According to official data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service, as of November 2017, 12.7 million citizens with disabilities were registered in the Russian Federation. Of them:

• 1st group - 1,400,000 people;
• 2 groups - 6,300,000;
• 3 groups - 4,600,000.

These citizens belong to the socially vulnerable segments of the population. Because of this vulnerability to society, they require special protection from the state. For this purpose, a Federal Law No. 181. But what is this regulation? What are the rights of people with disabilities under Federal Law 181? What are the significant modifications of the law under consideration introduced to it during 2017? Which articles have been amended? Let's talk about it in the article.

What is a law?

Federal Law "On the Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation" N 181-FZ was adopted by the State Duma in the official third reading on July 20, 1995. The normative act under study was approved by the Federation Council on November 15 of the same year. The signing of the Federal Law under consideration by the President of the Russian Federation and the official publication of this document were carried out on November 25, 1905.

The federal law "On the Social Protection of the Disabled in the Russian Federation" consists of 6 chapters and 36 articles. The structure of the studied normative act is as follows:

• Chapter 1 - General and introductory provisions (art. 1-6);
• Chapter 2 - Principles of medical and social expertise (Art. 7-8);
• Chapter 3 - Rehabilitation funds for citizens with disabilities (art. 9-12);
• Chapter 4 - Problems of ensuring the life of the disabled (Art. 13-32);
• Chapter 5 - Regulations of this Federal Law on the creation of public associations of people with disabilities (Art. 33-34);
• Chapter 6 - Final provisions of the Federal Law under consideration (35-36).

The law on the social protection of disabled people to ensure the legal equality of citizens of the Russian Federation, regardless of their state of health. Federal Law No. 181 contains provisions that provide people with disabilities with access to activities in the field of economics, politics and social relations. The provisions of the normative act under study ensure the right of disabled people to medical care, as well as to rehabilitation measures.

Like other federal laws of the Russian Federation, Federal Law 181 regularly undergoes significant amendments. The text of the normative act under study was last updated on October 30, 2017.

The rights of disabled people under Federal Law 181

rights of the disabled, according to this law FZ 181, are as follows:

• for social benefits;
• To provide specialized medical care;
• To provide funds for rehabilitation and life support;
• For additional quotas for employment;
• To receive education in a general or special system (depending on the state of health);
• For monthly financial assistance from the state;
• On unhindered access to sources of information;
• Help in everyday life;
• To create communities of people with disabilities;
• On social and economic support from state bodies.

According to the regulations article 32 of the federal law being studied, an individual or legal entity that violates the rights of disabled people is called to administrative or criminal liability, depending on the severity of the crime committed. All disputes regarding violations of the norms of Federal Law 181 are resolved in court.

What changes have been made?

Any normative legal act regularly undergoes a procedure for updating its own text. This procedure is necessary to ensure the legitimacy of the document in the constantly changing social and legal conditions in modern Russia.

Last changes in the Federal Law "On the Social Protection of the Disabled in the Russian Federation" N 181-FZ were introduced October 30, 2017. The Federal Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” became the amending document. The regulation of article 3 of Federal Law 181 amends article 17, paragraph 13 Federal Law No. 181. The text of the article in question in the new edition states that when providing housing to the disabled, benefits for the provision of thermal energy have been abolished.

It is worth paying attention to the following significant amendments introduced to the regulations of the normative act in question at different times:

• Art. eleven, last amended on December 1, 2012. This article deals with the provision of an individual rehabilitation / habilitation program for persons with special needs. According to the amendments, the provision of rehabilitation equipment and other means is a direct responsibility of local governments. If such services are not provided to a disabled person, or he paid for the procedures or medicines at his own expense, he is paid appropriate compensation;
• Art. 15, latest revision - December 01, 2014. The text of the part of Federal Law No. 181 under study, as amended, states that there should be no obstacles for citizens with disabilities in terms of access to social, engineering and transport infrastructures. For this purpose, auxiliary means (such as a ramp and a traffic light with additional sound accompaniment) should be installed;
• Art. 23, amended on 09 June 2001. According to the regulations of this article, special working conditions must be created for people with disabilities. Thus, the duration of working time for a person with a disability of group 1 or 2 is no more than 35 hours per week. Full wages are retained. According to the federal law under consideration, persons with disabilities are entitled to annual leave of at least 30 days. If the specifics of the position do not involve enhanced physical labor, disability is not a legitimate reason for refusing to hire an employee.
• Art. 28, as amended March 7, 2017. This article in the edition under study contains the standards of social services for people with disabilities. According to the amendments, the procedure for providing people with disabilities with technical aids is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The following amendments to the normative act under study are scheduled for December 2017.

Download the current version of the law

Persons interested in a more detailed study of the act in question are advised to familiarize themselves with the text of the Federal Law on the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the latest edition. Download FZ 181 with the changes valid for the period of November 2017, you can follow the following

Disabled people in Russia belong to one of the socially unprotected categories of citizens who need state support. Depending on the severity of the state of health, 3 groups of disability are distinguished. The category of the disability group affects the various measures of state support provided. These measures are regulated by the Federal Law "On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation".

Definition of the Federal Law “On Social Protection and Support for the Disabled in the Russian Federation”

This law guarantees all citizens with disabilities equal rights with other citizens, as well as social support from the state. Based on this law, all state bodies are obliged to act and respect the legal rights of persons with disabilities.

The law on social protection implies providing disabled people with the necessary conditions for their life, as well as exercising their right to rehabilitation.

General provisions of the law of the Russian Federation

This law applies to people recognized as disabled. Disabled people in Russia, according to Article 1 of the Federal Law "On the Social Protection of the Disabled", are those people who have been recognized by a special social medical examination.

The main parameters for determining disability is the ability of a person to independently provide himself with the necessary actions to ensure life.

Depending on the degree of independence of a person, expert doctors establish.

Groups and types of disability

For children under the age of 18, the general category of a disabled child is established. The disability group is determined only after reaching the age of 18. This is due to the fact that in the process of child development it is quite difficult to determine the degree of independence based on the age of development of the baby.

The state assumes obligations to protect the rights of each group of disabled people. These obligations are prescribed in article 2 of this law, which are binding on all state bodies.

Legislative acts establish that in Russia every citizen has the right to ensure equal living conditions for him, as well as to create additional auxiliary conditions if he needs them.

