Why you shouldn't get sick before surgery. Cold after surgery. Thyroid surgery for colds

The question of the possibility of surgical intervention under anesthesia during a cold has long been considered unresolved. Old surgical manuals did not give a clear answer to the question of whether it is possible to perform an operation with general anesthesia in the case when the patient has a runny nose, cough, sore throat and fever. Until recently, this issue was decided by the surgeon who will perform the operation, but recent studies have clearly shown the relationship of postoperative complications with a cold in a patient.

Is it necessary to postpone surgery under general anesthesia for a cold?

To date, planned surgical intervention under anesthesia is considered impossible if the patient has symptoms of a cold, flu and other acute respiratory infections. It is reliably known that anesthesia against the background of symptoms of a cold increases the likelihood of postoperative complications. What threatens the neglect of these risk factors?

Dangers of anesthesia against the background of a cold

As you know, ARVI is characterized mainly by damage to the respiratory tract and can occur in various forms - bronchitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, which are often caused by a viral infection. The respiratory tract during a cold and for some time after it is inflamed, therefore it is very sensitive to the action of external stimuli.

Long-term operations under anesthesia are accompanied by intubation, that is, the introduction of a special tube into the lumen of the trachea, which additionally irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory system. This irritation can lead to acute respiratory failure, a condition that causes a sudden drop in oxygen levels in the blood. As a result, oxygen starvation of the brain and other vital organs develops. The consequences can be very serious - after a long oxygen starvation, the cerebral cortex is damaged and the patient may not come out of anesthesia.

Warnings apply not only to the acute period of a cold - surgery is not recommended for 2-3 weeks after complete recovery. For any person, surgery is stressful, negatively affecting the immune system. A weakened body is susceptible to negative factors, so there is a risk of recurrence of an infectious disease or infection with a new one. After re-infection, a new disease will be much more severe, up to the development of severe inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia.

A chronic infectious process in the respiratory organs during general anesthesia can be complicated by the addition of opportunistic bacterial flora. Weakened immunity after SARS is not able to fight potentially dangerous microorganisms. Bacteria can be carried from the primary source of infection (tonsils, nose) into the area of surgical intervention, which threatens the development of purulent complications of the operated area.

The nasal passages during anesthesia should be free of mucus, therefore, with a severe cold, it is better to postpone the operation. With a slight manifestation of rhinitis, vasoconstrictor drops can be dripped into the nasal passages.

Operation under anesthesia and fever

Is it possible to perform the operation under anesthesia at a temperature?

The possibility of performing an operation under general anesthesia at elevated temperature is determined by many factors. It is important to differentiate the cause that caused hyperthermia, as well as to assess the level of increase in other indicators of inflammation. High temperature against the background of a cold is an absolute contraindication to surgical intervention, however, like the common cold itself.

An increase in temperature for no apparent reason to values exceeding 37.5ºС requires a more thorough diagnosis. It can be assumed that hyperthermia is associated with the underlying disease, for which the operation is planned. As for subfebrile temperatures (up to 37.5–37.8ºС), subfebrile condition is not a contraindication to surgical intervention with the use of anesthesia in the case when the patient has not been diagnosed with cold symptoms.

Summing up, we can conclude that with the development of ARVI (with a runny nose, sore throat, fever and cough), the planned surgical intervention is best done after the patient has recovered - on average, it takes 2 weeks for mild ARVI, in more severe cases - up to 4 weeks.

What to do if the day of the planned operation is scheduled, and the patient has one or both nasal passages blocked. A runny nose for people with chronic sinusitis, rhinitis is a common occurrence, but it can become an obstacle to planned, surgical intervention.

Before the operation (planned), each patient is given a bunch of referrals for testing. Referral to it after their analysis and examination of the patient by a general practitioner.

The list of what patients undergo during the preoperative examination:

blood test (detailed);
Analysis of urine;
analysis of feces for eggs of worms;
blood test for a number of diseases (HIV, hepatitis);
blood for Rh and group;
fluorography;

Before an emergency operation, when the patient's life is at stake, only the most necessary tests are taken. In special cases, they are taken when the patient is already in the operating room. The purpose of the tests is to clarify the condition, to identify the presence of foci of infection. The nose is an indicator of bacterial and viral infections. Therefore, its presence cannot be hidden from the doctor.

Preliminary preparation for surgical intervention contributes to the rapid recovery of strength after surgery.

The doctor helps to conduct the postoperative period correctly. He gives recommendations on what to eat after the operation, what exercises to do, when to start walking. Patients with chronic diseases of the heart, endocrine system and other organs are sent for an additional examination to a specialist.

Why is a runny nose dangerous for an operated patient?

You can immediately assume that the patient has an infection if the nose is periodically filled with mucus. A runny nose can be a symptom of a number of diseases:

Sinusitis (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, rhinitis).
SARS.

Infection in the body is a high probability of postoperative complications and problems during surgery. Nasal congestion cannot be hidden from the doctor and eliminated with the help of vasoconstrictor drops before visiting him. The doctor must be aware of the problem. Today, any signs of a cold become a reason for canceling the operation.

Surgery is performed under anesthesia and a runny nose can lead to a number of negative consequences during the operation:

breathing problems;
allergic reactions to anesthesia;
the patient takes a long time to recover from anesthesia.

Any inflammation is accompanied by an increase in the patient may suffer from headaches, coughing fits, a feeling of weakness. High temperature is an additional reason for postponing surgery.

Complications

Runny nose - a protective reaction of the body to infection. During a surgical intervention in a person, against the background of stress, the immune system weakens, the infection can spread throughout the body, leading to suppuration of the sutures. Due to a weakened immune system, a person’s vital organs can be affected by an infection:

heart;
lungs;
kidneys.

Therefore, a patient with a runny nose is operated on only if this is an emergency intervention and delay can be fatal. In all planned operations, a runny nose is unacceptable. The patient is prescribed appropriate therapy, designed to eliminate inflammation of the mucosa. The patient is operated on only when the nasal passages are constantly blocked due to chronic rhinitis (sinusitis) and the treatment of the common cold does not give the desired result.

