Pentoxifylline: description of the drug, action, indications and contraindications. Analogues and side effects. The price of the drug and reviews about it. Pentoxifylline for atrial fibrillation

Pentoxifylline, dropper or tablets, are modern effective drugs.

It is a derivative of dimethylxanthine. The drug is able to improve the processes of blood microcirculation and acts as an angioprotector.

Pentoxifylline (dropper) complements a new pharmacological cycle of drugs - hemorheological.

It restores the plastic properties of erythrocytes, prevents and reduces their deformation, which makes them easier to enter vessels with a small lumen.

This property of Pentoxifylline has a positive effect on the quality of microcirculation in tissues, like trental, this gives a favorable background for diagnosed hypoxia.

Pentoxifylline, whose instructions for use must be present in the package, the doctor prescribes to patients if they have the following diseases:

• Diabetes.
• Trophic ulcer.
• Varicose disease.
• Atherosclerosis obliterans is an ailment during which special plaques that appear in the lumen of blood vessels cause abnormal blood circulation. As a result, the arteries become blocked or narrowed.
• cases of blood poisoning.
• Bronchial asthma.
• Ischemic paralysis.
• Frostbite.
• Post-thrombotic syndrome.
• Cases of impaired blood supply to the brain.
• Male impotence in the presence of vascular genesis.
• FPI in pregnant women (in case of possible miscarriage).
• Terminally ill lungs.

The aggregation of red blood cells with this drug is reduced, they then quickly enter the space without vessels, and the organs receive an improved blood flow. The chemical composition of the substance makes the blood structure less viscous, and platelet bodies are disaggregated.

As a result, minute and stroke volumes of blood increase, and nothing happens to the frequency of heart contractions. Dilated coronary arteries contribute to an increase in the supply of necessary oxygen to the myocardium.

With the expansion of the vessels of the lungs, the blood is better filled with oxygen. The substance takes on an increase in the tone of the diaphragm and the muscles of respiration. It affects the intensification of collateral blood flow, and also increases the blood volume passing through the collateral pathways.

When using the drug, the concentration of ATP in the brain becomes greater, and the damaged areas receive an improved blood supply. This applies, for example, to stroke during ischemia. The drug has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the central nervous system.

When the peripheral arteries are affected, the remedy acts so that the distances of movement are lengthened, especially in obliterating endarteritis.

It is important to prevent unauthorized use of Pentoxifylline: a preliminary conversation with a doctor is necessary.

Any drug is characterized by certain contraindications. Pentoxifylline is no exception.

Patients unable to tolerate this remedy should not seek its help. People who have recently had a myocardial infarction or hemorrhagic stroke cannot use the drug. This category also includes patients who have porphyria, atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart and brain. People with arrhythmias, hemorrhages in the eye area, bleeding or low intra-arterial pressure are clearly forbidden to infuse the medicine intravenously.

For minor children and women at the stage of expectation of a child and the onset of lactation, the use of Pentoxifylline is not indicated. After all, it enters the milk of a nursing woman, which means it is in the body of a baby, so nursing mothers can temporarily refuse the drug or find a replacement for it.

For some patients, the doctor cautiously prescribes a remedy to avoid bleeding in the internal organs. The same applies to people with severe pathologies of the kidneys and liver. Peptic ulcer of the stomach, gastritis, unhealthy duodenum, heart failure should warn a person against rash medication.

The use of the drug Pentoxifylline is approved, the dropper of which is made in the form of a solution with sodium chloride, and biologically active additives are prescribed in parallel if they contain vitamins, glucose and herbal products.

Medicine Pentoxifylline - use and dosage

The drug Pentoxifylline is useful during pregnancy if there is a violation of blood circulation between the fetus, placenta and mother

We are talking about fetoplacental insufficiency. If you start the disease, the consequences can be unpredictable.

The doctor prescribes a medication as an exception as an angioprotector.

