Remedies for gingivitis in adults. Treatment of gingivitis at home. Preventing the development of gingivitis

Gingivitis is a common disease and is often diagnosed in adults, with symptoms and treatment depending on the form of the disease. The article presents photos, and also describes the reasons that lead to the development of inflammation of the gums.

Gingivitis develops as an independent or concomitant lesion of the gums. Clinical manifestations are diverse due to the variety of forms of the disease, therefore, treatment tactics vary depending on the type and degree of involvement of the gums in the process.

What is gingivitis?

Gingivitis is called inflammation of the marginal gums, which can affect both a single papilla located between two adjacent teeth and an extensive area covering the entire jaw. The disease spreads only to the mucous membrane, while the bone structure remains unchanged - the teeth do not move.

The disease has characteristic signs, the severity of which varies from the severity of the course of gingivitis. The medical history has classic signs of an inflammatory process.

1. Gingival hyperemia.
2. Bleeding.
3. Swelling of soft tissues.

In addition, a frequent companion of gingivitis is pain that makes it difficult to eat. The disease is one of the mildest manifestations of periodontal pathology, and with timely therapy, it can be easily treated without complications.

Types and classification

Practicing dentists adhere to the clinical classification of the disease, in which there is a division of gingivitis according to the severity, form of the disease, localization and other signs.

According to the severity of gingivitis, they are classified:

• mild form - manifested by mild hyperemia of the papilla, while the person does not complain, except for the occurrence of bleeding during brushing;
• medium - captures the entire edge of the free gum, while there is bleeding, slight swelling and redness;
• severe - the inflammatory process extends to the alveolar part of the mucosa, halitosis occurs, severe swelling and hyperemia, causing severe pain.

According to the nature of the course of the disease, gingivitis is:

• acute - the clinical picture is very pronounced, the patient indicates a deterioration, severe discomfort in the mouth and inflammation of the gums;
• chronic - characterized by a sluggish development of the disease, which does not violate the usual way of life;
• exacerbation of chronic gingivitis - pathology occurs after exposure to causative factors and resembles an acute form of the disease.

External manifestations of gingivitis are manifested by its appearance. According to the form and difference of the clinical picture, the disease is divided into four groups:

• - the simplest form and manifests itself in inflammation of the interdental papillae and marginal gums. At the same time, it becomes smoothed, relief is lost, bleeding occurs during probing and a large amount of both soft and mineralized plaque is determined;
• ulcerative necrotic - characterized by a severe course, worsening of the condition, hyperthermia joins the standard manifestations of inflammation of the gums, ulcers form on the mucous membrane;
• hypertrophic - there is an overgrowth of soft tissues, due to which the crowns of the teeth are partially or completely hidden by the gum, which hurts and severely itches, and also bleeds;
• atrophic - with this form of gingivitis, a pathological process opposite to the previous one is observed - there is a decrease in soft tissues, which leads to the formation of recessions. The disease is common among children.

Inflammation of the gums is not only an independent disease - some of its forms are concomitant and indicate the presence of disturbances in the functioning of the body.

1. Desquamative gingivitis often accompanies dermatological disorders or is one of the symptoms of allergies. It is expressed in the desquamation of the epithelium of the gums, because of which it becomes scarlet, bleeding and painful.
2. Herpetic gingivitis - occurs against the background of a weakened immune response of the body and is caused by the herpes simplex virus. It has the characteristic features of a herpetic infection - vesicles, after damage to which erosion occurs.
3. Gingivitis Vincent - the cause of the disease is considered to be Vincent's spirochete. Manifested by ulcerative necrotic foci on the gums.

What causes gingivitis? The main causes of occurrence

The main source, from which, is considered to be a low level. Abundant soft plaque, accumulation of stones, both above the gum and below it, provokes the reproduction of pathogenic microflora, and also has a mechanical effect on periodontal tissues. The body tries to fight the infection, resulting in an inflammatory response.

In addition to cleanliness in the oral cavity, there are other reasons why gingivitis occurs.

1. The fall in the level of the body's immune defenses.
2. bite pathology.
3. Poor-quality sanitation of the oral cavity (overhanging edges of restorations and sharp edges of tooth-replacing structures that injure the gums).
4. Mineralized supra- and subgingival deposits.
5. Pregnancy period.
6. Disturbances in the level of hormones on the background of puberty.
7. Avitaminosis and mineral deficiency.
8. gum injury.
9. Serious diseases (AIDS, diabetes, hepatitis)

The tooth is covered with a pellicle - the thinnest shell of their glycoproteins, which serves as a covering mantle for enamel. In the process of brushing the teeth, it is eliminated, but after a short time it reappears. Biofilm is involved in the formation of dental plaque. With a low hygienic status of the oral cavity, the pellicle serves as a place for the accumulation of microbes that release toxins that act negatively on soft tissues. In the place of greatest contact, inflammation of the gums occurs.

Photo

Symptoms

Signs of gingivitis are different, depending on the form of the disease. But there are common symptoms that indicate the development of inflammation in the gums.

1. Hyperemia.
2. Soreness of varying degrees.
3. Puffiness and increase in size.
4. Increased sensitivity and decreased mucosal irritability threshold.
5. Gingival contour disorder.

A frequent companion of gingivitis is. It appears due to the difficulty of high-quality cleansing of the enlarged gums and the removal of food residues from false periodontal pockets.

Let us consider in more detail the manifestations of each of the forms of gingivitis:

• catarrhal - characterized by common signs of gingivitis, the patient does not complain, except for the mention of bleeding;
• ulcerative-necrotic - the surface of the gums is covered with ulcers, in the absence of proper treatment, which necrotize, while the general state of health worsens, a slight temperature occurs, pain in the oral cavity and halitosis appear. Often this form of gingivitis is accompanied by an increase in the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes;
• hypertrophic - there is a strong growth of the gums, covering a significant part of the tooth, while it does not lose its density. The color of altered tissues may remain unchanged;
• atrophic - involution of the marginal area is observed, gingival papillae decrease in size, which leads to the formation of free space between the teeth, gum recession is formed. Bleeding and discomfort may not be observed.

