Business plans for the production of sunflower oil. The main characteristics and purpose of equipment for the production of sunflower oil. Sales of finished products

The catalog contains vegetable oil producers in Russia. Selling large and small wholesale. The list includes 100 companies for 2019. Wholesale prices are set directly by suppliers.

Sunflower oil accounts for over 80% of the vegetable oil market. It is followed by soybean, corn and rapeseed. The main share of production, from 40%, belongs to the regions of the Southern Federal District - Kuban, Rostov region, etc. Oil extraction plants produce products by cold or hot pressing.

Well-known Russian enterprises:

Krasnogorsk Fat Plant,
CJSC DonMasloProduct,
Oil Plant Altai-Rodino LLC,
SHP "Sunny Field",
"Kulundinsky oil plant", etc.

Vegetable oil producers invite wholesalers, dealers and representatives in the regions to cooperate. In order to buy food products in bulk, download the price list, contact the manufacturers' managers on their pages. The list is updated regularly.

Vegetable oil is becoming increasingly popular, the demand for this product is constantly growing, so the production of this product can be considered a very profitable business. Vegetable oil is liked by people for its varied taste and the ability to complement any dish. Different types of butter go well with different dishes, so there is always more than one type of oil available in the kitchen.

Where to organize the production of vegetable oil

It is most efficient to organize a plant for the production of vegetable oil near the places where raw materials for it are grown. If there is a source of materials nearby, you can save a significant amount on the delivery of raw materials to the workshops, therefore it is necessary to open your own plant in the region where the raw materials grow, building a plant in close proximity to the fields would be a good solution.

When choosing a location for a plant, one should not focus only on the proximity of the consumers of the product, it will be much more effective to consider mainly the location relative to agricultural land with materials for oil. Delivering the finished product to the store is much easier and cheaper than transporting large quantities of raw materials. This is due to a decrease in the volume of cargo after processing.

Raw materials for the production of vegetable oil:

The quality of the product will depend primarily on the raw materials used. Sacristy plants can act as materials for production, depending on the type of vegetable oil produced:

Sunflower. It is divided into refined, used for frying and baking and unrefined - for salads. Sunflower seed oil is high in lecithin, vitamins and omega-6 acids.
Olive oil contains fat-soluble vitamins and saturated acids; it is used for frying and salad dressing. It does not emit harmful substances during heating. The oil has found application in cosmetology and pharmacology.
Soy. The composition contains a large amount of omega-3 and omega-6 acids, choline, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids. The oil is mainly used for the production of sauces and baby food.
Corn. Contains biologically active components, tocopherol, omega-6. It is used for cooking dishes requiring high temperature effects (stewing, frying).
Palm oil contains saturated fatty acids and a lot of vitamin A, E, omega-6 and phytosterols. The oil can only be used for frying or stewing; when not heated, it takes on a semi-solid form.
Mustard oil is distinguished by the presence of biologically active substances (vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids). Good for salad dressing, frying or preserving. The oil is characterized by slow oxidation.
Sesame. It contains the maximum amount of calcium among the oil in the almost complete absence of vitamins A, E, and is distinguished by the presence of squalene, a strong antioxidant. Gained popularity thanks to Asian cuisine, is used for the manufacture of confectionery, does not tolerate heating to extremely high temperatures.
Flaxseed oil is the champion in the content of omega-3 and omega-6, thanks to which it helps to improve the condition of the skin, ox and nails. Suitable for dressing various dishes, but not applicable for frying.

Cereal crops

At one enterprise it is impossible to produce all types of oil at once, so a businessman must choose one of them depending on the availability of raw materials. The most common option for production is the production of oil from cereals. The technology is very simple, and the provision of workshops with equipment does not cause difficulties. The process of making oil from cereals:

First, grains are cleaned from dirt in the separator;
After that, with the help of shell and fan installations, the grains are deprived of their husks;
On a roller machine, the grains are ground and turned into a homogeneous mass;
The resulting mass is sent to roasting ovens;
Roasted grains are sent to the presses, after the cold-pressed oil is sent to settle;
The rest of the oil still contained in the cake is obtained by extraction. Distillation is carried out with the help of solvents;
Settled cold-pressed oil undergoes mechanical filtration;
The finished product is packed on oil bottling lines. As a container, you can use glass or plastic bottles.

Cereal crops require special storage conditions. For the long-term preservation of all the properties of raw materials, it is necessary to constantly monitor the humidity and temperature in the warehouse, they should not be allowed to increase. Storage of raw materials is carried out in large piles, on a clean floor. If the norms are not observed, the grains quickly begin to spontaneously heat up, as a result of which they quickly become unusable.

How to arrange the supply of raw materials

The uninterrupted supply of raw materials is the key to the stable operation of the enterprise, therefore this item is one of the most important in business planning. The best option would be to conclude supply contracts with nearby farms.

When buying in bulk, you can save a lot, but you will have to take care of the availability of a suitable warehouse that can ensure the safety of the product for a long time.