How Pentoxifylline works:

• The blood liquefies, the viscosity is removed, oxygen freely enters the placenta, the risks go away.
• There is an improvement in blood microcirculation.
• Expanded vessels and restored red blood cells improve the connection between mother, placenta and child.

In any case, you need to monitor the condition of the woman. Until the 20th week of pregnancy, it is better to do without Pentoxifylline. It is recommended to give the drug Pentoxifylline intravenously in the form of a dropper.

The drug Pentoxifylline according to the annotation can be used in various forms: you can take the drug in the form of tablets or put droppers with this drug.

Pentoxifylline tablet has a dosage of 100 mg. Reception of Pentoxifylline should be carried out correctly: in the first days, two tablets should be taken three times a day. Then, after a significant effect of therapeutic treatment is achieved, take one tablet three times a day. You need to drink this drug before meals.

The duration of treatment with Pentoxifylline tablets is at least one month. The main thing is to choose the right drug, as some call it pentoxifylline - how the wrong use of the name can ruin the whole treatment, the doctor can tell.

If the disease proceeds in an acute or severe form, it is advisable to prescribe the indicated drug in ampoules. In this case, Pentoxifylline is usually administered intravenously. It is also possible to inject the drug directly into the artery.

With intravenous use, the patient is given a dropper with a medication. The dosage of the drug is calculated according to the following scheme: for Pentoxifylline ampoules, a solution of sodium chloride is taken in an amount of 250 ml. This dose of the drug should be administered gradually, it will take at least 2 hours.

If the patient tolerates the drug well, the daily dose can be increased to 0.3 grams. First, 0.1 g of Pentoxifylline is injected intra-arterially, then the dose is gradually adjusted to 0.3 g. The solution is introduced without haste, in 10 minutes. The course consists of ten such procedures.

What does Pentoxifylline treat and what does it help from, analogues of the drug

What Pentoxifylline treats has already been described above. And now it is worth talking about the side effects of the drug.

Pentoxifylline, like any other pharmaceutical product, has side effects. It can cause a number of unpleasant symptoms.

The drug has a negative effect on the functioning of various organs.

The most common side effects of the drug are:

• The drug can cause changes in the activity of the central nervous system and brain activity. Dizziness, sleep problems, migraine may occur. In rare cases, the appearance of lameness of the legs when walking, convulsions and feelings of anxiety are noted.
• Pentoxifylline also affects the state of the digestive system: it can cause vomiting, nausea and diarrhea. This vasodilator drug may reduce appetite or cause a feeling of heaviness in the stomach. Sometimes there are also serious disorders on the part of the digestive organs: chronic cholecystitis worsens, the activity of hepatic transaminases increases.
• The drug affects the work of the heart: heart pain may appear, the heart rate often rises, angina pectoris occurs, and blood pressure decreases.
• Pentoxifylline can lead to changes in the hematopoietic system: the occurrence of leukopenia and platelets.
• This medication can cause allergic reactions: itching, redness of the skin.
• People who are prone to allergies need to be vigilant: the use of this medication can lead to anaphylactic shock, angioedema.
• Pentoxifylline may have adverse effects on the respiratory organs. Patients sometimes experience an exacerbation of bronchial asthma or bronchial spasms.
• The drug in some cases impairs vision, causes bleeding, since blood clotting is impaired due to the use of Pentoxifylline.

During therapy with Pentoxifylline, the condition of patients should be carefully monitored, it is imperative to donate blood for analysis. If you are allergic to this drug, you should consult with your doctor, the specialist will cancel the drug Pentoxifylline. From what the remedy helps was found out, but at the slightest manifestation of side effects it should be canceled.

Individual susceptibility to the components of Pentoxifylline is also observed. The use of the drug for a long time, the combination of taking it with the use of other medicines can also cause adverse effects.

The specialist in such a situation will decide whether to continue therapy with Pentoxifylline.

The cost of the drug depends on many factors. Pentoxifylline is produced by various companies, has a different dosage and form of release. The average price for Russian-made Pentoxifylline is about 50 rubles.

