Dentures for complete loss of teeth. Which prostheses are better for the complete absence of teeth: removable or non-removable. Features of prosthetics. Dental prostheses with partial absence of teeth -

Lack of teeth is a harm not only to the jaw, but also to the body as a whole. When there is not a single tooth, the distribution of the load is disturbed, and if all the teeth are missing, then indelible damage is caused to the oral cavity and gums. In this regard, many people are advised to immediately contact dentistry for restoration of teeth. In the complete absence, prosthetics come to the rescue. All options for prosthetics in the absence of teeth and conditions, see below.

In the complete absence of teeth in patients, they can be offered several options for prosthetics. Options for prosthetics can be very different. It all depends on the quality of workmanship, the material used and the patient's wallet. We recommend that you consider each option and choose the one that is considered the most suitable for you. It all starts with economical options, and ends with expensive ones.

One-piece removable prosthesis

This option is the most economical. It is made from cheaper materials: nylon or acrylic plastic. It gained popularity because of its ease of use.

The undoubted advantage of such a prosthesis is its cost.

But there are more disadvantages. These include:

unreliable fastening. The prosthesis rests exclusively on the mandibular part due to the vacuum created, and, therefore, when moving the mouth one prosthesis will get air particles and the prosthesis can fly off;
the size. In terms of size, a one-piece removable denture is quite large. Due to its size, it causes a long habituation of the patient. Also, diction and the work of taste buds may be temporarily disturbed;
fragility. Due to the fact that the prosthesis is made of materials such as acrylic plastic, it often breaks down. Due to high loads on the prosthesis, cracks appear, leading to breakage. plastic prosthesis unable to bear the heavy load so it keeps crashing. Constantly have to fix it or buy a new one. Is it worth it? The purchase of such a prosthesis will constantly require financial investments.

One-piece removable prosthesis with fastening from spherical abutments (locators)

This option is more improved. Its main difference from the first option is fixation. It is attached to the gums due to special elements. This fixation allows you to stay in the same place. Mounting elements:

locator. Fixed to a dental implant
plastic matrix. It is fixed in the prosthetic structure itself.

The matrix is fixed on the ball-shaped abutment, which allows the prosthesis to remain in the same place for a long time. It is recommended to use at least two locators on 2 implants.

Advantages:

secure fastening. Due to mounting on locators secure fixation, which allows you to stay in place and not move out;
price. Despite the fact that this design also received good fixation to the jaws, the pricing policy remains. This variant of prosthetics is the most budgetary.

Flaws:

fragility. In this option, a mount already appears, but its quality does not change. The prosthesis is made of plastic. In the absence of a high-quality frame, it follows that the prosthesis is short-lived and various kinds of breakdowns are provided to it;
the size. The size of a removable prosthesis with fixation has sufficient scale dimensions for the oral cavity. Large pieces of plastic cover most of the gums and palate. You will need to get used to such a prosthesis. Violation of diction necessarily follows;
chewing load. When chewing, almost the entire load is directed to 2 implants, which are the base. Necessarily need expert advice and following instructions. Due to the heavy load, there is a risk of remaining without bone mass around the prosthetic area.

Of all the above, this option for prosthetics in the absence of them is the most suitable. This is due to improvements in reliability and convenience. Only high-quality equipment is used for manufacturing. You will need knowledge not only of the technique in the teeth, but also of the dentist himself. Using high technologies, a structure is made of beams, and its milling is carried out. Beam fixation has 2 parts:

beam, which is fixed on the implants;
plastic matrices that are installed in the prosthesis itself.

Advantages:

good fastening. Due to the beam used, the prosthesis is securely fastened, which allows it to remain stationary. This attachment allows the patient to feel much more comfortable;
feeling of satisfaction with prosthetics. With beam structure Much less plastic is used to make, which means that most of the gums and palate remain open. There was no violation of diction and the work of taste buds;
strength. Metal is used as a frame here, which ultimately indicates its durability and strength;
load. There are 4 implants in the oral cavity. The entire chewing load is directed to them, which confirms the safety of the bone around the prosthetic area.

Flaws:

price. Due to reliability and quality the patient feels comfortable, but most of his wallet suffers. The price of such prosthetics in the absence of teeth is much higher;
removable design. For proper hygiene, it is necessary to clean the prosthesis at least 2 times a day. In time, it will take no more than a minute.

When prosthetics, in the case of a complete absence of teeth, a minimum of 4 implants is mandatory. They are also the backbone. Such a prosthesis that does not have to be removed, very convenient and comfortable due to high-quality imitation of real teeth. A fixed prosthesis is made of metal-ceramic. You simply won't find plastic here. Thus, it turns out the most compact and convenient. In the absence of own gums, ceramics are installed and repainted in the desired natural color.

Advantages:

convenience. Convenience and comfort lies in the fact that this prosthesis is not removable. As a result, diction is not disturbed, the work of taste buds is carried out correctly, and the palate and gums are completely open;
the beauty. A fixed prosthesis made of metal-ceramic allows you to get closer to the natural feeling of teeth. An experienced and qualified professional will make a “Hollywood smile” that no ordinary person can distinguish. Teeth like teeth;
quality. The frame is made of cobalt chrome frame, which allows it to be of high quality, strong and durable. This kind of prosthetics will please for a long time. Fractures and cracks are not inherent.

Flaws:

price. This is not the case when, one might say: quality at an affordable price. The skill level of the dental technician, doctor and expensive equipment dictate a very decent amount. Is it worth it, everyone decides individually? Not every person can afford such prosthetics. Especially if this person is a pensioner and his main income is a pension.
metal. Metal in rare cases may cause a mild allergic reaction and a metallic taste on the tongue.

Fixed prosthesis supported by zirconia implants

In the complete absence of teeth, this option of prosthetics is the most beautiful, comfortable, innovative, progressive and biocompatible. In terms of strength, zirconium dioxide exceeds even metal, which means that there should not be any aftertaste.