In an ordinary case, a second day of surgery is prescribed 2 weeks after complete recovery. The patient is scheduled for retesting. This approach reduces the risk of postoperative complications.

Prevention

When planning an operation, it is necessary to remember about preventive measures that can prevent unwanted runny nose:

drink vitamins;
during an epidemic, drink "Arbidol" or another immunostimulant;
regularly carry out tempering procedures (pouring, contrast showers, walks);

fall vaccinated against influenza;
during outbreaks of acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, influenza, wear a mask in crowded places (shopping centers, schools, cinemas).

Strengthening the immune system, the general improvement of the body helps to recover faster after surgery. Good health reduces the risk of complications.

As a rule, the decision to bring surgery for a cold is made in each individual case individually.

The surgeon and anesthesiologist are responsible for the decision, depending on the patient's condition and the state of his immune system.

For some, a cold and a runny nose, for example, is not considered a serious hindrance to an operation that uses general anesthesia.

The fact is that doing an operation, even a laparoscopy, for example, in such a painful condition, is to expose the patient to the risk of a long postoperative recovery.

Anesthesia and cold complications

First of all, the danger of colds causes the use of anesthesia. Moreover, it can be both a catarrhal operation and any other.

The problem is that there is a risk of disrupting the patient's respiratory rhythm, with problems with the respiratory tract, and sometimes cardiac arrest is recorded. This is all general anesthesia, with local anesthesia there are not always such complications.

And all this increases the risk of complications in the postoperative period.

Decreased immunity

It is also worth mentioning here that any surgical intervention, whether it is cataract removal or another operation, is always a serious stress for the body and for its protective functions, which are reduced,

As a result of such intervention, there is not only a drop in immunity, but also a loss of their ability to cope with viruses and bacteria. And given that we are talking about the possibility of doing an operation for the flu, you can imagine what a "space" this is for the ARVI virus.

In addition, in the postoperative period, ARVI can become a catalyst for additional complications in the form of various infectious diseases.

The infection, which before the operation, was distributed only in the larynx, after it can spread further, causing an inflammatory process.

In principle, all these points lead to the fact that doctors recommend surgery after a cold and runny nose, sinusitis or tonsillitis have been cured.

On the other hand, a cold and a runny nose cannot be an obstacle to urgent operations that are vital.

Preparing for the operation

As for the immediate preparation for the operation, here it is necessary to do everything that the doctor recommends. If it is possible to calmly cure colds, then this must be done.

It will be necessary to pass some tests that will be relevant not only to the future operation, but also to the current state of health.

On these grounds, the doctor will determine how ready the patient is to accept anesthesia and how fast surgery is necessary.

A prerequisite is to tell the doctor about all the drugs that are taken to treat colds and flu, any pills for the common cold. sprays and inhalations - all this should be provided in the information to the doctor.

What tests should be done before surgery

Blood analysis.
Ultrasound of internal organs.

Epidural anesthesia during childbirth

Epidural anesthesia in "mom" circles is commonly called an epidural. Although the phenomenon is new, it is very popular and, judging by the reviews, “saving”. Who gave birth with an epidural - in complete delight, who did not give birth at all and is afraid of childbirth like fire - also for her, who gave birth successfully without pain and anesthesia - as usual: neither "for" nor "against". However, every woman still needs to know what epidural anesthesia is. with what and how it is eaten.

An epidural is a must...

Definitely, the woman in labor herself decides whether to inject or not inject the “magic” injection. Usually, a woman decides what to do, long before giving birth. After all, there are no strict medical indications for epidural anesthesia. Usually it is used only for severe pain during vaginal delivery. It can also be used instead of general anesthesia for caesarean section. It is believed that it is better if the operation takes place with the full consciousness of the mother, naturally without pain. An epidural is also used for postpartum procedures.

Many women, without even feeling labor pains, deliberately plan to anesthetize the process of contractions. It is easy to say that this is a female whim, but doctors assure that if a woman is catastrophically afraid of childbirth, then even small pain sensations can cause stress not only for her, but also for an unborn baby. And the stressful course of childbirth cannot bring anything good. That is why obstetricians-gynecologists do not dissuade "shy" mothers from epidurals.

Women who have given birth using epidural anesthesia are absolutely no different from those who have given birth, as they say, in a “natural” way. They felt contractions, and the fact that the pain was minimal was only a plus, because only positive emotions remained from the birth process. Psychologists say that after an “epidural birth”, women are more likely to agree to a second birth.

Epidural anesthesia during childbirth: contraindications

Every person who is preparing to undergo surgery asks the question of whether it is possible to perform surgery for a cold. None of the books on medicine provides a clear answer to this. Nowadays, the surgeon and anesthesiologist make this decision independently. Indeed, some believe that a runny nose and cough is not a disease, but a minor ailment that cannot affect the outcome of the operation.

In each case, it is worth considering whether it is safe to perform an operation and give anesthesia to a person who suffers from acute viral infections (colds, tonsillitis, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases). Modern studies, which have been repeatedly conducted by medical scientists, have proven that the implementation of surgical intervention in this condition can lead to serious postoperative complications and a long recovery period.

Complications after anesthesia for a cold

There have been cases when, during an operation, a person's heart could stop or the respiratory rhythm would go astray. This not only hinders the further work of the team of surgeons, but also endangers the life of the patient.

It is considered safe to receive anesthesia a month or a half after the illness of SARS.

Surgical intervention of any complexity is a very big stress for the human body. As a result of this, the immune system suffers greatly, it weakens and cannot independently cope with its main function: to protect the human body from the effects of viruses and bacteria. The weakening of the system can cause the appearance of additional infectious diseases, which can worsen the patient's condition several times. Therefore, it is best to control your health and take timely measures to treat and prevent colds.

If a person's infection has been progressing for quite a long time, then the operation will only aggravate the situation.

