Lipoic acid (alpha-lipoic acid, thioctic acid, vitamin N) - properties, content in products, instructions for the use of drugs, how to take for weight loss, analogues, reviews. Lipoic acid and carnitine

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Lipoic acid is a biologically active substance, which was previously considered vitamin-like, and now belongs to vitamins with medicinal properties. Lipoic acid is also called lipamide, thioctic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid, alpha lipoic acid, vitamin N or berlition. Moreover, the internationally accepted name of the substance is thioctic acid, but this name is not used in the vast majority of cases, so you need to know all its names in order to freely navigate what is at stake. On the basis of this substance, drugs have already been created and successfully used, such as Berlition, Thioctacid, Lipoic acid, etc.

Consider the properties, indications and rules for the use of lipoic acid both from the standpoint of the active substance and from the point of view of drugs containing this compound as an active ingredient. At the same time, to designate lipoic acid as a drug, we will write its name with a capital (capital) letter, and to describe it as an active substance, we will indicate the name with a lowercase (small) letter.

Brief characteristics of lipoic acid

According to its physical properties, lipoic acid is a yellowish crystalline powder with a bitter taste and a specific odor. The powder is highly soluble in alcohols and poorly in water. However sodium salt of lipoic acid it dissolves well in water, and therefore it is it, and not pure thioctic acid, that is used as an active substance for the manufacture of medicines and dietary supplements.

Lipoic acid was first obtained and discovered in the middle of the 20th century, but it got into the category of vitamin-like substances much later. So, in the course of research, it was found that lipoic acid is present in every cell of any organ or tissue, providing a powerful antioxidant effect that maintains human vitality at a high level. The antioxidant effect of this substance is universal, since it destroys any kind and types of free radicals. Moreover, lipoic acid binds and removes toxic substances and heavy metals from the body, and also normalizes the state of the liver, preventing its pronounced damage in chronic diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. Therefore, lipoic acid preparations are considered hepatoprotectors.

In addition, thioctic acid has insulin-like action, replacing insulin with its deficiency, due to which the cells receive a sufficient amount of glucose for their vital activity. If there is a sufficient amount of lipoic acid in the cells, they do not experience glucose starvation, since vitamin N promotes the penetration of glucose from the blood into the cells, thereby enhancing the effect of insulin action. Due to the presence of glucose, all processes in cells proceed quickly and completely, since this simple substance provides the necessary amount of energy. It is precisely because of the ability to enhance the effect of insulin and, moreover, to replace this hormone in case of its deficiency, lipoic acid is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

By normalizing the work of various organs and systems and providing all cells with energy, lipoic acid effective in the treatment of neurological diseases, because it helps to restore the structure of tissues. So, when using lipoic acid, recovery after a stroke is much faster and more complete, as a result of which the degree of paresis and deterioration of mental functions is reduced.

Thanks to antioxidant effect lipoic acid helps to restore the structure of the nervous tissue, due to which the use of this substance improves memory, attention, concentration and vision.

Thus, it is clear that lipoic acid is a natural metabolite formed during biochemical reactions and performs very important functions. These functions are monotonous, but provide a fairly wide range of effects due to the fact that the action is in different organs and systems and is aimed at normalizing their work. In general, we can say that lipoic acid increases activity and prolongs the performance of the human body for a long period of time.

Normally, thioctic acid enters the body from foods that are rich in this substance. In this respect, it is no different from other vitamins and minerals that a person needs for normal life. However, this substance is also synthesized in the human body, therefore it is not indispensable, like vitamins. But with age and with various diseases, the ability of cells to synthesize lipoic acid decreases, as a result of which it is necessary to increase its intake from the outside with food.

Lipoic acid can be obtained not only from food, but also additionally in the form of dietary supplements and complex vitamins, which is perfect for the prophylactic use of this substance. For the treatment of various diseases, lipoic acid should be used in the form of drugs in which it is contained in high dosages.

In the body, lipoic acid accumulates in the greatest amount in the cells of the liver, kidneys and heart, since these structures are at the highest risk of damage and need a lot of energy to function normally and properly.

The destruction of lipoic acid occurs at a temperature of 100 o C, so moderate heat treatment of products during cooking does not reduce its content. However, frying foods in oil at high temperatures can break down lipoic acid and thus reduce its content and intake. It should also be taken into account that thioctic acid is more easily and rapidly destroyed in a neutral and alkaline environment, but, on the contrary, is very stable in an acidic one. Accordingly, the addition of vinegar, citric acid, or other acids to food during cooking increases the stability of lipoic acid.

The absorption of lipoic acid depends on the composition of nutrients entering the body. Thus, the more carbohydrates present in the diet, the less vitamin N is absorbed. Therefore, to ensure the absorption of lipoic acid, it is necessary to plan the diet in such a way that it contains a significant amount of fat and protein. Lipoic acid is found in the highest quantities in the following foods:

• Bananas;
• Legumes (peas, beans, lentils, etc.);
• Beef;
• Beef liver;
• Mushrooms;
• Yeast;
• cabbage of any kind;
• Leafy greens (spinach, lettuce, parsley, dill, basil, arugula, leushtyan (lovage), etc.);
• Milk and dairy products (sour cream, cream, butter, kefir, cheeses, cottage cheese, yogurt, etc.);
• Pepper;
• kidneys;
• Wheat groats ("arnautka");
• Heart;
• Eggs.

Fruits and vegetables not on this list contain much less lipoic acid.