In addition to being durable, it is almost weightless, so it will be more comfortable and easier to wear. Such a prosthesis is closest to natural teeth. Just like zirconia teeth has little transparency and depth. The fastening of a fixed denture based on zirconium dioxide is similar to a fixed denture made of metal-ceramic. And the rest is several times better. It really surpasses all other prostheses in all sensations, convenience and naturalness.

In order to choose removable dentures and understand which ones are best in the complete absence of teeth, it is necessary to consider different manufacturing technologies. After all, the type of prosthetics is influenced by age factors, the physiological characteristics of the jaw and the financial capabilities of the patient.

Causes and consequences of adentia

Absence of teeth can be secondary and primary. Primary adentia is determined at birth, this form is quite rare. The secondary absence of teeth is observed more often and is characterized by their loss after the complete formation of the dentoalveolar system. In another way, this form is called acquired.

Reasons for the loss

The causes of secondary adentia are numerous. The main ones include:

age-related changes: in older people, soft tissues lose their tone, and bones weaken;
lack of vitamins;
dental diseases: caries, periodontitis and periodontal disease, gingivitis, ontogenous osteomyelitis;
mechanical damage to the jaw;
exposure to enamel and tooth roots of toxins: smoking, drug use;
pathologies of the immune system and other disorders of the body.

The type of prosthetics of the oral cavity with complete loss of teeth depends on the cause of adentia.

Effects

If a person for some reason does not want to put a prosthesis, then such a refusal is fraught with negative consequences:

gums bleed and hurt as a result of the fact that they have to perform a chewing role;
facial features are deformed (due to atrophy of the dental skeleton): lips sink, the size of the lower part of the face decreases, the corners of the lips and the tip of the nose drop, muscle tone is lost, which is typical for old age;
senile progeny is formed;
the jaw bones become thinner due to the load on them;
the size of the masticatory muscles changes, which causes disturbances in the functioning of the digestive tract;
reduced speech quality.

Timely installation of dental prostheses makes the occurrence of these problems impossible, and modern technologies make it possible to perform the procedure quickly and painlessly.

Benefits of full edentulous prosthetics

Adventia also has its advantages. A person who is going to put in false teeth does not need to worry about choosing the color of tooth enamel, since all elements of the prosthesis will be identical. In addition, the patient receives a truly dazzling smile, which is not always possible with natural teeth.

Any type of complex prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth will help to get rid of dental pain forever.

Key tasks

Prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth (edentia) on the lower and upper jaws involves the following tasks:

Interview the patient about the time of occurrence and causes of adentia.
Find out complaints and information about previous implantations, if the jaw was previously incorrectly prosthetized.
Examine the face. Both intentionally and imperceptibly during the conversation. Carry out palpation of the oral cavity and additional studies: radiography, graphic recording of jaw movement.
Establish a diagnosis.
Determine the individual size of the prosthesis.
Correctly design the dentition for its synchronous participation in the chewing process, speech formation and breathing.
Qualitatively fix the prosthesis.

Myself the process and its duration depends on the type of prosthetics chosen by the attending physician.

Types of modern removable dentures in the complete absence of teeth

Odontological structures used in implantation can be divided into non-removable dentures in the absence of teeth, removable at home, conditionally removable and combined.

dental removable dentures can be removed by the person himself for standard personal hygiene procedures. Conditionally removable is removed by the attending dentist in the clinic. With combined prosthetics, only some part of the teeth is static.

Fixed structures are not at all uninstalled for one cleaning, they are installed for a long time with a guarantee.

Removable structures economy

Complete removable dentures are the cheapest option. Most often, these structures are made of acrylic or modern new generation nylon. They are attached to the jaw with the help of special locks or suction cups.

If the prosthesis is made correctly, then after placement, excess air will come out from under it. Then the design will be better and last longer.

Such designs are ideal for maxillary prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth, although they cause problems with speech articulation and impair the sensitivity of taste buds due to overlapping of the palate. But when installed on the lower jaw, the prosthesis may periodically fall out while talking, kissing or eating.

acrylic structures

Even modern prostheses made of acrylic pliable plastic are massive, overall and initially cause a lot of inconvenience. Acrylic structures have a porous structure, which is fraught with the development of bacteria and inflammatory processes in the oropharynx. But this type of prosthetics has several advantages:

no contraindications;
ease of care and everyday use;
fast production;
the prosthesis is easy to repair.

Acrylic removable prosthesis on the lower and upper jaw can be placed even in a child if he is diagnosed with a congenital complete absence of teeth. After all, it is pointless to implant implants in a minor, as he grows.

Nylon prostheses

The main feature of a nylon soft prosthesis in the absence of teeth is the lack of a rigid base. The new soft construction ensures quick adaptation of the patient, and the material itself is hypoallergenic. Nylon does not absorb foreign substances.

New generation prostheses look aesthetically pleasing and as natural as possible. But nylon structures often have to be adjusted and even replaced due to rapid subsidence, which is not typical for acrylic ones.

Cleaning of nylon prostheses should be done only in a special way, since cleaning with a plastic brush and toothpaste will lead to the appearance of microcracks and the loss of the snow-white color of the structure.

Types of removable dentures in the complete absence of teeth in the upper jaw are striking in their diversity. If there are no serious medical contraindications, you can choose any design in accordance with your financial situation.

But a removable movable prosthesis for the lower jaw in the absence of teeth should be chosen acrylic, so that there are no problems with its loss. However, nylon prosthetics of the lower jaw in the complete absence of teeth is effective, but short-lived. Even with proper care the service life of the prosthesis will not exceed 5 years.