The drug can be produced under various names, but the effect of its use is always the same, because Pentoxifylline treats many diseases.

Analogues of Pentoxifylline:

• Agapurin. It is available in the form of a dragee with a dosage of 100 mg or as a solution for injection.
• Vasonite (in tablets with a dosage of 0.6 g).
• Actovegin.
• Trental. This medication can be in the form of a dragee, tablets or injection solution.

1. Feto-placental insufficiency.
2. Oxygen starvation.
3. Circulatory disorders.
4. Chronic pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
5. Risk of miscarriage.
6. Bronchial asthma.
7. Urolithiasis disease.

Pentoxifylline during pregnancy helps to significantly alleviate the clinical picture, reduce the risk of developing intrauterine diseases, give birth to a healthy baby at the scheduled time without any problems.

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Pentoxifylline during pregnancy is most often prescribed precisely because of feto-placental insufficiency, which is a very complex disease that requires urgent specialist intervention. It contributes to circulatory disorders in the placenta, which causes a lack of nutrients and oxygen. At best, the baby will be born with a developmental delay. There is a worse outcome - the death of the fetus.

Most often, the disease affects the central nervous system of the fetus, which leads to pathologies or congenital deformities. Under the influence of an acute form of the disease, a miscarriage can occur. Therefore, it is so important to identify the pathology in time and start taking pentoxifylline, which avoids negative consequences during pregnancy.

Necessary medication

Features of this drug

During pregnancy, you need to know not only what the saving pentoxifylline drips from, but also the mechanisms of its action. The medicine belongs to a group of medicines that help improve blood circulation through small blood vessels. The tool is characterized by the following mechanism of action:

• prevents platelets from sticking together;
• reduces blood viscosity;
• enhances blood circulation in the capillaries;
• contributes to the supply of tissues with oxygen.

Thus, if you are prescribed pentoxifylline nan during pregnancy, the blood vessels dilate, the heart muscle begins to contract more evenly, strongly and without increasing the frequency of contractions.

During pregnancy, you should not listen to the reviews of other pregnant women who have been prescribed pentoxifylline. The body of each woman is unique, so doctors take into account the state of health and the term of bearing the baby. For example, during the first trimester, you should try not to use any medications, because the laying of the main organs and systems of the fetal body is taking place. If they are damaged, then the child can get developmental delays.

If you were prescribed pentoxifylline during pregnancy, discuss with your doctor in more detail not only why this drug is prescribed, but also the features of treatment. The expectant mother needs to be constantly under the supervision of a specialist and notify him of the slightest changes in well-being, since the drug has many side effects. Perhaps the doctor will replace the remedy and, if pentoxifylline does not suit you during pregnancy, prescribe actovegin or other drugs.

How to take medicine correctly

To everyone who took the drug pentoxifylline during pregnancy, the doctor prescribed a certain type of this medication. It is produced in the form of tablets, dragees, ampoules for injection. If you were prescribed pentoxifylline during pregnancy, be sure to read the instructions for it. Do not prescribe your own dosage.

Each tablet contains about 100 mg of the main active ingredient Pentoxifylline, a Purine derivative. It is a white crystalline powder that dissolves in water. It is thanks to this substance that the vessels expand, the blood becomes more liquid, the risk of red blood cells sticking together and the formation of blood clots is reduced. According to the instructions for use, pentoxifylline, prescribed during pregnancy, improves blood flow and promotes oxygen saturation.

Talk to your doctor about the features of treatment with this drug.

Usually the doctor prescribes two tablets of the drug three times a day after meals. After two weeks of treatment, the dosage is reduced to one tablet per dose. Please note that the drug should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor. During pregnancy, this is especially important, because the instructions for the use of pentoxifylline indicate a large number of side effects. Let's deal with this in more detail.

Side effect of the drug

After the doctor explains why women are prescribed pentoxifylline during pregnancy, he will warn of a large number of side effects. This medication, like any other, can adversely affect the body and cause a reaction from the systems and organs.