Vitamin N intake

Adult men and women need to consume 25 - 50 mg of lipoic acid per day, pregnant and lactating mothers - 75 mg, and children under 15 years old - 12.5 - 25 mg. In diseases of the liver, kidneys or heart, the consumption rate of lipoic acid increases to 75 mg per day, regardless of the age of the person, since it is consumed more intensively and faster.

Excess and deficiency of lipoic acid in the body

No pronounced, clearly identifiable and specific symptoms of lipoic acid deficiency in the body have been identified, since this substance is synthesized by the own cells of all tissues and organs, and therefore is constantly present at least in a minimal amount.

However, it was found that with insufficient use of lipoic acid, the following disorders develop:

• Neurological symptoms (dizziness, headaches, polyneuritis, neuropathy, etc.);
• Liver dysfunction with the formation of fatty hepatosis (fatty degeneration of the liver) and a disorder of bile formation;
• Atherosclerosis of vessels;
• metabolic acidosis;
• Muscle spasms;
• Myocardial dystrophy.

There is no excess of lipoic acid, since any excess that enters the body with food or dietary supplements is quickly excreted without any negative effect on organs and tissues.

In rare cases, the development of hypervitaminosis of lipoic acid is possible with prolonged use of drugs containing this substance. In this case, hypervitaminosis is manifested by the development of heartburn, increased acidity of gastric juice, pain in the epigastric region and allergic reactions.

Lipoic acid and alpha lipoic acid

Lipoic acid and alpha-lipoic acid are different names for the same biologically active substance used to make medicines and dietary supplements. In addition, Lipoic acid and Alpha lipoic acid are also the names of two drugs that contain vitamin N. Thus, it is obvious that there is simply no difference between lipoic and alpha lipoic acid.

Properties and therapeutic effect of thioctic acid

Lipoic acid has the following effect on the human body:

• Participates in the course of metabolic reactions (carbohydrate and fat metabolism);
• Participates in redox biochemical reactions in all cells;
• Supports the work of the thyroid gland and prevents the development of iodine deficiency goiter;
• Provides protection from the negative effects of solar radiation;
• Participates in the production of energy in cells, being a necessary component for the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid);
• Improves eyesight;
• It has neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects, increasing the resistance of cells of the nervous system and liver to the adverse effects of various environmental factors;
• Normalizes the level of cholesterol in the blood in atherosclerosis;
• Ensures the growth of beneficial intestinal microflora;
• Has a powerful antioxidant effect;
• It has an insulin-like effect, ensuring the utilization of blood glucose by cells;
• Strengthens immunity.

By severity antioxidant properties lipoic acid is compared to vitamin C and tocopherol (vitamin E). In addition to its own antioxidant properties, thioctic acid enhances the action of other antioxidants and restores their activity when it decreases. Due to the antioxidant effect, the cells of various organs and tissues are not damaged longer and perform their functions better, which, accordingly, has a positive effect on the work of the whole organism.

In addition, the antioxidant effect allows lipoic acid to protect the walls of blood vessels from damage, as a result of which cholesterol plaques do not form on them and blood clots do not attach. That is why vitamin N effectively prevents and is used as part of the complex therapy of vascular diseases (thrombophlebitis, phlebothrombosis, varicose veins, etc.).

Insulin-like action lipoic acid lies in its ability to “bring” glucose from the blood into cells, where it is used for energy production. The only hormone in the human body that is able to “bring” glucose into cells from the blood is insulin, and therefore, with its deficiency, a unique phenomenon occurs when there is a lot of sugar in the bloodstream, and the cells starve, because glucose does not enter them. Lipoic acid enhances the action of insulin and can even "replace" it with a lack of the latter. That is why in Europe and the USA lipoic acid is often used in the complex therapy of diabetes. In this case, lipoic acid reduces the risk of developing complications of diabetes (damage to the vessels of the kidneys, retina, neuropathy, trophic ulcers, etc.), and also reduces the dosage of insulin or other hypoglycemic agents used.

In addition, lipoic acid accelerates and maintains the production of ATP in cells, which is a universal energy substrate necessary for the flow of biochemical reactions with energy expenditure (for example, protein synthesis, etc.). The fact is that at the cellular level, energy is used for biochemical reactions strictly in the form of ATP, and not in the form of fats or carbohydrates received from food, and therefore the synthesis of a sufficient amount of this molecule is critical for the normal functioning of the cellular structures of all organs and tissues.

The role of ATP in cells can be compared to gasoline, which is a necessary and common fuel for all cars. That is, for any energy-consuming reaction to take place in the body, it is ATP that is needed to ensure this process (like gasoline for a car), and not any other molecule or substance. Therefore, in cells, various molecules of fats and carbohydrates are processed into ATP in order to provide energy for the necessary biochemical reactions.

Since lipoic acid supports the synthesis of ATP at a sufficient level, it ensures the rapid and correct flow of metabolic processes and cascades of biochemical reactions, during which cells of various organs and systems perform their specific functions.

If an insufficient amount of ATP is produced in the cells, then they cannot function normally, as a result of which various disorders of the work of one or another organ (which suffers most from a lack of ATP) develop. Very often, various disorders of the nervous system, liver, kidneys and heart due to a lack of ATP develop against the background of diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis, when the vessels become clogged, as a result of which the flow of nutrients to them is limited. But it is from the nutrients that the ATP necessary for the cells is formed. In such situations, neuropathies develop, in which a person feels numbness, tingling and other unpleasant symptoms along the course of a nerve that is in an area of ​​insufficient blood supply.