Conditionally removable structures

They are similar in appearance to a removable denture and are also installed on both the upper and lower jaws, and are used in the complete absence of teeth. But conditionally removable structures are more convenient, since they are more securely fixed in the mouth due to the implantation of implants and do not fall out when talking or chewing. If necessary, this The prosthesis can be removed in the dental office.

Conditionally removable structures are classified according to the method of connection with implants:

beam (imply joint fastening of implants, and therefore the most durable);
spherical (the prosthesis is attached to a spherical abutment);
magnetic;
micro locks;
silicone.

Such prosthetics does not cause discomfort and makes it possible to use any food, even nuts. But the dentures themselves are expensive, making them out of reach for many patients.

Modern combined designs

This is not the best option for complex prosthetics in the absence of teeth, but sometimes its use is justified. The composition of the design includes removable and non-removable elements.

The first are partial dentures:

nylon;
small saddle;
plate;
clasp;
arc.

And the static elements on which the partial structures are held are implants, but in a fairly large number.

Fixed structures

Installing fixed dentures is the most expensive option for dental implantation, which happens when there are no teeth at all. Using this method, more than 11 implants are implanted in each jaw. But the technology is rarely used, because in addition to the high cost, it has a number of disadvantages:

a large amount of bone tissue is required;
there are many contraindications to the procedure, for example, vascular diseases, frequent headaches, heart defects;
the location of the nerve fibers should not interfere with the implantation of the structure;
For a long time, such prostheses were not placed in people over 34–39 years old due to the high risk of complications; thanks to new technologies, age restrictions have been eliminated, but one should still proceed with caution.

Most often, in the absence of teeth, classic fixed dentures are placed on the upper and lower jaws with a non-metallic or metal-ceramic bridge. To do this, the patient is implanted with implants (at least 12 pieces), which become a support for the bridge.

Static dentures are better and more functional than all types of removable structures for adentia, but their presence complicates the diagnosis using MRI, which can further complicate the diagnosis of serious diseases.

Conclusion

The feasibility of one or another type of dental prosthetics depends on a combination of factors, so it is impossible to draw an unambiguous conclusion about the advantages of removable or non-removable structures. An elderly person who, for health reasons, will need computed tomography and resonance imaging, should not be implanted with implants. But for a representative of the younger generation, who for some reason has lost all his teeth, it is still too early to acquire a set of false teeth.

There are several ways to restore the dentition in the absence of several units. But what if there are no teeth at all in the jaw? Modern methods of prosthetics, their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed in the article.

Features of prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth

In the process of determining the method of prosthetics, a wide range of issues is taken into account, because with adentia there is not a single supporting element:

Why is it required?

The loss of even a few units in the dentition causes a lot of problems, and with adentia, the situation only gets worse. It is not worth postponing the decision on prosthetics, it will be much more difficult to cure the consequences.

If the defect in the dentition is not eliminated in a timely manner (with partial or complete loss of teeth), then the patient will face such troubles as:

All of the listed consequences of ignoring prosthetics in the aggregate and individually affect the psycho-emotional background of a person who, by limiting communications, loses himself as a person.

Correct the situation and radically change the quality of life will help the right choice of prosthetics method.

Staged dental implantation

Applied methods

If all the teeth are missing on the jaw, then after a series of studies, the specialist selects one of the most suitable methods of prosthetics:

Methods of prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth in the jaw
Name	Description	Advantages	Flaws
Removable prosthetics	To be able to fix the prosthesis on the jaw, several implants are implanted into it (sometimes only 2 units are enough). The removable structure is attached to the implants like a haberdashery button. There are also beam prostheses that evenly distribute the load on the jaw when chewing food. Among the large number of options for removable dentures, there are those that do not provide for the procedure for the preliminary implantation of implants.	a wide range of composite materials and technologies that allow you to create a combined product that is comfortable to wear; the ability to correct any defects in the dentition; low cost.	perceived discomfort when wearing; improper redistribution of the load on the jaw during chewing, which is fraught with the development of various pathologies; weak fixation in the oral cavity without supporting elements; short service life (3-6 years).
Conditionally removable prosthetics	Clasp prosthetics involves the installation of a structure on the jaw, which consists of a metal arc, a polymer base that imitates the gums, and artificial teeth. To create anchor points, 4 implants are implanted into the jaw, to which an arc is subsequently attached.	uniform redistribution of the load on the jaw while chewing food; aesthetic factor; comfortable use with quick adaptation; structural strength.	the quality of prosthetics largely depends on the professionalism of the doctor and the correctness of the calculations; sometimes the lock elements break, which involves the replacement of the entire structure; high cost of the prosthesis.
Fixed prosthetics	To install a fixed prosthesis, it is necessary to implant several implants, on which bridges are subsequently fixed. This technique of prosthetics is rarely used, preference is given to removable structures.	long service life (up to 20 years); strong fixation of the structure; minimal loss of taste sensitivity; products successfully withstand the chewing load.	high probability of soft tissue irritation due to contact with the crown part of the prosthesis; patients often develop pathological symptoms in the mouth (burning, redness, change in taste).

Prosthetic options and installation process

There are several options for prosthetics in case of loss of all units in the dentition.

Acrylic prosthesis is made on the basis of pre-made casts of the patient's jaw. The material used is a modern type of plastic, which makes the design durable and reliable. The main advantage of the product is the affordable price.

Otherwise, there are obvious shortcomings:

the solid structure provokes rubbing of soft tissues with the prosthesis, which complicates the process of adaptation;
due to the porosity of the material, the prosthesis absorbs odors;
plastic changes color due to product pigments.

The lamellar structure is installed simply, fixation occurs due to suction to the gums or with the help of special glue.

The product is made using the latest technology of nylon, has flexibility and softness. It is much easier to get used to such a prosthesis than to plastic. Aesthetic qualities are quite acceptable, but the main advantage is hypoallergenicity.

Among the significant disadvantages:

change in shape during wearing, which involves the replacement of the structure;
high price.

