is, for the entry of medicinal substances into the bronchi and lungs. Any substance introduced into the respiratory tract is absorbed much faster than taken, for example, in tablets. Therefore, inhaling medicines is more effective than taking pills. Especially if the medicine is intended specifically for the respiratory tract.

In order for the medicine to more easily penetrate the respiratory tract, it should be turned into an aerosol - a suspension of small particles in the air. Therapeutic aerosol is created due to certain forces. Such forces can be the flow of air (compressor nebulizers) or ultrasonic vibrations of the membrane (ultrasonic nebulizers).

The word nebulizer comes from the Latin word "nebula" (fog, cloud).

In our clinic, nebulizer therapy is carried out by highly qualified specialists using the latest equipment.

NEBULIZER THERAPY- IT'S MODERN AND SAFE

In the treatment of respiratory diseases, the most effective and modern method is inhalation therapy. Inhalation of drugs through a nebulizer is one of the most reliable and simple methods of treatment.

In order for the drug to enter the respiratory tract more easily, it should be converted to spray can.

Nebulizer- this is a chamber in which the drug solution is sprayed to an aerosol and delivered to the patient's respiratory tract.

Now inhalation therapy has become available for patients of all ages (from infancy to old age). It can be performed during periods of exacerbations of chronic diseases (primarily bronchial asthma), in situations where the patient has a significantly reduced inspiratory rate (young children, postoperative patients, patients with severe somatic diseases) both at home and in the clinic.

Nebulizer therapy has advantages over other types of inhalation:

It can be used any age, since the patient is not required to adjust his breathing to the operation of the device and at the same time perform any actions, for example, press the can, hold the inhaler, etc., which is especially important in young children.
The absence of the need to perform a strong breath allows the use of nebulizer therapy in cases of a severe attack of bronchial asthma, as well as in elderly patients.
Nebulizer therapy allows the use of drugs in effective doses in the absence of side effects.
This therapy provides a continuous and rapid supply of medication with the help of a compressor.
It is the safest method of inhalation therapy, since it does not use propellants (solvents or carrier gases), unlike metered-dose aerosol inhalers.
This is a modern and comfortable method of treating bronchopulmonary diseases in children and adults.

WHAT DISEASES CAN BE TREATED WITH A NEBULIZER?

The drug sprayed by the inhaler begins to act almost immediately, which allows the use of nebulizers, first of all, for the treatment of diseases requiring urgent intervention - asthma, allergies.

Another group of diseases in which inhalation is simply necessary - chronic inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract, such as chronic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic broncho-obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, etc.

But their scope is not limited to this. They are good for healing. ARI, laryngitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, fungal infections of the upper respiratory tract, immune system.

Inhalers help with occupational diseases of singers, teachers, miners, chemists.

IN WHAT CASES IS IT NEEDED NEBULIZER AT HOME:

In a family where a child grows up, prone to frequent colds, bronchitis, for the complex treatment of cough with sputum that is difficult to separate, treatment of stenosis.
Families with patients with chronic or frequently recurrent bronchopulmonary diseases.

WHAT MEDICINES CAN BE USED IN THE NEBULIZER?

For nebulizer therapy, there are special solutions of drugs that are available in vials or plastic containers - nebulae.

The volume of the drug together with the solvent for one inhalation is 2-5 ml.

The calculation of the required amount of medicine depends on the age of the patient. First, 2 ml of saline is poured into the nebulizer, then the required number of drops of the drug is added. Do not use distilled water as a solvent, as it can provoke bronchospasm, which will lead to coughing and difficulty breathing during the procedure.

Pharmacy packaging with medicines is stored in the refrigerator (unless otherwise indicated) in a closed form. After the pharmacy package has been opened, the drug must be used within two weeks. It is advisable to write down the date of commencement of the use of the drug on the vial.

Before use, the medicine must be warmed to room temperature.

For nebulizer therapy can be used:

mucolytics and mucoregulators(drugs for thinning sputum and improving expectoration): Ambrohexal, Lazolvan, Ambrobene, Fluimucil;
bronchodilators(drugs that dilate the bronchi): Berodual, Ventolin, Berotek, Salamol;
glucocorticoids(hormonal preparations with multilateral action, primarily anti-inflammatory and decongestant): Pulmicort (suspension for nebulizers);
cromons(antiallergic drugs, mast cell membrane stabilizers): Cromohexal Nebula;
antibiotics: Fluimucil antibiotic;
alkaline and saline solutions: 0.9% physiological solution, mineral water "Borjomi"

Your doctor should prescribe the drug and tell you about the rules for its use. He must also monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

all solutions containing oils;

suspensions and solutions containing suspended particles, including herbal decoctions and infusions;

as well as solutions of aminophylline, papaverine, platifillin, diphenhydramine and the like, as they do not have application points on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.

WHAT KIND SIDE EFFECTS POSSIBLE WITH NEBULIZER THERAPY?

Deep breathing may cause symptoms hyperventilation(dizziness, nausea, cough). It is necessary to stop inhalation, breathe through the nose and calm down. After the symptoms of hyperventilation disappear, inhalation through the nebulizer can be continued.