Lipoic acid in such situations compensates for nutritional deficiencies, ensuring the production of a sufficient amount of ATP, which allows you to eliminate these unpleasant symptoms. That is why vitamin N is used to treat Alzheimer's disease, as well as polyneuropathies of various origins, including alcoholic, diabetic, etc.

In addition, lipoic acid increases the oxygen consumption of brain cells and thus improves the productivity and efficiency of mental work, as well as concentration.

Hepatoprotective action thioctic acid is to protect liver cells from damage by poisons and toxic substances circulating in the blood, as well as to prevent fatty degeneration of the liver. That is why lipoic acid is introduced into the complex therapy of almost any liver disease. In addition, vitamin N stimulates the constant excretion of excess cholesterol in the bile, thereby preventing the formation of gallstones.

Lipoic acid is able to bind salts of heavy metals and remove them from the body, providing detoxifying action.

Thanks to its ability to strengthen the immune system, lipoic acid effectively prevents colds and infectious diseases.

In addition, lipoic acid is able to maintain the so-called aerobic threshold, or even increase it, which is very important for both athletes and people involved in amateur sports or fitness to lose weight or maintain good physical shape. The fact is that there is a certain threshold at which, during intense aerobic exercise, glucose ceases to be broken down in the presence of oxygen, but begins to be processed in an oxygen-free environment (glycolysis begins), which leads to the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles, causing pain. With a low aerobic threshold, a person cannot train as much as he needs, and therefore lipoic acid, which raises this threshold, is necessary for athletes and fitness club visitors.

Lipoic acid preparations

Currently, drugs with lipoic acid and dietary supplements (biologically active supplements) are being produced. Medicines are intended for the treatment of various diseases (primarily neuropathies, as well as diseases of the liver and blood vessels), and dietary supplements are recommended for preventive use by practically healthy people. The complex therapy of various diseases can include both drugs and dietary supplements containing lipoic acid.

Medicines containing lipoic acid are available in the form of capsules and tablets for oral administration, as well as in the form of injection solutions. Dietary supplements are available in tablets and capsules.

Medications

Currently, the domestic pharmaceutical market has the following drugs containing lipoic acid as an active ingredient:

• Berlition - tablets and concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous administration;
• Lipamide - tablets;
• Lipoic acid - tablets and solution for intramuscular injections;
• Lipothioxon - a concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous administration;
• Neurolipon - capsules and concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous administration;
• Octolipen - capsules, tablets and concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous administration;
• Thiogamma - tablets, solution and concentrate for infusion;
• Thioctacid 600 T - solution for intravenous administration;
• Thioctacid BV - tablets;
• Thioctic acid - tablets;
• Thiolept - tablets and solution for infusion;
• Espa-Lipon - tablets and concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous administration.

Dietary supplements with lipoic acid

Currently, the following dietary supplements with lipoic acid are available on the pharmaceutical market:

• Antioxidant from NSP;
• Alpha Lipoic Acid from DHC;
• Alpha Lipoic Acid from Solgar;
• Alpha Normix;
• Alpha D3-Teva;
• Gastrofilin Plus;
• Microhydrin;
• Solgar Nutricoenzyme Q10 with Alpha Lipoic Acid;
• Naches Bounty Alpha Lipoic Acid;
• Alpha Lipoic Acid by Now;
• Alpha Lipoid Acid and L-Carnitine by KWS;
• Alpha Lipoic Acid from Doctor's Best;
• Slim lady;
• Turbo Slim alpha lipoic acid and L-carnitine;
• Liver Aid;
• Mega Protect 4 Life etc.

In addition, lipoic acid is contained in the following varieties of multivitamins Complivit and Alphabet, which are also classified as dietary supplements (like other vitamins):

• Alphabet Diabetes;
• Alphabet Effect;
• Complivit Diabetes;
• Complivit Radiance;
• Complivit Trimestrum 1,2 and 3.

Lipoic acid tablets

In tablet form, vitamins Complivit and Alphabet are produced, as well as the following medicines:

• Berlition;
• Lipamide;
• Lipoic acid;
• Octolipen;
• Thiogamma;
• Thioctacid BV;
• Thioctic acid;
• Thiolept;
• Espa Lipon.

Almost all dietary supplements containing lipoic acid are available in the form of capsules.

Indications for the use of drugs and dietary supplements with lipoic acid

Lipoic acid can be used for prophylactic purposes or as part of complex therapy for various diseases. For prevention, it is recommended to take drugs and dietary supplements at the rate of 25-50 mg of lipoic acid per day, which corresponds to the daily need of the human body for this substance. As part of complex therapy, the dosage of lipoic acid is significantly higher and reaches 600 mg per day.

For medicinal purposes Lipoic acid preparations are used in the following conditions or diseases:

• Atherosclerosis of the vessels of the heart and brain;
• Botkin's disease;
• Chronic hepatitis;
• Cirrhosis of the liver;
• Fatty infiltration of the liver (steatosis, fatty hepatosis);
• Polyneuritis and neuropathy against the background of diabetes, alcoholism, etc.;
• Intoxication of any origin, including alcohol;
• Increased muscle mass and aerobic threshold in athletes;
• chronic fatigue syndrome;
• Increased fatigue;
• Decreased memory, attention and concentration;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• Myocardial dystrophy;
• muscle degeneration;
• Diabetes;
• To improve vision, including with macular degeneration of the retina and open-angle glaucoma;
• Skin diseases (allergic dermatosis, psoriasis, eczema);
• Large pores and acne marks;
• yellowish or dull skin tone;
• Blue circles under the eyes;

With a preventive purpose lipoic acid preparations can be taken by both completely healthy people and those suffering from any of the above diseases (but in combination with other drugs).