When preparing, an important point is the signing and familiarization with the documents that explain in detail the essence of the operation, the stages of its implementation, as well as all sorts of complications.

When a patient suffers from some kind of chronic disease, for example, has heart problems, diabetes, diseases of the stomach and intestines, you should definitely consult with a specialist. Perhaps he will offer to undergo additional examinations and pass more tests. Based on all this, the specialist will be able to draw a conclusion: whether it is necessary to slightly correct the patient’s state of health or whether his body will be able to cope with the upcoming stress and load. You should not refuse additional treatment, because it is necessary for your well-being in the postoperative period.

If, however, the operation is prescribed, then a prerequisite for surgical intervention is a thorough examination of the work of the entire body system. To do this, you need to take blood and urine tests, undergo an ultrasound examination, check the work of the heart (ECG) and much more. At the consultation, the doctor is obliged to give you a list of tests that you will have to pass.

Test results are usually up-to-date for several days. Forms must be dated and stamped.

general urine analysis;
determination of blood group and Rh factor;
fluorography, which is valid for one year;
blood clotting index;
blood glucose test.

If you have saved previous tests, it is best to take them with you. This will allow the doctor to determine the dynamics of the course of the disease and the state of your health.

Herbal treatment for colds

According to the accepted classification, rhinitis is divided into:

Chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa can be catarrhal, hypertrophic and atrophic.

Why does a runny nose occur?

When cold air is inhaled in the nose, the blood vessels alternately constrict and expand, which leads to the development of reflex swelling. Edema, in turn, makes nasal breathing difficult and negatively affects the functional activity of the secretory glands. Hence - dryness and irritation, which are manifested by symptoms such as itching and sneezing.

Treatment of rhinitis with folk remedies

Calendula. This medicinal plant has pronounced antibacterial (disinfectant) and anti-inflammatory properties. Calendula infusions also have a mild sedative effect.
eucalyptus leaves contain substances that increase local immunity. The pleasant-smelling extract of this plant is often recommended for inhalation with a cold.
Aloe vera juice- has anti-inflammatory properties and improves immunity. It can be used to instill in the nose with a cold.
Kalanchoe- accelerates the regeneration (recovery) of tissues and relieves inflammation. The juice of the plant is used for instillation into the nasal passages.

Gives a good effect:

instillation with beetroot juice (2 drops in each nostril - 3 times a day);
taking infusions from the collection, which includes oak bark (30 gr.), rowan fruits (20 gr.), skumpia leaves (20 gr.), mint leaves (5 gr.), sage leaves (5 gr.), horsetail (15 gr.). To prepare it, pour 2 tablespoons of a mixture of herbs with one glass of water, bring to a boil and boil for 10 minutes, after which they insist for an hour. The resulting infusion is used to wash the sinuses twice a day.

Note: as an "emergency aid" for a runny nose, an effective vasoconstrictor drug "Pinosol" can be recommended. It contains pine essential oils.

Treatment of atrophic rhinitis with folk remedies

With atrophic rhinitis in children and adults, sage and walnut leaves, as well as calendula flowers, are especially effective. Infusions based on these plant substrates are indicated for inhalation and nasal lavage.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis at home

Allergic rhinitis requires the use of plants that have more or less pronounced desensitizing properties, that is, capable of reducing the body's reactivity. Such a biological substance as chamazulene has antiallergic properties. It is present, in particular, in wild rosemary and yarrow. Other herbs recommended for allergic rhinitis include burdock, blackhead, barberry, horseradish, dandelion, tricolor violet, lavender, sweet clover, string, nutmeg, dill, and licorice.

Recipe for a soothing infusion for the treatment of allergic rhinitis:

Take 20 grams of hop cones and pour 1 cup of boiling water.
Take a third cup 3 times a day.

From natural sedative (soothing) agents, alcohol or vodka tinctures of the root and flowers of the narrow-leaved peony are shown. They need to be taken 15-60 drops in the morning and evening. Another recipe for an allergic rhinitis remedy:

Squeeze the juice from the resulting mass through cheesecloth.
Dilute the juice with water in a ratio of 1: 1, put the resulting liquid on a slow fire and bring to a boil.
Cool and take the drug for 3 tbsp. l. 2 times a day (in the morning and afternoon hours) half an hour before meals. The course of treatment is 30-45 days.

Recipe for raspberry decoction for the treatment of allergic rhinitis at home:

50 grams of dried raspberry roots pour 0.5 liters of water, bring to a boil and simmer for 30-40 minutes.
geranium;
eucalyptus;
caraway.

Note: essential oils should be used with caution, since these herbal remedies have a high biological activity and can provoke the development of an allergic reaction.

wild rosemary herbs;
calamus rhizomes;

Important: pregnant women with a runny nose should be treated with extreme caution with herbs. Topical application in the form of drops or inhalations is relatively safe, but when taking decoctions and infusions inside, these herbal remedies have a systemic effect. Some plants are categorically contraindicated during the period of bearing a baby, since biologically active components can lead to undesirable consequences for the fetus or cause premature birth.

Treatment of the common cold in children

For the treatment of rhinitis in children at home, it is well suited:

Kalanchoe juice. It can be purchased at the pharmacy network or obtained from a fresh plant yourself. For instillation, the pharmaceutical preparation should be diluted with boiled water (or water for injection) in a ratio of 1:1. The procedure is recommended to be carried out periodically with an interval of 3-4 hours. The effect is not immediate; reduction of puffiness is noted after 20 minutes. At first, rhinorrhea (fluid separation) increases somewhat, but soon decreases significantly.

For inhalation using a conventional atomizer, traditional medicine advocates recommend using a warm infusion based on coltsfoot leaves. You can also use water infusions of chamomile, sage, yarrow and St. John's wort for spraying. For temporary relief of nasal breathing, children are shown nasal instillation with ephedra infusion - 3-5 drops in each nostril. It is not recommended to repeat the procedure more than 3 times a day.