Independently grow oilseeds

One of the reliable options for providing an enterprise with raw materials is its independent cultivation. In this case, fields with oil plants can be located in close proximity to the oil production workshop and save a lot on delivery. In addition, self-grown materials will go to the businessman at cost.

But the organization of the cultivation of raw materials will require great attention from the businessman. There are several main stages of obtaining raw materials from your own land:

Sowing;
Field care;
Harvesting;
Plowing the land.

Each of the stages will require the participation of specialists and several units of agricultural equipment. Buying all the necessary machines for field care can be very expensive, so it will be profitable for novice businessmen not to buy, but to rent equipment and specialists in handling it.

Typical business plan for the production of vegetable oil

Before starting a business organization, it is necessary to develop a business plan, which indicates the following points:

Raw material suppliers (agricultural companies or self-cultivation plan);
Sales channels for finished products;
The method of obtaining the premises (rent or acquisition of ownership);
List of necessary equipment and machinery to ensure the operation of the enterprise and methods of its acquisition;
List of required employees and estimated salary for them.

In addition, the plan indicates the expected payback period of the enterprise, depending on the quantity and cost of the products produced.

Room and equipment for oil production

A production floor space can play a crucial role in the profitability of a business. Requirements for the site for the location of a workshop processing 50 tons per shift:

The minimum area is 2000 m 2 at a rate of 40 m 2 per ton;
Premises for the storage of raw materials should allow the storage of material for 2 months. Requirements for warehouses for seeds do not allow making the premises compact, so they occupy an area twice the size of the production workshop - 4000 m 2;
Cake should be stored in another warehouse, 2000 m 2 is enough for this;
The finished product warehouse occupies 1500 m 2 ;
Storage of husks can be carried out on the street under a canopy, 15 acres is enough for this.

The premises turn out to be very large, it is very difficult to find a suitable plant for rent, in this case businessmen are helped out by prefabricated frame structures.

Oil shop equipment can be bought as a ready-made production line. Additionally, you will have to purchase a device for packing the finished oil. When purchasing, it is necessary to compare the capacity of the installations so that there is no queue of products for packaging or equipment does not stand idle. Equipping the workshop with everything necessary will cost approximately 6,000,000. At the same time, it is worth considering the cost of delivery and installation, it will be approximately 35% of the price of equipment. As a result, about 8,000,000 will have to be paid for equipping the workshop.

Sales of products

Large retail chains, small shops, markets can serve as a source of sales. It is far from always possible to sell oil in cafes and canteens due to the too slow consumption of the product. The owners of such establishments can periodically order large quantities of butter. For the successful marketing of the product, it is necessary to conclude contracts for the supply of oil to different stores in advance.

Profitability of vegetable oil production

When organizing an enterprise that processes 50 tons of raw materials per shift, you can make a profit from the following products:

Sunflower oil - 35 rubles per liter, the company can produce 16 tons or 17,000 liters per shift. You can get about 600,000 rubles a month from the sale of oil;
The husk will cost 900 rubles for each ton, after processing the raw materials and selling the material, the owner will receive 90,000 rubles;
The meal can be sold for 36,000.

Total for the month, the profit will be 726,000, the profitability of the enterprise will be approximately 20%.

Do you know that Russia is one of the world leaders not only in oil production, but also in the production of sunflower oil? I was also surprised to find out. To find out how such a necessary product in cooking is extracted from seeds, I went to Voronezh, to one of the largest Russian factories for the production of sunflower oil.

Today in a special report for a story about how sunflower gold is squeezed out of seeds.

Before the main story, we learn about the history of sunflower oil.
According to Wikipedia, the evolution of sunflower as a cultivated plant took place in the Russian Empire, and industrial production is associated with the name of Daniil Bokarev. In 1829, he invented a method for extracting oil from sunflower seeds. Four years later, in 1833, in the settlement of Alekseevka, Voronezh province (now the Belgorod region), the merchant Papushin, with the assistance of Bokarev, built the first oil mill in Russia. In 1834, Bokarev opened his own oil mill. In 1835, the export of butter abroad began. By 1860 there were about 160 oil mills in Alekseevka.

Plants for the production of sunflower oil are built in the immediate vicinity of the place where sunflower grows, that is, mainly in the black earth or in the southern regions of Russia. This is done not only to make it convenient to transport seeds to the plant, but also for economic reasons - sunflower seeds weigh very little compared to the final product, and it is not advisable to carry them over long distances.

The plant that produces the well-known brand of sunflower oil "Oleina" in Russia was built not so long ago, in 2008. However, in a short time the company has taken a leading position among the producers of sunflower oil.
1

And we will probably go to the production and find out how sunflower oil is still made.