Instructions for use of lipoic acid

Rules for the use of vitamin N for therapeutic purposes

As part of complex therapy or as the main drug for neuropathies, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, muscular and myocardial dystrophy, chronic fatigue syndrome and intoxication, lipoic acid preparations are used in high therapeutic dosages, that is, 300-600 mg per day.

In severe disease first, lipoic acid preparations are administered intravenously for 2 to 4 weeks, after which they are taken in the form of tablets or capsules at a maintenance dosage (300 mg per day). With a relatively mild and controlled course of the disease you can immediately take vitamin N preparations in the form of tablets or capsules. Intravenous administration of thioctic acid is used for atherosclerosis and liver diseases only if a person cannot take pills.

Intravenously 300 - 600 mg of lipoic acid is administered per day, which corresponds to 1 - 2 ampoules of the solution. For intravenous injection, the contents of the ampoules are diluted in saline and administered by infusion (in the form of a "dropper"). Moreover, the entire daily dose of lipoic acid is administered during one infusion.

Since lipoic acid solutions are sensitive to light, they are prepared immediately before infusion. While the solution is "dripping", it is necessary to wrap the bottle with foil or other opaque material. Lipoic acid solutions in foil-wrapped containers can be stored for up to 6 hours.

Lipoic acid tablets or capsules should be taken half an hour before meals with a small amount of non-carbonated water (half a glass is enough). The tablet or capsule must be swallowed whole, without biting, chewing or crushing in any other way. The daily dosage is 300 - 600 mg for various diseases and conditions, and is completely taken at a time.

The duration of therapy with lipoic acid preparations is usually 2–4 weeks, after which it is possible to take the drug for 1–2 months at a maintenance dosage of 300 mg once a day. However, in severe cases of the disease or severe symptoms of neuropathy, it is recommended to take lipoic acid preparations at 600 mg per day for 2 to 4 weeks, and then drink 300 mg per day for several months.

With atherosclerosis and liver diseases lipoic acid preparations are optimally taken at 200-600 mg per day for several weeks. The duration of therapy is determined by the rate of normalization of tests that reflect the state of the liver, such as the activity of AST, ALT, the concentration of bilirubin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG).

Courses of therapy with lipoic acid preparations are recommended to be repeated periodically, maintaining an interval between them of at least 3 to 5 weeks.

To eliminate intoxication and steatosis (fatty liver hepatosis), adults are advised to take lipoic acid preparations in a prophylactic dosage, that is, 50 mg 3 to 4 times a day. Children over 6 years of age with steatosis or intoxication are recommended to take 12-25 mg of lipoic acid preparations 2-3 times a day. The duration of therapy is determined by the rate of normalization of the condition, but not more than one month.

How to take lipoic acid for prevention

For prevention, it is recommended to take drugs or dietary supplements with lipoic acid at a dosage of 12-25 mg 2-3 times a day. It is allowed to increase the prophylactic dosage up to 100 mg per day. Tablets or capsules should be taken after meals with a small amount of non-carbonated water.

The duration of prophylactic administration of drugs and dietary supplements of lipoic acid is 20-30 days. Such prophylactic courses can be repeated, but between two subsequent doses of lipoic acid, an interval of at least one month should be maintained.

In addition to the indicated prophylactic use of thioctic acid preparations by practically healthy people, we will consider the option of using it by athletes who want to build muscle mass or increase their aerobic threshold. With the speed-strength nature of the load, 100-200 mg of lipoic acid per day should be taken for 2-3 weeks. If exercises are performed to develop endurance (to increase the aerobic threshold), then lipoic acid should be taken at 400-500 mg per day for 2-3 weeks. During periods of competition or training, you can increase the dosage to 500 - 600 mg per day.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Due to the lack of clear and reliable data on the safety of the use of lipoic acid during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it is recommended to abandon the use of drugs and dietary supplements containing this substance during these periods of a woman's life. Although, theoretically, lipoic acid is a harmless substance both for a pregnant and nursing mother and for a child, therefore, if necessary, you can take preparations containing this substance, but do this strictly under the supervision of a doctor.

special instructions

At the beginning of the use of lipoic acid with neurological diseases it is possible to increase unpleasant symptoms, since there is an intensive process of restoration of the nerve fiber.

Alcohol significantly reduces the effectiveness of treatment and prevention with lipoic acid preparations. In addition, a large amount of alcohol can provoke a sharp deterioration in a person's condition.

When using lipoic acid with diabetes it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of glucose in the blood and, in accordance with it, adjust the dosage of sugar-lowering drugs.

After intravenous injections lipoic acid, a specific smell of urine may appear, which does not have any important significance, or an allergic reaction may develop, proceeding in the form of itching and malaise. If an allergy develops in response to the introduction of a solution of lipoic acid, then such use of the drug should be stopped and switched to taking tablets or capsules.

Too fast intravenous administration lipoic acid solutions can cause heaviness in the head, convulsions and double vision, which pass on their own and do not require discontinuation of the drug.

Any dairy products should be consumed 4 to 5 hours after ingestion or injection of lipoic acid, as it impairs the absorption of calcium and other ions.

