Beautiful silicone breasts. What you need to know about silicone breast Super silicone breast

It has long been known that men like a lush female bust. What woman does not dream of being attractive to the stronger sex. When the parameters do not match, and other methods have been tried, silicone breasts help to get closer to the ideal. Correction of the shape and with the help of prostheses is a popular plastic surgery today. It is not easy to take such a step. To avoid dangerous results, you need to study the issue thoroughly.

Possible contraindications

First of all, you need to know that there are contraindications to artificial breasts.. There are not many of them:

Malignant tumors.
Individual intolerance to polymer products.
Prostration.
Inflammatory processes and other pathologies of the mammary gland.

So, if everything is in order with your health, you can discuss further issues.

What are dentures filled with?

The implant looks like a transparent rounded bag, it is made of silicone. This polymeric substance is also poured into the medical device in a jelly-like state. There is another version of the content - a physical solution. These modifications have both advantages and disadvantages. The minus of salty liquid is gurgling when moving. Advantages in affordable price and safety: if it gets into the tissues, there will be no harm.

The advantage of a jelly-like substance is that the gel does not spread when the shell breaks. Strong models are now produced, the surface is damaged in rare cases. There is also a negative side to this. When the silicone leaks out, the breast needs to be operated on again.

Experts advise not to save and choose high-quality products, the shelf life of which is unlimited.

What forms of implants are best

Previously, only round samples were produced. Their purpose is to give the bust a voluminous raised look.

Now they produce other models that look like a drop. These types are more expensive, but almost do not betray their presence, since the mammary glands remain smooth and natural. The disadvantages of anatomical options include a probable displacement.

Regardless of the configuration of the medical device, it can be understood that the surgeon has worked on the body. The signs are:

If the patient is concerned about how the silicone breast looks, natural or unnatural, then it is better to put drop-shaped endoprostheses.

Installation methods

Mammoplasty is performed in different variations. Surgeons determine the optimal place for the incision based on the characteristics of a particular patient:

Do not be afraid of scars, the level of modern medicine allows you to operate so that the scars are not noticeable. It is worse if health problems begin after the intervention.

Is silicone implant safe?

Manipulation with a scalpel is always a risk of worsening the condition. No doctor guarantees a favorable outcome, since complications are likely:

All operations that are repeated are more expensive. When explantation is done, the skin needs to be tightened, after which large scars remain on the chest. There are negative aspects of mammoplasty - which surgeons are silent about.

What are the consequences

In the 1980s, the famous American implant manufacturer paid for multimillion-dollar lawsuits from women who had mammoplasty. The victims had serious health problems due to the fact that the shells of the prostheses leaked silicone. The substance spread over the tissues, causing deformation, swelling, pain, and severe diseases of the mammary glands.

The public was alarmed, doctors said that neurological consequences and malignant tumors appeared due to implants. Then in the 90s in the states such operations were banned for almost a decade.

In 1999, several independent American scientists gave presentations and confirmed that silicone does not cause cancer. The researchers noted that the condition of the operated patients worsens as a result of:

postoperative complications;
intolerance to a polymeric substance;
in case of violation of the technology of production and installation of a silicone product.

However, in 2012, Ukrainian scientists published a study on the negative impact of polymers used in medicine. The facts confirm that over time, due to silicone prostheses, toxic microparticles are formed, which is why the body is poisoned gradually. This is fraught with damage to the lungs, immune, nervous system, as well as the liver, skin, and the appearance of allergies.

Long-term experiments of the Russian scientist Anatoly Borisovich Shekhter proved that implants with a smooth surface cause chronic inflammation in the body, as the gel comes out through the shell. Therefore, textured products are safer.

The polymer can break imperceptibly, while the spreading of the liquid is not felt. Therefore, experienced surgeons advise clients to undergo an MRI every three years.

Warranty period of medical products

According to surgeons, the shell of a modern endoprosthesis is very durable. In addition, there are harmless fillers. Therefore, women can live in peace, silicone breasts in old age will not cause inconvenience.

The manufacturer of quality products promises a lifetime service life. It is recommended to check for a certificate.

Pregnancy and feeding

Most women go for surgery after having children. Partly because, having made plastic surgery, it is supposedly impossible to feed the baby. Many are confused by the possible problems of silicone breasts after childbirth.