Everything starts here. In front of the entrance to the plant there is such a house with a canopy. This is the laboratory where the seed truck pulls up. Here the quality of incoming seeds to the plant is determined (weediness, moisture content, oil content, pest infestation, etc.). If the seeds do not meet the requirements, they are taken back to the producer. There are dozens of such trucks with trailers in front of the entrance to the plant.
2

Then the seed truck is weighed.
3

Then you need to unload the seeds. This happens as follows - the truck drives onto a special lift, where it is fixed with chains, then it rises at an angle, and the seeds are unloaded into a special container. From there, they are sent along conveyor belts to be cleaned of litter and, if necessary, to a dryer for drying. And already the seeds can be transferred for storage in silos (storage facilities).
4

Huge cylindrical containers in the photo are the same storage facilities. Here the seeds are stored at a certain temperature. The higher the oil content of the seeds, the greater the oil yield.
5

There are many different containers on the territory of the plant. Some are for storing seeds, others are for storing processed raw materials - cake, meal. What is it I will tell further.
6

By the way, it looks like this.
7

Move on. Traffic on the territory of the plant is organized more strictly than in the traffic rules: there are prohibition signs everywhere, and pedestrians are allowed to walk on the territory of the plant only along a dedicated lane.
8

The plant has its own railway line. From here, processed raw materials (oil, meal) go to various regions.
9

But back to production. Seeds ready for processing are transported by conveyor belts to the first stage of production.
10

In the seed processing workshop, the seeds are crushed (destruction of the peel) and separated from the kernel
11

Caving occurs in these devices. With the help of centrifugal force, the seeds are broken against the whips, resulting in a rushanka (kernel and husk). Then the kernels are separated from the husk and each part goes its own way for further processing.
12

13

The kernel is sent for moisture-thermal treatment to the braziers, where, heated up to 90C, it is prepared for oil extraction in presses. At this stage, pressing oil is obtained, which, after filtration, is sent for temporary storage, and the resulting solid and still oilseed cake is transferred to the next stage.
15

The characteristic taste of oil after hot pressing is reminiscent of roasted sunflower seeds. Oils obtained by hot pressing are more intensely colored and flavored due to the oxidation products that form during heating. Cold-pressed sunflower oil is obtained from mint without heating. The advantage of this oil is the preservation of most of the useful substances in it: antioxidants, vitamins, lecithin. The negative point is that such a product cannot be stored for a long time, quickly becomes cloudy, rancid and becomes dangerous to health.

The cake remaining after pressing the oil is transferred to the extraction for a deeper extraction of the oil. or used in animal husbandry. Sunflower oil obtained by pressing is called pressed, because after pressing it is only settled and filtered. Such a product has high taste and nutritional properties.

In the photo, I am holding a piece of cake.
16

Hipsters are not allowed!
17

In this building there are devices for refining (cleaning) oil from accompanying organic impurities. Refined oil has practically no color, taste, smell. The cleaning process consists of several stages.
18

At the first stage, the removal of phosphatides or hydration occurs - treatment with a small amount of hot - up to 70 ° C water. As a result, phospholipids become insoluble in oil and precipitate, after which they are separated on centrifugal separators. , Phospholipids are useful substances, but are not stable in oil. During storage, they form a precipitate in the oil and the oil begins to rancid, and when frying in a pan, they burn.

Refined oil has a slightly lower biological value than raw oil, since hydration removes part of the phosphatides, but it is stored longer. Such processing makes the vegetable oil transparent, after which it is called commercial hydrated.

In the second stage, the oil is bleached. Bleaching is the treatment of oil with adsorbents of natural origin (most often special clays) that absorb coloring components, after which the oil is clarified. Pigments pass into the oil from the seeds and also threaten to oxidize the finished product. After bleaching, the oil becomes light yellow in color.

Tools for maintaining oil filtration apparatus.
20

After bleaching, the oil is sent to the freezing section. Freezing is the removal of wax from oil. All seeds are covered with wax, this is a kind of protection from natural factors. Wax makes the oil cloudy and thereby spoils its presentation. The purification process in this case occurs when the oil is cooled to a temperature of 8-10 C and cellulose (of natural origin) is added, after holding the oil at this temperature and subsequent filtration, the oil is transparent.

Deodorization - the removal of free fatty acids and aromatic substances by exposing sunflower oil to hot live steam at high temperatures under high vacuum conditions. During this process, odorous substances and free fatty acids, which characterize the quality of the oil, are removed. In addition, deodorization removes odorants that give the oil taste and smell, as well as pesticides.

Removal of the above, undesirable impurities leads to the possibility of increasing the shelf life of the oil. Having passed all the stages, vegetable oil becomes impersonal - without color, taste, smell. Margarine, mayonnaise, cooking oils are made from such a product, used for canning, as well as for frying.

After all the circles of purification hell, the oil ends up in these huge containers. Sorry for once again using the word "huge", but the scale of production is such that everything here is huge).
22

The oil will go to individual customers in a tank.
23

We learned about the process of oil production and purification, now let's go to the final stage - to the bottling shop.