A nylon product is fixed like an acrylic one, but due to the tendency to deformation, the fastening weakens over time, which causes considerable discomfort.

This type of prosthesis is a functional structure based on a telescopic system and attachment elements.

The peculiarity of the products lies in their ability to distribute the chewing load evenly over the entire jaw, as well as to stop the processes of bone tissue atrophy.

There is no significant pressure on the mucous membrane due to the absence of displacement when chewing food, which is achieved thanks to reliable elastic clamps.

A prosthesis is made according to a pre-made cast of the patient's jaw in several stages. The installation of the structure provides for the presence of supporting teeth, therefore, in their absence, several implants are implanted.

The clasp prosthesis is made on the basis of a cast metal arch, on which a polymer gum simulator and artificial teeth are subsequently fixed.

This is the most modern method of prosthetics, characterized by a short adaptation period and a long service life. The main advantage lies in the correct distribution of the chewing load, which eliminates further deformation of the bone and soft tissues of the jaw.

Existing varieties of clasp design and fixing elements allow you to choose the most suitable option that provides comfortable wearing of the product.

The prosthesis is installed on previously implanted implants. They will be required on each side from 2 to 4 units.

Which one is better?

Of the existing methods, the specialist offers several options that are suitable for the patient in terms of physiological parameters and price.

When choosing the best method of prosthetics, it is not the popularity of the product that is taken into account, but the individual characteristics and the place where the prosthesis is installed (upper or lower jaw).

Therefore, from the existing methods, the specialist offers several options that are suitable for the patient in terms of physiological parameters and price.

If we consider the issue in the plane of comfort, then the choice of bar implants looks more advantageous.

In addition to quick adaptation to a foreign body in the mouth, the patient is guaranteed long-term use of the prosthesis, which is highly durable and reliable.

The cost of treatment is more than offset by high aesthetic performance and simple care of the product.

Features of prosthetics of the upper and lower jaw

Prosthetics of the upper part of the jaw is much easier than the lower, due to the presence of a large number of reference points that hold the basis.

In the complete absence of teeth, the entire chewing load is directed to the prosthesis. In the case of the product for the upper row, the chewing load due to the strong fixation is distributed more evenly over the entire jaw, which is difficult to achieve when restoring the lower row.

An extremely small space remains for fixing the base in the lower jaw. This is due to the location of the lingual frenulum, folds of the mucosa. Lack of space precludes the use of products with a valve mechanism.

Even the most well-chosen removable prosthesis will be under the constant mechanical action of the cheeks, which is noticeable when emotions are shown and even when talking. The prosthesis is displaced, causing terrible discomfort.

Taking into account the features of the lower jaw, we can conclude that a clasp design would be a more suitable option for prosthetics.

Before and after prosthetics of teeth in the complete absence

Contraindications

Experts have identified a number of cases in which prosthetics are not performed.

Among the main ones:

Some contraindications have a time limit, so adjustments are made to the treatment process. For example, in case of periodontal disease, complex treatment is first carried out, which is aimed at stopping the process of bone tissue reduction.

Without prior preparation, orthopedic measures will not give the desired effect. In addition, it is necessary to choose the most suitable type of prosthesis. This is a design that is fixed on implanted implants.

Price

One of the most budgetary options for prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth involves the installation of 4 implants (upper and lower jaw) without the use of bone grafting. Such a volume of work with consumables will cost about 180,000 rubles.

The price of treatment increases as the number of implants being implanted increases and more expensive materials are used to make the prosthesis.

If such prices are unaffordable or there are contraindications for the use of local anesthesia, then it is recommended to order a lamellar removable denture at the clinic. The cost of an acrylic product will cost about 20,000 rubles, from nylon - up to 30,000 rubles.

Today, the attitude towards complete removable dentures among the people is largely negative - many associate them with "false jaws" that need to be removed at night and stored in a glass of water. It is generally accepted that they are very uncomfortable to wear, violate diction and can even fall out of the mouth when eating or talking.

Well, all these "horror stories" are not without certain grounds, but to a large extent they are remnants of the Soviet era, when the situation with the quality of manufactured dentures was far from being the best.

On a note

As the name implies, a complete denture is called a denture, used in the complete absence of teeth in the oral cavity. Such prostheses are removable - when the patient himself can remove them (for example, for hygiene procedures), and conditionally removable - when the prosthesis can only be removed by a doctor with the help of special tools.

Fortunately, medicine does not stand still, and today, even with the complete absence of teeth in the oral cavity, quite convenient orthopedic solutions can be found that will not only restore the ability to chew food normally, but also restore the long-lost beauty of a smile.

And last but not least, a full denture today does not have to be uncomfortable to wear, rub the gums, cause a gag reflex or disrupt diction. For example, there are conditionally removable dentures without a palate, fixed on implants, which radically change the idea of the possibilities of prosthetics in "toothless" patients. The combination of surgical and orthopedic treatment allows not only to improve the aesthetic qualities of prostheses, but also to ensure their secure fixation with a significant improvement in functional characteristics that provide comfort while eating, talking, singing, etc.

There are interesting options for prosthetics without implantation, when for a relatively small amount you can get a completely comfortable and outwardly attractive complete removable denture.

What types of complete removable dentures are in the arsenal of dentists

Complete removable prosthetics is considered one of the most difficult areas of orthopedics - after all, the prosthesis needs to be somehow fixed in the oral cavity, where, it would seem, there is simply nothing to attach it to. Partial dentures can be attached to the remaining (supporting) teeth, but with full dentures, alternative methods of attachment have to be sought.

