What medicines for a child with poisoning. How to treat food poisoning in a child. Poisoning from household and industrial chemicals

Food poisoning (toxic infection) is an acute toxic or infectious lesion of the body that occurs after eating poor-quality products. It is characterized by a complex of pathological symptoms (diarrhea, intoxication, vomiting, dehydration).

Children are exposed to poisoning more often than adults. The child's body is not yet strong, so it can hardly resist external "aggressors" that cause intoxication. In addition, children, in the absence of adult control, rarely adhere to the rules of hygiene, especially at a younger age.

The reasons

A low-quality product is a common food product that has become dangerous to eat due to certain reasons.

It can be:

The expiration of the juice of shelf life, when the processes of decomposition and decay occur in food, dangerous toxins accumulate in it.
Ingress of bacterial toxins into a fresh product (for example, if the cream preparation technology is violated).
Contamination of food with pathogens (unwashed fruits, egg shells).

Food poisoning in a child caused by poor-quality products is classified as infectious.

Foods that are most likely to poison children:

exotic vegetables and fruits;
kernels of peaches and apricots (they contain hydrocyanic acid);
mushrooms;
smoked meats;
canned food;
eggs;
milk;
cream confectionery.

Bacteria multiply in places of non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards (where food is stored, prepared or sold). Poisoning can be both single and massive. Typically, outbreaks of food poisoning occur in the summer and early autumn. During this period, the most beneficial conditions for the activation of pathogenic bacteria.

In addition to food poisoning, children can be poisoned by poisonous plants, medicines, chemical poisons that have fallen into food. These are non-infectious poisonings.

Features of toxic infection in children

The child's body is not yet sufficiently formed. Therefore, his organs and systems react to food poisoning more severely than in adults. The same product can cause only a slight upset in an adult, and severe intoxication in a child.

Why do children have a hard time with poisoning? The reasons:

The system of enzymes that bind and remove toxins is not formed in the liver.
The acidity of the gastric secretion is lowered, which reduces the barrier to the path of pathogenic organisms.
The normal protective intestinal microflora is not formed (children often suffer from dysbacteriosis).
The kidneys have a low filtration capacity.

All these features contribute to the fact that children are exposed to poisoning more often, and they are more severe than in adults. The first symptoms that signal poisoning should be the reason for going to the doctor.

Clinical manifestations

The course of poisoning in a child's body goes through several stages. Classification of food poisoning:

Asymptomatic course

This is the time from the penetration of low-quality food into the body to the first visible symptoms of poisoning. This period can last from 30 minutes to 1 day. It all depends on the amount of food consumed, the age of the baby and his health, the type of pathogen. The child may not be bothered by anything, but appears:

feeling of weakness;
malaise;
increased sweating.

Toxigenic period

After the penetration of a certain amount of toxin into the blood, the first symptoms of poisoning appear. The duration of the toxicogenic stage depends on how the body reacts to the poison, and on the timely assistance provided to the child. Usually it is 5-6 days.

Food poisoning symptoms:

damage to the intestinal mucosa and stomach;
intoxication;
dehydration;
nausea;
drowsiness;
refusal to eat;
temperature rise;
severe pain in the abdomen.

Note! To quickly remove toxins, a protective reaction occurs in the body in the form of diarrhea and vomiting. If vomiting continues more than 3 times, it is urgent to restore the water and electrolyte balance.

When you lose fluid, symptoms of dehydration appear:

dry skin;
pallor;
sharpness of facial features;
convulsions;
pressure drop;
acidosis.

Stage of convalescence

Restoration of body functions that were impaired due to exposure to a poisonous substance. In general, the symptoms of poisoning subside after 1-3 days. For some time, there is a lack of appetite, pain in the stomach, disturbed stools.

First aid for a child at home

Self-medication of a child under 1 year is not allowed. Children under 3 years of age must be hospitalized. They can not wash the stomach at home, first of all you need to call an ambulance.

Urgent measures at the first signs of toxic infection:

Give your child complete peace of mind.
Before the arrival of the ambulance, lay him on his side, make sure that the vomit does not enter the respiratory tract.
Do not give any food until the vomiting disappears.
Rinse the stomach, giving the child a drink (1 liter of warm water, you can add 1 teaspoon of soda). It is impossible to wash the stomach in this way for children under 5 years old!
After drinking, induce vomiting by pressing a finger on the root of the tongue.
Give the child a sorbent (Smecta, Enterosgel)

Treatment at home

At home, you can fight poisoning only in case of mild intoxication in children older than 3 years.

Fighting dehydration

To make up for the loss of fluid that comes out with toxins, electrolyte solutions (Rehydron) can be given to the child. Give 1-2 spoons every 10 minutes. If there are no ready-made preparations, the solution can be prepared independently. For 1 liter of boiled water, take 2 tablespoons of sugar, 1 teaspoon of salt, 1 teaspoon of soda. The main rule is frequent, fractional drinking.

Sorbents

Thanks to sorbents, toxins are bound and removed from the body. The sooner they are taken, the higher the chance that toxins will not enter the bloodstream.

Children can take:

Polysorb;
Smecta;
Activated carbon;
Enterosgel.