Seeing this slogan, another sphere of human activity came to my mind, which I will not voice now. What associations do you have?
25

But before visiting the workshop, you must put on bathrobes, a hat, shoe covers and wash your hands. Almost all food industries have such rules.
26

Remember these rules.
27

The bottles into which the oil will be poured are made like all plastic bottles from such preforms. For bottles of different capacities, the preforms are different.
28

They are loaded into this container, it moves the preforms to the blow molding machine, which at the right temperature blows the bottle out of it.
29

It happens like this:
30

31

This is some simple magic.
32

And it gets into the next apparatus, where oil is poured. By the way, oil comes here through pipes from the same tanks of 500 and 800 cubic meters.
34

The bottle is screwed on with a cap and continues on its way.
35

36

At the next stage, the bottle is pasted over with a label.
37

38

Along the way, the devices detect incorrectly pasted bottles or those that do not meet the requirements - without a cap, etc. They are rejected.
39

40

I saw an interesting sign, what it means I do not know. Can someone tell me?
41

The bottles are then piled up so that the suction cup machine can fill the box in one go.
42

For transportation, they are folded in several rows and wrapped in polyethylene.
44

After that, electric cars place a pallet of boxes on a rack, waiting for the oil to travel to stores.
The plant's capacity allows processing 540,000 tons of raw materials and producing over 200 million bottles of sunflower oil per year.
45

Finally, I will clearly show all the stages of oil production in three pictures.
46

47

48

49

Now you know how sunflower oil is obtained. I hope you had the strength to read to the end)

If you have a production or service that you want to tell our readers about, write to [email protected] Lera Volkova ( [email protected] ) and Sasha Kuksa ( [email protected] ) and we will make the best report, which will be seen not only by readers of the community, but also by the site http://bigpicture.ru/ and http://ikaketosdelano.ru

Subscribe also to our groups in facebook, vkontakte,classmates and in google+plus, where the most interesting things from the community will be posted, plus materials that are not here and a video about how things work in our world.

Click on the icon and subscribe!

The business idea for the production of sunflower oil is based on the oil mill. From the position of investment among professionals, the idea has not lost its popularity, it is still in demand and profitable.

However, for many, the issue of income in this area is quite controversial, which is in vain. Let's take a closer look, so as not to rely on the opinions of the majority, but to base our own conclusions on specific figures and facts.

In this business, you can't get enough of butter alone. Profit from its implementation is hardly enough to reach the level of cost. But we must not forget about the additional products obtained from the oil mill, which bring a significant net profit.

The production of vegetable oil at home is limited by financial means. This type of business is attractive due to its flexibility of rapid development. You can start with a minimal production hall and then expand it with additional equipment for the production of by-products. Thus, the assortment is expanding, and profits are growing in progression. A full-fledged plant for the production of vegetable oil should be WASTE-FREE!

The minimum equipment of the line consists of the following equipment:

By and large, these two components are already quite enough to produce and sell 2 products: good sunflower oil and meal. By the way, oilseed meal is widely used for feeding animals and birds in agriculture. Therefore, it sells much faster than the main product. In addition, it is much more at the output of processed raw materials - 65%.

But if you plan to earn more, then you should think about expanding production. Additional technological equipment for the production of vegetable oils allows us to obtain several products at once from one oil mill:

Sunflower oil raw.
Fried sunflower oil.
Oil technical drying oil.
Top circles.
Shrot.
Fuze biochar.
Briquettes biofuel from husks.

The oil mill, even at home, can produce 7 types of products with the necessary equipment. It is worth paying attention to other business benefits.

Storage of vegetable oil in production does not require special conditions. A dry room, protected from sunlight, with an air temperature ranging from +5 to +15 degrees, can store unrefined products for 5 months.

You can use different raw materials for the production of vegetable oils. For example, seeds: sunflower, soybean, flax, pumpkin and many other oilseeds. This advantage also has a positive effect on expanding the range and increasing sales. It is possible to re-profile the business for other products without upgrading the line.

Technology for the production of vegetable oils by pressing

Technological scheme of production:

The technological line for the production of vegetable oil is equipped with:

Separator for coarse and fine cleaning of grain and seeds.
Shelling machine for sunflower seeds and other oilseeds.
Oil press twin screw extruder with oilseed heating elements up to +50C (for a quick start).
Filter for purification of vegetable oils from fuse (food).
Press for wringing out the fuse (fuzodavka).
Press for forming cake circles.
Press for briquetting sunflower husks and other seeds.
Auxiliary inventory, structures and devices: bunker; pneumatic loader; weight; buckets, shovels, etc.

We will conduct a simple training workshop on the technology of production of vegetable oils.