Below are the most common problems:

• central nervous system: mood variability, headache, convulsions, anxiety, sleep disturbances, dizziness;
• digestive organs: increased activity of liver transaminases, development of cholestatic hepatitis, exacerbation of cholecystitis, diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, feeling of fullness in the stomach;
• cardiovascular system: lowering blood pressure, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, heart pain;
• organs of the hematopoietic system: angioedema, anaphylactic shock, reddening of the skin of the face, itching, symptoms of urticaria and other manifestations of allergies, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia;
• respiratory organs: respiratory failure, exacerbation of bronchial asthma, bronchospasm;
• organs of vision: disturbances of accommodation, vision;
• blood coagulation system: the appearance of bleeding.

Judging by the reviews of women who were prescribed pentoxifylline during pregnancy, side effects are not uncommon, so doctors always control the patient. During treatment with this drug, blood tests should be carried out regularly, and if the first symptoms of an allergy occur, therapy should be stopped immediately.

Side effects can occur if a large amount of medication is taken for a long time or if several drugs are treated at once. Also, a woman may suffer from individual intolerance to pentoxifylline, therefore, when a dropper or tablets are prescribed to her during pregnancy, a deterioration in well-being occurs. If you do not take action in time, there may be serious consequences.

Anna Minaeva:

She took pentoxifylline intravenously when feto-placental insufficiency was diagnosed. This is serious, so I had to be treated. In the hospital I met some mothers who were treated with this remedy. After therapy, we all had healthy babies.

Angelica Lapina:

I took pentoxifylline with the help of droppers, because during pregnancy they diagnosed a terrible feto-placental insufficiency, the reviews of which were terrible. I was very worried, but the doctor reassured me, saying that the drug is prescribed to many, and then mothers calmly give birth to children. Allegedly, this medicine provides the fetus with oxygen and helps to develop normally.

Maria Chekhova:

I took pentoxifylline tablets prescribed for my second pregnancy. I was in shock, because I gave birth to my first baby calmly, there were no complications. The doctor talked for a long time about how important this is for the baby. Treated, where to go. The birth was successful, so it was not in vain.

: Borovikova Olga

gynecologist, ultrasound doctor, geneticist

Thank you

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Pentoxifylline: description

Pentoxifylline is a modern effective means that improves microcirculation, an angioprotector and a derivative of dimethylxanthine.

Composition and form of release

Pentoxifylline is a synthetic drug, and is available in the form:
1. Pink coated tablets of 100 and 400 mg. The package contains 20 and 60 pieces.
2. Dragee 100 and 400 mg. The package contains 20 and 60 pieces.
3. Long-acting tablets of 400 and 600 mg, enteric-coated, with a division line - the package contains 50 pieces.
4. Ampoule with solution for injection. 1 ml of solution contains:

• pentoxifylline - 20 mg;
• sodium chloride - 90 mg;
• water - up to 1 ml.

Available in ampoules of 5 ml. The package contains 5 ampoules.

pharmachologic effect

Pentoxifylline belongs to a new pharmacological group of drugs - the group of hemorheological agents. The drug helps to restore the plasticity of erythrocytes, reduces their deformation, which increases their ability to penetrate into vessels, especially with a narrow lumen. This property of Pentoxifylline leads to an improvement in microcirculation in tissues, which plays a positive role in hypoxia. The drug reduces the aggregation of red blood cells, which allows them to easily penetrate into the extravascular bed, and increase the blood supply to the organs.

The agent lowers blood viscosity, causing platelet disaggregation. As a result of this, the stroke and minute volumes of blood increase, without changing the indicators of the heart rate. The expansion of the coronary arteries allows you to increase the delivery of oxygen to the myocardium, the expansion of the vessels of the lungs - to improve the filling of blood with oxygen. The tool is able to increase the tone of the respiratory muscles and diaphragm.

Under the action of Pentoxifylline, collateral circulation increases, the volume of blood flowing through the collaterals increases.