Practicing surgeons answer that prosthetics do not interfere with giving birth. The only condition is that the incision must pass under the mammary gland.

Silicone does not pass into milk because it does not dissolve in liquid. Therefore, implants are not dangerous for a newborn. In addition, certain drugs that are prescribed for colic in infants contain this substance. Implantation does not harm women in position.

There is a chance that the skin will sag at the end of feeding, as the bust initially increases in size. In such cases, new forms require special care: Moisturize your skin frequently and wear supportive underwear. In addition, a change in the size of the glands leads to a loss of the shape given by the prosthesis, or its displacement. It is often necessary to resort to a tightening after weaning the baby.

When a woman decides to undergo plastic surgery for breast augmentation, the choice of a suitable implant is largely determined by her own idea of what shape and size her mammary glands should be. The selection of the best endoprosthesis is individual for each patient and, in addition to her wishes, is based on taking into account the structural features of her body and the recommendations of a plastic surgeon.

A breast implant, or endoprosthesis, is a medical product that is made of high-quality material that is biologically compatible with human tissues. Their purpose is to improve the shape and increase the size of the female breast.

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Advantages and disadvantages of implants

Breast augmentation surgery with silicone is traditionally popular with women. Therefore, research is constantly being carried out in this field of medicine, which allows improving implants, making them safer and more natural.

Modern endoprostheses used for breast augmentation have many advantages:

1. They are completely biocompatible. For their production, modern materials are used that eliminate the risk of rejection and the occurrence of an inflammatory process.
2. Modern endoprostheses are completely safe for human health. Even if the implant is damaged, its filler will remain in place.
3. The breast after the operation looks as natural as possible. It is natural not only visually, but also to the touch.

A small number of ruptures have been noted. Even with careful testing, a small percentage of such cases still exist. This happens with chest injuries.

For each implant, manufacturers provide a guarantee, confirmed by the relevant document. In case of rupture due to mechanical impact, it can be replaced free of charge.

Breast implants

Side effects of mammoplasty are usually associated with insufficient qualifications of the surgeon or an incorrectly selected size or shape of the implant, when it does not correspond to the actual size of the woman's breast. After such an intervention, the following defects are possible:

1. In some women, the contours of the prosthesis are determined in the prone position. Usually contouring is observed if the implant is placed under the gland. When installing an endoprosthesis under the muscle, this does not happen.
2. In addition to contouring, the implant can be palpated tactilely if it is placed under the gland.
3. When using implants with a smooth surface, there is a high probability of fibrous capsular contracture.

Types of implants

Physically, all implants are a shell of a special material filled with a gel or a special solution. The shape of the endoprosthesis, its filling and surface are different. Depending on this, the final appearance of the milk may be different.

It is customary to classify breast implants according to several parameters: by filler, size, surface texture and shape.

Varieties of endoprostheses by filler

Depending on the type of filler, endoprostheses are divided into:

silicone;
salt;
bioimplants;
filled with silica gel.

Saline implants appeared a long time ago, they belong to the very first generation of endoprostheses. Outwardly, such a prosthesis resembles a silicone bag filled with saline. They are filled before the operation or during it through a special valve. In the second case, the incision on the patient's body is made smaller. Salt implants suggest the possibility of manual correction of the breast after surgery.

The main disadvantage of such prostheses is the frequent cases of shell rupture or damage. In this case, it becomes necessary to repeat the operation and restore the aesthetic appearance of the mammary gland, although the liquid inside the implant is completely harmless to human health. Some women among the disadvantages of such implants note the characteristic gurgling sounds during movement.

You can install saline endoprostheses from the age of 18. From the same age, operations to increase the bust as a whole are allowed.

Types of implants

Silicone implants appeared much later than saline implants, in 1991. They look like a multi-layer elastomeric shell filled with gel. In this case, a different filler is used:

1. Highly cohesive, dense gel that tactilely resembles marmalade. This substance is able to remember the shape of the prosthesis. This gel does not deform and does not leak when the shell breaks. The disadvantage of such a breast is the unnatural appearance of the mammary gland and its unusual hardness when touched.
2. Standard cohesive gel has a jelly-like texture. Such an implant gives the breast a natural beautiful shape, but if the shell breaks, it will leak out, although it will not harm the woman's health.
3. Gel Soft Touch resembles a highly cohesive, but less dense. In texture, it is more like jelly and has fewer negative qualities.