If the sorbent is produced in the form of tablets, it is better to crush it and dilute it with a small amount of water. All drugs should be taken with strict adherence to the dosage according to the age of the baby.

Probiotics

When vomiting stops, the child can be given funds that restore the intestinal microflora. They help speed up recovery, reduce the severity of symptoms.

Probiotics for children:

Linex;
Bifiform;
Acipol;
Portolac.

What not to do

Prohibited actions:

independently treat a child under 3 years old;
give antiemetics and antidiarrheals (this is a protective reaction of the body to the action of toxins);
take antibiotics without a doctor's recommendation (they may be prescribed if an intestinal infection is detected);
since many sorbents cannot be taken with peptic ulcer and gastric bleeding, you must first discuss their intake with your doctor.

Drinking regimen and diet

The main thing with toxic infection is to replenish the loss of fluid, and give the child plenty to drink. It can be:

water without gas;
weak tea;
decoction of rice;
rosehip decoction;
prepared solutions of electrolytes.

For every kilogram of weight, the child should receive 150-200 ml of liquid. This balance must be maintained until the complete disappearance of vomiting and diarrhea.

When poisoning, it is very important to stick to a diet. The first 4-6 hours should not give the child any food. After that, switch to a sparing diet. Food should be grated and liquid, and portions should be small. The number of meals is 7-8 per day. In the early days, you need to give up fresh bread and milk, a minimum of fat.

What can be used:

porridge on the water;
crackers;
vegetable broth;
puree soups;
mashed boiled meat;
dairy products.

This regimen should be followed for 2-3 weeks. Exclude the use of spices, raw fruits and vegetables, fatty, fried foods, juices, sweets.

Prevention measures

Usually a child can be poisoned by food if adults neglect elementary hygiene requirements. To protect against the ingress of toxic substances into the child's body can comply with the rules for the prevention of food poisoning:

teach the child to wash their hands more often (after the street, the toilet, before eating);
the place of preparation and storage of food should be kept clean;
after touching raw meat, fish, eggs, you need to wash your hands with soap and water;
thoroughly wash raw vegetables and fruits;
cook meat and fish until fully cooked;
do not give the child dishes "with blood" (steak "medium");
do not eat swollen and cloudy canned food;
look at the expiration date of the products;
in the presence of pustules and wounds on the hands, cook food with gloves;
do not leave food on the table open.

Anyone can get food poisoning. Children can most often be poisoned through the inattention of adults and their failure to comply with elementary hygiene. It is necessary to carefully monitor what the child eats, whether his hands are clean, how high-quality and fresh the products are. The health of children is in our hands.

Video about first aid for a child with food poisoning:

Among the restless little ones, drug poisoning is in second place after food, which you can talk about. Why is this happening? Where is the problem hiding?

Glossy, shiny ... these tablets make you want to taste them.

The "mystery" of poisoning

The most common reason: the child swallowed pills or liquid medicines left imprudently by adults in a visible and accessible place, or put a stool and climbed into the medicine box. Sometimes, not observing the dosage of the drug or self-medicating the crumbs, parents also become unwitting culprits of the "sudden" poisoning of the baby. Beloved by many parents, Dr. E. O. Komarovsky talks about this in more detail and in examples in his video school:

Feedback from parents who have encountered a problem in their own experience confirms the seriousness of the situation.

Katya is still tormented by remorse:

“Walked away for 2 minutes, leaving cough syrup on the table. I return: my satisfied Mitya is sitting and fiddling with an almost empty bottle in his hands. Everything went down for me ... I grabbed him under the armpits, and then I don’t know what. I rushed around the apartment for about 2 minutes, and then I remembered that I needed to call an ambulance for help. I called. They began to ask me questions, but I couldn’t really name anything, except for the address, the age of the child and the fact that he was poisoned. Shock. The doctors arrived quickly. They took us in for a shower right away. Everything, thank God, worked out. Now I keep all the medicines on the mezzanine.”

Very often, kids drink sweet cough syrup, not suspecting what it can lead to.

Acute drug poisoning is a whole group of periods of development and decline of intoxication in a child. Modern medicine distinguishes periods:

Hidden- is determined by the time interval from the moment of taking the medication to the manifestation of the first signs of poisoning.
Toxicogenic- comes along with the first symptoms and lasts until the body is completely freed from toxins.
Somatogenic (period of complications)- Follows toxicogenic. The poison has already left the body, but left behind traces in the form of morphological and / or functional damage to individual organs or entire systems. The result of this period is usually specific pathological syndromes.
Restorative- can last up to 2 years after the main recovery. During the period, residual signs of damage to the immune, nervous and endocrine systems may persist.

Even at the recovery stage, children remain weak and have low immunity for a long time.

Today, there are a great many drugs on the pharmacological market that can poison a baby. Symptoms of poisoning can be classified into groups of drugs:

Antidepressants. Representatives of this group often found in the home first-aid kit are Doxepin, Amitriptyline, Melipramine, Tizertsin. The first symptoms of poisoning appear after 2-3 hours:

impaired consciousness (possible coma);
and mucous membranes;
dilated pupils;
urinary retention;

When poisoning with antidepressants, the baby does not want or cannot go to the toilet.

tachycardia;
arrhythmia;
hypertension (in the first 8 hours);
retention of feces due to lack of intestinal motility;
hallucinations or distorted perception of real pictures of the world;
sudden involuntary tremors of the muscles of the feet;
hypotension (after 9-12 hours from the moment of poisoning);

The child's blood pressure may drop sharply.

convulsions.