These rights are enshrined in the fundamental law of the Russian Federation, the Constitution, as well as in the Federal Law "On the Social Protection of the Disabled". Also, on the basis of Article 3.1 of this law, no one has the right to discriminate against people on the basis of disability and infringe on them in the rights granted to them by law.

The competences of federal bodies and local self-government bodies are distributed in Articles 4 and 5 of the Federal Law “On the Social Protection of the Disabled”. Based on this distribution, all federal and local authorities are required to act.

All disabled people are listed in the Pension Fund in a certain register, where basic data about each of them is entered. This register takes into account personal data, as well as information about a person’s work activity and benefits received by him. The procedure for maintaining this register is regulated by Article 5.1 of this Law.

Article 6 of the Federal Law "On the Social Protection of the Disabled" defines responsibility for causing harm to the health of any person, which led to disability. Guilty people bear criminal, material, administrative and civil liability for causing harm to health.

You can familiarize yourself with what benefits are due to children with disabilities.

Medical and social expertise

Chapter 2 of this law establishes a specific procedure for determining disability. This conclusion is issued by the social medical examination. It includes doctors who must determine the severity of the disease and its consequences, which lead to the defective functioning of a person. The definition and activities of this expert group are defined in Article 7 of the Federal Law “On the Social Protection of the Disabled”.

Based on the determination of the human condition, this commission must also analyze and provide the following data:

• rehabilitation course for the restoration of a person;
• analysis of the causes of disability and its nature in general among the population of Russia;
• development of general comprehensive measures for disabled people of each group;
• causes of death of persons with disabilities in situations where the family of the deceased is entitled to receive state support;
• the degree of disability of a disabled person;
• conclusion about the disability group.

These obligations are specified in Article 8 of this Law. The decision of this commission is not subject to challenge by other authorities and is mandatory for execution.

Rehabilitation and habilitation of the disabled

Habilitation is understood as the process of restoring the abilities that a person lacked for everyday and professional activities. This definition is specified in Article 8 of this Law.

Article 33 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of the Disabled” – public associations

In Russia, Article 33 of this legislative act allows public associations created to provide assistance to disabled people.

The state is obliged to assist them in the implementation of assistance to the disabled. This assistance is paid from the local budget of each subject.

In addition, the disabled themselves can create such associations. Their representatives should be involved in government decision-making concerning persons with disabilities. These associations may have real estate, cars and other property on their balance sheet.

Organizations whose authorized capital consists of more than half of a percent of contributions from disabled people, as well as a quarter of the wage fund provided to them, can be allocated buildings and non-residential premises for free use. In addition, such organizations participate in the small business support program.

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conclusions

Russian legislation provides for a wide range of state support for disabled people. According to this law, they should not need paid medical care, paid aids. In addition, they are supported in the field of education and vocational training, as well as assistance in further employment. Along with this, they receive material support from the state. But read about which disability group what benefits are due.

The entry into force of this law is regulated by its article 35, and its operation by article 36. Based on them, other laws cannot contradict this legislative act. And it comes into force from the moment of its publication.

In reality, this law does not work to its full potential, because local government agencies do not fully control the implementation of this law by all citizens and legal entities of Russia.

A disabled person is a person who, for certain reasons, has partially or completely lost his ability to work. Disabled people are a vulnerable group of the population - they are less likely to be employed, they are more likely to be discriminated against, their social adaptation is difficult, and so on. To protect the rights of people with disabilities, 181 Federal Laws on the protection of the rights of people with disabilities were adopted. Below we will learn the main provisions of this law, as well as consider some related issues.

Federal Law No. 181

181 of the Federal Law on the disabled, in force in 2019, was adopted in 1995. Since then, a large number of changes have been made, and some articles of the law have become invalid. We learn the main provisions of this law that are in force today:

• A legal definition of the term "disabled" is given.
• It is established that there are several degrees of disability (I, II and III groups). no disability group is assigned.
• The concept of social protection of disabled people is introduced. The legislature of the country is obliged to improve the legislation on persons with disabilities, and the executive - to implement the decisions of the legislature.
• The concept of medical and social expertise is introduced, which determines the degree of disability, and also establishes the fact that a person needs social assistance.
• It establishes the inadmissibility of discrimination on the basis of disability.
• A state register of the disabled is being created.
• A large number of measures are being introduced to support the disabled. These measures include cash payments (pensions, benefits), provision of various goods to the disabled (medicine, food, repair of household appliances, and so on), the provision of certain services (for example, rest in a sanatorium), and so on. Also, people with disabilities get the opportunity to get free housing if they are in dire need of it. It is thanks to this part of the law that other federal laws on pensions and disability benefits are created.
• The specifics of the labor rights of disabled people are stipulated (for example, the law on a reduced working week for disabled people of groups I and II, according to which these disabled people must work no more than 35 hours a week while maintaining full wages).
• The concept of habilitation and rehabilitation of disabled people is introduced.
• Some other provisions and resolutions.

New Resolutions and Amendments to Law No. 181

Were there any changes to the federal disability law in 2019? Only one small clause was introduced, according to which disabled people receive the right to priority repairs of technical equipment that disabled people need (wheelchairs, prostheses, and so on). There is also a special decree on the benefits of disabled people under 44 Federal Laws, which should help disabled people. Its main provisions:

• During public procurement, in some cases, the customer must give preference to goods produced by persons with disabilities.
• The customer is obliged to provide preferences not to disabled entrepreneurs, but to various all-Russian organizations of disabled people, where disabled people and their representatives make up at least 80%; preference should also be given to subsidiaries of these organizations, where the number of disabled people is at least 50%.
• If during the tender an organization of disabled people won, then the customer is obliged to conclude a contract with it at a price that exceeds the declared value by 1-15%.
• Organizations of people with disabilities should be given preference only if people with disabilities produce strictly regulated goods and services (gloves, jackets, certain metal and concrete products, educational services, and so on).

07.03.2020

This Federal Law determines the state policy in the field of social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation, the purpose of which is to provide disabled people with equal opportunities with other citizens in exercising civil, economic, political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as in accordance with generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

The measures of social protection of persons with disabilities provided for by this Federal Law are expenditure obligations of the Russian Federation, with the exception of measures of social support and social services related to the powers of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Chapter I. General Provisions

Article 1

A disabled person is a person who has a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions due to diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a limitation of life and causing the need for his social protection.

