To be do tense in English. Modal verb have to. Modal verb have to in Past Simple

As you can see, the verb "to be" is quite in demand and these are far from all cases of its use.

However, for a mini story about yourself, the material provided will be more than enough.

And now, let's move on to the verb "to have", which is also no less common and popular.

The verb "to have" and its use

As well as “to be”, the verb “to have” can act both as a semantic and auxiliary verb (when forming grammatical tenses Perfect bands). It has the form have/has in the present tense, had in the past, and will have in the future.

Let's look at examples:

I have a big family. - I have a big family.
They had* a car three years ago. They had a car three years ago.
I hope I will have* a good holiday next year. - I hope I have a good vacation next year.

* In all three cases, "to have" acts as a semantic verb.

In addition, "to have" is often found in a number of set phrases that would be appropriate to include in your story.

And for this, I ask you to pay attention to the following expressions:

Have a good / bad relationship with someone - have a good / bad relationship with someone;
have an argument with someone - argue with someone;
have a good time - have a good time.

The verb “to have” can also act as a modal verb in the meaning of “forced”.

For example: I have to get up early. - I have to get up early (at the same time, the presence of the particle to after "have" is mandatory)

Well, perhaps, we have decided on the blanks, now it's time to start what everything was started for - compiling stories.

And as promised at the beginning of the article, I offer you to judge possible stories about yourself using the example of three fictional characters.

Ready? Then let's go!

My name is Tom. I am a high school student. I usually have a lot of homework. So most of the time I have to study hard.

People say that I am very easy-going. That is why I have many friends. Besides I have a good relationship with my parents and teachers.

They say that I am very friendly. That's why I have many friends. In addition, I have good relationships with parents and teachers.

However, as all people do, I have an argument with my friends and some family members sometimes.

However, like all people, I sometimes have arguments with friends and some members of my family.

Hello! I am Sam. I am 35 years old. And I'm a journalist for the local newspaper. I also work as a freelancer through the Internet. So I have a pretty tight schedule.

My wife, Sue, is a teacher. They say she is an excellent teacher. To say frankly I am very proud of her. Sue is very patient with her students and always kind to other people.

My wife, Sue, is a teacher. She is said to be an excellent teacher. To be honest, I'm very proud of her. Sue is very patient with her students and is always kind to other people.

As for me I am also friendly to my colleagues at work and the neighbors. However I am a little reserved and shy.

As for me, I am also friendly with my work colleagues and neighbors. However, I am not very sociable and shy.

Hello! I am Bob. I am 28 years old. And I'm a typical city dweller.

I am a bit of a wandering soul. That is why I find it is difficult to be at an office most of the week. What I like is to have a good time with my friends.

Spiritually, I am a bit of a stranger. Therefore, it is very difficult for me to be in the office most of the week. What I love is having a good time with my friends.

As I am often on business trips I don’t have any domestic animals. Although I am very envious of people who keep a lot of pets at home.

Due to the fact that I often go on business trips, I do not have any pets. Although I really envy people who have many pets at home.

So, I want to draw your attention to the fact that in every sentence, without exception, there is either the verb "to be" or "to have", or even both together.

As you can see, it is possible to compose a story using just two verbs - you just need to show a little imagination and arm yourself with useful expressions!

In the present and past tense, it can merge with the negative particle not, in which the letter o drops out, and an apostrophe is used instead.

Conjugation of the verb have in Present Tense

NOTE:

British English is characterized by the formation of interrogative and negative forms with this verb without the auxiliary verb do, if single cases (actions) are meant, and with the help of the auxiliary verb do, if permanent possession (presence) is meant. At the same time, in the present tense in the first case, in colloquial speech, the construction with the verb is more often used get.

For example:

have you (got) time for a game of chess?
Do you (now) have time to play chess?

have you (got) any brothers?
Do you have brothers?

For American English and variants characteristic of other English-speaking countries, the use of forms with the auxiliary verb do is in all cases preferable.

For example, where an American might say: Can you help me now? Do you have time? the Englishman says: Can you help me now? Have you got time?

In cases where the verb have is used without the auxiliary verb do, the negative form is formed with it using the negation of not (in the short form haven't) or the negation of before the noun, which in this case is used without the article.

have you (got) a sister? - Do You have a sister? -
no, I have not. No.
I have no sister. I have no sister.

In the 3rd person singular, the abbreviations for the verbs be and have are the same, i.e. ‘s.

She's a doctor. = She is a doctor.
She's a book. = She has a book.

Conjugation of the verb have in Past Tense

Use

The verb to have is used:

• 1. As an independent verb in the meaning of "to have", "to possess".

We have summer cottage. We have a cottage.

As noted above, the meaning of "to have", "to possess" in the British version is also conveyed by the combination have got.

I have(have got = I've got) an interesting book.
I have an interesting book.

have you got the latest newspaper? -
Do you have the latest issue of the newspaper (newspaper)? -

no, I haven't got it.
No, I don't have him/her.

In the interrogative and negative forms, the auxiliary verb do is used to express ordinary actions (but not with the combination have got).

Do you have dinner at home?
Do you have lunch at home?

I don't have dinner at home very often.
I don't eat at home very often.

The interrogative and negative forms with the verb have meaning "to have" can be formed in two ways.

• 2. As an auxiliary verb in combination with the Past Participle (3rd form of the main verb) to form the following tenses:

I have been in hospital. I was in the hospital.
Doesn't have dug the patch for potatoes. He dug up a plot for potatoes.
Have you heard the new rock band? Have you listened to the new rock band?