Diarrhea with drug poisoning is usually not observed.

The consequences of poisoning are manifested in violation of the processes of thermoregulation in the child's body. The latter can provoke damage to brain structures, kidney failure and destruction of muscle fibers.

Antipsychotics("Tizertsin", "Aminazin"). The drugs of this group have the ability to suppress energy tissue metabolism and inhibit the enzymes of the respiratory system. For poisoning, 1 mg/kg of body weight is sufficient.

Symptoms appear 6-30 hours after taking a toxic dose of the drug. Mild poisoning is characterized by:

nausea and vomiting, accompanied by a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region;
lethargy and apathy;

Even the usual favorite activities are not interested in toddlers during intoxication.

gait disorders.

Later join:

arousal responses to touch, bright lights, or loud sounds;
anxiety and tearfulness;

When poisoned with neuroleptics later, children develop tearfulness.

dry skin and mucous membranes.

The baby can sleep for a long time.

Symptoms of the average degree of development of poisoning are almost the same as signs of intoxication with antidepressants.

In a severe form of poisoning, a critical state of coma develops, accompanied by:

lowering blood pressure;

In severe cases, blood pressure in children drops sharply.

frequent weakly palpable pulse contractions;
violation of the depth and rhythm of breathing;
pale skin;
cold sweat;
convulsions.

Paracetamol and its derivatives: Efferalgan, Panadol, Kalpol, Cefekon, etc. Poisoning with drugs of the paracetamol group occurs with a single dose containing 140 milligrams of the active substance per kilogram of the child's body weight.

In moderate dosages, Panadol is absolutely harmless, but if you exceed the dose ...

Doctors distinguish 3 stages of paracetamol poisoning near:

It comes in half an hour - a day from the moment of taking the drug. Often asymptomatic. Rarely present:

moderate;
profuse sweating;
pallor of the skin.

It develops from 24 to 48 hours from the moment of taking the drug. Observed:

In the second stage, there are sharp pains in the abdomen.

nausea, vomiting;
blood components change.

It appears from 72 to 96 hours when counting the time from the moment of taking the remedy. Symptoms:

jaundice caused by liver failure;
kidney failure;
the level of erythrocytes in the blood falls.

Possible hepatic coma, changes in the structure and functions of the heart muscle.

Antihistamines:, "Dimedrol", "Tavegil". In case of poisoning, the functions of the central nervous system are impaired. Doses of 100-150 milligrams lead to poisoning in young children. The symptoms are as follows:

excessive excitement or, conversely, lethargy and drowsiness;

With the abuse of antihistamines, children often fall into a state of extreme excitement.

decrease in muscle tone;
sudden pathological movements in various muscle groups;
dry skin and mucous membranes (may turn red);
pupils are dilated;
tachycardia;
arrhythmia;
hypertension;

Antiallergic drugs cause fever.

convulsions similar to an epileptic seizure;
loss of orientation in space;
delusions and hallucinations.

Baby first aid

The first emergency aid for poisoning with antidepressants, antihistamines, paracetamol or antipsychotics is to normalize the respiratory process as soon as possible and gastric lavage, but since the latter for children under the age of three are carried out only in a hospital, then all you can do is immediately call an ambulance, while informing the operator about the causes of poisoning, and lay the child on his side to avoid choking on his own vomit, if any.

At the slightest symptom of poisoning, immediately call an ambulance.

If the baby is able to drink water (but not milk!), Then be sure to solder it (only cool, so that it is absorbed as little as possible into the walls of the stomach) - this way you can reduce the concentration of substances that poison the young body and induce vomiting, if it did not occur spontaneously. If several hours have passed since taking the drug, then it makes sense to give the child a laxative.

A laxative will help get rid of toxins and toxic substances.

Treatment of poisoning caused by drugs of each of the groups described above is carried out exclusively in a hospital and is carried out in a complex manner, depending on the severity of the symptoms of the toxicogenic period.

Imidazole and its derivatives: Glazolin, Nazivin, Sanorin, Naphthyzin. The most common in this group are Naphthyzinum poisonings. Only 10 milligrams of this "harmless" drug can lead the child's body to irreversible processes. Signs of poisoning with imidazole derivatives:

nausea with vomiting;
increased arousal and anxiety;
pale skin;

Paleness of the skin is the most characteristic sign of poisoning.

pupils are dilated;
a strong increase in blood pressure;
dyspnea;
tachycardia.

If you do not seek help in time, you will see:

increased pallor of the skin;
a sharp decrease in blood pressure;
slow heart rate;
lethargy;
drowsiness (may reach a state of coma).