Waste-free production by cold pressing during pressing takes place in several successive stages:

Coarse cleaning of oilseeds (raw materials). From coarse impurities that can damage technological equipment (stones, wire, etc.).
Fine cleaning of raw materials. From small premiums that can affect product quality (dust, weed seeds, etc.).
Desquamation of the seed coat. This process is carried out immediately before cold pressing. In the non-waste production of vegetable oil, husks are used for biofuel, and kernels are used for oil and cake. The shell of oilseeds can be removed on various types of equipment in a different way: wiping the shell on a specially corrugated surface; shell splitting by impact; pressure compression.
Pressing kernels through a screw oil press in order to obtain oil and cake. At this stage, we get 2 semi-finished products.
Filtration. The process of filtering the crude product obtained only from the press takes place with the help of filters based on filter fabrics. For example - lavsan. Under air pressure, the liquid hits the surface of the fabric and passes through it, leaving a fuse on the surface.
Fuze extraction. The fuz itself obtained after filtering with lavsan contains 80% fat. It is rational to squeeze it out as well. The production of vegetable oils by pressing at this stage ends. Further by-products are produced.
Hot pressing of cake. Makukha is best pressed immediately upon exiting the oil press, while it has still retained its temperature from pressure.
Briquetting. In order to profitably and quickly sell the husk from seeds, it is necessary to produce a demanded product from them - biofuel. Naturally, this process will require special equipment.

As for the organization of labor in production on such a line, everything here depends on the loading of the workshop with raw materials for processing and the timing. If the load is minimal (for example, 1 ton per day), then even 1 worker is enough. Once the market for all types of goods produced at the oil mill is established, additional labor will be needed to meet deadlines with good production volumes.

Wastes from the production of vegetable oil and their use

A home churn for the production of sunflower oil pays off faster if all its advantages are used rationally. The relevance of waste management should not be underestimated.

At the exit from the oil press, we get unrefined vegetable oil and black in color. It should either be defended or filtered out in a special way from the fuse.

Foose are small particles of husk and cake with a high content of residues of the produced product, which remains after filtration. A fabric filter is considered to be the best method for removing fuse. You should not spare money on the filter, and then it will qualitatively clean the product and prepare it for presentation. When the oil is cleared, the collected fuse can be pressed through the fuzodavka. From it we can still get 20% bio-charcoal + 80% vegetable oil. The processed fuz is further turned into stone, which, in turn, is used as fuel for boilers.

Don't miss the fuzodavka operation, as negligent businessmen do! After all, some firms buy waste from vegetable oil production enterprises very cheaply in order to then squeeze out all the profit from them.

So, a business idea can become an almost waste-free process. You will receive not only a high-quality product, which will not fall in demand at any time of the year, but also a unique fuel and good cake.

Oil mill profitability

So, raw materials for manufacturing (sunflower seeds) cost about 500 dollars (about 480), if we talk about a ton. After the raw materials are processed, about 350 kg of sunflower oil can be obtained from this amount (yield 35%). One liter is easy to sell for one and a half dollars. Thus, for 350 kg, as a result, 525 dollars will come out. 525 - 480 = $45 profit. Of course, $45 per ton is not a big amount. But do not forget that during production, you can earn money on another product - on the top (meal).

Makukha, by the way, is no less a hot commodity than the oil itself. Upon receipt of 350 kg of the main product, the meal will be 650 kg. Most often, meal is bought in whole bags, and not per kilogram, so it will be sold much faster. Makukha is sold out at $0.4 per 1 kg. So, if you multiply 650 kg. by $0.4, the amount will be $260. Given these numbers, the business idea becomes much more interesting.

Attempts to withdraw their share, to squeeze out the entire business - this phenomenon takes place exactly as long as there are companies with several founders.

“Several times I started various types of business with partners, but each time it ended with the same thing: sooner or later conflicts began, attempts to take over the entire business entirely, and so on. I no longer take risks and run the business alone,” says individual entrepreneur Alexei Moroz.

However, if the phenomenon can be called eternal, today it has undergone significant transformations. First of all, it got worse. According to our estimates, the number of such cases has doubled. The head of the lawyer's office, Galina Belik, believes that the growth was even greater - "by several times". And what qualitative changes have taken place in intra-corporate wars? In this text, we will consider the changes that are typical primarily for small and medium-sized businesses, where there are their own methods of extraction.

Change 1. Business extraction has become more intelligent. According to what scheme did the seizure of the whole case by one of the partners take place before? I had to observe such cases when the co-owner of the business, using his connections, his "colleague" was locked in a pre-trial detention center and said: "Signature on the transfer of cases to me - freedom in return." Yes, it definitely exists now. But much less. Today, business is squeezed out either because of the negligence of one of the partners (did not document his share, took his word for it), that is, in principle, without violating the law. Thus, the owner of the Taleks mobile feed mill, Alexander Talatynnik, a Belarusian by nationality, was forced to invite his own employees as nominal partners in order to create an enterprise without Russian citizenship.