During inhalation, as a reaction to the introduction of a spray solution, a cough may occur. In this case, it is also recommended to stop inhalation for a few minutes.

INHALATION METHOD WITH THE HELP OF A NEBULIZER.

Before working with the inhaler, you should (always) wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, because. pathogenic microbes may be present on the skin.
Assemble all parts of the nebulizer according to the instructions. Pour the required amount of the medicinal substance into the nebulizer cup, preheating it to room temperature.
Close the nebulizer and attach the face mask, mouthpiece or nasal cannula.
Connect the nebulizer and compressor with a hose.
Turn on the compressor and carry out inhalation for 7-10 minutes or until the solution is completely consumed.
Turn off the compressor, disconnect the nebulizer and disassemble it.
Rinse all parts of the nebulizer with hot water or a 15% baking soda solution. Brushes and brushes should not be used.
Sterilize the disassembled nebulizer in a steam sterilization device, such as a thermodisinfector (steam sterilizer) designed to process baby bottles. Sterilization by boiling for at least 10 minutes is also possible. Disinfection should be carried out once a week.
A thoroughly cleaned and dried nebulizer should be stored in a clean tissue or towel.

BASIC RULES FOR INHALATIONS

Inhalations are carried out no earlier than 1-1.5 hours after a meal or significant physical activity.
During the course of inhalation treatment, doctors prohibit smoking. In exceptional cases, before and after inhalation, it is recommended to stop smoking for an hour.
Inhalations should be taken in a calm state, without being distracted by reading and talking.
Clothing should not constrain the neck and make it difficult to breathe.
In case of diseases of the nasal passages, inhalation and exhalation must be done through the nose (nasal inhalation), breathe calmly, without tension.
In case of diseases of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, it is recommended to inhale the aerosol through the mouth (oral inhalation), it is necessary to breathe deeply and evenly. After a deep inhalation through the mouth, hold the breath for 2 seconds, and then exhale completely through the nose; in this case, the aerosol from the oral cavity enters further into the pharynx, larynx and further into the deeper sections of the respiratory tract.
Frequent deep breathing can cause dizziness, so it is necessary to interrupt inhalation for a short time from time to time.
Before the procedure, you do not need to take expectorants, rinse your mouth with antiseptic solutions (potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, boric acid).
After any inhalation, and especially after inhalation of a hormonal drug, it is necessary to rinse the mouth with boiled water at room temperature (a small child can be given food and drink), if using a mask, rinse the eyes and face with water.
The duration of one inhalation should not exceed 7-10 minutes. The course of treatment with aerosol inhalations is from 6-8 to 15 procedures.

WHAT ARE TYPES OF NEBULIZERS?

Currently, there are three main types of inhalers used in medical practice: steam, ultrasonic and compressor.

Action steam inhalers is based on the effect of evaporation of the medicinal substance. It is clear that only volatile solutions (essential oils) can be used in them. The biggest disadvantage of steam inhalers is the low concentration of the inhaled substance, as a rule, is less than the threshold of therapeutic effect, as well as the impossibility of accurately dosing the drug at home.

Ultrasonic and compressor united by the term "nebulizers" (from the Latin word "nebula" - fog, cloud), they do not generate vapors, but an aerosol cloud consisting of microparticles of an inhaled solution. The nebulizer allows you to enter into all respiratory organs (nose, bronchi, lungs) drugs in their pure form, without any impurities. The size of the aerosol particles produced by most nebulizers ranges from 0.5 to 10 microns. Particles with a diameter of 8-10 microns settle in the oral cavity and trachea, with a diameter of 5 to 8 microns - in the trachea and upper respiratory tract, from 3 to 5 microns - in the lower respiratory tract, from 1 to 3 microns - in bronchioles, from 0, 5 to 2 microns - in the alveoli. Particles smaller than 5 microns are called the "respirable fraction" and have the maximum therapeutic effect.

Ultrasonic nebulizers spray the solution with high-frequency (ultrasonic) vibrations of the membrane. They are compact, silent, do not require replacement of nebulization chambers. The percentage of aerosol that enters the respiratory mucosa exceeds 90%, and the average size of aerosol particles is 4-5 microns. Due to this, the required drug, in the form of an aerosol, reaches the small bronchi and bronchioles in high concentration.

Choice ultrasonic nebulizers is more preferable in cases where the area of effect of the drug is the small bronchi, and the drug is in the form of a saline solution. However, a number of drugs, such as antibiotics, hormonal drugs, mucolytic (thinning sputum), can be destroyed by ultrasound. These drugs are not recommended for use in ultrasonic nebulizers.

Compressor nebulizers form an aerosol cloud by forcing through a narrow hole in the chamber containing the treatment solution, a powerful air flow pumped by the compressor. The principle of using compressed air in compressor nebulizers is the "gold standard" of inhalation therapy. Main advantage compressor nebulizers- their versatility and relative cheapness, they are more accessible and can spray almost any solution intended for inhalation.

Compressor nebulizers have several types of cameras:

· convection chambers with a constant exit of an aerosol;

breath-activated chambers

Breath-activated chambers with valve flow interrupter.