Overdose

An overdose of lipoic acid is possible when taking more than 10,000 mg in one day. The risk of developing an overdose of vitamin N increases significantly with the simultaneous use of alcohol and, accordingly, this may occur when taking a dosage of less than 10,000 mg per day.

An overdose of lipoic acid is manifested by convulsions, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), bleeding, nausea, vomiting, headaches, anxiety, confusion, and bleeding disorders. With a milder overdose, only nausea, vomiting and headaches may occur. However, with any overdose of lipoic acid, a person should be hospitalized, gastric lavage should be performed, a sorbent given (for example, activated charcoal, Polyphepan, Polysorb, etc.) and the normal functioning of vital organs should be maintained.

Influence on the ability to control mechanisms

Lipoic acid does not affect the functions of the central nervous system, and in some cases even improves them, therefore, while taking medications and dietary supplements containing this substance, you can engage in any activity that requires a high speed of reactions and concentration.

Interaction with other drugs

The effects of lipoic acid are enhanced when combined with B vitamins and L-carnitine. And lipoic acid itself enhances the action of insulin and hypoglycemic drugs (for example, Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Metformin, etc.).

Alcohol reduces the therapeutic effect of lipoic acid and increases the risk of side effects or overdose.

Solutions for injection of lipoic acid are incompatible with solutions of glucose, fructose, Ringer's and other sugars.

Lipoic acid reduces the severity of the action of Cisplastin and preparations containing metal compounds (for example, iron, magnesium, calcium, etc.). The intake of lipoic acid and these drugs should be separated in time by 4 to 5 hours.

Lipoic acid for weight loss

Lipoic acid itself does not contribute to weight loss, and the common belief that this substance helps to get rid of excess weight is based on its ability to reduce blood sugar levels and stop the feeling of hunger. That is, due to the intake of lipoic acid, a person does not feel hunger, as a result of which he can control the amount of food absorbed and, thereby, lose weight. In addition, stopping hunger makes it relatively easy to tolerate diets, which, of course, lead to weight loss.

Normalization of blood sugar levels leads to an improvement in fat metabolism, which, of course, has a positive effect on overall well-being and condition, and can also contribute to weight loss.

In addition, the intake of thioctic acid leads to the complete processing of carbohydrates eaten into energy, thereby preventing the appearance of new fat deposits. A similar effect can also only indirectly help a person lose weight. Also, lipoic acid binds and removes toxic substances from the body, making the process of losing weight easier and faster.

Thus, it is clear that lipoic acid itself does not cause weight loss. But if you take lipoic acid as a supplement to a sensible diet and exercise, it will help you lose weight more quickly. For this purpose, it is rational to use thioctic acid in the form of dietary supplements, which also often additionally contain L-carnitine or B vitamins, which enhance the effect of lipamide.

In order to reduce weight, lipoic acid should be taken 12-25 mg 2-3 times a day after meals, as well as before or after training. The maximum allowable dosage of lipoic acid that can be taken for weight loss is 100 mg per day. The duration of the course of using lipoic acid for weight loss is 2 to 3 weeks.

Lipoic acid and carnitine

Carnitine enhances the effect of lipoic acid, and therefore, in many dietary supplements, both of these substances are present simultaneously. Most often, lipoic acid in combination with carnitine is used in dietary supplements that promote weight loss, and are also designed to increase endurance for people involved in sports.

Side effects and contraindications for use

• Hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to the components of drugs or dietary supplements;
• Age under 6 years old;
• Pregnancy;
• The period of breastfeeding;
• Gastritis with high acidity of gastric juice;
• Peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum in the acute stage.

Lipoic (alpha-lipoic) acid - reviews

Most reviews of alpha-lipoic acid (from 85 to 95%) are positive, due to the noticeable effects of the drug. Often, lipoic acid is taken for the purpose of losing weight, and reviews regarding this aspect of use are also positive in most cases. So, in these reviews it is noted that lipoic acid helps women or men well to budge weight, which for a long time is at the same level, despite diet or regular exercise. In addition, the reviews indicate that lipoic acid accelerates weight loss, but subject to diet or exercise.

Lipoic acid is also often taken to improve vision and, according to reviews, it works great, because the veil and nebula disappear before the eyes, all surrounding objects are seen clearly and clearly, the colors are juicy, bright and saturated. In addition, lipoic acid reduces eye fatigue with constant eye strain, for example, working at a computer, monitors, with papers, etc.

The third most common reason why people took lipoic acid is liver problems, such as chronic diseases, opisthorchiasis, etc. In this case, lipoic acid normalizes general well-being, relieves pain in the right side, and also eliminates nausea and discomfort after eating fatty and heavy meals. In addition to eliminating the symptoms of liver disease, thioctic acid improves the condition of the skin, which becomes smoother, firmer and lighter, the yellowish tint and fatigue disappear.

Finally, many people take lipoic acid simply to make them feel better as a vitamin-like substance and a powerful antioxidant. In this case, the reviews indicate a variety of positive effects that appeared after taking vitamin N, such as:

• Energy appears, the feeling of fatigue decreases and working capacity increases;
• Improves mood;
• Bags under the eyes disappear;
• Fluid excretion improves and edema is eliminated;
• The concentration of attention and the speed of thinking increase (in this the effect of lipoic acid is similar to Nootropil).

However, in addition to positive reviews about lipoic acid, there are also negative ones, usually due to the development of poorly tolerated side effects or the lack of the expected effect. So, among the side effects, hypoglycemia most often develops in people, provoking drowsiness, dizziness, headaches and a feeling of trembling limbs.