Main differences between gingivitis and other gum diseases

Differential diagnosis of various forms of gingivitis is carried out with periodontitis and periodontal disease.

The main differences between simple inflammation of the gums and periodontitis are as follows.

1. Periodontitis is a consequence of gingivitis, which has not been cured in a timely manner.
2. With periodontitis, the alveolus is destroyed and the height of attachment of the ligaments decreases, due to which the tooth is held in the hole.
3. Pathological pockets are formed.

Refers to destructive processes, so the main difference between these two diseases is the atrophy of the interdental septa and exposure of the roots, which causes loosening of the teeth. With chronic development of periodontal disease, symptoms of inflammation are not observed.

How to treat gingivitis?

When diagnosing gingivitis in the early stages, it is easily treatable. Thanks to modern techniques, recovery occurs after 10-15 days from the start of treatment for gum disease. However, if the disease has passed to the stage of chronicity, then it will not be easy to get rid of it.

The choice of treatment method depends on several parameters that must be taken into account when drawing up an individual method of sanitation of the oral cavity.

1. form of the disease.
2. The severity of the lesion.
3. Etiology of gingivitis.
4. Patient's age.

To cure gingivitis, an integrated approach is required, including both local and general effects. Treatment begins with a quality diagnosis, after which the periodontist performs a professional cleaning of the teeth: removes soft plaque and tartar, and then polishes the surface of the tooth.

Already at this stage, there is a significant improvement in the clinical picture. Many patients, inspired by the observed changes, do not continue the treatment prescribed by the doctor, which soon leads to a relapse.

Gingivitis therapy involves the use of drugs, and if there is severe damage to the gums, then such patients need a small surgical intervention:

• vitamin complexes - allow you to maintain immunity, and the use of vitamin C helps to increase the elasticity of the vascular wall, due to which its fragility decreases and bleeding stops;
• antibiotics - most often used in ulcerative necrotic form to eliminate pathogenic bacteria. The most effective agents are metronidazole, lincomycin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. Preparations are prescribed both for oral administration and in the form of local applications of ointments;
• - a popular tool used in cases where it is necessary to achieve surface disinfection. Rinsing with a solution of the drug 2-3 times a day significantly reduces the level of contamination of the oral cavity;
• - a gel used to eliminate dental inflammatory processes. In addition to the main action, it has an analgesic effect and fights bacteria. After brushing the teeth, antiseptic rinsing and drying the affected surface with a gauze swab, the product is rubbed into the gums. The procedure is performed for 10 days twice a day;
• Tantum Verde - a solution based on benzydamine hydrochloride, has an effect that eliminates inflammation. It is used in the form of rinses performed twice daily for 10 days.

In addition to taking medications, you need to monitor the quality of cleansing the oral cavity, change your toothbrush to a softer one, and use toothpaste designed to stop gum disease. Remember that medicines, especially antibiotics, are used only as directed by a periodontist.

Treatment at home

It is possible to carry out home therapy for gum inflammation, but before you get rid of gingivitis with the help of traditional medicine, be sure to visit a dentist. The use of herbal medicine gives a good result in complex treatment after medical manipulations in the oral cavity:

• decoction of calendula - strain the infusion of a medicinal plant steamed in a thermos and use it to wash the gums in the morning and evening, and also after each meal;
• oak bark - the agent has not only an anti-inflammatory, but also an astringent effect, due to which bleeding is quickly eliminated;
• sage infusion - 2 tablespoons of dry collection should be poured with 300 ml of boiling water and let it brew, after which you can rinse your gums 4-5 times a day;
• a decoction of chamomile - place 10 g of chamomile flowers in an enameled vessel, pour 0.5 liters of water and boil. After cooling, it is used to irrigate the oral cavity.

When treating gingivitis, be guided by the opinion of a specialist and do not use the advice of people who do not have a medical education, because incorrect therapy for inflamed gums can lead to complications.

Nutrition Features

To stop gingivitis, it is important to pay attention to the foods that make up the daily diet.

1. Vitamin C, contained in citrus fruits, currants, sauerkraut, helps eliminate bleeding and strengthen blood vessels.
2. Apples and pears contain a lot of pectin and substances that promote enhanced regeneration.
3. Carrots, zucchini, grapes contain antioxidants that speed up metabolic processes and reduce the period required for soft tissue healing.

During the period of exacerbation of the disease, do not eat foods rich in fast carbohydrates, because they are a favorable environment for the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. Avoid spicy and salty foods to avoid gum irritation.

During pregnancy

Gingivitis during pregnancy is classified as a separate group of gum disease. During the period of bearing a child, the female body is subjected to serious stress, reserve forces and substances are expended on the development of the fetus.

The altered hormonal background negatively affects the condition of the bones and soft tissues of the oral cavity. With insufficient hygienic care and a small intake of vitamins and microelements into the maternal body, vascular permeability is disturbed, which leads to. It becomes hyperemic, loose and edematous.

To avoid this unpleasant complication during pregnancy, you must follow simple recommendations.

1. Visits to the dentist for the purpose of professional hygiene.
2. Take care of your oral health.
3. Eat fully.
4. To care for the gums, use not only a brush with a paste, but also flosses, rinses and an irrigator.

Video: gingivitis - definition, causes, symptoms.

Prevention

Preventing gum disease is quite simple, for this you should make it a habit to follow these steps:

• keep an eye on your oral health and visit the dentist for preventive checkups;
• eat food rich in vitamins, eat fruits, vegetables, dairy and meat products;
• take care of your teeth and gums daily: brush twice a day, floss between teeth, rinse your mouth with clean water after eating;
• perform professional hygiene at least once every six months.

Additional questions

ICD-10 code

Gingivitis and periodontal disease are classified in class K05. In this case, the acute form has the code K05.0, with the exception of herpetic gingivitis (B00.2) and ulcerative necrotic (A69.1). Chronic inflammation of the gums is coded K05.1

Is gingivitis contagious or not?