When inhaling drugs through a nebulizer, it is necessary to take into account some features:

The optimal filling volume of the nebulizer chamber is at least 5 ml;

To reduce the loss of the drug at the end of inhalation, 1 ml of saline can be added to the chamber, after which, shaking the nebulizer chamber, continue inhalation;

· When using inexpensive and affordable drugs, all types of nebulizers can be used, but when using more expensive drugs, the most effective inhalation therapy is provided by nebulizers activated by the patient's inhalation and equipped with a flow interrupter valve during the exhalation phase. These devices are especially effective in the treatment of broncho-pulmonary diseases.

HOW TO CHOOSE A NEBULIZER?

During treatment with a nebulizer, the drug is delivered to the respiratory tract. It is this treatment that is intended for those whose disease has affected the respiratory tract (rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.). In addition, sometimes the respiratory mucosa is used to administer drugs to the human body. The surface of the bronchial tree is very large, and many drugs, such as insulin, are actively absorbed through it.

The choice of inhaler depends on the disease you are going to treat and on your financial capabilities.

In Russia, manufacturers of nebulizers from Germany, Japan, and Italy represent their products on the medical equipment market. Unfortunately, there are no domestic manufacturers of compressor nebulizers yet. Detailed information about the technical characteristics of certain types of nebulizers can be obtained from Russian companies selling them. When choosing a nebulizer, the requirements for atomizer and compressor are taken into account. For a compressor, size, weight, noise during operation, ease of use are important. In all these parameters, they differ slightly. But it should be noted that PARI GmbH (Germany) nebulizers are distinguished by traditionally high German quality, exceptional efficiency and long service life. They provide maximum deposition of medicines in the respiratory tract due to the optimal dispersion of the aerosol.

Perhaps the main attention should be paid to the type of atomizer. Nebulizers equipped with direct flow sprayer it makes sense to use in young children, as they have insufficient inspiratory force, which would allow the valves to activate (and thus save medicine). For inhalation for children under 3 years old, it is advisable to use a children's mask. Adults can also use this type of atomizer, because. it is originally equipped with a mouthpiece.

Sprayers, controlled by breath Inspiratory-activated valves have inspiratory and expiratory valves that alternately activate during the act of breathing. When they are used on exhalation, less aerosol is formed, there is a significant savings in the drug.

There are also nebulizers that have a nebulizer equipped with tee tube (aerosol flow interrupter), which allows you to control the formation of aerosol only on inspiration by blocking the side opening of the tee.

Various types of nozzles are used with the nebulizer: mouthpieces, nasal cannulas (tubes), masks of adult and children's sizes.

Mouthpieces(adults and children) are optimal for delivering drugs deep into the lungs, used for inhalation by adult patients, as well as children from 5 years old.
masks convenient for the treatment of the upper respiratory tract and allow you to irrigate all parts of the nasal cavity, pharynx, as well as the larynx and trachea. When using a mask, most of the aerosols settle in the upper respiratory tract. Masks are needed when using nebulizer therapy in children under 3 years of age, since it is impossible to carry out inhalation in such patients through a mouthpiece - children breathe mainly through the nose (this is due to the anatomy of the child's body). An appropriately sized mask must be used. The use of a tight-fitting mask reduces aerosol loss in young children. If the child is older than 5 years, it is better to use a mouthpiece than a mask.
Nasal cannulas (tubes) needed to deliver drug aerosol into the nasal cavity. They can be used in the complex treatment of acute and chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis.

Kartashova N.K.

Allowance for patients. You can learn about what a nebulizer is, what diseases can be treated with it, how to perform inhalation correctly, how to choose a nebulizer and much more about the modern method of inhalation therapy from this article.

In our clinic, nebulizer therapy is carried out on modern equipment under the supervision of experienced doctors.

In this article, we will introduce you to the types of nebulizers, note their pros and cons - this will allow you to get rid of mistakes when choosing one or another device just for you.

The name of this medical device comes from the Latin word nebula, i.e. "fog". Despite the fact that nebulizers first appeared in our home relatively recently, the device was created at the end of the 19th century. It was a glass vessel with tubes, in which steam was formed due to the heating of the solution. It wasn't until 1938 that the first bottled manual inhaler appeared, resembling a perfume sprayer. Further, nebulizer models were improved, and individual metered dose inhalers were invented to be able to use them at home.

Modern tactics are aimed at the maximum use of inhalation methods of drug administration. Nebulizers make it possible to deliver various pharmacological preparations directly to the patient's lungs. They convert a liquid drug into an aerosol and at the same time fully retain its properties. This finely dispersed cloud is delivered to the respiratory tract almost without loss and has a therapeutic effect almost immediately - the patient feels relief immediately after inhaling the medicine.

What are nebulizers for home use?

In order not to make a mistake and choose the right nebulizer for home use, you need to familiarize yourself with the types of these devices and study their differences and technical characteristics. You should not purchase such a device on the recommendation of friends, because each person is individual.

Today, consumers are offered three types of models:

compressor nebulizers - create an aerosol cloud using a compressor that delivers a powerful stream of air through a narrow opening of the treatment solution chamber, are the most common and can spray almost all drugs;
ultrasonic nebulizers - create an aerosol cloud by exposing a drug solution to a high-frequency ultrasonic stream, but they can destroy some drugs (mucolytics, hormonal agents, antibiotics) and are suitable for spraying only some medical solutions;
electronic mesh (or mesh) nebulizers - create an aerosol cloud using a vibrating membrane (plate) with multiple tiny holes through which the medicinal solution is passed, the structure of the substances is not violated and there are no restrictions on use.