Silicone-filled implants are most often used, as they make it possible to give the mammary gland a beautiful natural shape. They can even be installed under the mammary gland, since, unlike the others, they do not give the effect of wrinkling. Due to the fact that when the shell breaks, its contents do not leak out, such endoprostheses are recognized as the safest. Their disadvantage is the need to make large cuts for installation. After the operation, the woman will have to be examined regularly to identify possible tears.

Bioimplants, which are also called hydrogel, are filled with a special natural polymer that is completely safe for health. If there is a rupture of the shell of such an implant, the contents decompose into carbon dioxide, water and glucose and dissolve in the human body.

Hydrogel implant

The advantage of such implants is a wide variety of sizes and shapes, as well as the absence of the need to undergo special expensive examinations to detect possible damage. They also have disadvantages: high cost and the likelihood of leakage of the hydrogel through the shell, which over time leads to a change in the size and shape of the breast.

Silica gel endoprostheses are filled with microscopic silicate balls. This allows you to significantly reduce the weight of the prosthesis and reduce the likelihood of breast ptosis over time.

Varieties of implants by surface texture

Breast endoprostheses can be smooth or textured.

The first species has become a thing of the past and is now very rare. There are no pores on a smooth and even surface of such a prosthesis. Therefore, after its installation, a special seal is formed called fibrous capsular contracture, which leads to a change in the shape of the prosthesis. In addition, when using such an endoprosthesis, the probability of its displacement is high.

Smooth endoprostheses have their own advantages:

their shell is thin, which makes it possible to create a natural soft breast;
they are inexpensive;
they last long enough.

Textured implants do not allow connective tissue to grow around them. At the same time, the porous surface of the prosthesis allows it to be securely fixed in the tissues and reduces the likelihood of displacement. The absence of complications makes these endoprostheses very popular, and they are often used for plastic surgery.

Form classification

There are two types of endoprostheses, depending on the shape:

round;
anatomical.

Round-shaped implants solve the problem of asymmetry or drooping of the breast. Such endoprostheses can be high, medium or low profile. Their advantage is ease of installation and low price. But over time, such a prosthesis can roll over and make the breast unnatural.

Anatomical implants require a more labor-intensive installation process and are much more expensive than round ones. Their structure is quite dense, so even in the prone position, the chest holds a given shape and looks unnatural. They can also have different profile heights.

Size classification

Like natural female breasts, implants differ in their size, which is usually measured in milliliters. One size equals filling 150 ml of saline or gel. To obtain a beautiful large breast, it is necessary to take into account the initial size of the mammary glands.

The market of cosmetology medicine offers endoprostheses with a predetermined volume and size, with a special valve that allows you to fill the cavity during the operation. When filling such an implant, it is very important to accurately set the volume of the filler, since the excess will lead to breast hardness, and its insufficiency increases the risk of shell damage.

How to choose implants?

In order to get beautiful large breasts after surgery, you need to choose the right implants. To do this, before the operation, an experienced surgeon necessarily examines the woman and helps her choose the appropriate endoprostheses, taking into account her anatomical features of the body and wishes.

The following factors play an important role in choosing an implant:

body size of a woman;
the size and shape of the patient's natural mammary glands;
the breast that a woman wants to get in the end is natural or fake;
the degree of mastoptosis (loss of elasticity);
the state in which the tissues of the mammary glands are located;
woman's lifestyle.

Choosing the profile of the endoprosthesis, an experienced surgeon starts from the width of the patient's mammary glands. In order for the silicone breast to be natural, the width of the prosthesis should not exceed the transverse dimension of the woman's natural breast. This will give a good aesthetic result and will not allow the enlarged breast to go beyond the chest.

The patient is usually offered comparative tables that clearly show the different sizes of implants. During this, the surgeon gives recommendations on the choice of size, taking into account the volume of the woman's natural breasts. To facilitate the process, computer modeling is used, which clearly shows how the breast will look like after surgery with one or another implant. It is also recommended to see a photo of the results of previous manipulations.

When choosing a size, it is important to consider the lifestyle of a woman. If she is actively involved in sports, too large mammary glands can create problems. With large implants, their edges are often visible under the skin.