Sunflower oil production as a business

At the same time, having trusted them, he did not leave himself a controlling stake, dividing the shares into approximately equal ones. As a result, having taken out a loan and bought another truck, which was also a feed production station, he was faced with the fact that the partners appropriated the car. And at that time it was almost half the business! In doing so, they acted in principle legally. Their plan was ruined only by the fact that they refused to pay a loan for a car, and Talatynnik repaid it personally, thanks to which he managed to return the truck.

“But I return debts for interest on a loan from unscrupulous partners to this day,” says the entrepreneur.

Another option: partners cheat, but in a sophisticated way - they forge documents, etc. That is, forceful methods are used less often. “In my practice, there were several cases when, instead of the originals, the founders provided dubious copies of documents, and from them they managed to prove that part of the assets belonged to them, and not to the partner,” Galina Belik gives an example.

Change 2. Most partners want to withdraw their share due to the crisis. What if, until recently, partners basically wanted to take over the entire business, today the vast majority of cases are when one of the partners wants to withdraw his share. But this can lead to the complete collapse of the company. In connection with the crisis, many urgently need money - for personal affairs, other projects, or they are simply afraid that they will have to bear losses and are not ready for this. Therefore, they are trying not to take over the business, but, on the contrary, to withdraw assets. But sometimes it is simply impossible to do this - the enterprise will cease to function. Or a conflict begins over where exactly his share ends. After all, if you leave - what does it matter to your former co-founder, for many it is important to take more with you.

Sunflower oil production technology

Description of the stages of the production of vegetable oil.

Very often the question arises - how does unrefined cold-pressed oil differ from the refined oil familiar to many, which is sold on store shelves. In order to answer this question, Let us consider in detail the production process and its varieties.

Seed processing. The quality of sunflower oil depends on the quality of sunflower seeds supplied for processing, the terms and conditions of storage of seeds before pressing. The main quality characteristics for sunflower seeds are oil content, humidity, ripening period. The oil content depends on the sunflower variety and how warm and sunny the summer turned out to be. The higher the oil content of the seeds, the greater the oil yield. The optimal percentage of moisture content of sunflower seeds supplied for processing is 6%. Seeds that are too wet will store poorly and be heavier. The ripening period in our climatic conditions is a very important factor that indirectly affects the price of sunflower oil. The peak of production and supply of finished vegetable oil is October - December. And the peak of demand is the end of summer - the beginning of autumn. Accordingly, the earlier raw materials are received, the faster the finished product will reach the consumer. In addition, the seeds must be well cleaned, the content of debris should not exceed 1%, and broken grain - 3%. Before processing, additional cleaning, drying, caving (destruction) of the seed peel and separating it from the kernel are carried out. Then the seeds are crushed, mint or pulp is obtained.

Extraction (production) of sunflower oil. Vegetable oil from the mint of sunflower seeds is obtained by 2 methods - pressing or extraction. Oil extraction is a more environmentally friendly way. Although the oil yield, of course, is much less and does not exceed 30%. As a rule, before pressing, the mint is heated at 100-110 ° C in braziers, while mixing and moistening. Then the roasted mint is squeezed out in screw presses. The completeness of the extraction of vegetable oil depends on the pressure, viscosity and density of the oil, the thickness of the mint layer, the duration of the extraction and other factors. The characteristic taste of oil after hot pressing is reminiscent of roasted sunflower seeds. Oils obtained by hot pressing are more intensely colored and flavored due to the breakdown products that form during heating. Cold-pressed sunflower oil is obtained from mint without heating. The advantage of this oil is the preservation of most of the useful substances in it: antioxidants, vitamins, lecithin. The negative point is that such a product cannot be stored for a long time, it quickly becomes cloudy and rancid. The cake remaining after pressing the oil can be subjected to extraction or used in animal husbandry. Sunflower oil obtained by pressing is called because after pressing it is only settled and filtered. Such a product has high taste and nutritional properties.

Extraction of sunflower oil. The production of sunflower oil by extraction involves the use of organic solvents (most often extraction gasolines) and is carried out in special apparatus - extractors. In the course of extraction, a miscella is obtained - a solution of oil in a solvent and a fat-free solid residue - meal. The solvent is distilled off from miscella and meal in distillers and screw evaporators. The finished oil is settled, filtered and further processed. The extraction method for extracting oils is more economical, as it allows the maximum extraction of fat from raw materials - up to 99%.

Refining of sunflower oil. Refined oil has practically no color, taste, smell.

Sunflower oil production: technology and equipment

This oil is also called impersonal. Its nutritional value is determined only by the minimal presence of essential fatty acids (mainly linoleic and linolenic), which are also called vitamin F. This vitamin is responsible for the synthesis of hormones, maintaining immunity. It gives stability and elasticity to blood vessels, reduces the body's sensitivity to the action of ultraviolet rays and radioactive radiation, regulates the contraction of smooth muscles, and performs many other vital functions. In the production of vegetable oil, there are several stages of refining.

First stage of refining. Getting rid of mechanical impurities - settling, filtration and centrifugation, after which the vegetable oil goes on sale as commercial unrefined.