Pros and cons of different types of nebulizers

The compression nebulizer is an effective and affordable device.

Compressor nebulizers are able to break medicinal substances into tiny particles (up to 0.5 microns) and deliver them to the most remote and inaccessible parts of the respiratory system, making the treatment as effective as possible. They can be used to spray any therapeutic solutions and are suitable for patients suffering from frequent bronchitis, bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma. These devices are easy to use and can be easily used at home.
The disadvantages of compressor nebulizers include: large size and high noise level during operation of the device, the ability to perform inhalation only in a vertical position.

Ultrasonic nebulizers have a good therapeutic effect on colds and can treat the entire surface of the respiratory system during a session (10–15 minutes). Devices can be used in different positions of the body. They are convenient to use, there are battery-operated models for traveling, they do not create much noise and can be used for inhalation for both children and adults.

The most significant minus of ultrasonic nebulizers is that ultrasound can destroy many medicinal substances and make them ineffective. For inhalation, saline solutions, decoctions of medicinal herbs or essential oils can be used, but the use of solutions of antibiotics, mucolytic and hormonal agents is completely excluded. Also for these devices it is necessary to buy special cups for medicines, which creates additional costs.

Electronic mesh nebulizers combined all the best qualities of the two types of devices described above. They can be used to spray any therapeutic solutions without restrictions, are absolutely silent and are suitable for inhalation in any position of the body (even while sleeping). Inhalation can be performed at any angle of the nebulizer chamber, which makes these devices indispensable for the treatment of infants and bedridden patients. Special nozzles for them allow the device to be used for inhalation by both a child and an adult. Mesh nebulizers are recommended by most physicians and are considered the most versatile and most effective.

The only disadvantage of the electronic mesh nebulizer is its relatively high price.

Medication tank capacity

All models of nebulizers have a special reservoir for the medicinal solution. It should have a maximum volume and contain the amount of solution that is necessary to perform one inhalation, since its interruption is not only inconvenient, but can also reduce the effectiveness of the procedure. When buying a nebulizer, it is important to pay attention to this parameter of the device.

In ultrasonic and compressor nebulizers, after the procedure is completed, the so-called residual volume remains (the remainder of the drug solution that has not turned into an aerosol). For a more complete dose of the drug, it is recommended to bring the volume of saline to the maximum so that most of the drug is transformed into an aerosol cloud and has a therapeutic effect. The residual volume is not formed in electronic mesh nebulizers - that is why the choice of such models is most appropriate.

When buying a nebulizer model, be sure to pay attention to such a parameter as “aerosol performance”. The higher this parameter, the less time will need to be spent on inhalation. It is especially important to consider this indicator of the device when buying a nebulizer for a child, since the difference in the duration of the procedure (10 or 20 minutes) is very significant for them.

How to choose the right nebulizer for an infant?

Inhalations using a nebulizer are painless and effective, so this type of treatment is widely used in pediatric practice.

Before buying a nebulizer for a child, be sure to consult with your pediatrician. Despite the fact that today a fairly wide range of inhalers for infants is produced and these devices are safe and easy to use, it will not be superfluous to consult a doctor who is well acquainted with the individual characteristics of the child.

Indications for the use of a nebulizer for children:

prevention or treatment of bronchitis, tracheitis, tuberculosis;
elimination of symptoms - dry painful cough, dryness in the throat, removal of sputum;
activation of blood flow for faster recovery;
nervous diseases - asthenia, depression, insomnia, etc.;
endocrine diseases - obesity, diabetes mellitus.

The baby nebulizer kit includes the following accessories:

special ;
breathing mask;
mouthpiece.

The package of ultrasonic and compression devices includes nozzles for the whole family. When choosing a nebulizer model for an infant, be sure to make sure that the nosepiece and breathing mask are made of soft material.

To facilitate the use of today, nebulizers are produced in the form of toys that can make the treatment process exciting and interesting for the child. A fun game (for example, with a steam inhaler or a cow) will be an ideal therapy for children with certain types of allergies, bronchitis or bronchial asthma.

The best reviews among nebulizers for children have earned completely silent electronic mesh models in a conventional design. They can be used even while the child is sleeping (for example, if he does not want to carry out inhalation).

What should be kept in mind when buying a nebulizer?

Before buying a nebulizer, remember:

To warm the respiratory tract, it is necessary to purchase a steam ultrasonic inhaler.
Nebulizers are needed to deliver the drug to specific areas of the respiratory system. Before buying them, you need to decide which part of the respiratory system needs to be treated. For the treatment of the most remote areas, nebulizers are needed that are able to break down the drug solution into the smallest particles (for example, ultrasonic or mesh).
The easiest to use is a compressor nebulizer.
The most versatile is the electronic mesh nebulizer.
The standard inhalation time should be about 15 minutes. When buying a device, it is necessary to take into account the capacity of the drug solution reservoir - it should be sufficient so that there is no need to interrupt the procedure to refill it.
When choosing a nebulizer for use while traveling, you must choose a battery-powered model.
Each device must be accompanied by a document confirming its certification and testing according to the European Standards for Nebulizer Therapy (prEN13544-1).