The tool increases the concentration of ATP in the brain, helps to improve blood supply in disturbed areas - for example, with ischemic stroke. The drug has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system, its functions.

With damage to the peripheral arteries, the use of this pharmacological agent leads to an increase in walking distances in diseases such as obliterating endarteritis.

A preliminary consultation with a doctor is required before taking the drug, self-medication is unacceptable.

Pharmacokinetics

Pentoxifylline has a good penetrating ability through the blood-brain barrier. With intravenous use, the half-life is about half an hour. When taken orally, the drug is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is transformed mainly in the liver, where the main metabolites of dimethylxanthine are formed. In plasma, the maximum concentration can be reached within four hours after administration, which remains at the therapeutic level for a day. The drug is excreted mainly by the kidneys (up to 95%), the excretion of the drug through the intestines is negligible. In women who are breastfeeding, the drug is excreted in breast milk.

The excretion of pentoxifylline slows down in patients with severe kidney and liver diseases, and in the elderly.

Indications for use

Currently, Pentoxifylline, as a very effective drug, is used to treat many diseases. The purpose of this drug is for diseases such as:

• atherosclerotic encephalopathy;
• arterial hypertension ;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency;
• bronchial asthma;
• ischemic stroke;
• encephalopathy;
• angioneuropathy (Raynaud's disease);
• obstructive bronchitis ;
• diabetic nephroangiopathy;
• disorders of tissue trophism;
• functional disorders of the middle and inner ear;
• intestinal dyskinesia;
• algomenorrhea;
• post-thrombophlebitic syndrome;
• circulatory disorders of the eye;
• threatened miscarriage;
• vascular impotence;
• peripheral circulatory disorders;
• trophic ulcers;
• pylorospasm;
• muscular dystrophy;
• cholecystitis;
• spasms of smooth muscles;
• gangrene, frostbite.

Instructions for use

Dosage regimen and methods of administration: tablets, injections, dropper

The drug is taken orally and parenterally, depending on the severity of the disease.

When taken orally, tablets with a dosage of 100 mg are used. Start taking, mainly, with a dose of 200 mg - 2 tablets 3 times a day after meals. Then, upon reaching a therapeutic effect, the dose is reduced, and continue to take one tablet three times a day. The course of treatment with a tablet preparation lasts a month.

In acute and severe diseases of the internal organs, pentoxifylline is prescribed in ampoules. There are two methods of drug administration: intra-arterial and intravenous.

The drug is administered intravenously in the form of a dropper. One ampoule is used per 250 ml of sodium chloride solution, or glucose solution. This dose is administered over one and a half to two hours, slowly.

The daily dose can be increased with good tolerance up to 0.2-0.3 g (according to indications).

Intra-arterially, they begin to administer with a dose of 0.1 g of the drug per 50 ml of sodium chloride solution, then - 0.2-0.3 g each.

Inject the solution slowly over 10 minutes. 10 injections are used per course.

Overdose, help

An overdose of the drug is expressed in the appearance of the following symptoms:

• weakness in the whole body;
• vomiting like "coffee grounds";

There may also be phenomena such as fainting, impaired respiratory function, anaphylactic shock. They require the provision of a complex of urgent medical care.

Overdose treatment begins with gastric lavage, the introduction of activated charcoal inside, the restoration of respiratory function and the normalization of blood pressure. In case of formidable complications, when professional help is required, it is obligatory to call an ambulance doctor. In this case, the administration of adrenaline is appropriate. With vomiting, assistance is provided in the form of a complex of urgent measures to stop gastric bleeding.

drug interaction

Pentoxifylline tends to enhance the effect of blood pressure lowering drugs, as well as drugs intended for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, insulin, if used in high doses. The hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents may be enhanced by Pentoxifylline: there is a possibility of hypoglycemic coma. Therefore, when taking these drugs at the same time, care should be taken, even reducing the dose of hypoglycemic agents.