The question of whether it is possible to perform surgery if the patient has a cold still does not have an exact and single answer.

However, everything is not so clear, and often doctors refuse to perform an operation that requires general anesthesia if the patient during this period has:

In addition, the likelihood of postoperative complications increases if the patient has a runny nose and flu, the body is in any case susceptible to the virus.

Thus, in case of a cold, surgical intervention necessarily requires a comprehensive examination of the patient, and only after that, it is possible to give, or not, permission for the operation.

It's important to know!

It is not safe to perform anesthesia when:

Thus, cataract removal is associated with a real danger in case of a cold, however, like any other operation.

In this case, cataract surgery is prescribed at least a month after the patient has had ARVI.

In addition, it is recommended, if possible, to eliminate and level problems with the respiratory tract as much as possible. Here the main problem is that the body cannot adequately take some drugs in a weakened state. And anesthesia, thus, becomes quite a dangerous event.

As for the direct danger, here we can say that even cataract removal, not to mention more complex operations, can lead to an allergic reaction and respiratory failure.

We can also recall chronic colds, for example, which often become an insoluble problem during an operation. The fact is that surgical intervention in this case will only aggravate the course of the disease.

What is worth knowing:

In some cases, SARS can contribute to prolonged healing of the surgical suture.
When an infection enters the wound, suppuration can be observed.

The data is extremely important, since anesthesia and some drugs are simply incompatible, in which case the drugs will have to be canceled and replaced.

If the operation, despite the cold, is nevertheless prescribed, and the patient is expected to undergo general anesthesia, it is necessary to pass certain tests and conduct hardware studies.

Analysis of urine.
EKG - heart rate check.

And Elena Malysheva in the video in this article will popularly tell you how to treat a cold, which will help you quickly get rid of the disease if there is a need for surgery.

Can I have surgery if I have a cold?

Therefore, before the operation, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination of the whole body in order to be sure that there are no contraindications and the surgeon can safely do his job.

It is unsafe to administer anesthesia to a patient during an operation when he is sick with rhinitis, pharyngitis or a common cold.

If there are serious problems with the respiratory system, then it is better to get rid of them in advance. Otherwise, the body in such a weak state may not respond adequately to the drugs that are used for anesthesia. Allergic reactions, respiratory failure may occur, which creates a high risk for the patient to earn severe complications after the operation.

An infection that was localized before the operation, for example, in the larynx, nose, can then spread and cause severe inflammatory processes. Also, the infection can get on the wound, due to which suppuration will begin and the healing process will take a longer period. Only on the basis of the tests performed, the doctor will be able to conclude whether the person has fully recovered or still needs additional treatment. In any case, remember that you should not rush in such situations. This directly affects your health and future life. Of course, this does not apply to urgent operations. which are vital.

How to properly prepare for the operation

It is very important to discuss with your doctor how to behave properly after the operation, what food you can eat, what clothes are best to wear, what kind of physical activity you can do.

Be sure to tell your doctor about any medications you are taking. There are times when some of them need to be canceled (due to incompatibility with anesthesia drugs) or when you just need to slightly change the course of treatment.

What tests are given before the operation

general blood analysis;
blood chemistry;
tests for AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis B and C;

Epidural anesthesia is performed only before the onset of attempts, during the period of painful contractions, because its main purpose is to block pain, while the woman feels contractions and, which is important, remains conscious.

The puncture site (injection) is the epidural space of the spine (where the spinal cord ends). With the help of a needle, a catheter is attached to the back, through which as many injections are administered as it is safe and necessary for the "suffering" woman in labor. The local anesthetic blocks the nerve impulses that send pain signals to the brain. And after 20 minutes you will not feel any pain, and sometimes the entire lower part of your body.

In addition to the fact that this anesthesia alleviates “cramping” pains, it also reduces the period of cervical dilatation and does not affect the newborn at all, because the drug enters the child’s blood in very small doses.

Most often, an epidural is offered for severe gestosis, fetoplacental insufficiency, arterial hypertension, diseases of the respiratory system, severe heart defects, and other conditions.

...or a whim?

However, not every woman can use such a seductive analgesic method. Epidural anesthesia has multiple contraindications, which must be taken into account during childbirth, otherwise there is a big risk of getting the opposite effect: instead of facilitating, cause complications.

Contraindications for epidural anesthesia are:

A runny nose is a stuffy nose, accompanied by secretions. It appears as a result of pathological (inflammatory) changes in the mucous membranes of the nose. The inflammation itself, described in the medical literature as rhinitis, may be the result of exposure to infectious agents (viruses or bacteria), hypothermia, or exposure to allergens. The cause of rhinitis is often even a change in hormonal levels.

Rhinitis classification

infectious (acute and chronic);
non-infectious (allergic and neurovegetative).

Under the action of pathogens, a local inflammatory response occurs. Blood flow to the area of inflammation increases, as a result of which the secretory glands are activated and transparent, watery discharge appears. For ARI, a viscous yellow-green discharge is also very characteristic. Allergens (often plant pollen) can also cause swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose.

Rhinitis itself is not dangerous, so the treatment of the common cold is most often carried out at home. Only complications of prolonged rhinitis (in particular, sinusitis) can pose a significant threat. Often with a cold, herbal treatment is indicated.

If nasal congestion is observed with colds and infectious diseases, it is recommended to use medicinal plants that are characterized by antibacterial, tonic and cleansing properties. Herbal preparations in the treatment of rhinitis can be applied externally (topically, for instillation into the nose) and for inhalation, as well as taken orally. note : along with herbal remedies, bee products (honey and propolis) are also widely used to get rid of the common cold.