In this case, the orthopedic dentist has to take into account the following nuances:

Causes of tooth loss. For example, difficulties with complete removable prosthetics can arise when teeth are removed against the background of severe generalized periodontitis (the situation is much easier with the planned removal of relatively strong “roots” that cannot be restored);
Time since tooth extraction. If all the teeth were removed a long time ago (for example, more than 10 years ago), then the degree of atrophy of the bone tissue of the alveolar process of the jaw will be significant, and the conditions for prosthetics are worse than if it were carried out soon after the extraction of teeth (1-2 years);
Past and current diseases and operations on the jaws. A number of somatic diseases (especially severe ones) can worsen the conditions for complete removable prosthetics, forcing the prosthodontist to look for suitable alternatives. This applies primarily to elderly patients and people with combined pathologies (blood diseases, endocrine pathologies, oncological, musculoskeletal, etc.).

During prosthetics, the orthopedic dentist takes into account the condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), mucous membranes (their compliance, mobility), the degree of bone tissue atrophy, checks the condition of the cords and the presence of scars, as well as the depth of the palate (deep, medium, flat) and a number of other factors that, in the case of a complete removable denture, can play a decisive role.

On a note

Having determined the conditions for complete removable prosthetics (favorable or difficult) and the financial capabilities of the patient, the doctor can offer the best option for the future prosthesis, explaining the pitfalls of each of the possible options.

It is clear that not everyone can afford full dentures without a palate with attachment to implants (that is, conditionally removable), although they are as convenient and aesthetic as possible. When choosing more budget options, preference, again, if there are financial opportunities, it makes sense to give products made from the most modern materials. The least comfortable prostheses are made of rigid acrylic plastic.

Complete removable dentures of teeth, depending on the material used in their manufacture, are:

Acrylic;
Nylon;
Silicone;
Polyurethane.

All these removable dentures are attached in the oral cavity due to the adhesive mechanism (they stick to the palate and gums - therefore they are sometimes called suction cup dentures, although there are no suction cups as such in their design).

As for the types of fastening of conditionally removable prostheses fixed on pre-installed implants, the following options are distinguished here:

Cover;
Button;
With beam-type clamps.

Each of the dentures, from the simplest (acrylic) to any conditionally removable, has its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice of option largely depends on the financial capabilities of the patient. At the same time, it is important to keep in mind that regardless of the type of complete denture chosen, the result of treatment will directly depend on the level of training of the orthopedist, the dental technician and the logistics of the clinic.

From the practice of a dentist

If you go to order a prosthesis in the dentistry in the basement of an apartment building, where the doctor accepts crowns from the "supplier" wrapped in a bag of newsprint, then it is difficult to count on first-class work. In very many cases, patients then cannot get used to such prostheses - due to manufacturing errors, they greatly interfere and rub the mucosa. As a result, the prosthesis gathers dust on the shelf, since the patient does not wear it.

Complete removable acrylic dentures

The first technologies for the manufacture of complete removable dentures from acrylic plastic (AKP-7) were introduced in the early 1940s and are still widely used in the production of bases for various modern structures in orthopedic dentistry.

The basis is the base of a complete removable denture, on which artificial teeth are fixed. On the upper jaw, the basis is a plate covering the mucous membrane of the hard palate and the alveolar process, and on the lower jaw - the mucous membrane of the alveolar part from the outside and inside.

On a note

Due to the fact that the basis of a complete removable denture is a plate, such dentures are also called laminar.

A complete removable denture does not have the ability to "cling" to the teeth, as they are completely absent. Therefore, in these structures on the upper jaw, the effect of "sucking" to the sky is used, as well as some effect that keeps from displacement is provided by natural anatomical folds and the alveolar ridge.

The prosthesis for the lower jaw does not have such a large “suction” area as in the case of the prosthesis for the upper jaw adjacent to the palate. The design is held due to natural anatomical formations - largely due to a snug fit to the alveolar part.

Among the advantages of a complete removable acrylic prosthesis are:

Low price compared to other designs;
Possibility of repair in case of various types of damage;
Ease of operation;
Acceptable aesthetics, taking into account the relatively low bill for the service.

However, these prostheses are not without serious drawbacks:

Allergy to residual monomer in acrylic bases (although in more expensive options there are ways to eliminate the monomer from plastic);
The relative fragility of the plastic and the risk of fracture under a large simultaneous load;
Low elasticity due to hard acrylic plastic;
Frequent inconsistency of the relief of the inner surface of the base with the prosthetic bed of the mucous membrane (as a result, the reliability of fixing the structure in the oral cavity decreases).

On a note

Acrylic resin dentures can be quite high tech. For example, in 2015, technologies from the Swiss company CANDULOR appeared in Russia, offering a line of high-quality acrylic removable dentures. High aesthetics is achieved, among other things, through the use of plastic, which imitates the gingival capillary system in detail.

The situation is similar with prostheses based on other polymers (polyurethane, silicone, nylon): there are budget products, and there are also more expensive and technologically advanced ones. For example, for the manufacture of the base of a complete removable denture, the Dentalur material based on polyurethane can be used. He was awarded the Gold Medal of the ninth International Forum of High Technologies of the 21st Century and other awards. Dental dentures based on Dentalur are strong, quite elastic (due to this they are comfortable) and have a significant cosmetic advantage over standard acrylic dentures.

Nylon dentures: their pros and cons

Full removable dentures made of nylon are perhaps at the peak of their popularity over the past 10 years today - and there are a number of reasons for this.

Here are some of the main advantages of nylon dentures:

No allergy to the material. In the case of using a nylon prosthesis, unlike acrylic, there is no risk of developing an allergic reaction to the plastic monomer. Against this background, nylon greatly benefits from acrylic plastic, especially in complete removable prosthetics;
High aesthetic values. This parameter could even be put in the first place. Compared with the same acrylic prostheses, nylon ones look “rich”, and, if I may say so in relation to a full denture, they are chic (it is not for nothing that they are sometimes called invisible prostheses);
Wearing comfort. In most cases, these prostheses are easier to get used to and adapt to than standard acrylic ones;
Resistance to mechanical damage. This quality is largely due to some elasticity of the prosthesis - it is not fragile, unlike acrylic plastic. Breaking a nylon prosthesis or somehow severely damaging it is quite difficult.

