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The article is the main determiner of a noun. It is always placed before a noun, indicating its gender and number.

There are three types of articles in French: definite, indefinite and partial. The form of each article depends on the gender and number of the noun. Because french nouns can only be male or female, in the singular, the articles have two forms. In plural The form of the article is the same for both genders.

Definite article

The definite article has 3 forms: le, la, les. Le - for male, la - for feminine, les - for plural.
Le train - les trains. Train - trains
La ville - les villes. City - cities

The definite article can also be abbreviated if the noun begins with a mute h:

l'hotel, les hôtels hotel, hotels
l'heure, les heures hour, hours;

or if the noun starts with a vowel:

l'arbre, les arbres tree, trees
l'autoroute, les autoroutes

Also, the definite article can have a fused form. The prepositions à and de with the definite article le or les merge into one word:

à + le = au Je pense au travail. I think about work
à + les = aux Je pense aux copains. I think about friends
de + le = du Je parle du voyage. I'm talking about travel
de + les = des Je parle des copains. I'm talking about friends

The definite article can indicate an animate or inanimate object, defined as the only one:

animate object: Le fils des voisins est venu me voir. The son of the neighbors came to me.
inanimate object: Prenez le train du matin: il est plus rapide. Take the morning train: it goes faster.

The definite article can indicate an animate or inanimate object known to each of the interlocutors:

animate object: Le patron du bistro est vraiment sympathique. The owner of the bistro is really nice.
inanimate object: Ferme la persienne. Close the shutters.

The definite article can indicate an abstract concept, material or kind:

concept, one of a kind: L’humanité humanity
material: le fer iron, la soie silk
species: Les reptiles reptiles, les mammifères mammals
abstract concepts: la vérité truth, la liberté freedom.

Indefinite article

The indefinite article has the form un for the masculine, une for the feminine, and des for the plural of both genders.
The indefinite article indicates an animate or inanimate object that is not defined as the only one: Choisis un livre. Choose a book.
Also, the indefinite article can indicate the ideal: Un Apollon (role model), the artist's creation: Un Picasso (Picasso's creation).

Partial Article

The partial article consists of the preposition de and the definite article:

Il prend de la confiture. He buys jam.

The partial article indicates a substance that cannot be decomposed into its constituent parts: De l'eau s'echappait de la conduite eclatee. Water gushed out of a broken pipe.

Also, the partial article can indicate a type of art or sport: De la musique (music), faire du rugby (play rugby), as well as a product of artistic creativity: écouter du Brassens (listen to something from Brassens).

Articles French, like many other languages, are divided into definite and indefinite.

Definite article: le (m.s., singular); – la (female, singular); - l" (m.r. and m.r., singular, if the word begins with a vowel or h of the dumb); - les (m.r. and m.r., pl.)

We use the definite article to name a specific being, a specific person, or a specific thing. The definite article for the singular becomes "l'" before a noun beginning with a vowel or h of the silent.

Examples : Je suis Julie, la fille de Collette. (I am Julie, Colette's daughter).

La cliente voudrait un gâteau au chocolat. (The client would like a chocolate cake).

Les deux frères sont très différents. (The two brothers are very different.)

Ce sont les parents de Felix? (Are these Felix's parents?)

C'est la collegue de Thomas. (This is a colleague of Thomas.)

Fabienne invite ses enfants à la maison. (Fabien invites her children to her home.)

The definite article can be accompanied by prepositions à or de and then it forms united article :

a + le = au a + la = a la a + l' = a l' a + les = aux
de+le = du de + la = de la de + l' = de l' de + les = des

Examples:

Vous donez au restaurant, ce soir? (Are you having dinner at a restaurant tonight?)
Ils voyagent souvent à l "étranger. (They often travel abroad.)
Il va souvent dans des marches aux puces en ville. (He often goes to the "flea markets" of the city.)
Art Plus, c'est le magazine des arts. (Art Plus is an art magazine.)

We use definite article:

1. Before the names of the parts of the day. Examples : Le matin(Morning). / À 2 heuresdu matin(At 2 o'clock in the morning).

2. Before the days of the week. Examples: Nous dejeunons ensemble le lundi and le vendredi. (We have lunch together on Mondays and Fridays). (i.e. every Monday and every Friday we have lunch together.) But: Il revendra mardi. (He will return on Tuesday).

3. Before dates.Examples: Il revendra le 17 octobre. (He will return on 17 October). Je vais reprendre le travail le 8 juin. (I will start work again on June 8). Le 15 août est la fête natinalle. (August 15 is a national holiday).