Our article will help you not to get confused among the wide range of nebulizers and choose the device that is right for you and your family. Effective inhalations will become faithful assistants in a quick fight against many diseases of the respiratory system and will speed up recovery.

Pediatrician E. O. Komarovsky talks about how to choose the right inhaler:

The specialist talks about how to choose and use a nebulizer correctly:

During the treatment of the respiratory system, doctors very often recommend the use of inhalations. With bronchial asthma, this procedure is simply vital.

To date, it is no longer relevant to perform inhalations using a saucepan with a decoction and a blanket, since there is a special device that will make this process easy and easy even for a newborn baby - this is a nebulizer. What kind of device is this and how to choose a nebulizer, consider below.

What is a nebulizer?

The name of this device speaks for itself: "nebula" - translates as a cloud or fog. A nebulizer is a device that turns mineral water or medication into a kind of mist that is inhaled using a mouthpiece or mask. This is the principle of operation of this device. This is how drugs can get into the most remote parts of the respiratory organs. A nebulizer is an inhaler, but it works much more effectively than inhalation procedures. And the process itself is not so troublesome.

When should you use a nebulizer?

The use of a nebulizer is, first of all, to help yourself during the treatment of such diseases:

Cystic fibrosis, emphysema.
Pneumonia and chronic lung disease.
ARI of the upper respiratory tract.
Bronchial asthma.
Chronic bronchitis.
Tuberculosis of the bronchi and lungs.
As a prevention of various complications after surgery on the respiratory tract.

Contraindications for use

It is imperative to pay attention to contraindications to the use of a nebulizer, and there are also:

Violations in the work of the heart.
Bleeding in the lungs.
Allergic reaction to the medications used in the nebulizer.
Against the background of bullous emphysema, spontaneous pneumothorax occurs.

Be careful, using a nebulizer is to help the body, not harm it. If this device is used correctly, then a positive result will not take long to wait.

Nebulizers today are portable and stationary used in medical institutions. These devices have differences in the principle of converting the drug into steam.

They can be:

Membrane or electronic mesh.
Ultrasonic.
Compressor.

Advantages and disadvantages

Compressor nebulizer Also called jet. The principle of operation is as follows: the drug is converted into vapor due to the passage of an air stream under high pressure through it.

Compressor nebulizers can also be of several types:

Dosimetric nebulizers.
Adjustable devices that have an inhale key.
Compressor devices with a constant spray rate of the drug.
Automatically, which are activated by breathing.

Disadvantages of a compressor nebulizer:

It cannot be used without being connected to the mains, and, accordingly, it is impossible to take it on the road with you.
During operation, it makes a lot of noise, which can cause inconvenience.

It should also be noted Benefits:

Not a very big cost.
You can use antibiotics, hormonal drugs, mineral water.
The particle size of the spray agent can be adjusted.

Ultrasonic nebulizers are more advanced. These devices convert the drug into vapor using ultrasonic vibrations.

Main advantages:

Can be applied in any position.
You don't need to adjust your breathing.
Doesn't make much noise.
The drug passes even into the alveoli.
Can be used to treat children up to one year.
Relatively low price.

Cons of ultrasonic nebulizers:

There is no way to adjust the size of the sprayed substances.
Not all drugs can be used.

Mesh nebulizers or membrane nebulizers. The principle of operation of these devices is as follows: the drug passes through the mesh membrane using ultrasound at a frequency of 185 kHz.

Main advantages of membrane nebulizers:

The possibility of using any drug.
No noise.
Lots of baits.
Works both from the mains and on batteries.

There is probably only one drawback: great cost.

If you buy a nebulizer yourself, then you need to carefully study the instructions. Since you need to know which drugs can be used and which are prohibited. Let's look at it below.

What drugs can be used in a nebulizer?

To perform nebulizer treatment, it is allowed to use only drugs specially designed for this. Before use, they must be warmed to room temperature. You can also use high-quality mineral water, such as Narzan or Borjomi. Before using mineral water, it is necessary that there is no carbon dioxide in it, therefore, after opening the bottle, it is necessary to release it.

First of all, bronchodilators are used in nebulizers. These are such as "Salbutamol", "Atrovent", "Berodual", "Berotek".

These solutions can be used in nebulizers of any kind. Antibiotics, antiseptics and hormonal agents can only be used in mesh nebulizers and compressor inhalers. Among them, as a rule, apply:

"Dioxidin", "Tobramycin", "Fluimucil", "Furacilin".
"Pulmicort" is a hormonal remedy.

Also, immunomodulating, mucolytics and many other drugs are used only in membrane and compressor nebulizers. Here is a short list:

"Pulmozim".
"Lazolvan".
"Lidocaine".
"Interferon leukocyte".
"Kromoheksal".

It should be noted that products such as saline and mineral water are suitable for use in any type of nebulizer.

What can not be used in nebulizers?