The most effective herbal remedies in the treatment of the common cold

For the treatment of rhinitis at home are especially useful:

Olive oil. It softens the inflamed mucous membrane and helps to reduce swelling.
Hypericum perforatum herb- contributes to an increase in the overall resistance of the body, helps to fight pathogenic microflora and significantly reduces the severity of symptoms of inflammation.
Roots and rhizomes of bergenia thick-leaved- used for the preparation of phytopreparations (powders), which are applied topically in chronic forms of rhinitis.
Ephedra two spikelets. From the green shoots of ephedra dvukhkoloskovoy with a cold, vasoconstrictor drugs are prepared for symptomatic therapy.

Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis

If a watery (serous) fluid profusely leaves the nose, this is an indication for the use of herbal remedies with astringent properties. To treat this form of rhinitis at home, take 12 grams of dried duckweed and 1 glass of water. Bring to a boil over low heat, cool and strain. Drink a third of a glass 3 times a day half an hour before meals. In the absence of the expected positive effect after 4 days of treatment, it is advisable to increase the dosage by 2 times.

instillation with birch sap;
lubrication of the nasal mucosa with 10% walnut leaf ointment prepared on the basis of petroleum jelly;

The vasomotor form of rhinitis can also be treated with herbs such as yarrow, peppermint, chamomile and St. John's wort. For oral administration, medicinal tinctures based on eleutherococcus, leuzea, ginseng, lure, evading peony and Rhodiola rosea are useful.

Infuse for 15-20 minutes, then cool and strain.
Take freshly harvested dandelions, cut off the roots, and pass all the aerial parts of the plant through a meat grinder or chop with a knife.
Ready broth to drink 2 tbsp. l. Three times during the day. Continue course treatment until the symptoms of allergic rhinitis disappear.

Celery and black currants for rhinitis of allergic origin are useful to eat raw.

Inhalations for rhinitis

With a runny nose, herbal treatment may include "classic" steam inhalations with extracts from plants. Extracts of the following medicinal plants containing essential oils are added to boiling water:

mint;
coniferous trees (fir, pine);
thyme;
lavender;

In addition, self-prepared aqueous infusions of plants containing phytoncides (substances with pronounced antimicrobial activity) can be added to the water for inhalation. Recommended infusions and decoctions from:

poplar buds;
elecampane roots;
oregano herbs;
eucalyptus leaves;
heather herbs.
Onion or garlic juice. Treatment of a runny nose with folk remedies also involves instillation of onion or garlic juice diluted with water into the nasal passages. It is important that the child's eyes are closed during the procedure - this will help to avoid additional discomfort associated with irritation of the mucous membrane of the eyes. It is recommended to bury the juice of these plants, which have strong bactericidal properties, no more than 3 times a day.
Geranium or calendula juice. 3-4 times during the day, you can also instill the juice of calendula or bloody geranium. Purchased calendula juice in vials is too concentrated and requires a 1:4 dilution.

If a child suffers from a chronic runny nose, it is advisable to use black nightshade juice topically for home treatment - 2 drops in each nasal passage three times a day. Therapy in this case should be a course: the recommended duration is 1 week. You will find several additional folk recipes used in the treatment of the common cold in this video review:

Plisov Vladimir Alexandrovich, phytotherapist

Anesthesia for dental treatment

Surely, representatives of the older generation are familiar with situations when going to the dentist was not without fear and trembling. And the reason is that drilling problematic teeth with old drills without anesthesia was a real test of courage. Only a few could withstand it. Therefore, today the achievement of dentistry is the use of different types of anesthesia for dental treatment. This allows you not to delay filling, healing small holes and other problems. So, we will learn more about the features of the use of anesthesia for different categories of patients.

Pros and cons of anesthesia

In our time, anesthesia in the treatment of teeth is used quite often. In this way, dentists' patients ensure a relaxed stay in the dental chair. Local anesthesia is called anesthesia. Usually this manipulation is done like this: they lubricate the gums with an anesthetic gel or spray them with a lidocaine spray. So the gum is relieved of sensitivity. This type of anesthesia is called application. It is used to relieve pain from an injection, when cleaning tartar, removing loose teeth.

Another type of anesthesia is infiltration, that is, simply put, an injection. They manipulate with a needle that is twice as thin as the standard ones. And if at the same time the doctor applied anesthesia at the beginning, then the patient will not feel pain at all. An injection is made in the gum, the tooth is frozen and then after a certain time the dentist treats it.

The undoubted advantage of anesthesia is the absolute absence of pain during dental treatment. It is effective when it is necessary to perform a small amount of dental manipulations.

The disadvantages of local anesthesia are allergic reactions. If a person is allergic to certain drugs, then local anesthesia should not be used.

Its use is also contraindicated in people with cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure, diabetes mellitus and blood clotting disorders. Another disadvantage of local anesthesia is time constraints. The doctor must do all the procedures within two hours, because after that the anesthesia no longer works. Its repeated introduction is not desirable.

The question of the possibility of performing surgical intervention under anesthesia during a cold period was considered unresolved for a long time. The old surgical manuals did not give an accurate answer to the question of whether it is possible to perform the procedure with the use of general anesthesia if the patient has a runny nose, cough, sore throat and fever. Until recently, this issue was decided by the surgeon who will perform the procedure, but recent studies have clearly revealed the relationship of postoperative complications with a cold in a patient.

The effect of anesthesia on a sick body

As you know, ARVI is characterized by damage mainly to the respiratory tract and can take place in
various forms - bronchitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, which are often caused directly by a viral infection.

The respiratory tract during a cold and for a certain time after it is inflamed, for this reason it is very susceptible to the effects of external stimuli. Long procedures under anesthesia are accompanied by
intubation, that is, the introduction of a special tube into the lumen of the trachea, which in addition irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory system. Such irritation can cause acute
respiratory failure - a condition after which the level of oxygen in the blood drops sharply.

As a result, oxygen starvation of the brain and other vital organs develops. The results can be very serious - after prolonged oxygen starvation, a layer of the brain is damaged and the patient may not come out of anesthesia.