• 3. As a modal verb in combination with an infinitive in the meaning of an obligation due to circumstances (i.e., the need to perform an action, as required by conditions, circumstances, situation). The combination have to in such cases is translated must, need to, necessary, account for. In this sense, the interrogative and negative forms are formed using the auxiliary verb do.

I have to go there. I have to go there (i.e. I have to go there, I have to go there).
He has to take a bus to get to his office. He has to take the bus to his work.

In dialogues, the combinations have to / had to are often used independently, i.e. the infinitive itself is omitted, but implied.

Why do you put on your raincoat? Why are you wearing a raincoat? -
I have to. It looks like rain. I have to (wear it). It looks like it's going to rain.

Why do you wear performances? - Why do you wear glasses? -
I have to(wear them). I am short-sighted. I am compelled (to wear them). I'm nearsighted.

I didn't want to stop but I had to(stop) as I needed petrol.
I didn't want to stop but had to because I ran out of gas (I needed gas).

• 4. The verb to have in combination with nouns forms a number of phraseological expressions that have the meaning of a verb.

to have a talk talk
to have supper- have dinner
to have a smoke smoke
to have lunch have breakfast
to have a swim swim
to have a bath take a bath
to have a rest relax
to have difficulties/troubles - to face difficulties/troubles
to have a good holiday have a good holiday/holiday
to have dinner have lunch

interrogative (if general question or a question not to the subject) and negative forms with these expressions are formed using the auxiliary verb do.

When do you have super? When do you have dinner?
Did you have breakfast? Did you have breakfast?

In English (participle 2), the past participle is used in the function of definition, to form perfect tenses and passive voice, and in the function of adverb.

What is the difficulty? Why is the theme so simple, but so many mistakes? Because, starting to learn English, not everyone restructures their thinking, but continues to think in Russian. Verb "be" is present in Russian, but ... we miss it when we build a sentence in the present tense. In the past, the verb "to be" had many forms in the present tense: be, be, eat, essence and so on. But in modern Russian only "is" is preserved: I am, he is, we are and so on. But no one says that, "is" remains "in the mind"! Therefore, it seems very strange to us that this very "is" should be inserted in English.

In English the verb to be has three present tense forms: am, is, are.

If you are talking about yourself I), then use the verb am:

I am a teacher. - I (am) a teacher.

I'm happy. - I (are) happy.

If you are talking about he(He), she(she), or it(it), use the form is:

He is a doctor. - He (is) a doctor.

She is beautiful. - She (is) beautiful.

It is my dog. - This is (is) my dog

If you are talking about we(We), you(you you), they(they), then use the form are:

We are friends. - We (are) friends.

You are hungry. - You (eat) hungry.

They are my parents. They (are) my parents..

Many textbooks say that the verb to be not translated into Russian. Agree that the word "is" looks rather strange in our example sentences, but if you want to speak English, you will have to think in this way, especially in early stages study. To be can be translated with verbs "to be", "to be", "to exist", although this gives the statement some formal coloring, you can also put a dash.

Another observation from practice that needs to be paid attention to. Sometimes the three forms are forgotten and said like this: I be a teacher. It's something like: I be a teacher. Of course, you should get rid of such a mistake if you notice it in your speech.

To use the verb to be correctly, you need to remember the main cases of its use. Because to be acts primarily as a linking verb, its main function is to link parts of a sentence.

1. The verb to be connects a noun (pronoun) and an adjective.

Since to be is indispensable in descriptions, characterizing or describing something with adjectives, do not forget to link words with a linking verb:

I am fine. - I (are) fine.

My son (he) is happy. - My son (is) happy.

The children (they) are healthy. - Children (are) healthy.

This book (it) is interesting. - It's an interesting book.

Note that if the subject of the sentence is a noun, then to match correct form of the verb to be, replace the noun with the corresponding pronoun: son-he; children- they; book- it.

2. The verb to be is used when they want to say who or what the subject of discussion is.

In other words, answering questions like: Who is this? What is this?, use in your answer to be. Also, to be is required if you introduce yourself or represent someone else:

I am your teacher. - I'm your teacher.

She is my sister Mary. This is my sister Mary.

They are my colleagues. - They are my colleagues.

3. The verb to be is used when talking about professions.

Mary is a writer. Mary is a writer.

John is a businessman. - John is a businessman.

My friends are engineers. - My friends are engineers.

If you are talking about someone's profession, then the verb to be can be translated as "to be", but such a translation is not always appropriate.

4. To be is used when talking about nationalities.

Not without reason, many English textbooks begin with the study of the names of countries and nationalities, so it is very convenient to work out the use of the verb to be:

I am American. - I am American.

Anna is Russian. - Anna is Russian.

Max is Canadian. - Max is Canadian.

My partners are Chinese. - My partners are Chinese.

You will find detailed information about nationalities in English.

5. To be is used when talking about age.

A common mistake is to use the verb have in this case. Although some languages ​​use have when talking about age, in English always use to be in the correct form:

I am thirty (years old). - I am thirty years old.

My sister is twenty-five (years old). - My sister is twenty-five years old.

The students are eighteen (years old). - Students are eighteen years old.

6. The verb to be should be used when you are talking about the location of something.

Verbs "locate", "locate" may be used if the content of the proposal allows:

I am in the kitchen. - I am in the kitchen.

We are at home. - We're home.

Her bag is on the table. - Her bag is on the table.

The cat is in the box. - A cat in a box.

London is in Great Britain. - London is located in the UK.

7. To be (or rather, its forms is and are) - this is an important part of the turnover there is / there are.

We will not talk about this turnover here, because we have already published detailed material on this topic. You can read more about the there is / there are turnover, but first we recommend that you read this article so as not to get confused.