However, for all their advantages, nylon dentures retain a number of disadvantages that are useful to know about in advance (in many ways, these disadvantages are typical for complete removable dentures in general):

Gradual atrophy of the prosthetic bed. With the complete absence of teeth, the alveolar ridges, experiencing an uneven load from the prosthesis, strongly “sink”. The process can take years, but is almost inevitable;
Fairly rapid loss of aesthetic qualities. Over the years, a change in the color of the prosthesis is possible, which sooner or later will require replacement of the product;
Repairing a nylon prosthesis (unlike acrylic) is almost impossible - it will be easier to make a new product.

It is interesting

Thanks to Acry Free prostheses, it was possible to combine the positive properties of acrylic and nylon prostheses, getting rid of a number of disadvantages that create obstacles for free prosthetics with acrylic and nylon. Acry-free has a good fit ("stickiness") to the mucous membrane, which improves the possibility of fixation in the complete absence of teeth in the upper and lower jaws. The prosthesis is light, non-allergenic, can be corrected, and most importantly, it provokes the phenomena of atrophy of the alveolar bone to a lesser extent.

The photo below shows the Acry-Free prosthesis:

Features of prosthetics with conditionally removable structures

Against the background of the above, a number of well-founded questions arise:

Are such methods of fixation of full dentures as “suction” and anatomical retention (retention due to anatomical formations) sufficient for reliable attachment of the structure in the oral cavity and comfortable use?
Is it possible to somehow improve the reliability of fixation of the prosthesis and increase the degree of comfort when wearing it?

For active elderly people, not only beautiful, but also securely “sitting” prostheses are especially important, capable of chewing almost any food normally.

From the practice of a dentist

Not all patients have the patience to use a removable prosthesis, which, although it does not “rub”, does not “press”, does not “press”, but there is still a feeling of the presence of a foreign object in the oral cavity. And what is most unpleasant is that there is no certainty that this “foreign object” will suddenly one day not fall out of the mouth, for example, when sneezing ...

Considerable assistance in reliable fixation of complete dentures is provided by conditionally removable prosthetics with fastening of the prosthesis on implants. The use of dental implants makes it possible not only to significantly reduce the size of the future prosthesis, making it as comfortable and easy to use as possible, but also completely eliminates the option of the prosthesis “sticking off” during chewing or talking.

At the moment, there are various types of implantation systems in order to fix a removable prosthesis:

Classical - classical implants are installed in the spongy bone of the alveolar processes. Usually, prosthetics are stretched for several months, while the implants take root in the bone tissue;
Basal - in a dense bone, which is deeper than spongy, basal implants are installed. In this case, even with significant atrophy of the bone of the alveolar processes, there is no need to increase it (that is, a sinus lift is usually not required);
Mini-implantation - in this case, narrow mini-implants are installed in the bone, designed to secure the prosthesis. Unlike classic and basal implants, mini-implants are not designed for a significant load, so a full prosthesis must also distribute the load to other parts of the oral cavity (palate, gums).

According to the methods of fixing complete removable dentures on implants, a significant niche in orthopedic dentistry is occupied by:

Micro locking;
Beam fastenings;
Magnetic clamps;
Spherical (spherical) types of fastening;
silicone rings;
Combined options.

On a note

Pre-installation of implants makes complete removable prosthetics as reliable and comfortable as possible, especially in difficult cases (with significant atrophy of the alveolar ridge, strands, etc.), when wearing almost any prosthesis (acrylic, nylon, Acry-free) promises endless trips to the dentist - an orthopedist, suffering during addiction and, as the most extreme option, sending a "puller" to the shelf.

Bar fixation on classic or basal implants is considered one of the most reliable and durable - it provides a secure fit and fixation of the prosthesis even under non-ideal prosthetic conditions.

Magnetic retainers (attachments) hold the prosthesis due to magnetic attraction. This mounting option, compared with other methods, does not provide maximum reliability in holding the prosthesis.

As for ball-shaped attachments, some experts argue that the materials of this type of attachment tend to abrasion and failure (although there are systems that have replaceable wearable parts - their replacement does not require a lot of time and money).

Currently, mini-implantation is actively used (and promoted in advertising by many clinics) for fixing prostheses on the edentulous jaw, however, a number of experts believe that mini-implants are suitable only for temporary prosthetics, but not for permanent ones. Dental mini-implants differ from others in simplified surgical and orthopedic protocols, as well as low cost. They can be installed even in those clinical cases where the use of classical implants is impossible without additional preparatory operations, which can be difficult to tolerate or be contraindicated, especially in the elderly.

As for implant-supported dentures, they can be made from all the same materials as removable dentures (usually nylon, Acry-Free, polyurethane).

Principles of manufacturing complete removable dentures and their installation in the oral cavity

One of the most important stages of prosthetics is the examination of the patient - it includes the study of the state of general health, possible allergies to certain drugs (materials), as well as an assessment of the condition of the prosthetic bed in many ways.

Much attention is paid to assessing the degree of atrophy of the alveolar processes in the upper and lower jaws. The condition of the mucous membrane is checked: mobility, color, “looseness”, the condition of the folds along the ridge and other points. All this allows us to clarify the important nuances of the design of the future prosthesis.

Below, using the example of a complete removable denture made of acrylic plastic, the main stages of manufacturing this design are considered:

Taking impressions and sending them to the laboratory for dental technicians;
Model casting;
Making individual spoons (as needed);
Creation of a basis with bite rollers;
Determination of central occlusion according to wax rollers;
Making a basis for bite rollers (relief modeling);
Setting teeth on glass or on a plane;
Model plastering;
Evaporation of wax;
Mixing and "packing" of plastic;
Finishing the prosthesis;
And, finally, the delivery of the prosthesis to the patient - fitting in the oral cavity.