Price in pharmacies

The cost of different lipoic acid preparations varies. Currently, in pharmacies in Russian cities, prices for drugs containing lipoic acid are as follows:

• Alpha lipoic acid from Solgar -capsules 707 - 808 rubles;
• Berlition - tablets - 720 - 850 rubles, ampoules - 510 - 956 rubles;
• Lipoic acid - tablets - 35 - 50 rubles;
• Neurolipon - ampoules - 171 - 312 rubles, capsules - 230 - 309 rubles;
• Octolipen - capsules - 284 - 372 rubles, tablets - 543 - 747 rubles, ampoules - 355 - 467 rubles;
• Thiogamma - tablets - 880 - 2000 rubles, ampoules - 217 - 2140 rubles;
• Thioctacid 600 T - ampoules - 1399 - 1642 rubles;
• Thioctacid BV - tablets - 1591 - 3179 rubles;
• Thiolept - tablets - 299 - 930 rubles;
• Thiolipon - a concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous administration;
• Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3, vitamin PP, niacin) - description and instructions for use (tablets, injections), what products contain, how to use for weight loss, for hair growth and strengthening, reviews

Without vitamins, it is difficult to maintain good health, but there are substances without which the body cannot function at all. These include, which is otherwise called vitamin N. Its beneficial properties were discovered relatively recently, in the 60s.

The benefits and harms of lipoic acid

1. It should be noted right away that an overdose of lipoic acid does not manifest itself in the body. This substance is natural, therefore, even with the use of large dosages in a separate form, negative consequences in the body will not occur.
2. Lipoic acid is found in every living cell. It is a powerful antioxidant, participates in metabolic processes, stores other antioxidants in the body and enhances their effectiveness. With a normal content of this substance in the body, each cell receives a sufficient amount of nutrition and energy.
3. Vitamin N (lipoic acid) destroys free radicals that destroy cells, as a result of which they begin to age. It removes salts of heavy metals from the body, supports the functioning of the liver (even with its diseases), helps to restore the nervous system and immunity.
4. In combination with other beneficial substances, vitamin N improves memory and increases concentration. It restores the structure of the brain and nerve tissues. It was found that under the influence of this vitamin, visual functions are significantly improved. The content of lipoic acid is very important for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. This substance is able to relieve chronic fatigue and increase activity.
5. Alpha lipoic acid is very beneficial for weight loss. It affects the areas of the brain responsible for appetite, resulting in reduced hunger. It also reduces the liver's tendency to store fat and improves absorption. Thus, its level in the blood decreases. Lipoic acid stimulates energy expenditure, which is also important for weight loss.
6. Lipoic acid has shown itself well in bodybuilding. Heavy workloads mean high nutrient requirements, and alpha lipoic acid provides the body with energy and replenishes glutathione, which is quickly depleted during exercise. Athletes are encouraged to take this substance in its free form.
7. Official medicine uses vitamin N as a powerful drug for the treatment of alcoholism. Toxic substances disrupt the functioning of almost all body systems, and vitamin N allows you to normalize the condition and minimize all pathological changes.

Where is lipoic acid found?

Due to the great benefits of lipoic acid, it is important to know what it contains. It should be noted that vitamin N is found in almost all cells of the human body. But with poor-quality nutrition, its reserves are greatly depleted, which manifests itself in weak immunity and poor health. To make up for the body's lack of this vitamin, a normal healthy diet is enough. The main sources of lipoic acid are: heart, dairy products, yeast, eggs, beef liver, kidney, rice and mushrooms. If desired, you can use vitamin N in a separate form.

The use of lipoic acid has a very beneficial effect on the body. Vitamin N is primarily necessary for people with chronic fatigue, weakened immune systems, poor health and mood. In combination with physical activity and a healthy diet, the result will exceed expectations.

It is also called vitamin N, is a universal antioxidant. This substance helps to fight free radicals, balances redox reactions in the body, copes with various ailments, and even slows down the aging process. It has been successfully used as a complex tool for solving the problem of excess weight. Consider how lipoic acid "works" and why women need it.

The action of lipoic acid

Thioctic acid is synthesized in a certain amount by the body, partially comes from outside with food. It contributes to the normalization of liver functions, enhances the beneficial effect and regulates the level of glucose and cholesterol in the blood. Takes an active part in metabolic processes and the formation of enzymes in the body. It is necessary to protect cells from oxidation and reduce the harmful effects of free radicals and toxins on cells.

Lipoic acid is essential for health:

• heart and blood vessels - reduces the likelihood of atherosclerosis;
• endocrine system - reduces the amount of sugar in the blood, helps maintain a healthy thyroid gland;
• digestive organs - contributes to the restoration of the liver, protects it from damage, normalizes bowel function;
• reproductive system - normalizes the menstrual cycle, maintains its normal functions;
• immune system - helps the body neutralize the harmful effects of toxins, radiation, heavy metals.

According to some assumptions, vitamin N helps reduce the likelihood of developing malignant pathologies in humans.

When is lipoic acid supplementation required?

• high cholesterol ;
• poisoning of any kind ;
• liver diseases of viral and toxic origin .

In addition, the drug can be prescribed for preventive purposes to maintain the health of the eyes, thyroid gland and brain function, improve the functioning of the nervous system, and stimulate memory.

Contraindications for use

The properties of lipoic acid, the benefits and harms of the substance are well studied by science. The vitamin is essential for maintaining the vital functions of the body. But, despite this, its additional intake has several contraindications.