The acute condition caused by intoxication with imidazole derivatives is relieved by gastric lavage, and then the child is given sorbents: activated charcoal tablets, or Enterosgel. Fluid loss caused by vomiting is replaced with electrolyte solutions. Let me remind you: if the child is nursing or just small and the situation has not become critical, then it is better to wait for the arrival of a qualified ambulance crew. Regardless of the degree of intoxication, the child must be hospitalized in a hospital for at least 1-3 days for observation and current treatment.

Only in a hospital will your child be able to provide full assistance.

Salicylates:"Citramon", "Acetylsalicylic acid", "Aspirin". Preparations of this group actively stimulate the respiratory center, negatively affect the kidneys and liver, and harm many metabolic processes in the body. The amount of substance sufficient for poisoning is 100-150 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

The first symptoms of poisoning in very young children appear rapidly and briefly:

vomit;
excitation;
superficial rapid breathing.

With the increase of intoxication appear:

disturbances of consciousness (possibly a state of coma);
hallucinations;
bleeding: nasal, intestinal, gastric;

With an increase in intoxication, bleeding may occur.

convulsive syndrome.

With these symptoms, it is important not to bring the child's condition to pulmonary or cerebral edema, therefore, SMP should be called immediately.

Tranquilizers:"Alprozolam", "Phenazepam", "Sibazon", "Mezapam". All these drugs are designed to help a person deal with obsessive anxieties and fears, sleep disorders and neurotic conditions.

Poisoning with drugs from this group of drugs can cause malfunctions in many vital systems and organs. Phenazepam poisoning is most common among children due to the fact that this drug is found in the home medicine cabinet more often than other members of the group.

"Phenazepam" is in almost every home.

Symptoms of acute poisoning can be divided into 3 stages:

Easy- the mind is confused, a deep painful sleep sets in, the pupils constrict and react poorly to light, the upper eyelids droop, the eyes can make involuntary frequent oscillatory movements, muscle tone and tendon reflexes decrease (sometimes vice versa increase), balance and gait are disturbed.

Anna, child 2 years old:

“I experienced a wild shock: my beetle ate 3-5 phenazepamine, 2.5 each. Skoriki was quickly taken to the hospital. They did a wash for him. All night they dripped my beetle in intensive care with all sorts of solutions, and only the next day we received the go-ahead to stay at home under the supervision of a pediatrician. For several days, the son's coordination of movements was disturbed. He became aggressive, nervous to the point of hysteria. The district doctor referred us to a neurologist. I am in an unpleasant anticipation of what the specialist can tell us about all this ... "

After a stay in the hospital, the baby needs constant supervision of a pediatrician.

Medium- in the continuation of the symptoms of the mild stage, swallowing and cough reflexes are disturbed, increased salivation is observed or, conversely, dry mouth, the pupils are very constricted and do not react to light. There is acute renal failure. There is an inhibition of unconditioned tendon reflexes and palpebral fissures in response to irritation. There is a superficial coma.

heavy- the baby does not respond to pain. Reflexes are absent. The pupils dilate, there is no reaction to light. Breathing becomes shallow and arrhythmic or completely absent. Blood pressure drops, tachycardia sets in. The temperature may rise or fall relative to the norm. A deep coma sets in.

The somatogenic period can manifest itself in the form of a shaky gait, a constant feeling of weakness, neurosis, pneumonia, various dermatitis, and impaired functioning of the kidneys.

Diseases of the nervous system are a fairly common complication after severe intoxication of the body.

What to do if the baby ate "Phenazepam"? First aid is exactly the same as for poisoning by other groups of drugs. There is also chronic drug poisoning, when the concentration of poison in the body is achieved by prolonged intake of incorrect (exceeding the therapeutic norm) doses. In this case, the signs of poisoning may not appear at once, but gradually increase over several days.

Poisoning from household and industrial chemicals

Various kinds of chemistry accompanies modern man in everyday life. These are, for example, detergents and cleaners, solvents, acids, gasoline, glue and much more.

Household chemicals should be kept out of the reach of children!

All adults are aware of the possible dangers of these substances, but you can’t explain this to small children ...

General symptoms

Symptoms of chemical poisoning can be different: dry mouth, pain, itching (when it comes into contact with large areas of the skin), blurred vision, disorientation in space, cardiac disorders, excessive arousal, difficulty breathing, coma - it all depends on the substance specifically taken by the child. . In case of acute mercury poisoning, the child will feel sick, vomit, dizzy, there will be a characteristic metallic taste in the mouth and pain during swallowing, later the gums may begin to bleed, fingers tremble, the temperature rises, frequent urination appears.

Mercury can cause severe dizziness and nausea.

How can you help?

If the child ate or drank something chemical, then do not induce vomiting (with the exception of mercury) (the baby may get an additional burn of the mucous membranes of the esophagus), do not give him any pills and neutralizers - call the ambulance immediately. All you can do yourself is to give the baby 1-2 glasses of water (in case of mercury poisoning - milk) to reduce the concentration of toxic substances.

If the baby is poisoned by mercury, give him milk.

In order not to get confused - a table to help.

Chemical poisoning rarely goes unnoticed for a child. Complications can affect any system of the body and any organ. So keep it away from children!