It is interesting

Standard removable acrylic dentures are made as follows: a liquid material is poured into the mold, where it polymerizes and hardens. In the process of this, a large shrinkage of the material occurs, that is, a decrease in its volume, as a result of which the prosthesis may not correspond to the prosthetic bed and inaccurately adhere to it. In addition, micropores often form in the base, where bacterial plaque will accumulate in the future, provoking bad breath.

A new technique for creating acrylic prostheses using the IVOCAP system (Ivocap) by IVOCLAR (Switzerland) made it possible to eliminate these problems using the injection molding method - plastic is dosed in capsules and pressed under constant pressure and temperature. With this method of manufacturing, the characteristics of the prosthesis are improved.

How to take care of your dentures to make them last longer

After the patient receives a complete removable denture, the orthopedist always explains the nuances of its fixation in the oral cavity, and sometimes also teaches special speech exercises for quick adaptation to the product. Much attention is also paid to the rules for the care of the prosthesis in order to increase its service life and minimize the loss of aesthetics.

It's important to know

Complete removable dentures need daily cleaning, if only because they fit snugly against the mucous membranes and create zones that are poorly washed by saliva.

The most common care products for complete removable dentures are:

Standard denture care regimen:

In the morning and evening, clean from food particles and bacterial plaque with toothpaste and a brush. At the same time, attention should be paid to cleaning not only the outer surface of the prosthesis, but also the inner one, which is in contact with the gums and palate;
Rinse your mouth after each meal and rinse the denture under running water;
Clean the prosthesis before going to bed with special solutions.

For some, it may seem surprising, but dental plaque and even tartar can also be deposited on dentures, so it is useful to apply for preventive examinations at least once a year. In case of significant contamination of the prosthesis, it is given to the dental laboratory, where the dental technician processes the prosthesis to perfect condition.

Proper care of the prosthesis is the key not only to its long service life, but also to an important factor that determines the health of the mucous membranes, the absence of putrid breath and the preservation of aesthetic characteristics (you don’t want the artificial teeth of the prosthesis to turn brown, and the plastic to become unnatural for the gums). shade?)

How much is a complete "puller" now?

The cost of a complete removable denture is determined by a number of factors, among which the most important are the following:

The material from which the denture is made (for example, an acrylic denture will be cheaper than a nylon one);
The presence in the clinic of its own dental laboratory;
Staff qualification level;
The territorial location of dentistry (prices in megacities are usually higher than in small towns);
Individual characteristics of the patient (some anatomical nuances can complicate the manufacture of a high-quality prosthesis).

To put it simply, today only complete removable dentures made of ordinary acrylic plastic are relatively cheap - their use is considered the most budgetary option for complete prosthetics.

“I have been wearing acrylic upper and lower prostheses for only 2 weeks. The top sits great, and the bottom walks. One has only to move the tongue, as the prosthesis rises immediately. I don’t even know what it is about…”

Inna, Moscow

Here are examples of prices for full-removable dentures in one of the St. Petersburg clinics:

Acrylic prosthesis - from 8 thousand rubles;
Prosthesis from Dentalur - from 12 thousand rubles;
Lamellar prosthesis (Ivoclar plastic) - from 14 thousand rubles;
Nylon prosthesis - from 20 thousand rubles;
Nylon prosthesis (materials made in Germany), Acry Free - from 25 thousand rubles;
Removable prosthesis (materials made in Switzerland) "Kandulor" - from 40 thousand rubles.

The combination of orthopedic and surgical care greatly increases the price of treating a patient with a complete absence of teeth - when it comes to conditionally removable prosthetics, the cost of implantation itself makes the main contribution to the final price.

If you have personal experience of using a removable denture in the complete absence of teeth in the upper or lower jaw, please share the information by leaving your feedback at the bottom of this page (in the comments field).

What you need to know about nylon dentures (not advertised)

Interesting nuances of full removable prosthetics

Dentistry is doing wonders these days. Several teeth can be lost due to gum disease, poor hygiene, malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies. This problem can be easily eliminated with the help of prosthetics. What prostheses are better to put if there are no teeth at all? To put a prosthesis, or not? What are they? We offer to answer these and other questions, as well as watch the video in our article.

Dental prosthetics in their complete or partial absence

Dental prosthetics involves the use of removable and non-removable dentures. What type of prosthetics to choose? The decision is made jointly by the specialist and the patient. Possible nuances, indications and contraindications are taken into account. There are quite a few options for solving the problem. Scientific and medical developments are constantly updated - new generation designs are available for everyone who needs help in restoring and improving the quality of life.

Removable way

Removable dentures are independently removed by the patient from the oral cavity without the help of a specialist or any equipment. The removable method of prosthetics is universal. In addition to permanent wear, temporary use of removable dentures is practiced, for example, while waiting for the manufacture of an implant. Dentures are fixed on the gums with the help of special fasteners. Recovery using a removable method ensures that there is no discomfort when wearing. The advantages of prosthetics in this way are as follows:

Fixed way

Fixed dentures without a palate are structures used in the absence of a tooth or several. They make fixtures from plastic, metal-plastic, metal-ceramic. The disadvantages of using fixed structures include a long preparation before installation and the obligatory grinding of teeth under the base of the prosthesis. Characteristics of fixed structures:

operation for a long time is possible;
prosthesis care is quite simple and does not require the use of special tools (we recommend reading: how to care for removable dentures?);
the use of prostheses allows you to eliminate the defect on the front teeth;
makes it possible to form the correct bite;
Properly selected color of the material allows you to create the maximum resemblance to the natural color of your own teeth.

Is there a difference in the prosthetics of the upper and lower jaw?