Manufacturers of endoprostheses

When choosing endoprostheses, it is necessary to pay attention to the manufacturer and give preference to well-known, well-established manufacturers. The most popular products of the following companies:

Company name	Product Features
Arion	The French manufacturer produces round and anatomical endoprostheses with silicone and hydrogel filling
Allergan	A US company produces implants with a special texture of the outer surface. It allows the connective tissue to dissolve in the depth of the prosthesis. Soft gel-filled endoprostheses allow you to create a natural shape of the female breast. They are very popular and have a low complication rate.
Nagor	The English manufacturer offers a huge range of different shapes and sizes of endoprostheses. All of them have a textured surface of a special shell and are filled with gel.
Polytech	This manufacturer from Germany offers highly cohesive memory gel prostheses that hardly change their shape. The smooth or textured shell of such an implant consists of several layers.
Mentor	This American company produces prostheses with a high degree of elasticity. They have a durable textured shell and are filled with a highly cohesive gel. The range also includes saline implants that are corrected during the operation.

Each woman, choosing endoprostheses, is able to focus on her wishes regarding the size of the breast and its shape. But in order to obtain a good result, when choosing implants, it is necessary to take into account the advice of the surgeon. Only a professional will always help you choose the perfect option, taking into account all the anatomical features and preferences of the client.

Changeable - at one time lush breasts were in fashion, at other periods of history, women hid their breasts in every possible way, trying to make it as flat as possible. Now individuality is in fashion, but the majority has in their minds a certain ideal, part of which is a very voluminous, beautiful breast of the correct form.

Nature did not give everyone the desired shape, therefore, silicone breasts are a very popular plastic surgery service. At the same time, there are many myths about silicone breasts that continue to multiply in social networks and even serious magazines. Let's try to figure out how things really are with breast plastic surgery, and whether it is worth doing silicone breasts ...

1. Rehabilitation after breast augmentation is long and painful

Rehabilitation after surgery is 30 days of wearing special elastic underwear. Soreness may be present during the first days after surgery, as it is a surgical trauma. As after any operation, pain occurs, which is stopped by analgesics.

2. There are noticeable scars on the breast after surgery.

To date, breast plastic surgery is the most well-established operation in plastic surgery. When installing a silicone implant, only cosmetic scars remain, which can be located in several places: along the areola line, in the folds under the breast, or in the armpit area.

The length of the scar is standard, since the size must be such that it does not deform the implant and that its filling remains intact. The size of the access is usually 4-5 cm, no matter where it is located. Within 10-12 months, it becomes almost invisible if the technology is observed. There are countless photos of silicone breasts on the Internet, where you can clearly see how difficult it is to notice traces of plastic surgery.

3. Silicone breasts lose sensation

Many have a different opinion and explain this by the fact that after the operation, the skin spreads over the implant, the number of tactile receptors increases accordingly, and therefore the sensitivity increases.

4. Don't breastfeed with implants

Can. The modern technique offers installation under the pectoralis major muscle, which is located below the mammary gland. Implants have nothing to do with its functioning at all. The implant only changes the shape and size of the breast.

5. Silicone breasts often look unnatural.

If you have chosen the correct size of implants, and the clinic has correctly installed and followed the technology, then everything will look beautiful. Moreover, with modern anatomical implants, an absolutely natural form of the mammary gland is obtained.

6. Over time, implants can sag or deteriorate.

Implants cannot deteriorate, because the shelf life of silicone is longer than the duration of a human life. As for sagging, if the implant is chosen and installed correctly, then you can not think about sagging breasts. If it is installed under the skin or under the gland and has a large size, heavy for this breast, then, of course, soft tissues can stretch and then the shape will not be so beautiful.

7. Silicone implants should be replaced after 7-10 years

There is a study that includes more than 150,000 women, they are followed for more than 10 years after breast augmentation, and over 97% of them are satisfied with their decision to increase their breasts. Silicone implants are changed in cases where a woman decided to change their size or when an injury occurred that violated the integrity of the implant.

8. Silicone breasts can burst on a plane.

Many celebrities and ordinary women with silicone breasts regularly fly planes, thereby clearly proving that it is possible to fly. Nothing happens to implants either on an airplane or underwater.

9. Chest can freeze in the cold

Some believe that silicone breasts can freeze in winter and turn into a piece of ice. Theoretically, a silicone implant can freeze in the cold and harden, but only this requires such a low temperature that it first freezes the mistress of the breast to death.