The cause of poisoning is the consumption of poor-quality foods. Moreover, the food eaten by the baby, as a rule, does not have any signs of poor quality visible to the eye and does not differ at all in smell or taste from safe foods. In the occurrence of food poisoning, not only pathogens that enter the body with food are “to blame”, but also their metabolic products - toxins.

Particularly favorable conditions for the reproduction of microbes are created in meat, fish, cottage cheese, and milk. The danger is also those products that are eaten without washing and heat treatment - butter, hard cheeses. In addition, the cause of poisoning is often the weakening of control over personal hygiene, in particular, washing hands after going to the toilet, before eating, after walking, etc.

As a rule, food poisoning has a sudden onset and an acute course. From ingestion of contaminated food to the appearance of the first signs of the disease, on average, it takes from 2 to 8 hours.

Characteristic signs of poisoning are nausea, vomiting, often repeated, abdominal pain (usually in the stomach), palpitations, loose stools, often with an admixture of mucus or blood streaks. The general condition of the baby also suffers: weakness, headache and muscle pain appear, body temperature may rise to 39 ° C. The child may become lethargic, inactive, refuses to eat.

Food poisoning: emergency care

If no more than 2 hours have passed after the meal that caused the poisoning, the child needs to do a gastric lavage. At home, most often the baby is given a certain amount of water to drink, and then vomiting is caused by irritation of the root of the tongue with a teaspoon. The amount of water should be at least 125 ml (half a glass) for each year of the child's life. You can also apply this calculation method: give a one-year-old child 20 ml of water per 1 kg of weight, children 2-3 years of age 16 ml per 1 kg.

After taking the liquid, gently pressing the spoon on the root of the tongue, induce vomiting in the baby. Washing is performed by 2-3 times the introduction of a single dose of water. Instead of ordinary water, you can use a solution of baking soda (1 teaspoon of soda per 250 ml of water) or a weak, pale pink solution of potassium permanganate. This procedure helps to remove food debris from the stomach, and with them the microbes or toxins that caused the disease.

If more than 2 hours have passed after a meal, the causative products have already moved into the intestines, and to remove them from the body, the baby needs to do a cleansing enema. The water temperature should not be higher than 25 ° C, its volume depends on the age of the child: for children 1-2 years old, 200 ml is enough, 2-3 years old 300 ml. An enema can be done using a rubber bulb, after lubricating its tip with petroleum jelly or sterile vegetable oil to prevent trauma to the anus. The tip must be inserted into the rectum to a depth of 3–5 cm.

Food poisoning: how to deal with toxins?

Activated carbon

After gastric lavage and / or cleansing enema, observing age dosages, give the child enterosorbents. These drugs bind harmful substances in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing them from entering the bloodstream.

Activated charcoal remains an effective sorbent capable of absorbing many toxins and preventing their absorption. It is produced in the form of a black powder, insoluble in water, and in the form of CARBOLEN tablets.

Activated charcoal binds in the gastrointestinal tract not only harmful, but also many useful substances for the body: enzymes, vitamins, amino acids. Therefore, at present, it is mainly used during an ambulance for gastric lavage, regardless of which method it is carried out: using a probe or inducing vomiting by pressing on the root of the tongue after taking the liquid. For this purpose, a suspension is used: 1 tablespoon of the powder is mixed in 1 liter of water heated to 25–30 ° C.

ENTEROSORBENT, based on activated charcoal, has a high surface activity and high sorption capacity in relation to microorganisms and their metabolic products. Digestive disorders (dyspepsia) and food intoxication are included in the list of indications for its use. ENTEROSORBENT is produced in bags of 10 g.

The drug is prescribed for children from infancy to 3 years at a dose of 0.05 g per 1 kg of body weight of the child per day for 3-4 doses for a period of 3 to 15 days, depending on the severity of the disease.

ENTEROSORBENT is not devoid of side effects: it leads to depletion of the body in vitamins, hormones, fats, proteins, which, together with harmful substances, are bound by the drug.
Activated charcoal is also the basis of preparations CARBACTIN, MICROSORB, ULTRA-ADSORB. They also have enterosorbent, detoxifying and antidiarrheal effects. These drugs are used orally in the form of an aqueous suspension or in tablets in a daily dose of 0.5–
1 g per 1 kg of body weight in 3-4 doses for 2-3 days. The suspension is prepared as follows: the calculated dose of the drug, depending on the weight of the baby, is stirred in 100-150 ml of water heated to no more than 30 ° C - ordinary or mineral without gas and given to the baby to drink from a bottle or from a mug using a spoon, and if the baby drinks on his own, then from a drinking bowl or cup.

ENTEROSGEL

One of the most effective and safe enterosorbents is ENTEROSGEL, a preparation based on organic silicon, designed to remove toxic substances from the body, restore the epithelium of the mucous membranes and other tissues of the body.

As the research results showed, harmful microflora and toxic substances are captured by the surface of ENTEROSGEL and destroyed, remaining on it, while beneficial microorganisms - lactobacilli, bifidobacteria are not exposed to any effect, which contributes to the restoration of the affected mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. Practice has shown that ENTEROSGEL, taken in the very first minutes after poisoning, very quickly absorbs dangerous bacteria and toxins, holds them firmly, passing through the entire gastrointestinal tract, and completely removes them with feces.