Limitation of life activity - complete or partial loss of a person's ability or ability to carry out self-service, move independently, navigate, communicate, control their behavior, learn and engage in work activities.

Depending on the degree of disorder of body functions and limitation of life activity, persons recognized as disabled are assigned a disability group, and persons under the age of 18 are assigned the category "disabled child".

The recognition of a person as a disabled person is carried out by the federal institution of medical and social expertise. The procedure and conditions for recognizing a person as disabled are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 2. The concept of social protection of disabled people

Social protection of disabled people - a system of state-guaranteed economic, legal measures and social support measures that provide disabled people with conditions for overcoming, replacing (compensating) life restrictions and aimed at creating equal opportunities for them to participate in society with other citizens.

Social support for the disabled - a system of measures that provides social guarantees to the disabled, established by laws and other regulatory legal acts, with the exception of pensions.

Article 3

The legislation of the Russian Federation on the social protection of persons with disabilities consists of the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

If an international treaty (agreement) of the Russian Federation establishes rules other than those provided for by this Federal Law, then the rules of the international treaty (agreement) shall apply.

Article 4

The jurisdiction of federal government bodies in the field of social protection of persons with disabilities includes:

1) determination of state policy in relation to persons with disabilities;

2) the adoption of federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on the social protection of disabled people (including those regulating the procedure and conditions for providing disabled people with a unified federal minimum of social protection measures); control over the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the social protection of persons with disabilities;

3) conclusion of international treaties (agreements) of the Russian Federation on issues of social protection of disabled people;

4) establishment of general principles for the organization and implementation of medical and social expertise and rehabilitation of disabled people;

5) definition of criteria, establishment of conditions for recognition of a person as a disabled person;

6) setting standards for technical means of rehabilitation, means of communication and informatics, establishing norms and rules that ensure the accessibility of the living environment for the disabled; determination of relevant certification requirements;

7) establishment of the procedure for accreditation of organizations, regardless of the organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, carrying out activities in the field of rehabilitation of disabled people;

8) implementation of accreditation of enterprises, institutions and organizations that are in federal ownership, carrying out activities in the field of rehabilitation of disabled people;

9) development and implementation of federal target programs in the field of social protection of disabled people, control over their implementation;

10) approval and financing of the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to a disabled person;

11) creation of federal institutions of medical and social expertise, control over their activities;

12)

13) coordination of scientific research, financing of research and development work on the problems of disability and disabled people;

14) development of methodological documents on the issues of social protection of disabled people;

20) establishment of a unified registration system for persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation, including children with disabilities, and the organization, on the basis of this system, of statistical monitoring of the socio-economic situation of persons with disabilities and their demographic composition.

Article 5

State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of social protection and social support for persons with disabilities have the right to:

1) participation in the implementation of state policy in relation to persons with disabilities in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

2) adoption in accordance with federal laws of laws and other regulatory legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation;

3) participation in setting priorities in the implementation of social policy in relation to persons with disabilities in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the level of socio-economic development of these territories;

4) development, approval and implementation of regional programs in the field of social protection of persons with disabilities in order to provide them with equal opportunities and social integration into society, as well as the right to exercise control over their implementation;

5) exchanging information with authorized federal executive bodies on the social protection of disabled people and on the provision of social support to them;

6) providing additional measures of social support to disabled people at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

7) promoting the employment of disabled people, including stimulating the creation of special jobs for their employment;

8) carrying out activities for training personnel in the field of social protection of persons with disabilities;

9) financing of scientific research, research and development work in the field of social protection of persons with disabilities;

10) assistance to public associations of disabled people.

Article 6

For causing harm to the health of citizens that led to disability, the persons guilty of this bear material, civil, administrative and criminal liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Chapter II. Medical and social expertise

Article 7. The concept of medical and social expertise

Medico-social expertise - determination in accordance with the established procedure of the needs of the person being examined for social protection measures, including rehabilitation, based on an assessment of disability caused by a persistent disorder of body functions.

Medical and social expertise is carried out on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the state of the body based on an analysis of clinical and functional, social, household, professional and labor, psychological data of the person being examined using classifications and criteria developed and approved in the manner determined by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation. authorities.

Article 8

Medical and social expertise is carried out by federal institutions of medical and social expertise, subordinate to the authorized body determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. The procedure for organizing and operating federal institutions of medical and social expertise is determined by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Federal institutions of medical and social expertise are entrusted with:

1) establishment of disability, its causes, timing, time of onset of disability, the needs of a disabled person in various types of social protection;

2) development of individual programs for the rehabilitation of disabled people;

3) study of the level and causes of disability in the population;

4) participation in the development of comprehensive programs for the rehabilitation of people with disabilities, prevention of disability and social protection of people with disabilities;

5) determination of the degree of loss of professional ability to work;

6) determination of the cause of death of a disabled person in cases where the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the provision of measures of social support to the family of the deceased.

The decision of the institution of medical and social expertise is binding on the relevant state authorities, local governments, as well as organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership.

Chapter III. Rehabilitation of the disabled

Article 9. The concept of rehabilitation of disabled people

Rehabilitation of disabled people - a system and process of full or partial restoration of the abilities of disabled people for household, social and professional activities. Rehabilitation of disabled people is aimed at eliminating or, if possible, more fully compensating for limitations in life activity caused by a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, in order to socially adapt disabled people, achieve their financial independence and integrate them into society.

The main areas of rehabilitation of the disabled include:

restorative medical measures, reconstructive surgery, prosthetics and orthotics, spa treatment;

vocational guidance, training and education, employment assistance, industrial adaptation;

socio-environmental, socio-pedagogical, socio-psychological and socio-cultural rehabilitation, social adaptation;

physical culture and recreation activities, sports.

The implementation of the main directions of the rehabilitation of the disabled provides for the use by the disabled of technical means of rehabilitation, the creation of the necessary conditions for the unimpeded access of the disabled to the objects of engineering, transport, social infrastructure and the use of means of transport, communications and information, as well as providing the disabled and their families with information on the rehabilitation of the disabled.

Article 10

The state guarantees the disabled to carry out rehabilitation measures, receive technical means and services provided for by the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to the disabled at the expense of the federal budget.

The federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to a disabled person is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 11. Individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person

Individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person - developed on the basis of a decision of the authorized body in charge of federal institutions, medical and social expertise, a set of rehabilitation measures that are optimal for a disabled person, including certain types, forms, volumes, terms and procedures for the implementation of medical, professional and other rehabilitation measures, aimed at restoring, compensating for impaired or lost functions of the body, restoring, compensating for the ability of a disabled person to perform certain types of activities.

An individual program for the rehabilitation of a disabled person is mandatory for execution by the relevant state authorities, local governments, as well as organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership.

The individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person contains both rehabilitation measures provided to a disabled person with exemption from payment in accordance with the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to a disabled person, and rehabilitation measures in which the disabled person himself or other persons or organizations independently participate in the payment. from organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership.

The volume of rehabilitation measures provided for by an individual program for the rehabilitation of a disabled person cannot be less than that established by the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to a disabled person.

An individual rehabilitation program is advisory in nature for a disabled person, he has the right to refuse one or another type, form and volume of rehabilitation measures, as well as from the implementation of the program as a whole. A disabled person has the right to independently decide on the issue of providing himself with a specific technical means of rehabilitation or type of rehabilitation, including wheelchairs, prosthetic and orthopedic products, printed publications with a special font, sound-amplifying equipment, signaling devices, video materials with subtitles or sign language translation, and other similar means.

If a technical means of rehabilitation or a service provided for by an individual rehabilitation program cannot be provided to a disabled person, or if the disabled person has acquired the appropriate means or paid for the service at his own expense, then he shall be paid compensation in the amount of the cost of the technical means of rehabilitation, services that must be provided to the disabled person.

The refusal of a disabled person (or a person representing his interests) from an individual rehabilitation program as a whole or from the implementation of its individual parts releases the relevant state authorities, local governments, as well as organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, from responsibility for its implementation and does not give the disabled person the right to receive compensation in the amount of the cost of rehabilitation measures provided free of charge.

Article 11.1. Technical means of rehabilitation of the disabled

The technical means of rehabilitation of the disabled include devices containing technical solutions, including special ones, used to compensate or eliminate persistent restrictions on the life of a disabled person.

The technical means of rehabilitation of the disabled are:

special means for self-service;

special care products;

special means for orientation (including guide dogs with a set of equipment), communication and information exchange;

special facilities for teaching, education (including literature for the blind) and employment;

prosthetic products (including prosthetic and orthopedic products, orthopedic shoes and special clothing, eye prostheses and hearing aids);

special fitness and sports equipment, sports equipment.

The decision to provide disabled people with technical means of rehabilitation is made when medical indications and contraindications are established.

Medical indications and contraindications are established on the basis of an assessment of persistent disorders of body functions due to diseases, consequences of injuries and defects.

According to medical indications, it is necessary to provide a disabled person with technical means of rehabilitation that provide compensation or elimination of persistent restrictions on the life of a disabled person.

Financing of expenditure obligations to provide disabled people with technical means of rehabilitation, including the manufacture and repair of prosthetic and orthopedic products, is carried out at the expense of the federal budget and the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation.

The technical means of rehabilitation provided for by individual programs for the rehabilitation of disabled people, provided to them at the expense of the federal budget and the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, are transferred to disabled people for free use.

Additional funds for financing the expenses for the technical means of rehabilitation of the disabled provided for by this article may be obtained from other sources not prohibited by law.

Technical means of rehabilitation are provided to disabled people at their place of residence by authorized bodies in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as other interested organizations.

The list of indications for providing disabled persons with technical means of rehabilitation and the procedure for providing disabled persons with technical means of rehabilitation are determined by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The amount and procedure for the payment of annual monetary compensations to disabled persons for the costs of maintaining and veterinary care of guide dogs are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 12. State Service for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled

Chapter IV. Ensuring the life of the disabled

Article 13. Medical assistance to the disabled

The provision of qualified medical care to the disabled is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the framework of the program of state guarantees for the provision of free medical care to citizens of the Russian Federation.

Article 14

The state guarantees the disabled person the right to receive the necessary information. Ensuring the publication of literature for the visually impaired is an expense obligation of the Russian Federation. The acquisition of periodical, scientific, educational, methodological, reference and informational and fiction literature for the disabled, including those published on tape cassettes and Braille, for educational institutions and libraries under the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and municipal educational institutions is the expenditure obligation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, for municipal libraries - the expenditure obligation of the local government. The acquisition of the literature specified in this part for federal educational institutions and libraries is an expense obligation of the Russian Federation.

Sign language is recognized as a means of interpersonal communication. A system of subtitling or sign language translation of television programs, films and videos is being introduced.

Authorized bodies provide assistance to disabled people in obtaining sign language translation services, providing sign language equipment, and providing tiflo means.

Article 15

The Government of the Russian Federation, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms, create conditions for people with disabilities (including people with disabilities who use wheelchairs and guide dogs) for unhindered access to social infrastructure facilities (residential, public and industrial buildings, buildings and structures, sports facilities, recreational facilities, cultural and entertainment and other institutions), as well as for the unimpeded use of railway, air, water, intercity road transport and all types of urban and suburban passenger transport, communications and information (including means providing duplication of light signals of traffic lights and devices regulating the movement of pedestrians through transport communications with sound signals).

Planning and development of cities, other settlements, formation of residential and recreational areas, development of design solutions for new construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures and their complexes, as well as the development and production of public vehicles, communications and information without adapting these objects for access disabled people are not allowed to access them and their use by disabled people is not allowed.

State and municipal expenditures on the development and production of vehicles, taking into account the needs of the disabled, the adaptation of vehicles, communication and information facilities for unhindered access to them by the disabled and their use by the disabled, the creation of conditions for the disabled for unhindered access to engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities are carried out in within the limits of appropriations annually provided for these purposes in the budgets of all levels. Expenses for carrying out these activities that are not related to state and municipal expenses are carried out at the expense of other sources not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

In cases where the existing facilities cannot be fully adapted to the needs of the disabled, the owners of these facilities should take measures in agreement with public associations of the disabled to ensure that the minimum needs of the disabled are met.