Simultaneous use with meloxicam and ketorolac increases the possibility of bleeding. In this case, an increase in the prothrombin index is inevitable. When interacting with agents such as ganglion blockers and vasodilators, a decrease in blood pressure is possible. If Pentoxifylline is taken together with heparin and other fibrinolytic drugs, then an increase in the anticoagulant effect can be achieved.

In recent years, new areas in the use of Pentoxifylline have been explored. Currently, the positive effect of the treatment with this drug of a disease such as acute alcoholic hepatitis has been proven.

special instructions

Pentoxifylline should be used with caution in low blood pressure, bleeding tendency, duodenal ulcer, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.

Under the supervision of a doctor, the drug is indicated for severe violations of the functions of the kidneys and liver, when taking antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic agents, insulin. In these cases, adjustment of the doses of the main drugs is required.

During the period of use of this pharmacological agent, regular monitoring of blood pressure levels is necessary.

When used together with anticoagulants, monitoring of the parameters of the blood coagulation system is required.

It is advisable for older people to use small doses of the drug.
Smoking tends to reduce the effectiveness of the treatment.

When using a solution for intravenous infusion, it is necessary to check compatibility with other drugs each time. The patient should take the dropper in the supine position, with a slow rate of administration.

Use in the elderly and children

Elderly people are prescribed the drug in reduced dosages. Start taking with normal doses, and when a therapeutic effect is achieved, as a rule, reduce the dose.

Children under 18 years of age should refrain from using Pentoxifylline.

Pentoxifylline in bodybuilding

Among the various pharmacological preparations that can be used in bodybuilding, Pentoxifylline occupies a significant place. This drug improves tissue blood circulation, has a pronounced positive effect, which manifests itself 30 minutes after taking. The reviews of people who used the drug for these purposes speak of a powerful pumping that lasted several hours. But do not forget that the drug has side effects. In this regard, the use of Pentoxifylline by athletes should only be under medical supervision.

Drug analogues

Pentoxifylline is a drug that goes by many names. Its effect on the body remains unchanged.

Analogues of Pentoxifylline are:

• Agapurin: in dragee 100 mg; solution for injections of 100 mg in ampoules of 5 ml.
• Vasonite: 600 mg film-coated tablets.
• Trental: in dragee 100 mg and 400 mg; tablets of 100 mg; solution for injections of 100 mg in ampoules of 5 ml.

Trental

Trental is the original drug. Produced in pills. As a rule, the drug is prescribed for encephalopathies of various origins, in the presence of ischemic stroke, vascular disorders, and many other diseases.

Its use in otoneurology is interesting. Many patients with circulatory disorders in the vertebrobasilar system are prescribed Trental. So, for example, as a result of a study in which 60 people took part, a positive effect of using Trental in diseases of the hearing organs was revealed. It has also been shown to be effective for sensory hearing loss and other vascular lesions of the hearing aid. Due to its effectiveness, Trental is recognized as a modern universal drug. It is easily tolerated by most patients, affordable, and easy to use.

Agapurin

The solution of Agapurin contains 20 mg of pentoxifylline per 1 ml, the tablets contain either 100 mg or 400 mg of the active substance. Agapurine is a complete analogue of Pentoxifylline. Indications and contraindications are identical with the last drug.

Agapurin is taken orally, starting with one tablet three times a day. With a drop in blood pressure, the dose is reduced to one tablet 2 times a day. The course of treatment averages 20 days.

In the form of injections, the drug is used intravenously, intra-arterially, as well as in the form of infusions, stream or drip.

At the beginning of treatment with Agapurin, one ampoule is used, which is mixed with 50 ml of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. With long-term treatment, the dose can be increased to 200-300 mg. The rate of administration of the dose of Agapurin is an average of 10 minutes. The course takes 10-12 droppers daily, or every other day.

The price of the drug is from 90 to 137 rubles. Producer - Zentiva AC, Czech Republic.

Vasonite

Vasonite is an analogue of Pentoxifylline, produced by SCHWARTZ PHARMA AG.