Inflammation of the gums is not a contagious disease, with the exception of gingivitis caused by the herpes simplex virus.

What is the difference between periodontal disease, periodontitis, gingivitis?

All three diseases are related to the pathology of the gingival tissue, but differ in the degree of involvement in the process of deep periodontal structures. With gingivitis, only inflammation in the gums is observed, without affecting the ligaments and jawbone. Periodontitis is characterized by a decrease in the height of the alveolar septa and the formation of periodontal pockets. Periodontitis refers to destructive diseases, therefore, with such a lesion, there is a decrease in the height of the attachment of the gums, exposure of the roots, atrophy of the bone tissue, which leads to tooth mobility.

How many days are treated?

It is possible to achieve a cure for gingivitis at the acute stage, subject to the fulfillment of all the requirements of the periodontist and an integrated approach, in 10-12 days. In the chronic course of the process, systematic courses should be carried out aimed at obtaining a stable remission of the disease.

Gingivitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the gum line. Inflammation can cover the gums around all the teeth and then it is called generalized.

Gingivitis in the early stages is quite common. Between the ages of 14 and 19 years, gingivitis occurs in 80% of cases. In adults, gingivitis can turn into a more complex disease - periodontitis.

Anatomy of teeth and gums

The gum is the mucous membrane located in the region of the upper and lower jaw, which covers the teeth to the level of the neck. The gum is divided into two parts:

• Free gum - surrounds the teeth and has a pale pink color. There is a small space between the teeth and gums, about one millimeter deep, called the gum pocket.
• The attached part of the gingiva is located behind the free gingiva and differs in color (coral red). This part of the gum is tightly connected to the alveolar processes of the jaws.

Gum functions:

1. The main function of the gums is to hold the teeth in place.
2. Gums protect underlying structures

Reasons for the development of gingivitis

It is believed that the main cause of gingivitis is microbial plaque. Microbial plaque appears with improper or irregular brushing of teeth. Microbial plaque also appears as a result of a violation of the natural cleaning of the teeth. The cause of this disorder is the consumption of a large amount of carbohydrates (sweets), respectively, a decrease in the consumption of foods such as vegetables and fruits.

Reduced immunity plays an important role in the development of the disease. This leads to a weakening of the immune response and the development of a large number of microbes in the oral cavity.
Factors that increase the risk of developing gingivitis:

• Change in the quantity and quality of secreted saliva. As a rule, with this pathology, a reduced amount of protective factors is found in saliva.
• Breathing through the mouth (not normal). Leads to the accumulation of various microorganisms in the oral cavity. During normal breathing (through the nose), microbes are rendered harmless in the nasal cavity.
• Mechanical trauma to the gums (for example, with inaccurate brushing of teeth)
• Chemical gum injury - eating strong acids (vinegar essence)
• Physical injury to the gums (usually from eating food that is too hot or too cold)
• Hormonal disorders can lead to hypertrophic gingivitis
• Anomalies in the development of teeth (deep bite, crowding of teeth)
• Frequent hypothermia, tonsillitis. Lead to a weakening of the body's defenses.

The inflammatory process in the gums develops as follows:

• The initial inflammation (acute gingivitis) occurs approximately 3-4 days after the formation of microbial plaque on the teeth. If a person has good immunity, then the disease ends in a few days. In the case when the immune system fails, the disease becomes protracted.

• Secondary inflammation (chronic gingivitis) occurs 3-4 weeks after acute gingivitis. Chronic gingivitis proceeds in phases: first, an exacerbation occurs, which is then replaced by a temporary remission (improvement). Then the phases are repeated.

Types of gingivitis: catarrhal, hypertrophic, ulcerative, atrophic

signs	Catarrhal gingivitis	Hypertrophic gingivitis	Ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis	Atrophic gingivitis
Bleeding gums	Bleeding gums when brushing teeth	Bleeding gums present	Bleeding gums is the first symptom of the disease	Bleeding gums are not typical
Pain	Uncomfortable sensation or itching	Soreness is present	Soreness is expressed	Hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli
Presence of ulcers	Missing	Not typical	Ulcers are the main symptom of this form	Ulcers are not seen
The presence of hypertro fii gums	Absent	The main symptom of this form of the disease	Not typical	No gum hypertrophy
Body temperature	Usually does not change	Rarely rise (up to 38 degrees Celsius)	Body temperature can reach 39 degrees Celsius	Usually remains normal
Changes in the gums	Gingival edema and hyperemia	The gingival papillae are sharply enlarged and hyperemic. baths. There is tartar and soft plaque.	The presence of flaking dead gum tissue and the presence of a large number of ulcers	Reduction in the size of the gums, which leads to the exposure of the roots of the teeth
Likely more complicated ny	Low chance of complications	Leads to changes in the normal shape and structure of the gums	Increased risk of infection (abscess)	Can develop into periodontitis over time
The course of gingivitis	Chronic course (exacerbations are replaced by incomplete remissions)	Gradually, hypertrophic changes increase	Over time, the number of ulcers and dead areas on the gums becomes more	Gum atrophy is constantly progressing

Catarrhal gingivitis occurs most easily. Hypertrophic gingivitis leads to a change in the shape of the gums in the form of an increase in its volume.

Symptoms of gingivitis

Patients complain of bleeding gums of varying degrees. Usually, bleeding increases when brushing your teeth, as well as when eating hard foods.

Itchy gums - usually appears when eating, is characterized by an unpleasant sensation and a desire to scratch the gums.

Sore gums that make eating difficult, aggravated by brushing teeth, sometimes affecting speech. Very often, the pain is accompanied by an increase in body temperature up to 39 degrees Celsius.
With the hypertrophic form of gingivitis, patients complain of gum growth, deformation of the interdental spaces of the gums.

When examining the oral cavity, symptoms such as:

• Hyperemia and swelling of the gums in the area of ​​​​several teeth with a localized form, or in the area of ​​\u200b\u200ball teeth with a diffuse form
• Dental joints, unlike periodontitis, are not damaged.
• Presence of dental plaque or tartar
• With ulcerative necrotic gingivitis, the appearance of ulcers with elements of dead tissue

Diagnosis of gingivitis

Various indexes are used to determine local changes.