Enterprises, institutions and organizations providing transport services to the population provide equipment with special devices for stations, airports and other facilities that allow disabled people to freely use their services. Organizations of the machine-building complex engaged in the production of vehicles, as well as organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms, providing transport services to the population, provide the equipment of these vehicles with special devices and devices in order to create conditions for disabled people for the unhindered use of these vehicles.

Places for the construction of a garage or parking for technical and other vehicles are provided to disabled people out of turn near their place of residence, taking into account urban planning standards.

At each parking lot (stop) of motor vehicles, including those near trade enterprises, services, medical, sports and cultural and entertainment institutions, at least 10 percent of places (but not less than one place) are allocated for parking special vehicles of disabled people who are not must be occupied by other vehicles. Disabled people use the parking spaces for special vehicles free of charge.

Article 16

Legal entities and officials for evading the fulfillment of the requirements stipulated by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts for creating conditions for persons with disabilities for unhindered access to engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities, as well as for unhindered use of railway, air, water, intercity road transport and all types of urban and suburban passenger transport, means of communication and information bear administrative responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Funds received from the collection of administrative fines for evading the requirements to create conditions for persons with disabilities for unhindered access to these facilities and funds are credited to the federal budget.

Article 17

Disabled persons and families with disabled children who need to improve their living conditions are registered and provided with living quarters in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The provision of housing at the expense of the federal budget to disabled people and families with disabled children in need of better housing conditions, registered before January 1, 2005, is carried out in accordance with the provisions of Article 28.2 of this Federal Law.

Disabled persons and families with disabled children who are in need of better housing conditions and registered after January 1, 2005 are provided with housing in accordance with the housing legislation of the Russian Federation.

Determining the procedure for providing residential premises (under a social tenancy agreement or in ownership) to citizens in need of improved housing conditions, registered before January 1, 2005, is established by the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Living quarters are provided to the disabled, families with disabled children, taking into account the state of health and other circumstances worthy of attention.

Disabled persons may be provided with housing under a social tenancy agreement with a total area exceeding the provision rate per person (but not more than twice), provided that they suffer from severe forms of chronic diseases provided for in the list established by the federal body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation executive power.

The payment for a dwelling (payment for social rent, as well as for the maintenance and repair of a dwelling) provided to a disabled person under a social tenancy agreement in excess of the norm for providing the area of ​​dwellings, is determined based on the occupied total area of ​​the dwelling in a single amount, taking into account the benefits provided.

Residential premises occupied by disabled people are equipped with special facilities and devices in accordance with the individual program for the rehabilitation of a disabled person.

Disabled persons living in stationary social service institutions and wishing to receive housing under a social tenancy agreement are subject to registration for improving their living conditions, regardless of the size of the occupied area and are provided with housing on an equal basis with other disabled people.

Disabled children living in stationary social service institutions, who are orphans or left without parental care, upon reaching the age of 18, are subject to provision with living quarters out of turn, if the individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person provides for the possibility of self-service and leading an independent lifestyle.

The dwelling in the houses of the state or municipal housing stock, occupied by a disabled person under a social contract of employment, when the disabled person is placed in a stationary social service institution, is retained by him for six months.

Specially equipped living quarters in the houses of the state or municipal housing stock, occupied by disabled people under a social contract of employment, upon their release, are populated first of all by other disabled people who need to improve their living conditions.

Disabled people and families with disabled children are provided with a discount of at least 50 percent on payment for housing (in houses of state or municipal housing stock) and utility bills (regardless of the ownership of the housing stock), and in residential buildings that do not have central heating, - on the cost of fuel purchased within the limits established for sale to the population.

Disabled people and families with disabled people are given the right to receive land plots for individual housing construction, maintenance of subsidiary and summer cottages and gardening as a matter of priority.

Article 18. Upbringing and education of children with disabilities

Educational institutions, together with the social protection authorities of the population and health authorities, provide pre-school, out-of-school upbringing and education for disabled children, the receipt of secondary general education, secondary vocational and higher professional education by the disabled in accordance with the individual rehabilitation program for the disabled.

Disabled children of preschool age are provided with the necessary rehabilitation measures and conditions are created for staying in general preschool institutions. For disabled children whose state of health excludes the possibility of their stay in preschool institutions of a general type, special preschool institutions are being created.

If it is impossible to carry out the upbringing and education of disabled children in general or special preschool and general educational institutions, educational authorities and educational institutions provide, with the consent of their parents, the education of disabled children according to a full general educational or individual program at home.

The procedure for the upbringing and education of disabled children at home, as well as the amount of compensation for the expenses of parents for these purposes, are determined by laws and other regulations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and are expenditure obligations of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The upbringing and education of disabled children in preschool and general education institutions is an expense obligation of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Article 19. Education of disabled people

The state guarantees the necessary conditions for disabled people to receive education and vocational training.

General education of disabled people is carried out with exemption from payment both in general educational institutions equipped with special technical means, if necessary, and in special educational institutions and is regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The state shall provide disabled persons with basic general, secondary (complete) general education, primary vocational, secondary vocational and higher vocational education in accordance with the individual program for the rehabilitation of a disabled person.

Professional education of disabled people in educational institutions of various types and levels is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

For disabled people who need special conditions for receiving vocational education, special vocational educational institutions of various types and types are created or appropriate conditions are created in vocational educational institutions of a general type.

Vocational training and vocational education of disabled people in special vocational educational institutions for disabled people are carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards on the basis of educational programs adapted for the training of disabled people.

The organization of the educational process in special vocational educational institutions for the disabled is regulated by regulatory legal acts, organizational and methodological materials of the relevant federal executive authorities.

Providing disabled people with exemption from payment or on preferential terms with special teaching aids and literature, as well as the opportunity to use the services of sign language interpreters, is an expense obligation of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of students studying in federal state educational institutions). For disabled people studying in federal state educational institutions, the provision of these activities is an expense obligation of the Russian Federation.

Article 20

Persons with disabilities are guaranteed employment by the federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation through the following special measures that contribute to increasing their competitiveness in the labor market:

1) The clause became invalid on January 1, 2005 in accordance with Federal Law No. 122-FZ of August 22, 2004;

2) establishing in organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, a quota for hiring disabled people and a minimum number of special jobs for disabled people;

3) reservation of jobs in professions most suitable for the employment of disabled people;

4) stimulating the creation by enterprises, institutions, organizations of additional jobs (including special ones) for the employment of disabled people;

5) creating working conditions for disabled people in accordance with individual programs for the rehabilitation of disabled people;

6) creating conditions for entrepreneurial activity of disabled people;

7) organizing training for disabled people in new professions.