The main form of release are long-acting tablets, in a white shell, with a separating notch on both sides. One tablet contains 600 mg of the active ingredient - pentoxifylline.

Vasonite improves the supply of tissues with blood and oxygen in disturbed areas, namely in the brain, central nervous system, lower extremities and other areas. It has the property of dilating the coronary vessels.

The drug is prescribed one tablet 2 times a day - in the morning and in the evening.
Tablets should be taken after meals with a small amount of water.
They have the same side effects as Pentoxifylline.
The price of the drug is quite high - about 330 rubles.
The shelf life is 5 years.

Pentoxifylline price

The price of the drug and its analogues depend on the manufacturer, dosage and form of release. On average, the price of the domestic drug Pentoxifylline ranges from 33 to 72 rubles.

The price of Trental ranges from 157 to 319 rubles, Agapurin costs from 90 to 137 rubles.

Pentaxim (Pentaxim)- vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugated).

Pharmacological properties

The drug belongs to the group of combined immunobiological substances, which is intended for the prevention of five infections - tetanus, the causative agent of which is anaerobic bacillus, whooping cough (acute anthroponotic airborne bacterial infection), diphtheria, poliomyelitis and hemophilic infection type b.

The composition of the vaccine includes purified diphtheria and pertussis toxoids, the introduction of which, if carried out in accordance with the treatment regimen indicated in the instructions, contributes to the formation of specific immunity, which protects against infection with diphtheria and whooping cough.

The vaccine contains tetanus toxoid adsorbed on an aluminum gel obtained by inactivating the toxin with formaldehyde.

The inactivated component of polio contains antigens of three types of the virus, and the vaccine also contains polysaccharides of hemophilic infection type b (Haemophilus influenzae - abbreviated as Hib).

Indications for use

The immunobiological preparation is effective for active primary immunization and revaccination of infants and children from the age of 2 months, against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis and hemophilic infections caused by Hib.

The vaccine is used in accordance with the official recommendations of regulatory documents for the implementation of immunization for the prevention of infectious diseases, published by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.

Vaccine Pentaxim does not protect against other species of Haemophilus influenzae.

Mode of application

Usually, vaccination and revaccination are carried out by a single administration of one dose of the drug (0.5 ml). The drug is injected intramuscularly into the upper surface of the thigh in newborns and into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder - in children older than 1 year old.

The vaccination course consists of three vaccinations, in total 3 doses of 0.5 ml each are administered. The interval is 4-6 weeks.

Vaccination does not protect against other types of Haemophilus influenzae, from meningitis caused by other pathogens.

In case of anaphylactic shock, the patient is monitored for half an hour after the injection. The office in which vaccination is carried out must be provided with drugs for anti-shock therapy.

Intravenous and intradermal administration is prohibited!

Contraindications

It is not used if the patient has hypersensitivity (allergy) to one of the components that make up the drug.

In particular, anaphylactic reactions to preparations containing diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and pertussis vaccine have been previously observed.

It is also contraindicated if the patient is diagnosed with:

• encephalopathy (coma, impaired consciousness, convulsions) for a week after vaccination, while the drug contained a pertussis component;
• progressive, uncontrolled neurological diseases, epilepsy;
• acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, exacerbations of chronic diseases - as temporary contraindications (vaccination is carried out at the stage of remission of the disease or after it has passed);
• anaphylactic reactions in the past to any vaccination or one of the components included in the composition;
• SARS, intestinal diseases, other diseases in which an increase in temperature is characteristic (in this case, the vaccine is given after recovery or after the temperature drops to the normal range).

HIV infection is not a contraindication for immunization with this vaccine.

Not applicable to children over 5 years of age.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Women of childbearing age should not receive this vaccine.

Side effects

During the administration of the vaccine, pain at the injection site often occurs, which usually disappears within 3 days.