Microbial index- used to determine the amount of accumulation of microbial plaque. This index is necessary to prescribe the correct treatment.

Bleeding index speaks for the severity of gingivitis.

General blood analysis may be unchanged or with a slight increase in the number of leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In severe cases, they resort to the study of capillary blood from the affected gum to determine the degree of inflammation.

X-ray examination of teeth- at an early stage of the inflammatory process, the bone tissue is not affected. In chronic gingivitis, changes such as: foci of osteoporosis (decrease in bone density) are possible.

Treatment of gingivitis

Treatmentcatarrhal gingivitis	First stage treatment of catarrhal gingivitis: Removal of tartar and soft bacterial plaque. This procedure is carried out only in the office of a dentist. Tartar and soft bacterial plaque are removed using special ultrasonic units. After that, grinding of the surface of the teeth, from which dental deposits were previously removed, is necessarily carried out. This procedure significantly reduces the risk of tartar formation. Second phase treatment of catarrhal gingivitis. This stage includes anti-inflammatory therapy. It is carried out either at the dentist (in severe cases) or at home. Rinse with chlorhexidine or furamistin or furacilin is prescribed. Rinsing with a solution of chlorhexidine 0.05% is done after each meal. Before rinsing with this solution, rinse your mouth with plain water to remove food debris. After that, rinse your mouth with 10-15 milliliters of the solution for at least 25 seconds. Rinsing with a solution of furamistin 0.01% is carried out according to the same rules described above. Rinse with a solution of furatsilina. A ready-made solution of 0.02% is used, or one tablet of furacilin can be crushed and then diluted with a glass of warm water. In addition to rinsing, gels or ointments should be used. These products are used after rinsing, having previously dried the surface on which you will apply the gel with a cotton or gauze swab. Gels: 1. Holisal. The gel is applied to the inflamed areas of the gums 3 times a day, has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. 2. Solcoseryl (gel for teeth). The drug heals bleeding gums well. It must be applied on both sides of the gum. 3. Asepta gel. The drug is well suited for the treatment of chronic gingivitis (relieves chronic inflammation, itching). It is applied 2-3 times a day. Ointment Apident - active. Ointment based on natural ingredients well relieves pain, inflammation. The ointment is applied to the inflamed areas and gently rubbed in a circular motion for better absorption. The duration of anti-inflammatory treatment is on average 10-20 days. Third stage. Examination of teeth by a dentist for the possibility of caries. Caries as a secondary and chronic infection can be the cause of chronic inflammation of the gums. Fourth stage. After the disappearance of the symptoms of gingivitis, training by the dentist in proper oral hygiene. This measure will significantly reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease.
Treatment of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis	In addition to the treatment described above, surgical treatment is necessary. It consists in removing dead gum tissue. Repeated courses of antibiotics locally and systemically are necessary. Treatment of intoxication with various solutions and vitamins. The use of drugs that restore the mucous membrane of the gums.
Treatment of hypertrophic gingivitis	An obligatory part of the treatment is the removal of plaque and the suppression of the inflammatory process. If the treatment does not help, then other methods of therapy are used, which depend on the form of hypertrophic gingivitis. Edematous form (gingival edema predominates) - drugs are used that reduce hypertrophy (sclerosing drugs). Anesthesia is carried out, then a drug is injected into the gum (10% calcium chloride solution or 25% magnesium sulfate solution). Several such introductions are assigned. The interval between them is 2-3 days. Fibrous form (hypertrophy predominates due to fibrous tissue). With this form, surgical treatment is used (removal of hypertrophic areas). After the operation, anti-inflammatory therapy and vitamin therapy are prescribed, as well as various gels for wound healing.

Folk remedies for the treatment of gingivitis

• pine needles- have an antimicrobial effect, and also eliminate bad breath.

Method of preparation: pour 1-2 tablespoons of needles into a glass of hot water and boil. Then insist for 30-40 minutes. With this decoction, you need to rinse your mouth 3-4 times a day, and also take 50 milliliters inside 2-3 times a day.

• Sage- has an anti-inflammatory effect, and also reduces gum bleeding.

Cooking method: Boil 2 tablespoons of sage in 500 milliliters of water for 10-15 minutes. Then the broth is infused for an hour. Then we filter the broth and rinse 3-4 times a day.

• herbal collection- helps to relieve inflammation, bleeding and pain, as well as eliminate bad breath.

Method of preparation: this requires oregano 40 grams, St. John's wort 40 grams, peppermint 70 grams. Mix all herbs. We take 3 tablespoons of the collection and pour 300 milliliters of boiling water and cook for 30 minutes over low heat. We insist about one and a half to two hours and then filter. Rinse your mouth with this decoction after eating.

• Aloe- used to prevent bleeding gums.

Method of application: fresh washed aloe leaves to chew 2-3 times a day.

• turnip leaves- to relieve bleeding and inflammation.

Method of preparation: 30 grams of turnip leaves should be poured with 30 milliliters of boiling water. Infuse for 30 minutes, then cool. Rinse your mouth with this decoction 3 times a day.

• pharmaceutical camomile- has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

Method of preparation: chamomile flowers 4 tablespoons and 3 tablespoons of linden flowers, mix and grind. Then fill the floor with a liter of hot water and boil for 20 minutes. After that, leave to infuse for 30 minutes. Rinse your mouth with this decoction 3 times a day.

How to choose the right toothbrush and toothpaste?

The right toothbrush reduces the risk of all dental diseases. Toothbrushes are best purchased at drugstores or supermarkets. The ideal brush should have a bristle with rounded tips, a comfortable handle and bristles of medium hardness. Hard bristles should not be used. The soft bristles are well suited for temperature sensitive teeth and gums prone to bleeding.