Anyway, without consulting a doctor, you can not use any medicinal solution for treatment with a nebulizer. The use of physiological saline or mineral water is allowed. What absolutely can not be used in nebulizers:

Preparations containing essential oils. For the respiratory system, this treatment is dangerous. It can also cause the nebulizer to fail.
Drugs that do not affect the mucous membrane: Diphenhydramine, Papaverine, Eufillin, etc.
Do not use products that are not intended for nebulizer treatment. It is forbidden to use syrups, as well as crushed tablets.
Prepared homemade infusions and decoctions. It is impossible to adjust the dosage of the drug contained in the tincture or decoction. This may damage the device.

How to choose the right nebulizer?

When choosing a nebulizer, it is important to know for what diseases you will need inhalation. The compressor apparatus is considered universal. With its advantages and disadvantages, we met earlier. If this device suits you, then you need to clarify it some characteristics:

Performance.
Maximum run time.
Methods for processing medicinal preparations.
Type of chamber for inhalation.

More detailed characteristics about the operation of the compressor nebulizer are in the technical data sheet, in which you can find out about the possible size of the sprayed particles, the volume of the drug, etc. You can ask your doctor about what else you need to know at the time of purchase.

It should also be noted that if a nebulizer is needed for the treatment of chronic lung diseases or bronchial asthma, then the purchase of an ultrasound device should not be considered. Its advantages and disadvantages have been discussed above. Even during the selection, it is necessary to focus on the type, noise level and size of the device. The manufacturer also matters.

How to choose a nebulizer for children?

Often our children catch a cold, and a lot of kids suffer from asthma attacks. In these cases, the nebulizer is just a salvation. This device will help relieve the attack and make it easier for the child to breathe. How to choose the right nebulizer for children?

Pick up a nebulizer in the form of a toy to interest the child.
It is best to opt for a silent and compact model.
It is quite convenient to use small mesh nebulizers, especially for relieving asthma attacks if the baby is out of the house or in bed.
When a child is exposed to frequent colds, it is best to opt for an ultrasonic nebulizer.

Preferably before purchasing consult a doctor what type of nebulizer is required in your case.

In order for the nebulizer to last for a long time, you need apply it correctly:

Dissolve drugs only saline, it is forbidden to use unboiled water.
If you use a mask, it must fit close to the face Otherwise, inhalation loses its effectiveness.
To perform nebulizer treatment, you need to use only those products that are recommended for this model.
During the procedure, you need breathe deeply and slowly.
Fill the device immediately before inhalation, for which use only sterile needles and syringes.

After performing nebulizer treatment, the device must be washed well. The usual washing consists in soaking all parts of the apparatus in a soapy solution, then you need to pour boiling water over them, rinse and dry them in the open air. Do not forget that only those parts that are subject to boiling can be boiled.

The main parts that must not be boiled can be disinfected with a special solution: chloramine solution, Septodor solution or hydrogen peroxide. Do not forget to remove the remnants of these substances.

Follow these simple rules, and your nebulizer will serve you for a very long time. Be sure to read the instructions for the device you are going to use.

To understand what a nebulizer is and how it looks, it is not necessary to delve deeply into the operation of the device. Typically, the device is a plastic case with a tube, at the end of which is a mask or mouthpiece for inhaling drugs. There are nebulizers with adjustable particle size.

Manufacturers also offer devices in the form of animals to interest children and carry out the procedure in a playful way.

Nebulizer: how it works

A nebulizer is a device used in the treatment of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. With its help, quick help is provided for allergic and inflammatory processes, partial obstruction (obstruction) of the respiratory tract.

The principle of operation of the nebulizer is the transformation of the drug solution into a fine aerosol that penetrates into the smallest bronchi and alveoli.

Perhaps you would like to have such a useful device at home, and then the question arises of how to choose the right nebulizer. To answer it, you need to know the types of devices and the rules of use, as well as for whom the purchase is intended. The cost of technology also plays an important role.

Varieties

There are 3 main types of these devices. They differ in the way liquid is converted to vapor.

What are nebulizers?

Ultrasonic - breaks down drugs under the action of ultrasound. Its positive aspects are silent operation and small size. The main disadvantage is the destruction during the work of many medicinal substances (antibiotics, mucolytics, hormones).

A compression nebulizer generates an aerosol by passing pressurized air through a solution. Its advantages include the ability to control the size of evaporated particles, a wide range of drugs approved for use, and a relatively low cost. Disadvantages: noisy and work only from the mains.

The electronic mesh nebulizer vaporizes using a special membrane. Pros: inhalation with any medication, noiselessness, the ability to work on batteries. Minus one - the price is higher than for other types of devices. For the purchase of an electronic mesh device, you need to prepare at least 5,000 rubles, while prices for an ultrasonic device start at 3,000 rubles, and compression ones start at 2,500 rubles.

Regardless of how the nebulizer works, inhalations with its help have a strong positive effect on many diseases of the bronchi and lungs.

Inhalers are also used to treat respiratory diseases. They are quite easy to use and inexpensive. If you look broadly, then the nebulizer is a subspecies of the inhaler.

The differences between an inhaler and a nebulizer are expressed in the size of the evaporated vapor particles and the degree of their penetration into the human body. The nebulizer has fewer particles. And they are more convenient to deliver to the lower parts of the respiratory tract. For details on the difference between these two types of apparatus, see.