10. You can’t go to the sauna after breast augmentation.

Another myth is the fear that the heat in the sauna can heat the silicone in the breast to the point of destroying the implant! The melting point of silicone is about 200 degrees, and the temperature in the hottest sauna is no more than 100-130 degrees. At the same time, your body temperature will never be even close to these figures.

Although doctors do not recommend visiting the sauna with silicone breasts. The fact is that silicone, unlike the human body, changes temperature longer. When you leave the sauna, your body temperature will return to normal in a few minutes, and the silicone will take much longer to cool down, which can cause discomfort.

11. You can't sleep on your stomach after breast augmentation.

Immediately after the operation, it is impossible, but after a couple of months it will be possible to sleep in any comfortable position.

12. After losing weight, the implants look unnatural and the breasts sag.

The implant is placed under the muscle, so when losing weight or gaining weight, the shape remains constant. In addition, women with curvaceous forms rarely resort to breast augmentation.
Therefore, do not be afraid of breast plastic surgery, the main thing is to know why to do it. Before making a decision, think about whether you are ready for your own money to strike at your health and sew two alien objects into yourself? will not make you happier, but will only bring the forms closer to the notorious standards of beauty.

There are many examples around when girls with small breasts feel confident in this world. For example, how many mocking and insulting comments were written to her for her small breasts, but she is still pleased with herself and successful in life.

The web is full of photos of female busts enlarged with implants. These pictures are tempting and inspire many ladies to plastic surgery for breast augmentation.

I am not against such an operation. Not abstractly, from the outside, not against it, but she went through it herself.

The other day I came across photographs of breasts from which the implants were taken out.

Here's what Sarah's silicone breasts looked like:

Big, beautiful, sexy. The girl decided to extract the implants and return the breasts that nature had awarded her.

Sarah's breasts before and after silicone augmentation:

Photo: Sara X Mills

Sarah's breasts after silicone removal:

Photo: Sara X Mills

Many surgeons will tell you that modern implants are of such high quality that you spend your whole life with them.

This is very unlikely. It is no coincidence that American doctors working in the most expensive and trustworthy clinics will give you a written recommendation to have a breast MRI every 3 years after surgery.

No, not because implants cause cancer, but because they can be damaged during wear, but visually you most likely will not notice this.

Damaged implants must be removed immediately.

Most implants - even the current generation - will need to be replaced in 7-10 years.

When breast augmentation with silicone, you should be aware that the implants, with a high degree of probability, will not serve you until the end of your days. You will have to remove them and either install new ones or do a breast lift.

Silicone implants are not a house that you build once and for all. Silicone implants are a car that sooner or later will start to give you inconvenience and require replacement.

The procedure for the re-installation of implants, as well as the procedure for their removal followed by a breast lift, is more expensive than the procedure for primary breast augmentation with silicone.

You must clearly understand this, as well as the fact that the scars that you will receive after a breast lift, removing the implants from there, will remain with you for life. If you don't want scars, put in new implants or walk around with your breasts stretched and sagging, like those of a hundred-year-old granny.

Silicone breasts today have become available to many. Moreover, this affordability is expressed both in a large number of aesthetic surgery clinics in various cities, and in how much silicone breast surgery costs.

silicone breast cost

The first mammoplasty operations were carried out differently than it is done now. Silicone was pumped into the mammary glands, which then could “behave” unpredictably, and the results of the operations did not please for long, so the question is still formulated as follows - how much does it cost to pump breasts with silicone.

At this stage in the development of plastic surgery, such operations are carried out with the installation of silicone implants. Silicone implants are installed to increase and tighten the bust, to make it more attractive. Such an operation may be necessary after breast removal.

The cost of intervention can be very different, from about 80,000 to 300,000 rubles. The total cost includes the work of the surgeon, the cost of implants, anesthesia and stay in the clinic after the operation.

You can make silicone breasts today in many large cities in different countries. But how much does it cost to get silicone breasts abroad?

As a rule, the more famous the clinic, the closer it is to the capital, the more expensive all the components of the operation will be. Even the cost of implants will be higher, because each medical institution makes an extra charge for breast prostheses.

How much do breast implants cost

From one tenth to half of the cost of the operation is the price of implants.

On average, it is 20-40 thousand rubles.