Warnings apply not only to the acute period of a cold - surgery is not recommended for 2-3 weeks after an absolute recovery. For any person, the procedure is considered stressful, negatively affecting the immune system. Depleted body
exposed to negative conditions, for this reason there is a risk of recurrence of an infectious disease or infection with a new one. After a secondary infection, a new disease will be much more difficult, up to the development of severe inflammatory diseases, for example, pneumonia.

A chronic infectious process in the respiratory organs during general anesthesia can be exacerbated by the addition of opportunistic bacterial flora. Weakened immunity after SARS is not able to fight potentially unsafe microorganisms. It is possible for bacteria to enter from the primary source of infection (tonsils, nose) into the area of surgical intervention, which threatens the development of purulent complications of the operated area.

The nasal passages during anesthesia should be free of mucus, for this reason, with a severe cold, it is better to postpone the operation. With a slight manifestation of rhinitis, vasoconstrictor drops can be dripped into the nasal passages.

The likelihood of performing an operation under general anesthesia at an elevated temperature is due to a large number of conditions. It is important to differentiate the cause that caused hyperthermia, as well as to assess the degree of increase in other indicators of inflammation. Significant temperature against the background of a cold
disease is considered an absolute contraindication to surgical intervention, however, like the common cold itself.

An increase in temperature in the absence of obvious factors to values exceeding 37.5 C requires the most thorough diagnosis. It is possible to assume that hyperthermia is associated with
underlying disease for which surgery is planned. As for subfebrile temperature values (up to 37.5–37.8 C), in this case, subfebrile condition is not a contraindication to timely intervention with the use of anesthesia if the patient has not been diagnosed with signs of a cold.

Possible consequences

General anesthesia has side effects:

nausea;
confusion;
dizziness;
shiver;
muscle pain.

In a third of all cases, anesthesia provokes nausea, so after getting out of anesthesia, you should not get out of bed for some time and eat or drink water.

Doctors believe that any planned operation cannot be carried out with a cold, as this can cause problems with the respiratory system. Also during the operation, a person's immunity drops, which gives a huge "space" for the ARVI virus. In the postoperative period, SARS can cause various infectious diseases.

In no case should you hide from the doctor that you are ill. The doctor should be aware of this, since today any cold becomes a reason for canceling the operation. However, if this emergency intervention and delay can lead to the death of a person, then the patient is operated on. In all planned operations, a runny nose is unacceptable. The operation is carried out only 2 weeks after recovery or more, depending on the complexity of the disease.

Conclusion

From all this we conclude that the operation under anesthesia, if a person has a runny nose or fever, can be performed only in emergency cases, in other cases, the operation is postponed until the body is fully restored.

Very often anesthesia scares people even more than the operation itself. They are afraid of the unknown, possible discomfort when falling asleep and waking up, and numerous talks about the consequences of anesthesia that are harmful to health. Especially if it's all about your child. What is modern anesthesia? And how safe is it for the child's body?

In most cases, we only know about anesthesia that the operation under its influence is painless. But in life it may happen that this knowledge is not enough, for example, if the issue of an operation for your child is decided. What do you need to know about anesthesia?

anesthesia, or general anesthesia, is a time-limited drug effect on the body, in which the patient is in an unconscious state when painkillers are administered to him, followed by the restoration of consciousness, without pain in the operation area. Anesthesia may include giving the patient artificial respiration, providing muscle relaxation, setting up droppers to maintain the constancy of the internal environment of the body with the help of infusion solutions, control and compensation of blood loss, antibiotic prophylaxis, prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and so on. All actions are aimed at ensuring that the patient undergoes surgery and "wakes up" after the operation, without experiencing a state of discomfort.

Types of anesthesia

Depending on the method of administration, anesthesia is inhalation, intravenous and intramuscular. The choice of anesthesia method lies with the anesthesiologist and depends on the patient's condition, on the type of surgical intervention, on the qualifications of the anesthesiologist and the surgeon, etc., because different general anesthesia can be prescribed for the same operation. The anesthesiologist can mix different types of anesthesia, achieving the ideal combination for a given patient.

Narcosis is conditionally divided into "small" and "large", it all depends on the number and combination of drugs of different groups.

The "small" anesthesia includes inhalation (hardware-mask) anesthesia and intramuscular anesthesia. With hardware-mask anesthesia, the child receives an anesthetic in the form of an inhalation mixture with spontaneous breathing. Painkillers administered by inhalation to the body are called inhalation anesthetics (Ftorotan, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane). This type of general anesthesia is used for low-traumatic, short-term operations and manipulations, as well as for various types of research, when it is necessary to turn off the child's consciousness for a short time. Currently, inhalation anesthesia is most often combined with local (regional) anesthesia, since it is not effective enough in the form of mononarcosis. Intramuscular anesthesia is now practically not used and is becoming a thing of the past, since the anesthesiologist absolutely cannot control the effect of this type of anesthesia on the patient's body. In addition, the drug, which is mainly used for intramuscular anesthesia - Ketamine - according to the latest data, is not so harmless to the patient: it turns off long-term memory for a long time (almost six months), interfering with full-fledged memory.

"Big" anesthesia is a multicomponent pharmacological effect on the body. It includes the use of such drug groups as narcotic analgesics (not to be confused with drugs), muscle relaxants (drugs that temporarily relax skeletal muscles), hypnotics, local anesthetics, infusion solutions and, if necessary, blood products. Medicines are administered both intravenously and inhaled through the lungs. The patient undergoes artificial lung ventilation (ALV) during the operation.

Are there any contraindications?

There are no contraindications to anesthesia, except for the refusal of the patient or his relatives from anesthesia. At the same time, many surgical interventions can be performed without anesthesia, under local anesthesia (pain relief). But when we talk about the patient's comfortable condition during the operation, when it is important to avoid the psycho-emotional and physical, anesthesia is necessary, that is, the knowledge and skills of an anesthesiologist are needed. And it is not at all necessary that anesthesia in children is used only during operations. Anesthesia may be required for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic measures, where it is necessary to remove anxiety, turn off consciousness, allow the child not to remember unpleasant sensations, the absence of parents, a long forced position, a dentist with shiny instruments and a drill. Wherever a child's peace of mind is needed, an anesthesiologist is needed - a doctor whose task is to protect the patient from operational stress.