ENTEROSGEL for oral administration is used in the form of an aqueous suspension. To obtain a suspension, the required amount of the drug is thoroughly triturated in ¼ glass of water and taken with a glass of water.
The drug is also available in the form of a paste. ENTEROSGEL-PASTA is a more convenient dosage form of this drug. The finely dispersed form of ENTEROSGEL-PASTE significantly increases the sorption activity, and hence the efficiency compared to the gel. It is taken orally with at least 50 ml of water. Dosage for children aged 1-3 years 1 teaspoon (5 g) 3 times a day - (15 g).

In case of severe intoxication during the first three days, the dose of the drug can be doubled. On average, the duration of taking ENTEROSGEL for food poisoning does not exceed 7 days. Side effects when using the drug were not observed, and only intestinal obstruction is considered a contraindication.

POLYSORB

Created on the basis of natural highly dispersed silica, POLYSORB is not only one of the most effective enterosorbents, but also has a positive effect on the body as a whole. This is a drug that removes toxins, food and bacterial allergens, microbial toxins. It is used in children older than 1 year for the treatment of poisoning and acute intestinal diseases that are accompanied by diarrhea.

POLYSORB is taken orally as a suspension. To prepare a suspension, add 1 teaspoon (0.6 g) of powder to a glass of still water or cold boiled water and mix thoroughly.

For children from 1 to 3 years old, the dose is 150–200 mg (0.1–0.2 g) per 1 kg of body weight. The daily dose is divided into 3-4 doses. The maximum single dose of the drug should not exceed half the daily dose. In acute intestinal diseases, the course of treatment is 3-5 days, if necessary, it can be continued up to 10-15 days.

Of the side effects, individual intolerance to the drug is rare. In such cases, POLYSORB is canceled. Children under 1 year of age are not prescribed the drug. POLYSORB has no contraindications, the development of adverse reactions and manifestations of hypersensitivity when taking it was not recorded.

MINEROL

MINEROL has a high sorption capacity - a natural complex of minerals balanced by nature, containing almost all the macro- and microelements necessary for the human body.

It is very important that it belongs to the metabolic sorbents: by adsorbing toxins in the intestinal lumen, MINEROL gives the body useful macro- and microelements, which contribute to the rapid and effective restoration of the function of the gastrointestinal tract in case of food poisoning.

The contents of one sachet is dissolved in 100–150 ml of warm or hot water, mixed evenly, settled for 3–5 seconds. The supernatant is taken. For food poisoning in children from birth to 3 years old, 1 sachet is enough, the supernatant should be divided into 3 doses. The interval between doses is 30 minutes. Like all other drugs, MINEROL is taken until fluid loss stops. The drug is absolutely harmless, has no side effects and contraindications, is approved for use in children of any age.

MULTISORB

The detoxifying and sorption properties of MULTISORB are associated with the presence in its composition of activated biopolymers that interact with elements of the intestinal contents.
The insoluble components cellulose and lignin exhibit a pronounced sorption effect on a number of toxins.

MULTISORB affects not only the cause of intestinal infection by performing enterosorption, but also provides an additional symptomatic effect - water binding and diarrhea cessation.
The daily dose of the drug for children from 1 to 5 years is the same and is half the contents of the sachet
(1.5 g) 1-3 times a day. Duration of application is on average 3 days. Of the side effects, bloating can sometimes be observed - flatulence or a slight increase in diarrhea, which does not require discontinuation of the drug. Contraindication for use in children is acute pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas.

SMEKTA

This is a drug of natural origin that removes harmful substances from the body, providing an adsorbing and enveloping effect: SMEKTA stabilizes the mucous barrier, increases the amount of mucus, improves its gastroprotective properties in terms of the negative effect of hydrochloric acid, microorganisms and their toxins. The drug has a pleasant taste, well tolerated by children.
SMECTA is available as a powder for suspension in sachets of 3 g.
The drug is used in children from birth in the following dosage:

children under 1 year - 1 sachet per day;
from 1 to 2 years - 2 sachets per day;
over 2 years - 2-3 sachets per day.

Before use, the contents of the sachet are gradually poured into 50–100 ml of liquid, stirring evenly. You should take the drug at least 3 times a day and at least 3 days (the course of treatment is from 3 to 7 days). Side effects with the use of SMECTA are quite rare.
The most common of these include constipation, which disappears with a decrease in the dose of the drug, as well as fever and vomiting.

If the use of SMECTA provokes fever and vomiting, then its administration should be discontinued. The drug is contraindicated in intestinal obstruction.

LAKTOFILTRUM

The drug belongs to the sorbents of plant origin, helps to strengthen the immune system. Like all sorbents, it is characterized by the ability to bind on its surface and retain various compounds, including toxins and pathogenic microbes. The drug is non-toxic, is not absorbed into the general circulation, is completely eliminated from the intestine during the day and does not interfere with the function of the gastrointestinal tract.

LAKTOFILTRUM tablets are taken orally with water, preliminary crushing of the tablet is allowed.