Article 21

For organizations with more than 100 employees, the legislation of the subject of the Russian Federation establishes a quota for hiring disabled people as a percentage of the average number of employees (but not less than 2 and not more than 4 percent).

Public associations of disabled people and organizations formed by them, including business partnerships and companies whose authorized (share) capital consists of the contribution of a public association of disabled people, are exempt from mandatory quotas for jobs for disabled people.

Article 22

Special workplaces for the employment of persons with disabilities - workplaces that require additional measures for the organization of labor, including the adaptation of basic and auxiliary equipment, technical and organizational equipment, additional equipment and the provision of technical devices, taking into account the individual capabilities of persons with disabilities.

The minimum number of special jobs for the employment of disabled people is established by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for each enterprise, institution, organization within the established quota for hiring disabled people.

Article 23. Working conditions of disabled people

Disabled people employed in organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, are provided with the necessary working conditions in accordance with an individual program for the rehabilitation of a disabled person.

It is not allowed to establish in collective or individual labor contracts the working conditions of disabled people (remuneration, working hours and rest time, the duration of annual and additional paid holidays, etc.), which worsen the situation of disabled people in comparison with other workers.

For disabled people of groups I and II, a reduced working time of no more than 35 hours per week is established with full pay.

Involving disabled people in overtime work, work on weekends and at night is allowed only with their consent and provided that such work is not prohibited to them for health reasons.

Disabled persons are granted annual leave of at least 30 calendar days.

Article 24

Employers have the right to request and receive information necessary when creating special jobs for the employment of disabled people.

Employers, in accordance with the established quota for hiring disabled people, are obliged to:

1) create or allocate jobs for the employment of persons with disabilities;

2) create working conditions for the disabled in accordance with the individual rehabilitation program for the disabled;

3) to provide, in accordance with the established procedure, the information necessary for the organization of employment of disabled people.

Article 25. Procedure and conditions for recognizing a disabled person as unemployed

The article became invalid on January 1, 2005. in accordance with the Federal Law of August 22, 2004 No. 122-FZ.

Article 26

Article 27

The material support of the disabled includes cash payments on various grounds (pensions, allowances, insurance payments in case of health risk insurance, payments to compensate for harm caused to health, and other payments), compensation in cases established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 28

Social services for the disabled are carried out in the manner and on the grounds determined by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the participation of public associations of the disabled.

The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation create special social services for the disabled, including those for the delivery of food and industrial goods to the disabled, and approve a list of diseases of the disabled, for which they are entitled to preferential services.

Disabled people in need of outside care and assistance are provided with medical and household services at home or in stationary institutions. The conditions for the stay of persons with disabilities in a stationary social service institution must ensure the possibility for persons with disabilities to exercise their rights and legitimate interests in accordance with this Federal Law and contribute to the satisfaction of their needs.

Disabled people are provided with the necessary means of telecommunication services, special telephone sets (including those for subscribers with hearing impairments), public call centers for collective use.

Disabled people are provided with household appliances, typhlo-, deaf- and other means necessary for their social adaptation.

Maintenance and repair of technical means of rehabilitation of the disabled are carried out out of turn with exemption from payment or on preferential terms.

The procedure for the provision of services for the maintenance and repair of technical means of rehabilitation of the disabled is determined by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 28.1. Monthly allowance for people with disabilities

1. Disabled persons and children with disabilities are entitled to a monthly cash payment in the amount and in the manner established by this article.

2. The monthly cash payment is set in the amount of:

1) disabled people of group I - 2,162 rubles;

2) disabled people of group II, disabled children - 1,544 rubles;

3) disabled persons of group III - 1,236 rubles;

4) disabled people who do not have a degree of limitation of the ability to work, with the exception of disabled children - 772 rubles.

3. If a citizen simultaneously has the right to a monthly cash payment under this Federal Law and another federal law or other regulatory legal act, regardless of the basis on which it is established (except for cases when a monthly cash payment is established in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On social protection of citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster" (as amended by the Law of the Russian Federation of June 18, 1992 No. 3061-1), Federal Law of January 10, 2002 No. 2-FZ "On social guarantees for citizens exposed to radiation due to nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site"), he is provided with one monthly cash payment either under this Federal Law, or under another federal law or other regulatory legal act at the choice of a citizen.

4. The amount of the monthly cash payment is subject to indexation once a year from April 1 of the current year based on the forecast level of inflation established by the federal law on the federal budget for the corresponding financial year and for the planning period.

5. The monthly cash payment is established and paid by the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

6. Monthly cash payment is made in the manner determined by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of healthcare and social development.

7. Part of the amount of the monthly cash payment may be used to finance the provision of social services to a disabled person in accordance with the Federal Law of July 17, 1999 No. 178-FZ "On State Social Assistance".

Article 28.2. Provision of social support measures for disabled people to pay for housing and utilities, as well as to provide housing for disabled people and families with disabled children

The Russian Federation transfers to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation the authority to provide measures of social support for disabled people to pay for housing and utilities and to provide housing for disabled people and families with disabled children who need to improve their living conditions, registered before January 1, 2005 .

Funds for the implementation of the delegated powers to provide these measures of social support are provided as part of the Federal Compensation Fund, formed in the federal budget, in the form of subventions.

The amount of funds provided for in the Federal Fund for Compensation to the Budgets of the Subjects of the Russian Federation is determined by:

on payment of housing and communal services based on the number of persons entitled to these measures of social support; approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of the federal standard for the maximum cost of housing and communal services provided per 1 square meter of total housing area per month and the federal standard for the social norm of housing area used to calculate interbudgetary transfers;

to provide housing for disabled people and families with disabled children, based on the number of persons eligible for these social support measures; the total area of ​​housing is 18 square meters and the average market value of 1 square meter of the total area of ​​housing in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Subventions are credited in accordance with the procedure established for the execution of the federal budget to the accounts of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for spending and accounting for funds for the provision of subventions is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The form of providing these measures of social support is determined by the regulatory legal acts of the subject of the Russian Federation.