Before a planned operation, it is important to take into account the following point: if the child has a concomitant pathology, then it is desirable that the disease is not exacerbated. If a child has been ill with an acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), then the recovery period is at least two weeks, and it is advisable not to carry out planned operations during this period of time, since the risk of postoperative complications increases significantly and breathing problems may occur during the operation, because a respiratory infection in primarily affects the respiratory tract.

Before the operation, the anesthesiologist will definitely talk with you on abstract topics: where the child was born, how he was born, whether he was vaccinated and when, how he grew up, how he developed, what he was ill with, whether he will examine the child, get acquainted with the medical history, scrupulously study all the tests . He will tell you what will happen to your child before the operation, during the operation and in the immediate postoperative period.

Some terminology

Premedication- psycho-emotional and drug preparation of the patient for the upcoming operation, begins a few days before surgery and ends immediately before the operation. The main task of premedication is to relieve fear, reduce the risk of developing allergic reactions, prepare the body for the upcoming stress, and calm the child. Medicines can be administered by mouth as a syrup, as a spray into the nose, intramuscularly, intravenously, and also in the form of microenemas.

Vein catheterization- placing a catheter in a peripheral or central vein for repeated administration of intravenous medications during surgery. This manipulation is performed before the operation.

Artificial lung ventilation (ALV)- a method of delivering oxygen to the lungs and further to all tissues of the body using a ventilator. During the operation, temporarily relaxing the skeletal muscles, which is necessary for intubation. Intubation- introduction of an incubation tube into the lumen of the trachea for artificial lung ventilation during surgery. This manipulation by the anesthetist is aimed at ensuring the delivery of oxygen to the lungs and protecting the patient's airways.

Infusion therapy- intravenous administration of sterile solutions to maintain the constancy of the water and electrolyte balance of the body of the volume of circulating blood through the vessels, to reduce the consequences of surgical blood loss.

Transfusion therapy- intravenous administration of drugs made from the patient's blood or donor's blood (erythrocyte mass, fresh frozen plasma, etc.) to compensate for irreparable blood loss. Transfusion therapy is an operation for the forced introduction of foreign matter into the body, it is used according to strict vital indications.

Regional (local) anesthesia- a method of anesthetizing a certain part of the body by bringing a solution of a local anesthetic (pain medication) to large nerve trunks. One of the options for regional anesthesia is epidural anesthesia, when a local anesthetic solution is injected into the paravertebral space. This is one of the most technically complex manipulations in anesthesiology. The simplest and most well-known local anesthetics are Novocaine and Lidocaine, and the modern, safe and longest acting one is Ropivacaine.

Preparing a child for anesthesia

The most important is the emotional sphere. It is not always necessary to tell the child about the upcoming operation. The exception is cases when the disease interferes with the child and he consciously wants to get rid of it.

The most unpleasant thing for parents is a hungry pause, i.e. six hours before anesthesia, you can’t feed a child, four hours you can’t even drink water, and water is understood as a transparent, non-carbonated liquid, odorless and tasteless. A newborn who is on can be fed for the last time four hours before anesthesia, and for a child who is on, this period is extended to six hours. The fasting pause will avoid such a complication during the onset of anesthesia as aspiration, i.e. entry of the contents of the stomach into the respiratory tract (this will be discussed later).

Do an enema before surgery or not? The patient's intestines must be emptied before the operation so that during the operation, under the influence of anesthesia, involuntary stool discharge does not occur. Moreover, this condition must be observed during operations on the intestines. Usually, three days before the operation, the patient is prescribed a diet that excludes meat products and foods containing vegetable fiber, sometimes a laxative is added to this on the day before the operation. In this case, an enema is not needed unless requested by the surgeon.

In the arsenal of the anesthesiologist, there are many devices to divert the attention of the child from the upcoming anesthesia. These are breathing bags with the image of different animals, and face masks with the smell of strawberries and oranges, these are ECG electrodes with the image of cute muzzles of favorite animals - that is, everything for a comfortable falling asleep for a child. But still, parents should be next to the child until he falls asleep. And the baby should wake up next to the parents (if the child is not transferred to the intensive care unit after the operation).

During the operation

After the child has fallen asleep, anesthesia deepens to the so-called "surgical stage", at which the surgeon begins the operation. At the end of the operation, the "strength" of anesthesia decreases, the child wakes up.

What happens to the child during the operation? He sleeps without experiencing any sensations, in particular pain. The condition of the child is assessed clinically by the anesthesiologist - by skin, visible mucous membranes, eyes, he listens to the lungs and heartbeat of the child, monitoring (observation) of the work of all vital organs and systems is used, if necessary, laboratory express tests are performed. Modern monitoring equipment allows you to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide, inhalation anesthetics in the inhaled and exhaled air, blood oxygen saturation in percentage terms, the degree of sleep depth and the degree of pain relief, the level of muscle relaxation, the possibility of conducting a pain impulse along the nerve trunk and much, much more. The anesthetist conducts infusion and, if necessary, transfusion therapy, in addition to drugs for anesthesia, antibacterial, hemostatic, and antiemetic drugs are administered.

Getting out of anesthesia

The period of recovery from anesthesia lasts no more than 1.5-2 hours, while the drugs administered for anesthesia are in effect (not to be confused with the postoperative period, which lasts 7-10 days). Modern drugs can reduce the period of recovery from anesthesia to 15-20 minutes, however, according to the established tradition, the child should be under the supervision of an anesthetist for 2 hours after anesthesia. This period may be complicated by dizziness, nausea and vomiting, pain in the area of the postoperative wound. In children of the first year of life, the usual sleep and wakefulness pattern may be disturbed, which is restored within 1-2 weeks.