Toothpaste should be chosen individually, taking into account what your teeth and gums need. Components to look out for when choosing a toothpaste:

• Chlorides and nitric potassium - are part of the pastes for sensitive teeth
• Pyrophosphates - chemical compounds that fight the formation of plaque and tartar
• Fluoride - reduces the risk of caries
• Whitening ingredients - brighten the color of the teeth. However, the use of such toothpastes should be limited to 2 times a week, as these components can damage the enamel.
• Sodium sulfate - reduces pain in stomatitis
• Toothpaste should not contain toxic antimicrobial substances

An important role is played by the age of the person using toothpaste:

• Usually, a paste with fluorine compounds is recommended for children.
• For teenagers, calcium paste is recommended
• Adults - according to indications

When choosing a toothpaste, you should consult with your dentist. It should be remembered that you can not use the same toothpaste for a long time, this leads to an imbalance in the structures of the teeth and gums.
The use of dental floss and dental balms is also recommended. Flossing helps clean between your teeth where a brush can't reach, while a balm helps enhance the cleansing action of the toothpaste and prolongs the feeling of freshness in your mouth.

Prevention of gingivitis

The main method of prevention is proper and regular oral hygiene. To do this, you need to brush your teeth in the morning and evening, and rinse your mouth after each meal. From toothpastes, pastes should be used that remove plaque well and prevent bleeding gums.

Proper nutrition will also reduce the risk of developing gingivitis. Eat more fruits and vegetables in various forms (boiled, stewed, fresh). You should limit the use of sweets (chocolate, cakes, sweets).

Contact the dentist in case of symptoms of the disease, as well as preventive examination by the dentist every six months.

Gingivitis in children and pregnant women

Good day, dear readers!

In today's article, we will consider with you such gum disease as gingivitis, its causes, symptoms, types, diagnosis, treatment with traditional and folk remedies, as well as the prevention of gingivitis. I also suggest that you join the discussion of gingivitis in the comments or on the forum. So…

What is gingivitis?

Gingivitis ( lat. gingivitis)- gum disease, characterized by inflammation - redness, swelling and bleeding. In most cases, gingivitis is not an independent disease, but only expresses the presence of other oral diseases - periodontal disease, various infectious diseases, but at the same time, if this disease is not treated properly, it can lead to tooth loss.

Most often, gingivitis occurs in children, pregnant women and people over 30, which is associated with hormonal changes in the body.

Gingivitis. ICD

ICD-10: K05.0, K05.1;
ICD-9: 523.0-523.1.

Causes of gingivitis

There are quite a number of causes of gingivitis, and all of them can be divided into two groups - internal and external.

Internal causes of gingivitis:

• gum injury due to tooth growth;
• bite deformity, which also often leads to damage to the gums;
• disorders in the work of the immune, endocrine, circulatory and cardiovascular systems, lack of vitamins ();
• dental problems - tartar, plaque,;
• insufficient care of the oral cavity - food residues, pathogenic microflora are constantly present in the teeth, this reason is especially characteristic of children;
• various diseases:,.

External causes or factors leading to the development of gingivitis:

• physical injury to the mucous membrane of the gums - burns, injuries (for example, with a hard toothbrush), a mobile temporary tooth;
• chemical damage caused by aggressive chemicals, heavy metals (bismuth, lead);
• biological causes - damage to the gums as a result of exposure to pathogenic microflora (infection);
• medical factor - the development of gingivitis is provoked by medical intervention, for example, due to an incorrectly applied filling;
• smoking;
• mouth breathing;
• radiation damage;
• long-term use of oral contraceptives and other drugs.

Inflammation of the gums is characterized by the following symptoms:

• (redness);
• Bleeding gums;
• Swelling of the mucous membrane;
• Hypertrophy;
• The appearance of ulcers on the gums;
• Certain soreness when eating;
• Slight itching of the gums.

Additional symptoms of gingivitis may also include:

• severe pain when eating;
• increase in body temperature to;
• unpleasant odor from the mouth;
• pain when cold or hot drink, air enters the oral cavity.

Gingivitis - classification

Gingivitis is classified into the following types:

By shape

Acute gingivitis. Inflammation of the gums is accompanied by frequent pain, bleeding and other signs of the disease, almost without stopping.

Chronic gingivitis. The inflammatory process is exacerbated mainly in winter and spring, which is primarily due to a lack of vitamins in the body.

By gravity

Easy degree. It is characterized by a mild course of the disease. The interdental papillae are predominantly affected.

Average degree. The inflammatory process, in addition to the interdental papillae, also covers the marginal (free) gum.

Severe degree. Inflammation extends to the entire gum, including its alveolar part.

By localization

Localized gingivitis. Inflammation is subjected to one or more, independent of each other sections of the gums.

Generalized gingivitis. The inflammatory process extends to the gum in the region of all teeth, one or both jaws.

By the nature of the injury

Catarrhal gingivitis. It is characterized by swelling, redness, bleeding, slight itching in the affected area, soreness when eating, bad breath, taste disturbance, cyanosis of the gums and a slight increase in body temperature (up to).

atrophic gingivitis. It is characterized by a decrease in inflamed gum tissue, gradually exposing the root of the tooth. The main signs of atrophic gingivitis are painful sensations when the inflamed gums come into contact with cold and hot. One of the main reasons is underdosed orthodontic treatment, insufficiency of the alveolar basis, as well as a violation in the growth and development of parts of the gums (bridles, gingival ligaments).

Hypertrophic gingivitis. It is characterized by an increase in the gingival papillae, which, depending on the severity, can cover from 1/3 to 2/3 of the tooth, and even completely cover it. The insidiousness of this type lies in the absence of clinical symptoms of the disease in the initial stages, so this type of disease can be attributed to the chronic form. Signs of hypertrophic gingivitis are bleeding and soreness of the gums when it comes into contact with food, bad breath, and rarely, death of the tops of hypertrophied gingival papillae. Among the most common causes can be noted - diseases of the endocrine and circulatory systems, taking diphenine drugs, malocclusion. By localization, it most often manifests itself on the frontal part of the gingival margin of the vestibular surface of the anterior teeth.