LAKTOFILTRUM is recommended for children aged 1-3 years 3 times a day for
½ tablet until diarrhea stops. Taking the drug as a component of complex treatment can be continued for up to 2 weeks. When using the drug in rare cases, it is possible to develop allergic reactions to its components. LAKTOFILTRUM is contraindicated in children with intestinal obstruction and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.

Food poisoning: stay hydrated

Since with vomiting and diarrhea the child loses a large amount of fluid, and with it microelements, dehydration of the body can develop very quickly, which poses a threat to the life of the baby. The main signs of dehydration are cold, dry and pale skin, dry tongue, rapid pulse, sunken eyes, indifference to the environment, and in young children - retraction of the large fontanel. In this regard, great importance is given to the restoration of water and electrolyte balance in the child's body - rehydration.

In most cases, it is sufficient to carry out the so-called oral rehydration - the introduction of liquid to the baby through the mouth. Any liquid is given with a teaspoon. Children under 1 year should be given 1 teaspoon (5 ml), from 1 to 3 years - 2 teaspoons (10 ml) every 5-10 minutes. A lot of liquid at a time should not be given to the baby, as this can provoke or increase vomiting.

REGIDRON

Of the industrial preparations for the normalization of water and electrolyte balance, the most common is REGIDRON, which includes sodium chloride and potassium, sodium citrate and glucose.

The contents of the sachet are dissolved in 1 liter of boiled water and the solution is allowed to cool. Such a solution is given to the child after each liquid stool. Before taking it, you need to mix it thoroughly. REGIDRON is used at the onset of the disease at the rate of 10 ml per 1 kg of body weight per hour, and as vomiting and diarrhea subside, 5 ml per 1 kg of body weight per hour.

With vomiting and diarrhea, it is necessary to start treatment with REHYDRON as soon as possible and continue taking the drug until the diarrhea stops. Do not add any other components to the solution, otherwise the effect of the drug may be impaired.

If the indicated dosage is observed, side effects do not occur when using the drug.

GLUCOSOLAN

It restores the water-electrolyte balance disturbed during dehydration of the body and GLUKOSOLAN, consisting of two sachets, one of which contains glucose, and the second a salt mixture.

Before use, the contents of the sachets are dissolved in 1 liter of boiled water. The drug is used for newborns and young children at the rate of 10-15 ml per 1 kg of body weight per day.

This drug is also available in the form of tablets. One dose of it consists of 4 GLUCOSE tablets and 1 SOLAN tablet. Before use, these tablets are dissolved in 100 ml of water.

The duration of the drug is determined by the decrease in signs of dehydration, on average it is 6-7 hours. Of the side effects, rare cases of nausea have been noted. There are no contraindications for use in children.

HUMANA ELECTROLYTE

The drug is a balanced mixture of carbohydrates and minerals in the form of a powder, easily soluble in water. For food poisoning, HUMANA ELECTROLYTE with banana pectin is used, the dietary fibers of which are able to bind and remove toxins from the body.
HUMANA ELECTROLYTE refers to first aid aid, and its use in the first hours of the disease allows you to quickly cope with the symptoms of dehydration and significantly improve the general condition of the child. Good palatability facilitates the use of the drug in young children.

From birth, you can use a mixture of HUMAN ELECTROLYTE with fennel, and from 3 years of age with a banana.

The contents of 1 sachet are dissolved in 250 ml of warm boiled water. Ready-to-use solution can be drunk warm or cold.

The prepared solution should not be sweetened and salted. Dosage for children under 3 years old - 50-150 ml per 1 kg of weight. The drug is used until the diarrhea stops. The volume of the solution administered during this period should correspond to the volume of fluid lost by the body. An important subjective indicator of the required amount of treatment solution is thirst. It has no contraindications and side effects.

With a pronounced loss of fluid with a watery stool, glucose-salt and salt-free solutions are taken in equal parts (1: 1), with the predominance of vomiting, part of the glucose-salt solutions increases (2: 1), and with the main loss of fluid with loose stools and fever, it increases proportion of salt-free solutions (1:2).

Be careful!

It is important for parents to know that:

the use of sorbents is contraindicated in intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding;
while taking enterosorbents and other drugs, sorbents reduce their effectiveness, and therefore it is recommended to observe an interval between their doses of at least 1 hour;
with indomitable vomiting, severe general condition of the child and severe dehydration, oral rehydration cannot be performed, since it is ineffective in these cases. We must try to deliver the child to the hospital as soon as possible, where infusion (intravenous) therapy will be carried out with the necessary solutions;
most enterosorbents, such as activated charcoal and other inorganic compounds, can cause constipation. The toxins bound by the sorbent, remaining in the intestine, will be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause intoxication;
antibacterial drugs for food poisoning, intoxication and toxic infections are rarely prescribed;
if as a result of home treatment there is no rapid improvement in the baby's condition, if the disease becomes protracted, and mucus or blood impurities appear in the feces, it is urgent to consult a pediatrician who will prescribe adequate treatment.

Poisoning is a disorder of the body. The reason for this is the ingestion of poison or toxin into the body.
In medicine, poisoning is commonly called intoxication.

Types of poisoning

Food poisoning is divided into two groups.

The first group includes poisoning by various food products.