4. Before the seasons.Examples:: Apresl' a utomne c'estl' h iver (After autumn comes winter).

5. Before geographical names .Examples : les Pyrénées (Pyrenees),la Seine (Seine),la Bretagne (UK)…

6. To name peoples and languages. Examples : les Belges (Belgians), les Anglais (English) ... / l' anglais (English), le grec (Greek)… Example: Elle parle parfaitement le japonais! (She speaks excellent Japanese!)

7. To name colors.Examples : le blanc (white),le rouge (red).

8. Before superlatives. Example: Cet ecrivain est le plus celebre en France. (This writer is the most famous in France).

9. To indicate the measure. Example : Les cerises coûtent 4 euros le kilo. (Cherry costs 4 euros per kilogram).

10. To give approximate, approximate figures.Example :Ce jeune homme doit avoirla trentine.(This young man about 30 years).

11. Before some holidays. Examples : La Saint-Nicolas (St. Nicolas day),l' Ascension (Ascension),la Pentecôte (Trinity Day).But: Noël (Christmas), Pâques (Easter)

12. Before body parts. Example: Elle se lave les mains. (She washes her hands.)

P.S. After the verbaimer(love) we write onlydefinite article! Example: Vous aimez les lanques etrangeres? (Do you like foreign languages?)

We do not use the article:

· Before proper names and names of cities, except for the names of masculine cities. Examples : Athenes (Athens)/Le Havre / Paul(Paul), Mari (Marie), Collette (Coletta) ...

· Before monsieur, madame, mademoiselle. Example : Voila Mademoiselle Lemoine.(Here is Mademoiselle Lemoine).

Indefinite article: un (m.s., singular) - une (f.s., singular) - d es(m.r. and female, pl.) And partial article: du (m.r.) - de la (female) - de l’(m.r. and f.r. before a vowel orhmute) - des

We use indefinite article to name creatures, people or things that are not specific, identified, meanwhile, partial article names some part of the whole.

Examples :

Elle achete un sandwich. (She buys a sandwich.)
Collette est une amie de Francoise. (Colette is Francoise's friend).
Je prepare une conférence pour deux cents personnes, en mai. (I am preparing a conference for 200 people in May.)
Vous avez un rendez vous? (Are you meeting?)
Ils mangent une tarte. (They eat cake).
Vous regardez un documentaire a la television. (You are watching a documentary on TV).
C'est fantastique d'etudier une nouvelle langue! (It's great to learn a new language!)
Ils organisent une grande soiree pour leurs parents. (They are organizing a big party for their parents.)
Il achète de l'aspirine, de l'huile, de l'eau. (He buys aspirin, oil, water).
Prends de la vitamine C! (Take your vitamin C!)
J "écoute de la music. (I listen to music).
Elle a ordonné des legumes avec du beurre. (She ordered vegetables with butter).
On peut y voir des vases, des lampes, des photos, de la vaisselle. (There you can find vases, lamps, photos, dishes.)
J'ai des amis a Québec. (I have friends in Quebec.)

We replace the indefinite article and partial article with de:

1. Before plural adjective. Examples: Jules trouve chaque fois de beaux objects. (Jules always finds beautiful objects.) But we keep the article when adjective + noun = compound noun. Examples: Nous visitons souvent des residences secondaires de nos parents. (We often visit the country houses of our relatives.)

2. After an adverb or expression of quantity: beaucoup de(a lot of), peu de(few), plus de(more), moins de(less)…Examples: Beaucoup de tourists étrangers visitent la France. (Many foreign tourists visit France). Nous wars plus de films ici qu'à Lyon. (We watch more films here than in Lyon). But: bien des gens aiment voyager à l'étranger. (Many people like to travel abroad).

3. After expressions: morceau de(a piece…), une tranche de(chunk, piece, cut ...), un kilo de(kilogram…), une bouteille de(bottle …), un paquet de(package, bundle, pack ...), unmeter de(meter…), …. Examples: Unkilo de pommes de terre (Kilogram of potatoes), Un paquet de biscuits (Pack of cookies)

4. When negated (except when the verb être is used in the phrase).Examples : Il ne boit pasde lait. (He doesn't drink milk). Nous n'avons pasde saumon. (We don't have salmon).

But we do not change the form of the article if the negation does not apply to the whole phrase, but only to its separate part. Example:Marie ne boit pas d u café mais d u the. (Marie doesn't drink coffee, but she does drink tea).

5. P after the preposition "sans" (without). Example: Il boit son the Sans sucre. (He prefers to drink coffee without sugar). Je voudrais un sandwich Sans beurre. (I would like a sandwich without butter).

Also about indefinite articles we told in our new video tutorial:

You can get more detailed advice from the author of the article or sign up for a lesson with any of our tutors.

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