The second stage of refining. Removal of phosphatides or hydration - treatment with a small amount of hot - up to 70 ° C water. As a result, proteinaceous and mucous substances, which can lead to rapid spoilage of the oil, swell, precipitate and are removed. Neutralization is the effect on the heated oil of the base (alkali). This step removes free fatty acids, which catalyze oxidation and cause smoke when frying. Heavy metals and pesticides are also removed at the neutralization stage. Unrefined oil has a slightly lower biological value than raw oil, since hydration removes part of the phosphatides, but it can be stored longer. Such processing makes the vegetable oil transparent, after which it is called commercial hydrated.

The third stage of refining. Excretion of free fatty acids. With an excess content of these acids, vegetable oil has an unpleasant taste. The vegetable oil that has passed these three stages is called already refined non-deodorized.

Fourth stage of refinement. Bleaching is the treatment of oil with adsorbents of organic origin (most often special clays) that absorb coloring components, after which the fat is clarified. Pigments pass into the oil from the seeds and also threaten to oxidize the finished product. After bleaching, there are no pigments left in the oil, including carotenoids, and it becomes light straw.

Fifth stage of refinement. Deodorization is the removal of aromatic substances by exposing sunflower oil to hot dry steam at a temperature of 170-230°C under vacuum conditions. During this process, odorous substances that lead to oxidation are destroyed. Removal of the above, undesirable impurities leads to the possibility of increasing the shelf life of the oil.

The sixth stage of refinement. Freezing is the removal of waxes. All seeds are covered with wax, this is a kind of protection from natural factors. Waxes make the oil cloudy, especially when sold on the street during the cold season, and thereby spoil its presentation. During the freezing process, the oil turns colorless. After going through all the stages, vegetable oil becomes impersonal. Margarine, mayonnaise, cooking oils are made from such a product, and are used in canning. Therefore, it should not have a specific taste or smell, so as not to disturb the overall taste of the product.

Sunflower oil hits the shelves as the following products: Refined, non-deodorized oil - outwardly transparent, but with a characteristic smell and color. Refined deodorized oil - transparent, light yellow, odorless and tasteless seeds. Unrefined oil is darker than bleached, may have sediment or suspended matter, but nevertheless it has been filtered and, of course, retained the smell that we all know from childhood.

Vegetable oil production equipment

The minimum list of equipment for the production of sunflower oil:

1. Sieve separator - 255,000 rubles;
2. Centrifugal peeler - 291,000 rubles;
3. Brazier - 149,000 rubles;
4. Maslopress - 339,000 rubles;
5. Filter press - 199,000 rubles.

We provide the following services:

Departure of our specialist to the place of production to inspect the premises, make recommendations.
Sunflower oil production

When concluding a contract for the supply of equipment, subsequent visits of a specialist are carried out free of charge;
Installation of equipment and its adjustment;
Training course for personnel to work on this equipment.

The conveyor line for the production of this product provides for the availability of technical elements necessary to ensure all stages of the technological process, from seed cleaning to bottling and packaging of finished products. The production capacity is enough to open your own oil mill and confidently occupy your niche in this business. If necessary, the equipment will be adjusted according to individual requirements and will be maintained in the future.

Capital investments 11 685 104 rubles
Average monthly revenue 5 879 556 rubles
Net profit RUB 455,225
Payback 26 months.

1. Production technology

The production process for the manufacture of refined sunflower oil consists of the following steps:

Spin;
refining process;
Packaging and labeling of finished products.

1.1. Oil extraction

Before pressing, the raw materials are heated in braziers at a temperature of 100-110 ° C, while mixing and moistening. Next, the raw material is pressed in presses. The completeness of extraction of vegetable oil depends on pressure, viscosity and density.

After sunflower pressing, cake and husks remain, which can be further processed or used in animal husbandry. So from one ton of sunflower seeds with an oil content of 44.7%, you can get the following products:

1.2. Refining process

First stage:

Getting rid of mechanical impurities (settlement, filtration and centrifugation), after which vegetable oil goes on sale as commercial unrefined,

Second stage:

Oil treatment with hot water (65-70 °C). This is done to remove phosphatides or hydration. After processing, the vegetable oil becomes transparent.

Third stage:

Excretion of free fatty acids. With an excess content of such acids, vegetable oil has an unpleasant taste. The vegetable oil that has passed these three stages is called already refined non-deodorized.

Fourth stage:

Deodorization (Whitening). After this process, no pigments remain in the oil, including carotenoids, and it becomes light straw. removes volatile compounds, deodorizes vegetable oil and turns it into a refined deodorized oil.