But always remember that these two devices do not have fundamental differences.

Basic rules for using a nebulizer

Knowledge of how to properly inhale with a nebulizer allows you to provide quick assistance with infections of the respiratory organs, chronic respiratory diseases.

In addition to knowing the types of nebulizers, you need to understand the principles of inhalation, how to breathe with a nebulizer correctly. The result of the procedure directly depends on compliance with the following rules:

Inhalations are not carried out immediately after a meal, before a meal, or before or after intense physical work.
The first time you work with the device, you must start by reading the instructions.
The procedure is carried out in a calm, measured atmosphere, without being distracted by conversations, watching television, reading.
When it is carried out, take deep, calm breaths through the mouth, exhaling through the nose.
In diseases of the lower respiratory tract, it is better to inhale through the mouth through a special mouthpiece, and exhale through the nose.
The number, frequency and duration of inhalations is determined solely by the attending physician, self-medication is inappropriate and dangerous.
Use only drugs approved and prescribed by the doctor; check that they are approved for use in your device (manufacturer's instructions).
The preparation of the medicinal solution should be done immediately before the manipulation, using a sterile syringe and saline.
Do not leave children unattended during the procedure.
Do not leave the device running without solution.

Compliance with these measures, and understanding how to use a nebulizer, will help get rid of the symptoms of the disease and quickly return to a healthy life.

Knowing how to choose a nebulizer for home use, anyone can receive prescribed treatment at home and take preventive measures on their own. The presence of a nebulizer is of particular importance in families with small children.

Previously, when medicine was not developed so much, diseases were mainly treated with folk remedies. With a headache, they drank an herbal decoction, and with a cough, they breathed steam from potatoes in a saucepan. Now, these methods are a thing of the past, and folk methods have been replaced by new drugs and devices for the treatment of diseases. For example, a nebulizer is an inhaler that turns drugs into a "fog" for inhalation therapy.

The nebulizer is used in the treatment of dry cough, runny nose and other diseases. Such devices are divided into types that differ in functionality, principle of operation, ease of use and cost. Each type of nebulizer has a number of advantages and disadvantages, as well as indications and contraindications. In addition, some companies produce nebulizers for children that resemble entertainment toys. Consider the types, instructions, advantages and disadvantages of nebulizers, as well as other factors that concern them.

Types of nebulizers

Nebulizers differ from each other in cost, type, as well as a complete set of masks, mouthpieces, sprayers and nozzles. According to the principle of operation, the devices are divided into ultrasonic and compressor. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

This type of nebulizer, with the help of ultrasonic vibrations, “rocks” the medical preparation, turning the medicine into an aerosol. This type of inhaler is the most effective. The advantages of an ultrasonic nebulizer include silent operation and compact dimensions.

In the box with the ultrasonic nebulizer there are batteries that will allow you to use the device on the road. This type of inhaler is suitable for children as it is easy to use and safe.

Ultrasonic inhalers also have disadvantages. Antibiotics, hormones and expectorants cannot be used in such nebulizers, as ultrasound destroys the active ingredient of the drug.

With the help of such a device, it is allowed to perform inhalations with decoctions of herbs, essential oils, mineral soda and alkaline preparations. However, it is worth considering that not all ultrasonic inhalers allow the use of essential oils and herbal decoctions; in many models this is prohibited. Therefore, before using the inhaler, carefully read the instructions, as each device is individually based on its own technology.

To use this type of inhaler, you have to use other additional accessories, for example, gels or containers for medications, which is also a disadvantage.

Based on these features, the ultrasonic nebulizer cannot be called a universal device. But parents speak positively about this type of inhaler. The fact is that the silent operation of the inhaler allows you to use the nebulizer while the child is sleeping or in a playful way.

The average duration of the inhalation procedure with this type of nebulizer is 15 minutes, during which aerosol microparticles are sprayed over the inflamed area of the respiratory tract. The consumption of the drug is 1 ml per minute when it contains 0.5 ml of the drug.

Such a device is often called an inkjet. The compressor nebulizer is similar to ultrasonic competitors in terms of performance. It differs from ultrasonic models in its large size and weight, in addition, it is noisier in operation, since the device is based on a compressor that creates an air flow.

But this type of inhaler does not require the use of additional accessories for procedures, it is convenient to use at home, and reliable. However, nozzles and other components need to be replaced after several years of operation.

The advantages of a compressor nebulizer are a relatively affordable price and the ability to use it with various types of drugs that do not lose their properties during inhalation.

Such an inhaler easily turns almost all types of drugs into an aerosol without disturbing the structure of the drug. Of all types of nebulizers, compression models are optimal for use in children. Doctors allow the use of such a device for babies up to one year old with almost no restrictions.

How does a compression nebulizer work? It creates an aerosol that is able to penetrate into distant parts of the respiratory tract and bronchi. Depending on the rate of inhalation, the rate of formation of "fog" increases. This allows you to activate the compression inhaler with a breath.

Inhalations using a compression nebulizer are prescribed for the relief of attacks of bronchial asthma, allergic cough and the treatment of inflammation of the bronchopulmonary system. Popular models of compression inhalers include Dolphin and Omron.