Ulcerative or ulcerative necrotic gingivitis. It is characterized, first of all, by the appearance of ulcers and necrotic areas at the site of inflammation. In addition, ulcerative necrotic gingivitis is characterized by the presence of an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, severe soreness of the gums when eating, general weakness, swollen lymph nodes, bluish gingival margin, swelling, bleeding of the inflamed gums with the slightest injury and fever, up to 39 ° C , plaque on the tongue, viscous and viscous saliva. With a complication, the gingival papillae and marginal gingiva die off. Children with ulcerative gingivitis can behave nervously, sleep poorly, and rapidly lose weight. Ulcerative gingivitis develops due to serious violations of the body's reactivity, the cause of which may be general diseases or a decrease in the resistance of gum tissues. This type appears mainly after the catarrhal type of gingivitis. Thus, doctors note that ulcerative gingivitis is often observed in people who have had diseases such as SARS, after teething, etc.

Gingivitis - diagnosis

Diagnosis of gingivitis includes:

• Collection of anamnesis;
• visual inspection;
• Instrumental inspection;
• teeth;
• Indices - microbial and bleeding.

Treatment of gingivitis is carried out in stages, and includes:

1. Cleansing your teeth. A thorough cleaning of the teeth and oral cavity is carried out. Plaque is removed from the teeth, tartar is removed. The cleaning procedure is carried out mainly with an ultrasonic device, if there are no contraindications. Next is teeth grinding.

2. Anti-inflammatory therapy. This stage begins with rinsing, which is necessary to remove dirt from the surface of the teeth, especially after eating. For rinsing, products such as Chlorhexidine, Furacilin, Furamistin are excellent. Among herbal remedies, tincture of calendula, tincture of Japanese Sophora, decoction, arnica flowers can be distinguished. Rinse should be carried out after each meal, first with plain water, then with a solution of the above remedies.

To reduce swelling, bleeding and other signs of inflammatory processes, anti-inflammatory gels and ointments are used after rinsing. They also contribute to pain relief and the fastest healing of wounds. For this purpose, such means as: Asepta Gel, Solcoseryl, "", "Apident - asset" have proven themselves well. Before using the products, the gums must be dried. The course of treatment ranges from several to 20 days, depending on the remedy and the severity of gum disease.

For local anti-inflammatory therapy, they can also prescribe a 0.1% solution of mefenamin sodium salt

3. After reducing the symptoms of gingivitis, the dentist examines the teeth, and, if necessary, treats the possible causes of this disease -. In addition, in the presence of other diseases, symptomatic treatment is carried out, therefore, the treatment of gingivitis can often be carried out immediately by two or three doctors, for example, or.

4. Antibacterial therapy. With gingivitis of infectious etiology, herbal antibacterial drugs are prescribed - Novoimanin, Sodium usninat, Salvin.

5. Treatment of ulcerative necrotic gingivitis includes taking antihistamines ("", "", ""), a diet (rich in easily digestible proteins and vitamins), drinking plenty of water, vitamin therapy (C and P).

6. Surgical intervention. In the presence of necrotic areas (dead tissue), surgical treatment is performed. It is also used for hypertrophic gingivitis, if the tooth is completely covered with gum tissue.

7. Recovery. After the main course of treatment, drugs are prescribed to restore the mucous membrane of the gums.

8. Orthodontist. If necessary, to correct the pathologies of the development of teeth, jaw, treatment by an orthodontist is recommended.

Additional Treatment

In addition, to the main treatment, the attending physician may prescribe the following medications:

1. Vitamin therapy. The additional intake of vitamins helps to accelerate the removal of inflammation of the gums. Particular emphasis is placed on taking vitamins, and. Among the vitamin complexes, one can note Revit dragees, Pangeksavit tablets

2. With severe swelling of the gums drugs are used to reduce hypertrophy (sclerosing drugs) - "Maraslavin". For the same purposes, electrophoresis of a solution of Ronidase or Lidase in a buffer solution (pH 5.2) is used.

3. With severe pain painkillers are used - "Solcoseryl", "Metrogil" and "Apident-Active".

4. With severe bleeding apply - decoctions of grass, leaves.

5. To normalize metabolic processes, the work of blood vessels, relieving spasms of blood vessels, “Heparin” helps well.

6. To protect nerve endings, through which pain is actually transmitted, preparations based on tannins are used. These funds also help to relieve swelling of the gums and strengthen its tissues. Among plants with tannins, one can note the rhizome of the serpentine, the rhizome of the cinquefoil, the rhizome and root of the burnet, blueberries (fruits), oak bark, viburnum bark, bird cherry fruits, pine needles. They can be used as decoctions for rinsing the mouth, applications, lotions. Of the drugs - "Tannin".

7. With chronic catarrhal gingivitis apply hydrotherapy with carbon dioxide, as well as electrophoresis (5% solution of ascorbic acid or 1% solution of galascorbin).

8. In the treatment of gingivitis in children, to strengthen the capillaries of the gums, as well as to reduce swelling, it is recommended to use anti-inflammatory drugs of plant origin - decoctions of sage, mallow, chamomile flowers, flavonoids. For the same purposes, plant phenolic compounds are remarkably suitable, which are similar in their action to steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but are softer, non-toxic and gentle.

Important! The use of any medicines - gels, ointments, applications, etc. can be started only after rinsing the mouth and drying it, as well as after consulting a doctor!

Important! Before using folk remedies for the treatment of gingivitis, be sure to consult your doctor!

Gingivitis is a disease that most often affects people with weak immunity, chronic diseases, children, adolescents and pregnant women. The disease manifests itself slowly, but it is impossible not to notice it, and if alarming symptoms are detected, treatment should be started immediately in order to avoid complications.

Gingivitis: description, characteristics of the disease

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the part of the gum adjacent to the teeth (marginal). In the absence of proper and, most importantly, timely treatment, the disease flows into extremely dangerous forms. The gums become very inflamed, swollen and bleed. More often, gingivitis occurs against the background of other dental problems: periodontal disease, infectious diseases, periodontitis, etc.