First of all, the drug is not prescribed in case of hypersensitivity to its components, the development of allergic reactions. The supplement should not be taken by children under 6 years of age.

Lipoic acid during pregnancy is prescribed in extremely rare cases. In the course of clinical studies, it was found that the substance does not harm the health of a woman. However, its safety for the fetus has not been confirmed. Therefore, when prescribing vitamin N, the doctor must balance the potential risks for the child and the health benefits of the mother. The substance passes into breast milk, therefore it is not recommended for use during lactation.

The drug can have a side effect on the body and cause the following undesirable manifestations:

• disruption of the digestive system (vomiting, nausea, heaviness and pain in the abdomen);
• skin rashes , itching, eczema;
• anaphylactic shock ;
• headache and loss of consciousness;
• convulsions;
• sudden drop in blood glucose levels ;
• deterioration in blood clotting .

Some conditions are not an absolute contraindication, but require a balanced and careful decision on the appointment. For example, lipoic acid helps lower blood sugar and enhances the effect of drugs taken for diabetes. Its use in the treatment of diabetics can provoke hypoglycemia.

Vitamin N can lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of chemotherapy, therefore it is not prescribed to patients in the treatment of oncopathologies. Some caution in the use of the supplement requires the patient to have a stomach ulcer, gastritis with high acidity, and reduced thyroid function. Long-term use of the drug increases the likelihood of side effects.

Method of administration and dosage of the drug

A properly composed human menu, the absence of serious chronic diseases and alcohol abuse are conditions under which additional intake of vitamin N is not required. In this case, the body is enough of the amount that is synthesized by it or supplied with food.

Additional intake of drugs containing lipoic acid requires mandatory agreement with the doctor. Uncontrolled use can be harmful to health!

The daily dosage of the supplement depends on the purpose for which it is prescribed (prophylactic or therapeutic), the age and gender of the patient. For women, in order to prevent pathologies, up to 25 mg per day is prescribed, and for treatment - from 300 to 600 mg.

The drug is available in tablet form, as a solution for intravenous infusion. In tablets, the supplement is taken twice a day before meals with water. For therapeutic purposes, an intravenous solution of the vitamin is first used, then they are switched to tablets. The duration of the course of therapy, as well as the dosage of the drug, is determined by the attending doctor, taking into account the characteristics of the patient's body.

Exceeding the allowable dose of the supplement can lead to such undesirable reactions from the body as heartburn, stomach pain, skin rashes, dizziness and weakness, muscle pain and increased skin sensitivity.

Natural sources of vitamin N

Vitamin N is partially formed in the body and accumulates in the liver and kidneys. If a woman leads a healthy lifestyle, eats right, then this amount of lipoic acid is enough.

The vitamin is found in both animal and vegetable products.

Most of it is in:

• beef and pork ;
• offal, including chicken;
• soy;
• linseed oil;
• nuts;
• cereals;
• vegetables and mushrooms(, celery, champignons, potatoes);
• blackcurrant ;
• green onions and lettuce ;
• Brussels sprouts and white cabbage .

To ensure the full absorption of lipoic acid, you need to separate the use of the above foods and dairy products. The break between doses should be at least 2 hours.

Lipoic acid for weight loss

In recent years, vitamin N has become very popular among the fairer sex. It is used as a fat burner. But how can lipoic acid help in this process, why do women need it when losing weight? Once in the body, it enhances the breakdown of proteins and amino acids. And if the intake of this vitamin is combined with an active lifestyle and physical activity, then the process of combating excess weight will become much more effective.

Before use by women it is recommended to consult a doctor about the dosages and safety of the drug. Tablets are drunk in the morning before meals, after training, at dinner. This method of losing weight involves a rich menu. If the diet is poor, then the constant feeling of hunger is likely to lead to a breakdown and a result that differs from expectations.

In the matter of eliminating excess weight, women should not rely on lipoic acid as a miracle pill and panacea. This tool, firstly, gives a noticeable effect only under the condition of a healthy diet and physical education. Secondly, the additive is not harmless. It has contraindications, can have side effects, and an overdose will cause unpleasant symptoms. Therefore, it can be used for weight loss only as a comprehensive measure and under medical supervision.

Lipoic acid for facial skin

Lipoic acid is involved in metabolism, helps in the breakdown of fats, cell regeneration, and slows down the aging of women. In youth, the body synthesizes this compound, but with age, this ability gradually decreases. If there is a deficiency, the woman is rapidly aging. In order to remain healthy in adulthood, to have a slim figure, it is necessary to introduce preparations containing vitamin N into the diet.

The advantage of this compound is the preservation of beneficial properties in a fatty environment. This makes it indispensable for the manufacture of skin care cosmetics. Cream with lipoic acid freely penetrates the cell membrane, helps to eliminate wrinkles, pigmentation formed under the harmful effects of sunlight and toxins.

Such a tool can be prepared independently. To do this, you need to take 30 grams of your favorite face cream and add 300 to 900 mg of lipoic acid to it at a concentration of 3%. Regular use of this remedy can reduce the number and depth of wrinkles, improve complexion, and cope with inflammation and skin rashes.

Vitamin N has a beneficial effect on skin cells from the inside through its ability to reduce blood sugar. The fact is that sugar joins collagen, which for this reason quickly loses elasticity. This leads to dry skin and wrinkles. Therefore, with age, taking the supplement is especially relevant for preserving the beauty of a woman and all the vital functions of her body.