Instructions for use

Before using the inhaler for adults or children, you should study the instructions in detail in order to avoid mistakes that will lead to damage to the device or reduce efficiency. The methods of using different models and types of nebulizers are different, but there are common features.

The medicine should be poured into the container of the device, which is previously dissolved in saline. To perform one procedure, 3-6 milliliters are needed. It is important to remember that only saline solution should be used to dilute the drug, and not boiled or distilled water. Do not use a pre-crushed tablet mixed with saline. The nebulizer uses only preparations-solutions that are sold in pharmacies in finished form.

After that, the nebulizer is closed, and a mask or mouthpiece is connected to the outlet valve. Then the device is turned on, and the inhalation process is carried out for 5-20 minutes, until the filled medicine stops turning into an aerosol. Breathing during the procedure should be calm, so as not to provoke an attack of coughing with increased inhalation.

Upon completion of the procedure, the device is turned off, disconnected from the compressor. Components that have come into contact with the drug and the oral cavity should be thoroughly rinsed in hot water using a disinfectant solution. After washing, the parts are thoroughly rinsed and dried with a cloth, towel or hair dryer.

Note: after inhalation, 1 milliliter of unprocessed drug solution will always remain in the nebulizer.

Indications and contraindications

It is widely believed that almost all medicines that are designed to treat inflammation and allergies are allowed to be used in nebulizers. Theoretically, this is true, but in practice there are specific limitations.

This is due to the fact that not all drugs can fully penetrate the respiratory tract. The mucous membrane of the bronchi and alveoli is rich in capillaries, through which a fine aerosol penetrates into the blood.

By the way, this factor suggests that one should not deliberately turn the medicine into a fine aerosol, because. in this case, it does not reach the walls of the bronchi, but enters the bloodstream through the alveoli, due to which the effectiveness of the aerosol drug is reduced to zero.

It is allowed to use herbs in nebulizers, but, according to reviews, a severe allergic reaction may occur. After all, do not forget that herbs, including medicinal ones, are a strong allergen. Therefore, when using herbal preparations, you should be careful not to harm the patient's body.

Also in the instructions they write that essential oils are allowed to be used in nebulizers. This type of drug will be effective in the common cold for the treatment of the nasopharynx. However, in case of lung disease, this will harm the alveoli and will not bring any benefit.

"Dimedrol", "Eufillin", "Platifillin", "Papaverine", because they do not show a local effect;
solutions with essential oils that damage the membrane of mesh nebulizers and are only useful for the treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx;
herbal tinctures, decoctions and infusions - due to the risk of overdose and clogging of the nebulizer passages;
hormones "Hydrocortisone", "Prednisolone", "Dexazon", which do not have sufficient local action.

In addition to prohibited drugs, there is also a list of those drugs that are acceptable for inhalation using a nebulizer. For example, in such devices it is recommended to use saline and preheated and degassed mineral waters such as Borjomi, Esentuki, Narzan.

Ready-made preparations for inhalation are sold in pharmacies and are called nebules. Nebulizer medications include the following medications:

antiseptics - "Dioxidin", "Furacilin";
anesthetics - "Lidocaine";
antibiotics - "Gentamicin", "Fluimucil", "Tobramycin";
bronchodilators - "Atrovent", "Astalin", "Berotek", "Ventolin", "Magnesium sulfate", "Salbutamol", "Salgim", "Salamol", "Fenoterol";
hormonal drugs - "Pulmicort", "Budesonide", "Kromoheksal";
immunomodulating agents - "Dry leukocyte interferon";
mucolytics - Ambroxol, Ambrohexal, Lazolvan, Pulmozim, Acetylcysteine, Fluimucil,
hypertonic solution; phytotherapy - "Rotokan";
combined preparations - "Fenoterol", "Berodual" for inhalation.

This list of recommended drugs is enough for drug therapy to effectively overcome the disease. But do not forget that self-medication is harmful to health. Only the doctor determines the appropriate course of therapy. In no case should you experiment with the choice of drugs.

How to choose

Before buying a nebulizer, it is worth determining the tasks that are planned to be assigned to the device, as well as taking into account the intensity of use. Before buying an inhaler, it is recommended to consult with your doctor, who will give specific instructions and outline the nuances that you should pay attention to when choosing a device.

The main characteristics of the inhaler, which are worth paying attention to, include:

Spray particle size- a parameter indicating how small or large the "fog" particles will be.

8-10 microns - oral cavity;
5-8 microns - upper respiratory tract: nasopharynx, larynx;
3-5 microns - trachea and bronchi;
1-3 microns - bronchioles;
0.5-2 microns - alveoli.

Inhalation procedure time- the period of time during which the liquid is processed into an aerosol and reaches the patient's lungs.
Consumption- Normally, this is about 0.3-0.5 ml of medication for 30 seconds.
The volume of the reservoir for the drug- the number of milliliters of medicine that the nebulizer can process in one procedure. On average, this value is 5-7 ml.

When buying, also pay attention to the equipment of the device. If the nebulizer is purchased for a child, check the availability of a mask in the kit. If frequent use of the device is foreseen, pay attention to the duration of operation and the durability of the nebulizer design.