State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation quarterly submit to the federal executive body that develops a unified state financial, credit, monetary policy, a report on the spending of the provided subventions indicating the number of persons entitled to these social support measures, categories of recipients of social support measures, and to the federal executive body that develops a unified state policy in the field of healthcare, social development, labor and consumer protection - a list of persons who have been provided with social support measures, indicating the categories of recipients, the grounds for receiving social support measures, the size of the occupied area and cost provided or purchased housing. If necessary, additional reporting data shall be submitted in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Funds for the implementation of these powers are targeted and cannot be used for other purposes.

In the event that the funds are used for purposes other than those intended, the authorized federal executive body shall have the right to recover the said funds in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Control over the spending of funds is carried out by the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the financial and budgetary sphere, the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of healthcare and social development, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

The state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall have the right to vest local self-government bodies with the powers to provide social support measures specified in part one of this article by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Article 29

The article became invalid from January 1, 2005 in accordance with the Federal Law of August 22, 2004 No. 122-FZ.

Article 30

The article became invalid on January 1, 2005. in accordance with the Federal Law of August 22, 2004 No. 122-FZ.

Article 31

In cases where other legal acts for the disabled provide for norms that increase the level of social protection of the disabled in comparison with this Federal Law, the provisions of these legal acts shall apply. If a disabled person is entitled to the same measure of social protection under this Federal Law and at the same time under another legal act, the measure of social protection is provided either under this Federal Law or under another legal act (regardless of the basis for establishing the benefit).

Article 32. Responsibility for violation of the rights of disabled people. Dispute resolution

Citizens and officials guilty of violating the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities are liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Disputes regarding the establishment of disability, the implementation of individual programs for the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, the provision of specific measures of social protection, as well as disputes relating to other rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities, are considered in court.

Chapter V. Public Associations of the Disabled

Article 33

Public associations created and operating in order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of disabled people, to provide them with equal opportunities with other citizens, are a form of social protection for disabled people. The state renders assistance and assistance to the said public associations, including material, technical and financial assistance.

Public organizations of persons with disabilities are recognized as organizations created by persons with disabilities and persons representing their interests in order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of persons with disabilities, provide them with equal opportunities with other citizens, solve the problems of social integration of persons with disabilities, among whose members are persons with disabilities and their legal representatives (one of the parents , adoptive parents, guardian or trustee) make up at least 80 percent, as well as unions (associations) of these organizations.

Federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, involve authorized representatives of public associations of disabled people to prepare and make decisions affecting the interests of disabled people. Decisions made in violation of this rule may be declared invalid in court.

Enterprises, institutions, organizations, business partnerships and companies, buildings, structures, equipment, transport, housing stock, intellectual property, cash, shares, shares and securities, as well as any other property and land plots may be owned by public associations of disabled people in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 34. Benefits provided to public associations of the disabled

The article became invalid from January 1, 2005 in accordance with the Federal Law of August 22, 2004 No. 122-FZ.

Chapter VI. Final provisions

Article 35. Entry into force of this Federal Law

This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication, with the exception of articles for which other effective dates have been established.

Articles 21, 22, 23 (except for part one), 24 (except for paragraph 2 of part two) of this Federal Law shall enter into force on July 1, 1995; Articles 11 and 17, Part two of Article 18, Part three of Article 19, Clause 5 of Article 20, Part one of Article 23, Clause 2 of Part two of Article 24, Part two of Article 25 of this Federal Law shall enter into force on January 1, 1996; Articles 28, 29, 30 of this Federal Law shall enter into force on January 1, 1997 in terms of expanding the benefits currently in effect.

Articles 14, 15, 16 of this Federal Law shall enter into force during 1995-1999. The specific dates for the entry into force of these articles are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 36. Validity of laws and other normative legal acts

The President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation shall bring their regulatory legal acts in line with this Federal Law.

Until laws and other regulatory legal acts in force on the territory of the Russian Federation are brought into line with this Federal Law, laws and other regulatory legal acts shall apply to the extent that they do not contradict this Federal Law.

President of Russian Federation	B. Yeltsin
Moscow Kremlin

407 10/08/2019 7 min.

The participation of persons with disabilities in society is complicated due to physical disabilities. Social protection from the state is called upon to overcome these barriers. On the basis of the law, a special system of rights and obligations of a disabled person is being built. In this article, we will consider the existing guarantees and measures of social support for the disabled, and show whether conditions for equality with other citizens have been created.

What you need to know about being disabled

A disabled person is a person who has a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions due to diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects.

As a result, a person partially or completely loses the ability or opportunity to live fully. This manifests itself in difficulty:

• assessment of the current situation, its location in space and time;
• moving without assistance;
• satisfaction of their needs of a physiological nature, compliance with the rules of hygiene;
• perception of information from other people, its comprehension, transmission of one's thoughts;
• control of one's own actions within the framework of the norms accepted by society;
• memorization and assimilation of knowledge, their application in practice;
• performance of work duties.

To be sure of the correctness of the ITU conclusion, study the classification of disability groups.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the Protection of the Disabled”

Limitation of life activity leads to the need for social protection and support from the state. Creating conditions for equal opportunities is the main task of such protection. The framework of the rights granted to disabled people is based on international standards and formalized in the system of legal acts of Russia. The basic documents are the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal law N 181-FZ "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation" dated November 24, 1995, as amended on December 5, 2017.

Benefits and guarantees are provided to persons with disabilities only after acquiring the status of a disabled person. The institution of medical and social expertise, on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the state of health, makes a decision on the recognition of disability, determines protection measures, forms an individual program of rehabilitation or habilitation.

Surnames, names, addresses, dates of birth, education, places of work, disability groups, benefits received, vouchers and other information about such persons are combined into a single electronic system called the Federal Register of Disabled Persons (FRI).

After passing the ITU, a rehabilitation plan is developed for each disabled person

If at the time of obtaining the status a person had at least some work experience, then he is entitled to. If there is no experience, then you should count on.

Guaranteed social security rights

Rehabilitation is a system and process of full or partial restoration of the abilities of disabled people for household, social, professional and other activities.

habilitation- this is a system and process of formation of abilities for household, social, professional and other activities that were absent in disabled people.

These protective measures are designed to compensate for (and, if possible, eliminate) the restrictions on the life of such a person. A disabled person has the right to receive assistance in the medical, professional, pedagogical, household and sports fields, i.e. where it is difficult to adapt independently.