Reddened gums with gingivitis

The severity of the disease is characterized by a complex of changes occurring in the body, as well as the prevalence of the inflammatory process in the oral mucosa. There are several stages in the development of the disease:

1. I degree (light). The interdental papillae are predominantly affected.
2. II degree (medium). With the aggravation of the condition of the gums, the focus of inflammation extends not only to the interdental papillae, but also to the free (marginal) gum.
3. III degree (severe). Inflammation switches to all gums, including the alveolar (attached) part.

Symptoms of the disease

Depending on the nature of the changes, several forms of gingivitis are distinguished:

• catarrhal. It is characterized by unpleasant sensations in the gums, there is a smell from the mouth, the taste of food changes, the gums bleed during its intake. In chronic or acute catarrhal gingivitis, pain in the gums during meals increases significantly, which is associated primarily with mechanical / chemical irritants. The acute form of catarrhal gingivitis is a concomitant disease in acute infectious processes in the body. When examining the gums, its strong edema, cyanosis, and single erosions are observed (mainly on the tops of the interdental papillae).
• Hypertrophic. Chronic form of gingivitis. Hypertrophic processes occur most often in the frontal areas of the upper and lower jaws, in areas of close proximity of the teeth, as well as in abnormal parts of the jaws, giving an increased load on certain parts of the gums. The hypertrophied variety of gingivitis is represented by two forms: generalized and localized. In the first case, the disease develops with an abnormal arrangement of teeth, injuries of the mucous membrane, overhanging fillings, etc. In the second case, with endocrine disruptions, in adolescents in puberty, with hypovitaminosis C, etc.
• Ulcerative. Often develops in children on the background of acute catarrhal. Its characteristic features are necrosis, ulceration with a decrease in the reactivity of the body, etc. The development of the disease often occurs after severe hypothermia, an infectious disease, teething, etc. The first symptoms of the ulcerative form of the disease will be swelling and bleeding of the gums. Over time, the gingival papillae become covered with a gray-green coating. Soft, hard-to-remove plaque also forms on the teeth. The tongue is covered. Saliva is very viscous.

Treatment of gingivitis at home

Gingivitis cannot be cured quickly. At home, the treatment of the disease is carried out for 10 days. Regardless of which remedy will be used to eliminate the inflammatory process in the oral cavity, it is important to treat the gums regularly at the same time (morning and evening).

Use of gels and ointments

Anti-inflammatory ointments and gels perfectly reduce bleeding gums and reduce their swelling. In addition, they have a pronounced analgesic effect and accelerate the healing of diseased areas of the oral cavity.

Metrogil Denta

Among the large number of various anti-inflammatory dental drugs, there are several:

• Metrogil-dent. Antimicrobial drug with a gel-like texture. It has a dual effect, since it contains both an antibiotic and an antiseptic. Suitable for use by adults and children over 6 years of age. The drug is indicated for use in gingivitis, periodontitis, aphthous stomatitis, etc. Metrogil-denta has practically no contraindications. The exception is children under the age of 6 and pregnant women in the first trimester.
• Asepta gel. The drug is used to eliminate bleeding gums and reduce inflammation in the oral cavity. It is used as one of the elements of the treatment complex for periodontitis, gingivitis, stomatitis. It has no contraindications, the manufacturer notes only possible individual sensitivity to some components of the drug.
• Holisal Gel. A gel-like preparation with a pronounced antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. It is used without age restrictions as one of the means of complex therapy for the treatment of gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontitis, inflammatory processes that occur under prostheses, etc. The drug has no contraindications, but it is best to use it in doses.

Regardless of the drug chosen, the scheme for treating diseased areas of the oral cavity will be the same. So, the first step is to brush your teeth, then rinse your mouth with an antiseptic (Chlorhexidine is perfect).

Chlorhexidine solution.

The next step is to apply the gel to the gum. To do this, it is necessary to squeeze a small amount of the drug onto the finger and transfer it from the finger to the marginal part of the gum. After the treatment of the oral cavity, you can not eat for about 2-3 hours, it is undesirable to drink water in the first 30 minutes after the treatment of the gums.

Important. Before applying any therapeutic agents, it is necessary to slightly wet the diseased area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe gum with a gauze swab. This will ensure better adhesion of the drug to the mucosa.

Use of herbs

Natural medicines are used almost on a par with pharmaceutical products. The use of a well-chosen herbal infusion or compress helps to reduce the severity of the inflammatory process, will have a hemostatic effect:

1. Infusions for rinsing are made from calendula, St. John's wort, sage. 10 g of crushed dry plant is poured 1 tbsp. boiling water and infused for half an hour. After this, the infusion should be filtered and cooled. Use in the same way as a regular mouthwash.
2. Compresses. For compresses, you can use Kalanchoe or Aloe. In the first case, only plants that have reached the age of 3 should be used. Kalanchoe leaves are thoroughly kneaded until juice appears and rubbed into the gums. The procedure for treating the affected area is similar to the actions when using medications. Kalanchoe perfectly eliminates pain, bleeding gums, relieves their swelling of the gums. Aloe has an antimicrobial effect, perfectly removes plaque, accelerates the healing process of diseased gums. An infusion made from St. John's wort is used as a lotion for sore gums.
3. Decoctions for oral administration. The following popular recipe has proven itself in the fight against gingivitis. Manchurian aralia root, rose hips, sage leaves and calendula flowers are dried and mixed. 2 tbsp. spoons of the finished collection pour 1 tbsp. boiling water and infused for half an hour. Ready infusion must be taken throughout the day.

Use of essential oils

Fir oil is considered an excellent tool for massaging sore gums. It is enough just to moisten a small piece of bandage in oil and massage the inflamed gums with it a little. The procedure should be carried out 2 times a day.

Important. If the disease proceeds with a pronounced pain syndrome, before starting the massage, a moistened piece of bandage should be briefly applied to the sore spot: this simple action will help reduce pain, since fir oil has an analgesic effect.