The greatest likelihood of poisoning in children occurs when dairy products, eggs, fish and seafood, meat, and confectionery with cream are included in the diet.

The second group includes chemical poisoning.

Both groups of poisoning are potentially dangerous for the child's body if first aid is not provided in time.

Symptoms of food poisoning

The first symptom of poisoning is vomiting. In case of poisoning, it can occur more than 15 times a day. In parallel with it, diarrhea may appear.

The child's behavior changes dramatically, he becomes lethargic, capricious.

Body temperature can reach 38 degrees Celsius.

First aid for poisoning

The very first thing to do is gastric lavage. It is necessary to give the child to drink 1-2 liters of warm boiled water. This is necessary for the speedy cleaning of the stomach from food that poisons the child.

It is necessary to ensure that dehydration does not begin in the child's body. It is necessary to observe the drinking regimen. To do this, every 10-15 minutes, give the child to drink 1-2 sips of weak tea.

After that, you should provide the child with first aid. It is necessary to give the child medicines, but it must be taken into account that the child's body is different from the body of an adult and special medicines are needed for it.

Medicines for a child with poisoning

With severe vomiting or in a child, you should resort to the drug "Regidron". 1 sachet is diluted in a liter of cooled boiled water and given to the child in portions throughout the day. This drug replenishes fluid in the body.

A drug such as Smecta will help restore balance in the body. Its action is stronger than ordinary activated carbon. Give the child one sachet at the first symptoms, and then drink two more during the day. The course of treatment with the drug is 3-7 days.
And in order to kill the causative agent of the infection, you should give the child "Enterofuril". It is an intestinal antibiotic. It should be taken 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days. The dosage depends on the age of the child.

To restore the microflora of the large intestine in a child, you need to give the child Laktofiltrum tablets. Before use, carefully read the instructions. When giving this drug to a child, you need to remember that they drink it half an hour before or after taking other medicines.

Anonymous

Please help, my husband really needs a boy. I have an older daughter from a previous marriage, then we had a joint daughter. Now the husband directly demands the boy. Ready even for IVF with the planting of an embryo of the desired gender. But my gynecology told me that IVF is definitely not for me, hormonal preparation will have a very bad effect on my blood vessels and pressure. Up to a stroke. She also talked to her husband about it. He is going to take me to the border due to the fact that in our clinics (we were in two) they said they can do a transplant on the floor only for health reasons, and IVF may not be able to endure my health at all. Sister says that you need to try folk methods. And I'm scared. If the first ultrasound does not show the sex, then I don’t know what will happen on the second if it’s a girl again. Suddenly, the husband will be so against the girl that ... Or will he send for the fourth? Help! There are some ways to count the days, I once read about the right day of conception! for the desired floor. If anyone used this method and if you succeeded, please tell me, I beg you!

174

All will pass

Below is a topic about gifts for an 8 year old child for the New Year. Many answers. Please let him write to Santa Claus. Do your children really still believe in Santa Claus at the age of 8, or is it a smart, cunning, childish move.

159

Nata Ser

What I don't understand is how can this be? About a year ago we moved into a new apartment, finally a big one. The renovation was done before us, I can’t say that everything is perfect, but overall it’s okay. And somewhere around August, the neighbors above us began repairs: the buzzing and drilling was terrible, the roar was noisy, but everything was strictly during working hours. Now, as I understand it, finishing work is going on there, because although there is noise, it’s different: tapping etc. But this is not the problem, a month ago, just like that on Sunday, a neighbor from below came to us and said that he had a leak in his bathroom from the ceiling. At that time, no one washed in our bathroom, but before that they used it, well, maybe half an hour ago ... We let him in, he made sure that everything was dry under the bathroom and in the toilet too. But today the doorbell rang again, flowing again. Yes, I was just in the bathroom and today everyone was there in turn. But, I took a bath yesterday, and before that on different days, nothing flowed either. And again it’s dry everywhere. She didn’t let her neighbor in, because she was in a negligee and talked to him through the door. He is indignant, demands that we call a plumber. But we need it, everything is dry with us. Could this be due to the renovation being done by the upstairs neighbors? And who still should call the plumber? It's not hard for me, but I don't understand why?

103

Sirens

Good Sunday morning!

This Thursday (which was), I was at a psychologist's consultation in kindergarten. At first I wanted to ask questions, but then I realized that, in principle, I still have a chamomile child, with my own quirks, Wishlist and pampering, of course, and tantrums (nowhere without it). After this consultation, they (the mothers who were) approached the teacher and asked how they (the children) behave in the group. And the teacher said about mine: “Of course she’s a hooligan, where would she be without it. She’s stubborn. But she’s like that girl in the video, if they beat her, then she’ll rather lie down and lie down, loves to pity the children, those who cry.” Basically, I was happy for my daughter. But, there is a small “but”, is it right, they will beat her, and she will lie. Of course, I would not want her to beat herself and take part in fights, but I also do not want her to lie down and be beaten. Can this be fixed somehow or is it not worth it, maybe I'm worried in vain? So that let them not give up, but fight back. Now I'm worried, but life is long. Of course, in the future I plan to give it to some kind of circle so that I know the tricks (for every fireman).