Svetlana Markova

Beauty is like a precious stone: the simpler it is, the more precious!

Content

In cosmetology and medicine, several types of acids are known that have a beneficial effect on human health. For example, a drug such as lipoic acid (thioctic) is successfully used to normalize the body's metabolism, regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and control cholesterol levels. What is this substance, why is thioctic acid valuable for our health, how effective is it, and for what purpose is it used?

Medicinal properties of lipoic acid

It is found in almost all organs of the human body as lipoic (thioctic) acid, but the kidneys, heart, and liver contain it in greater quantities. This substance helps to reduce the toxic effect of any toxic substances, salts of heavy metals. It improves the functioning of the liver, protects it from damaging factors, has hepatoprotective, detoxifying properties. With a lack of thioctic (lipoic) acid in the body, drugs with its content are prescribed.

Entering into a relationship with the vital vitamins E, C, enhancing their properties, alpha-lipoic acid (another name for it) fights free radicals. It reduces the level of lipids, cholesterol and sugar in the blood, improves the nutrition of the nervous system, in some properties it approaches B vitamins, protects the body from ultraviolet rays, and regulates the activity of the thyroid gland. Thioctic (lipoic) acid is the active substance of the drug of the same name and acts as a compound that provides a therapeutic effect.

Indications for use

It is necessary to use thioctic (lipoic) acid in such cases as:

• diabetic, alcoholic polyneuropathy;
• violation of various types of sensitivity in the limbs;
• atherosclerosis of the heart vessels;
• liver disease (viral, toxic hepatitis, cirrhosis);
• treatment of any poisoning (for example, salts of heavy metals);
• carrying out activities to improve vision;
• stimulation of the brain;
• support of the thyroid gland.

How to take for weight loss?

The main properties of lipoic (thioctic) acid: strengthening and normalization of all processes occurring in the human body. This substance affects the suppression of hunger, contributes to the consumption and destruction of fat reserves to simple substances, which become energy, accelerates metabolic processes. Therefore, it is used for weight loss. The daily norm for a healthy person is 25-50 mg of lipoic (thioctic) acid. In order to lose weight, doctors recommend dividing the daily dose into three doses: before or after breakfast, exercise, dinner.

People who have a violation of metabolic processes, as well as elevated blood sugar levels, are assigned higher doses of this substance. You can not combine the drug with iron-containing drugs and alcohol. Lipoic (thioctic) acid for weight loss should be prescribed by a lietologist. Side effects of an overdose of this substance include:

• nausea;
• vomit;
• allergic reactions;
• headache.

Carnitine and alpha lipoic acid in bodybuilding

Carnitine (L-carnitine) is an amino acid that activates fat metabolism in the human body. This substance, accumulating in the muscles and contributing to the breakdown of fats in muscle cells, provides muscle tissue with long-term energy. Which is very important during intensive strength training. Many carnitine supplements also contain alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). It converts the substances received by the body into energy, helps regulate blood sugar levels, and prevents the development of obesity.

ALA is a strong antioxidant, helps to reduce the destruction of proteins and cells, helps to quickly restore strength after intense workouts. Carnitine is taken before training, which helps to exercise longer without feeling tired. Athletes involved in bodybuilding also take alpha-lipoic acid along with a substance called "" to effectively build muscle mass.

The use of dietary supplements leads to an improvement in heart function, faster recovery of the body due to the normalization of metabolic processes in cells, and a decrease in subcutaneous fat. The maximum result of the use of drugs is achieved with a properly designed training program and a balanced diet. Both ALA and carnitine are not doping, so they are allowed to be used in sports nutrition without any restrictions.

ALC in cosmetics and cosmetology

ALA (alpha lipoic acid) is able to give the skin a healthy look, make it soft, smooth and beautiful in the shortest possible time. It is a natural substance, particles of which are present in every cell of the human body. ALA is similar to vitamin C in its action. Protection against free radicals is the main function of this substance.

In cosmetology, a cream is used, the component of which is lipoic (thioctic) acid. When using products containing this substance, the action of vitamins E, A, C is enhanced, metabolism is accelerated, cells are renewed, getting rid of toxins and sugar. Most importantly, ALA gives a rejuvenating effect, the skin of the face becomes toned, well-groomed, acne, dandruff disappear, accelerated fusion and healing of microscopic wounds occurs.

You can buy ALA in powder or liquid form. When added to a cream or tonic, alpha-lipoic acid capsules are used immediately, they cannot be stored for a long time, otherwise they will lose their medicinal properties. It is necessary to store ALA and the products of which it is a component, in places protected from light. In cosmetology, the use of this substance leads to smoothing and tightening of the skin, restoring its natural color.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Lipoic (thioctic) acid is successfully used to treat many diseases. Regardless of the medicinal properties, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, this remedy is prescribed with great care, and some sources generally recommend abandoning its use. Since opinions differ on the safety of thioctic acid for lactating and pregnant women, it is best to consult a doctor before using this drug.

Contraindications and side effects

Contraindications to the use of lipoic (thioctic) acid:

• children under 6 years of age (safety of use has not been proven);
• allergic reaction to the drug and its components;
• hypersensitivity to thioctic (lipoic) acid;
• pregnancy;
• period of breastfeeding.

Possible side effects:

• point hemorrhages;
• dysfunction of platelets;
• increased intracranial pressure;
• a sharp drop in blood sugar;
• double vision;
• convulsions;
• nausea, feeling of heaviness in the abdomen;
• allergic reactions;
• heartburn.