Prevention of gingivitis

To minimize the possibility of the occurrence of the disease, it is necessary to adhere to a number of simple but effective rules:

1. Be sure to brush your teeth twice a day (morning and evening). This process should be carried out carefully, but it is carefully desirable to additionally use various mouthwashes.
2. Eliminate any manifestations of caries on the teeth in time.
3. Thoroughly clean the interdental space. For these purposes, special dental floss is usually used.
4. Visit your dentist regularly for preventive check-ups.
5. Try not to overcool, regularly take vitamins and minerals, so necessary for our body.
6. Eat high-quality healthy food, rich in trace elements useful for the human body.
7. Give up bad habits.

As you can see, it is quite possible to cope with gingivitis at home, but this does not negate the need to visit a specialist for consultation and prescribing the main course of treatment. Be healthy!

In modern dentistry, a variety of methods for the treatment of gingivitis are used, ranging from the use of medications and antibiotics to laser therapy. The choice of one or another method of treating the disease depends on many factors - on the age of the patient, on the severity and neglect of the disease, on the form of the disease, on whether acute or chronic gingivitis is diagnosed in the patient.

The treatment process begins with a thorough cleaning of the surface of the teeth and gums from plaque and other deposits. In the treatment of gingivitis, oral hygiene is of decisive importance, since for successful therapy it is extremely important to eliminate the causes that predispose to the onset of the disease. And since one of the main causes of gingivitis is insufficient oral hygiene, first of all, it is necessary to set the patient on the most serious attitude to the systematic conduct of hygiene procedures.

If the cause of gingivitis is the constant injury of the gums with a poorly fitting dental filling, the doctor must definitely correct the situation by changing or filing the filling so that it does not injure the gums.

In particularly complex and advanced cases, it may be necessary - a small surgical intervention, during which the doctor removes dental deposits with the help of special devices.

As a rule, the treatment of the disease will not be able to avoid taking antibiotics, and sometimes antifungal drugs, as they help to effectively eliminate the cause of the infection. In each individual case, the dentist will advise the most effective remedies for gingivitis, which will help you quickly and effectively get rid of its symptoms.

Antibiotics and other drugs

Drug therapy for gingivitis is an integral part of the entire treatment process. Since the very appearance of the disease indicates a decrease in immunity, vitamins and microelements must be prescribed to the patient, especially vitamin C, which is “responsible” for the health of our gums. The doctor may also prescribe local immunomodulators, which help increase the body's resistance to the harmful effects of pathogenic bacteria.

Treatment of the disease with drugs also involves taking antibiotics, since without them it is very difficult to cure the inflammatory process, especially chronic. Antibiotics for gingivitis help to quickly and effectively eliminate bacteria and microorganisms that provoke inflammation.

Antibiotics allow not only to quickly and effectively cure the acute phase of the disease, but also to prevent the occurrence of various serious complications, such as, for example, periodontitis.

The treatment of the oral cavity with special anti-inflammatory drugs also has a positive effect in the treatment of the disease.

Application of gels and ointments

Gingivitis is characterized by such unpleasant symptoms as painful and bleeding gums, and unpleasant itching. Help to cope with these symptoms can special gels and ointments. In particular, an anti-inflammatory ointment will help you not only relieve the itching of the gums, but also reduce the intensity of the inflammatory process, as well as anesthetize the gums.

The use of gels (for example, Metrogil-denta or Solocoseryl) allows you to anesthetize the gum for a long time, covering it with a thin protective film and thereby extending the duration of the drug's effect on the diseased gum.

These drugs have the advantage that they act on the gum locally, at the site of injury or inflammation. This is especially important in the treatment of pregnant women, who often experience this unpleasant disease. Since antibiotics are contraindicated during pregnancy, it is often ointments and gels that become the drug of choice for a dentist.

Toothpaste

As already mentioned, with gingivitis, oral hygiene is the main component of the treatment process. Despite the fact that every touch of the inflamed gums causes acute pain, brush your teeth twice a day, remembering to rinse your mouth with an antiseptic solution or herbal balm after each meal.

Toothpaste for inflammation of the gums should be therapeutic, it must necessarily include medicinal herbs that have an anti-inflammatory effect. Please note that the composition of the toothpaste includes extracts of chamomile, calendula, yarrow, sage. They have a healing effect on inflamed gums, reducing their bleeding and soreness.

In no case should you use whitening toothpastes, as they are too abrasive and can additionally irritate the gums, provoking an aggravation of the inflammatory process. Therefore, for the duration of treatment, refuse to whiten your teeth until the time when your gums are healthy again.

Sometimes a dentist may recommend using hydrogen peroxide instead of toothpaste and traditional brushing, which perfectly removes plaque and at the same time disinfects the surface of teeth and gums. It is necessary to systematically wipe the teeth and gums with a cotton swab dipped in a solution of hydrogen peroxide, this will keep the oral cavity clean and not injure the inflamed gums by mechanical cleaning with a toothbrush.

Folk remedies

For lovers of folk remedies, we note right away: it is impossible to completely get rid of gingivitis only using folk recipes; for a complete recovery, complex treatment is necessary using the entire arsenal of means, both drug and non-drug. However, the use of folk remedies simultaneously with the drugs prescribed by the doctor will significantly speed up the healing process.

Since it is very important for a full and quick recovery to maintain a constant cleanliness of the oral cavity, the use of herbal decoctions and tinctures for rinsing is highly desirable.

The sage leaf has healing properties, it has not only an anti-inflammatory, but also an antiseptic effect on the inflamed gums. To rinse the mouth, prepare a decoction according to the following recipe: pour one tablespoon of sage leaves with a glass of boiling water, leave for twenty minutes, then strain and cool. Rinse your mouth 5-6 times a day, preferably after each meal.

Rinsing with a decoction of chamomile has an anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effect in case of gingivitis, and also speeds up the process of regeneration of inflamed and damaged gums. A decoction of chamomile flowers should be prepared in the same way as a decoction of sage leaves.

Rinsing with a soda solution also has a positive effect on inflamed gums. To prepare it, dissolve one teaspoon of soda in a glass of boiled and slightly chilled water. Rinse the mouth with this solution after each meal until complete recovery.