However, there are also more expensive ones, and exclusive options are also produced, which are completely custom-made.

The cost of these products depends on many factors:

implant filler,
Form,
Surface,
The presence of additional features
Manufacturer's brand.

Filler

In plastic surgery, two types of breast prostheses are used, depending on the materials: silicone and saline. The shells of both types of implants are made of silicone.

In the first case, the internal filling is made of silicone. It is a gel of different density. Its advantage is that it makes the breast naturally elastic, and in the event of a rupture of the shell, it does not spread over the tissues, but retains its shape.

Salt implants are filled with physiological saline, that is, a salt solution with a concentration of 0.9%. Such implants are softer to the touch, with active movement they can make gurgling sounds.

The main inconvenience of such implants is the spreading of the filler when the shell breaks. It's not dangerous, although annoying. Salt implants are still in demand on the market due to the lower price, and they cost about half as much as silicone ones.

How to distinguish silicone breasts from real:

Unnatural breast shape
The chest is like a bubble
The chest is too firm to the touch,
If a woman is without a bra, then the breasts remain too high,
asymmetrical nipples,
stretch marks,
Violation of the proportions of the body.

The shape of breast prostheses can be round or drop-shaped.

The second option is also called anatomical.

Anatomical implants are more difficult to manufacture and more in demand.

This makes them more expensive than round ones, although many manufacturers have already established the technology for the production of anatomical endoprostheses to such an extent that their cost is not much different from the cost of round ones.

Product dimensions

The size of breast implants depends on the volume of the filler. Standard products are produced: 150, 300, 450 ml.

However, there are also more expensive models, the volume of which the doctor can adjust during installation.

Implant surface

Manufacturers do not stand still. At first, all breast endoprostheses were produced with a shell that had a smooth surface. However, after installing such products, there could be problems.

After the operation, the body creates a kind of capsule around the implant, which is formed from the connective tissue. In some cases, this capsule compresses the implant, and the breast becomes too hard.

Endoprostheses with a structured surface help to avoid unpleasant consequences, because the connective tissue penetrates into the pores in the prosthesis shell and does not compress the implant.

As a result, the breast remains natural to the touch. The production of implants with a structured surface is more difficult, and therefore their cost is higher.

Classification of implants by location:

Subfascial. Placed between the mammary gland and the pectoral muscle, under the fascia.
Some surgeons have come to the conclusion that this position can significantly improve the fixation of the implant.
axillary. Placed under the pectoral muscle, without dissecting its lower part.
Subpectoral. Implants are placed partly under the mammary gland and partly under the pectoral muscle, making a dissection of its lower part.

additional characteristics

The cost of endoprostheses for the mammary glands is affected by their technical characteristics, more precisely, the presence of additional options compared to standard products.

Implants are guaranteed for 10 years.

As a rule, everything that differs from the standard has a cost above 40,000 rubles.

Possible options

mixed content,
Gel of different degrees of density,
Possibility to adjust the size during the operation,
The complex shape of the implant, taking into account individual characteristics,
Product warranty period.

The period for which the manufacturer gives a guarantee for the product is a kind of indicator of the quality and confidence of the manufacturer in his product. Typically, such a guarantee for breast implants is at least 10 years.

It can be more, and it can also be lifelong. Of course, the cost of prostheses with a lifetime warranty is much higher.

However, this can save significant money on a second operation, which will be needed when the warranty of cheaper endoprostheses expires.

Brand choice

The cost of breast implants depends not only on their features and characteristics, but also on the manufacturer, more precisely, on the brand and its popularity.

To date, plastic surgeons distinguish the top three in this field: CUI, McGHAN, Mentor.

When a client raises the question of the need to save money in order to “fit” into the budget, the usual recommendation is to save on a brand.

That is, choose implants with the same characteristics, but from a less well-known manufacturer, which will significantly reduce their cost. In many cases, this difference is one and a half to two times and depends only on the “hype” and popularity of the brand. Given that the cost of implants is measured in tens of thousands, the savings can be quite noticeable.

Why can you save on a brand and when is it possible? An important point in determining the quality of endoprostheses for the bust is the availability of a European certificate. The requirements for this product are quite stringent, and certification is required.

If the product has all the necessary documents, then its quality, as a rule, is quite high, and the difference in the quality of products from different manufacturers becomes very small.