During implantation, the difference in the features of the upper and lower jaws is insignificant, while when using removable structures, some nuances should be taken into account. Due to individual characteristics and differences in the structure of the upper and lower jaw, different types of prostheses are used.

The lower jaw has a large load during chewing food. This factor, as well as the greater mobility of the lower jaw, prevent a snug fit of the prosthesis. It is recommended to use structures of increased rigidity, which keep their shape better and practically do not deform.

The structural features of the upper jaw allow the prosthesis to be fixed quite tightly. Therefore, in case of complete or partial absence of teeth, the prosthesis for the upper jaw can be made both from hard materials and from elastic and soft ones.

Types of removable dentures

Correction of the complete or partial absence of teeth includes the manufacture of structures that can be removed during sleep and for cleaning. To use the prosthesis, the presence of two supporting elements is sufficient. In the complete absence of teeth, the prosthesis will resemble the whole jaw in appearance, while the design consists of two parts.

The disadvantages of using removable structures include a temporary violation of diction and the fact that not every person can get used to wearing a prosthesis (we recommend reading: how to quickly get used to dentures?). Fuzzy fixation creates the possibility of deformation or breakage of the structure. Various alloys and compounds can serve as materials for the manufacture of removable dentures, but the final choice should be made based on many factors. One of them is the individual physiological characteristics of each patient. The number of missing teeth for material selection is not always significant.

Acrylic

According to its characteristic properties, acrylic is very similar to plastic and has all its positive and negative qualities. Acrylic constructions are used both for partial prosthetics and for cases with a complete absence of teeth. In the second case, the prosthesis will be attached directly to the gums using the fixation of the “closing valve”. With an exact match in size during manufacture, there will normally be a small gap between the gum and the plate device. In everyday life, such structures are often called "suckers".

Acrylic products have high strength and lightness, the construction takes one day to manufacture. The advantages include even distribution of the load on the jaw when chewing, simple care and maintenance. It is very difficult to damage or break such a prosthesis. The duration of the use of the prosthesis largely depends on the rate at which the jaw tissues atrophy. The replacement of the design occurs as needed, on average, the period of wearing one prosthesis is from 2.5 to 5 years.

The disadvantages of acrylic structures include the possibility of developing allergies or poisoning: prolonged use of acrylic products causes the release of toxins. Often there is an injury to soft tissues with a large area and density of contact between the structure and the gums. Acrylic has a porous structure and with insufficient care in the oral cavity, an infectious or inflammatory process may occur. When choosing a material for the manufacture of a prosthesis, the specialist will be required to warn about all the nuances and risks of use.

Nylon

Finished structures made of nylon look so natural that it is impossible to understand from the outside - artificial teeth or your own? Such qualities of nylon as flexibility and softness allow you not to feel any discomfort while wearing the device. The advantages of using nylon for the manufacture of a removable prosthesis include:

no risk of injury to soft tissues in the oral cavity;
safety (material is hypoallergenic) and long service life without any harm to human health and well-being;
the color of the nylon construction does not change regardless of the period of use;
the softness and lightness of the material allow you not to feel the presence of a foreign object in the oral cavity.

The disadvantages of nylon prostheses include the complexity of care: cleaning should be done only with special tools. Otherwise, the nylon prosthesis will require additional polishing. Repair, in the event of a breakdown, most likely will not work, a complete replacement of the structure will be required.

Based on beam fixation

Beam fixation makes it possible to compensate for visual imperfections and maximize the chewing functions of the jaw apparatus (see photo). The installation process takes place in stages:

The advantages of beam prosthetics is the use of a small amount of material, this avoids changes in diction and the sensation of a foreign object in the mouth. When using four supporting implants, the load on the jaw during chewing is distributed as evenly as possible.

Types of fixed dentures

Modern technologies in the field of prosthetics make it possible to achieve the maximum similarity of prostheses with natural teeth (for more details, see the article: what are the modern methods of prosthetics in the absence of them?). Fixed types of prosthetics are used in the absence of one or more teeth in a row.

With a preserved tooth root, a single crown is used. In the event that the root is lost, it is possible to install a titanium implant, which can serve as the basis for the crown.

Microprosthetics is used in aesthetic dentistry to form the correct dentition. This includes the installation of veneers and lumineers. If several teeth are missing in a row, a dental bridge is used. The advantages of fixed structures are:

long period of use;
simple care;
full correction of the defect on the front teeth;
the ability to form the correct bite.

Metal-ceramic

Based on zirconia

Options for prosthetics using zirconia is applied to the anterior and posterior teeth. Zirconium has strength, wear resistance and safety. Prostheses are made by milling, to increase the strength of the finished structure is subjected to high temperatures. The service life of structures made of zirconium dioxide is unlimited. The properties of the material make it possible to produce aesthetic dentures without a palate of the highest quality, indistinguishable from your own teeth. To care for a zirconium prosthesis, it is not recommended to use toothpastes containing abrasive particles.

Clasp prosthetics

The basis of the clasp construction is an arc (metal frame) with an artificial dentition - see the photo. In the manufacture of an individual frame, a high-precision casting method is used from titanium or chromium-cobalt alloys. At the request of the patient, it is possible to use a gold-platinum alloy. The clasp-type design is adjusted as accurately as possible, so the load is distributed more evenly and no problems with diction are created. The qualities of clasp prosthetics are ease of use, high strength and durability.

What type of prosthesis is better to choose?

Prosthetics with the help of implants has gained great popularity. A feature of this design is reliable fixation and there is no risk that the prosthesis will fall out of the mouth at the most inopportune time. For reliable fastening of removable structures, experts recommend using special tools, but in some cases, the use of gels for fixation can cause allergies. When using removable dentures, bone tissue may atrophy over time, which will lead to the impossibility of using implantation. The best prostheses for the removal of chewing teeth are clasp and made on the basis of beam fixation.