The tactics of modern anesthesiology and surgery dictate the early activation of the patient after surgery: get out of bed as early as possible, start drinking and eating as early as possible - within an hour after a short, low-traumatic, uncomplicated operation and within three to four hours after a more serious operation. If the child is transferred to the intensive care unit after the operation, then the resuscitator undertakes further monitoring of the child's condition, and continuity in the transfer of the patient from doctor to doctor is important here.

How and what to anesthetize after surgery? In our country, the appointment of painkillers is carried out by the attending surgeon. These can be narcotic analgesics (Promedol), non-narcotic analgesics (Tramal, Moradol, Analgin, Baralgin), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ketorol, Ketorolac, Ibuprofen) and antipyretics (Panadol, Nurofen).

Possible Complications

Modern anesthesiology seeks to minimize its pharmacological aggression by reducing the duration of action of drugs, their number, removing the drug from the body almost unchanged (Sevoflurane) or completely destroying it with the enzymes of the body itself (Remifentanil). But, unfortunately, the risk still remains. Although it is minimal, complications are still possible.

The question is inevitable: what complications can arise during anesthesia and what consequences can they lead to?

Anaphylactic shock is an allergic reaction to the administration of drugs for anesthesia, transfusion of blood products, the administration of antibiotics, etc. The most formidable and unpredictable complication that can develop instantly can occur in response to the administration of any drug in any person. Occurs with a frequency of 1 per 10,000 anesthesia. It is characterized by a sharp decrease in blood pressure, disruption of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The consequences can be the most fatal. Unfortunately, this complication can be avoided only if the patient or his close relatives had a similar reaction to this drug earlier and he is simply excluded from anesthesia. An anaphylactic reaction is difficult and difficult to treat, the basis is hormonal drugs (for example, Adrenaline, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone).

Another formidable complication, which is almost impossible to prevent and prevent, is malignant hyperthermia - a condition in which, in response to the introduction of inhalation anesthetics and muscle relaxants, body temperature rises significantly (up to 43 ° C). Most often, this is an inborn predisposition. The consolation is that the development of malignant hyperthermia is an extremely rare situation, 1 in 100,000 general anesthesia.

Aspiration - the entry of stomach contents into the respiratory tract. The development of this complication is most often possible during emergency operations, if little time has passed since the last meal by the patient and the stomach has not completely emptied. In children, aspiration may occur during mask anesthesia with passive flow of stomach contents into the oral cavity. This complication threatens with the development of severe bilateral pneumonia and burns of the respiratory tract with acidic stomach contents.

Respiratory failure is a pathological condition that develops when there is a violation of oxygen delivery to the lungs and gas exchange in the lungs, in which the normal blood gas composition is not maintained. Modern monitoring equipment and careful observation help to avoid or diagnose this complication in time.

Cardiovascular insufficiency is a pathological condition in which the heart is unable to provide adequate blood supply to the organs. As an independent complication in children, it is extremely rare, most often as a result of other complications, such as anaphylactic shock, massive blood loss, and insufficient anesthesia. A complex of resuscitation measures is being carried out, followed by a long-term rehabilitation.

Mechanical damage - complications that can occur during the manipulations performed by the anesthesiologist, whether it be tracheal intubation, vein catheterization, gastric tube or urinary catheter placement. A more experienced anesthetist will experience fewer of these complications.

Modern drugs for anesthesia have undergone numerous preclinical and clinical trials - first in adult patients. And only after several years of safe use they are allowed in pediatric practice. The main feature of modern drugs for anesthesia is the absence of adverse reactions, rapid excretion from the body, predictability of the duration of action from the administered dose. Based on this, anesthesia is safe, has no long-term consequences and can be repeated repeatedly.

Discussion

The article is really large and detailed, but I will join the statements already made that there are no such "trifles" as the effect of anesthesia on the mental state of the child. Is the parent present next to the child until the anesthesia takes effect, is it necessary to insist on this in advance. And how to behave with a child. when he cannot eat for 4-6 hours. Features of independent "premedication" with children of different ages. Tomorrow my child needs to be admitted to the hospital, but I don't know these questions.

06/26/2006 12:26:48 PM, Mikhail

In general, a good informational article, it is a pity that hospitals do not provide such detailed information. In the first 9 months of life, my daughter was given about 10 anesthesias. There was a long anesthesia at the age of 3 days, then a lot of mass and intramuscular. Thank God there were no complications. Now she is 3 years old, develops normally, reads poetry, counts up to 10. But it’s still scary how all these anesthesias affected the mental state of the child. Almost nothing is said about this anywhere. As the saying goes, "saving the main thing, not to the smallest detail."
I had a proposal to our doctors, to give a certificate of all manipulations with children, so that parents can calmly read and understand, otherwise everything is on the go, fleeting phrases. Thank you for the article.

She herself underwent anesthesia twice and both times there was a feeling that she was very cold, woke up and began to chatter her teeth, and even a severe allergy began in the form of urticaria, the spots then increased and merged into a single whole (as I understand it, edema began). For some reason, the article does not say about such reactions of the body, maybe it is individual. And the head was in order for several months, the memory was noticeably reduced. And how does this affect children, and if a child has neurological problems, what are the consequences of anesthesia in such children?

04/13/2006 03:34:26 PM, Rybka

My child has had three anesthesias and I really want to know how this will affect his development and psyche. But no one can answer this question for me. Hoping to find out in this article. But only general phrases that there is nothing harmful in anesthesia. But in general, the article is useful for general development and for parents.

A note on management. Why is this article placed under the heading "Automobile"? Of course, some connection can be traced, but after a "meeting" with a car for anesthesia, it is usually quite problematic to prepare for anesthesia for three days ;-(

For some reason, the article, and most of the materials on this topic, do not talk about the effect of anesthesia on the human psyche, and even more so - the child. A lot of people say that anesthesia is not only "fell and woke up", but rather unpleasant "glitches" - flying along the corridor, different voices, a feeling of dying, etc. A familiar anesthetist said that these side effects do not occur when using the latest generation of drugs, such as recofol.