For each disabled person, a personal rehabilitation or habilitation program is drawn up. The measures included in it are obligatory for execution by persons of any organizational and legal form. If it is impossible to provide a service or technical means of rehabilitation from the program, the disabled person is paid monetary compensation.

Participation in a rehabilitation program is not an obligation, but a right of a disabled person. He can refuse completely or partially, and independently provide himself with technical means of rehabilitation (prostheses, hearing aids, etc.).

In case of failure from the program, the disabled person is not entitled to demand its implementation from state bodies and compensation for unprovided free services.

Habilitation is a complex of social and medical assistance

Right to assistance from medical structures

Disability refers to constant or occasional medical attention. It is free within the same framework as for other citizens, there is freedom to choose a doctor and a medical organization. At the same time, special medical institutions have been created to provide assistance to the disabled (centers, departments, boarding houses, sanatorium and resort facilities).

The status of a disabled person gives the right to additional assistance:

1. Free medicines, medical products and products are issued according to prescriptions in a special format. A prescription is issued by a doctor on the basis of the data contained in the FRI upon presentation of a passport.
2. A voucher to a sanatorium can be obtained on the basis of a doctor's certificate of the need for preventive treatment. The certificate is valid for 6 months.

The duration of treatment of disabled children in a sanatorium can reach 21 days. Disabled persons of all groups will spend up to 18 days in such an institution. With the exception of disabled people with impaired brain function (spinal and brain), whose treatment period varies from 24 to 42 days.

The task of society is to make the environment as accessible as possible for people with disabilities

For access to information

Disabled people have the right to use publicly available data on an equal basis with other citizens. Ensuring the right to information is carried out in the following areas:

• Libraries are replenished with educational, reference and other types of literature on non-standard media. Difficulties with vision are solved through audio literature and books written in Braille. The source of replenishment is the release and purchase at the expense of the state.
• Hearing difficulties are overcome through visual sources of information (films, programs, etc.), supplemented by sign language translation or subtitles. Assistance is also provided by the provision of hearing aids to such persons.
• Persons with hearing and / or visual impairments are helped by typhlo-signal translation (tactile finger method) and typhlo-means.

The law recognizes sign Russian as the language of communication, the translation services of which must be provided by any state organization.

Free education is also a state task within the law

For unimpeded visits to social facilities

Disabled people can swim in pools, use transport, go to a hairdresser. In theory… In practice, they are often limited in their ability to get where they need to go. Now these barriers have been removed by the introduction of mandatory norms on:

• bringing the territory into a state of accessibility for such persons: installing special ramps for wheelchairs, expanding doorways, re-equipping elevators, etc. Compulsory for all buildings under construction and reconstruction from July 1, 2016. If the re-equipment is no longer possible, it will be necessary to agree with the disabled society on the procedure for providing the service in another way (at home, remotely, etc.);
• accompanying the blind and those who are unable to move on their own;
• duplication of the necessary information: addition of graphic images with sound information and inscriptions in Braille;
• admission of guide dogs with a document on their special training;
• installation of equipment and sources of information in accessible places;
• providing 10% of parking spaces for free parking of disabled vehicles.

Wheelchairs and guide dogs are no longer an obstacle to visiting public places.

Due to the lack of adequate infrastructure, people do not leave their homes for years

Benefits in the housing sector

The need for housing is satisfied by providing housing under a social tenancy agreement from the state or municipal fund. The size of the living space can exceed the norm by a maximum of two times, depending on the severity of the disease. In this case, the fee (for hiring, repair and maintenance) is charged in a single amount.

If such a person ends up in a social service organization for a long time, then housing is retained for him only for six months. After that, it is distributed among other disabled people.

Upon reaching the age of 18, orphans recognized as disabled are provided with housing in the first place, subject to two conditions:

1. their place of residence was an organization providing permanent social services (shelters, orphanages);
2. they are able to live independently, have household skills.

The rehabilitation and habilitation program for a disabled person determines a set of tools and devices that are allowed to be installed in a residential area.

Benefits for people with disabilities in the housing sector:

• 50% of the rent and expenses for the repair and maintenance of the dwelling (excluding privately owned dwellings)
• 50% payment for services regardless of the form of ownership (water, electricity, sewerage, etc.)

Families with disabilities have priority in the queue for obtaining land plots for building a house and engaging in gardening and horticulture.

Education

All levels of education are available to persons with disabilities on a free basis. Their content is adapted to the programs of habilitation and rehabilitation.

Certain types of diseases give the right to study at home. In other cases, educational structures must create conditions for learning, including a sanitary environment and the relevance of educational programs to the capabilities of people with disabilities.

Educational staff have an obligation to provide support, whether they are educated at home or in public institutions.

Legislation provides benefits for housing and communal services

Improving the competitiveness of people with disabilities in the labor market

Professional adaptation of persons with disabilities is provided by the state through:

1. Quota settings for employment: from 2 to 4% (if there are more than 100 employees); up to 3% (from 35 to 100 employees). Quotas are mandatory for any organization.
2. Creation of adapted workplaces (with other equipment, lighting, etc.) within these quotas.
3. Requirements for the compliance of working conditions with the rehabilitation (habilitation) program.
4. Teaching new professions, stimulating the entrepreneurship of such persons.

Disabled people of groups I and II are guaranteed full pay for a working week of 35 hours. All persons with disabilities are entitled to leave of 30 calendar days.

For children, the issuance of medicines and the issuance of special means, for example, wheelchairs

Services at the social level

Social services are provided by social service organizations with the assistance of public associations of the disabled.

Such services are provided:

• Stationary, when a person lives in an institution around the clock. Housing, medicines, special equipment, food, clothing, etc. are issued on the spot.
• At a day hospital, when staying in an organization and receiving services are limited to part of the day.
• At home if you can't go outside. This is how medicines, food are bought, cleaning is done, etc.

A disabled person has the right to give a damaged means of technical rehabilitation (wheelchair, hearing aid, prosthesis, etc.) for repair free of charge or on preferential terms, without waiting in line.

Material support

This is assistance in the form of allowances, pensions, payments in case of harm, the occurrence of an insured event, etc. In addition, disabled people receive an additional payment (UDV) every month.