The most common side effects are:

• fatigue (in children);
• headache (in adolescents and adults);
• temperature rise to 38°C;
• pain, swelling, redness at the injection site;
• collaptoid state in case of an allergic reaction to the administration of the drug, Quincke's edema;
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
• anorexia;
• myalgia, muscle weakness;
• swelling of the joints;
• general malaise, sleep disturbances;
• chills, shortness of breath, cough, bronchitis;
• apnea (occurs in premature babies);
• skin rash, urticaria;
• enlarged lymph nodes in the armpits;
• anaphylactic shock.

If any unusual side effects occur as a result of taking this drug, you should contact your doctor about possible changes in the treatment regimen.

Storage conditions

Shelf life no more than 3 years.

Store in a dry place, out of the reach of children, at a temperature not lower than 2 and not exceeding 8°C.

Release form

Produced in the form of a suspension for injection with a volume of 0.5 milliliters in one dose and 1 dose of Hib lyophilisate, which are mixed before use.

Compound

The main active ingredients are immunobiological components - diphtheria toxoid (at least 30 IU in 1 dose), pertussis toxoid (25 μg in 1 dose), tetanus toxoid (at least 40 IU in 1 dose), inactivated poliovirus 3 types (40, 8 and 32 D-units per dose, respectively), filamentous hemagglutinin (25 µg per dose), pertactin (8 µg), capsular polysaccharide conjugate, Hib (10 µg), covalently bound to adsorbed tetanus toxoid (18-30 µg ).

Auxiliary components - sucrose, trometamol, sodium hydroxide or acetic acid, glucose, formaldehyde, phenoxyethanol, traces of neomycin, streptomycin, etc.

The drug "Pentaksim" is available in the form of a lyophilisate for the manufacture of a suspension. The medicine is administered intramuscularly. The drug is intended to form the resistance of immunity to a number of pathologies.

Means "Pentax". Instruction. Indications

The drug is prescribed to children from the age of three months as a prophylaxis. The drug contributes to the development of the body's resistance to whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria, poliomyelitis. The instruction also recommends using the Pentaxim preparation to prevent an invasive infection provoked by Haemophilus influenzae (meningitis, septicemia, and others).

Contraindications

The drug is not recommended for progressive encephalopathy complicated by convulsions (or without them), pathologies accompanied by fever, in acute forms or in the stage of exacerbation of infectious diseases. Contraindications include an allergic reaction to the Pentaxim vaccine, observed for forty-eight hours after the previous administration of the drug. Vaccination is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Caution is shown if the patient has febrile seizures that are not associated with the administration of the drug. After the introduction of the drug, it is necessary to control the temperature of the child during the first 2 days. With hyperthermia, antipyretic drugs are allowed.

Side effects

When administered, local reactions of irritation, pain at the injection site are noted. These manifestations are observed during the first two days after vaccination. Some children have fever, drowsiness, sleep disturbance, anorexia, prolonged crying, vomiting, diarrhea. Rarely, the drug provokes a rash, urticaria, swelling (anaphylactic manifestations).

The drug "Pentax". Instructions for use

The vaccine is administered intramuscularly. Dosage - 0.5 ml. It is recommended to inject into the middle outer third of the thigh. Subcutaneous and intravenous injections are not allowed. The prepared suspension is injected immediately. The course involves three injections of one dose. Interval - 1-2 months. The first vaccination is carried out at the age of three months. The instruction recommends revaccination with Pentaxim at eighteen months.

Solution preparation

The plastic cap is removed from the vial, the suspension is injected into it with a syringe. Without removing the needle, the container is shaken until the lyophilisate is completely dissolved. The finished solution should have a whitish tint, be slightly cloudy. In the presence of foreign mechanical particles, the introduction is not carried out. The solution must be homogeneous.

Vaccination. Where to do?

Pentaxim is administered in a hospital setting. Before injecting the drug, you must make sure that there are no contraindications in the child.

additional information

In the presence of pathologies of an infectious nature, exacerbations of them or other diseases, one should wait for recovery and vaccinate if the child is in a stable condition.

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