Fifth stage:

Freezing, with its help, waxes are removed, after which a colorless, viscous vegetable oil is obtained

2. Required equipment

After analyzing the offers on the Internet for the sale of equipment/lines for the production of refined sunflower oil, we came to the following conclusions:

If you plan to produce more than 30 tons of products per day, then it is optimal to purchase an oil plant, in addition to the pressing line, a refining line will be included in its kit, the disadvantage of such plants is the high cost (prices start at 1.5 million euros without installation),
If you plan to produce 5-10 tons of products per day, then it is optimal to buy equipment separately (pressing, refining, packaging)

Our business plan considers the organization of sunflower oil production with a capacity of 5-10 tons of products per day, so all equipment will be purchased separately.

2.1. Press line

When analyzing the proposals, the most attractive in terms of price / performance / quality ratio seemed to us the equipment of the company Penzmash OJSC. This company manufactures to order lines for the production of vegetable oil LM-1.

Specifications

Productivity for sunflower seeds, t/day: 10 - 12
Oil yield, %, at oil content

sunflower seeds 48-50%: 40-42
flax seeds 42-45%: 3-38
rapeseed 40-42%: 33-35

Installed power, kW: 60

Nominal parameters of the supply network: voltage, V: 380, Current frequency, Hz: 50, Number of phases: 3

Occupied area, no more than, m2: 55

Weight, kg: 6200

5 people per shift are required to service the plant.

The cost is 1,931,040 rubles including VAT.

With an oil capacity of up to 5-10 tons per day, the LSX-5000 cleaning and refining line is optimal (China), productivity up to 5 tons per day.

The LSX-5000 line implements the principle of batch refining, which is fully consistent with the classical technology of this process for industrial variants of such equipment.

The equipment is supplied with a high degree of installation readiness, equipped with a heat and electrical control panel; for commissioning, it is only necessary to provide a supply of tap water, electricity, and fuel (coal or wood, or gas or diesel fuel), caustic soda, phosphoric acid and bleaching agent (clay or activated carbon).

Specifications of the LSX-5000 Press Line

Packet (discontinuous) type lines.
Simple thoughtful design and layout.
Includes heating unit and control panel.
The equipment is not intended for refining highly rancid oils with a peroxide value greater than 10 meq/kg.
Ease of installation work, no special requirements for the premises and foundation, the equipment can be installed both indoors and outdoors.

* It is also possible to use gas or diesel fuel as a heat carrier

2.3. Packing line

For bottling of finished products into bottles, the equipment manufactured by Prodvizhenie LLC is optimally suited. This company produces an automatic line for bottling oil into PET bottles with a capacity of 0.25-2.0 liters, with a capacity of 2700 bottles / hour (1.0l). The cost is 2,132,000 rubles.

Number of staff: 2 people per shift.

3. Feasibility study of the project

3.1. Equipment costs

3.2. Equipment delivery and installation costs

3.3. Working capital (raw materials, monthly expenses, etc.)

Naming of expenditures
Working capital (purchase of raw materials, monthly payroll, other)
TOTAL CAP EXPENSES

Total capital investments amount to 11,685,104 rubles.

3.4. Required premises

To place the spinning line, a production facility with an area of 55 sq.m. is required. (ceiling height 3.5 meters)
To accommodate the refining line, a room of 100 sq.m. is required.
60 sq.m. is required to accommodate a product packaging line.
Warehouses for storing raw materials and finished products are also needed: 200 sq.m. and administrative premises for staff 25 sq. m.

Total required

not less than 215 sq.m. for the organization of production
not less than 200 sq.m. for warehouses
at least 25 sq.m of administrative and amenity premises.

The workshop premises should be equipped with 380 watts, a water supply system should be connected, and there should be a convenient truck access to the workshop for the delivery of raw materials and the shipment of finished products.

3.5. Staff

25 workers will be required to service the production

Job title	amount
Director
Art. Technologist
Technologist
Storekeeper

Direct pressing workshop

Refinery shop

Packaging department

Comments

The direct pressing shop and the refining shop are open around the clock (shift 8 hours)
1 foreman works in a shift, 3 workers in the pressing shop and 2 workers in the refining shop.
Technologists, storekeepers, as well as workers of the packaging department work in one shift.
The director deals with the purchase of raw materials, the sale of finished products
3.6. Taxation

Since most potential buyers work with VAT, the most acceptable form for an oil production workshop is 3 personal income tax, form of activity: Individual entrepreneur.

3.7. Pricing

According to the data of the Internet, the prices for products are as follows:

3.8. Revenue calculation

As a result of processing sunflower seeds, the following products are produced:

Sunflower oil refining - used in the food industry.

Cake, husk is used in animal husbandry

3.9. Cost price:

For the manufacture of 5 tons of products, it is necessary to process 11.8 tons of sunflower seeds. Also included in the cost of production are the costs of electricity, coal, water, soda, bleaching agent and packaging costs.

Coal, water, soda bleaching agent is the raw material for oil refining and refining line.

4. Feasibility study

Input data

Productivity: 5 tons per day.
Capital investments: rubles: 11,685,104 rubles
Room area: 440 sq.m. (rent 100,000 rubles per month)
Number of shifts per month: 30
Number of staff: 25 people.

4.1. General expenses, per month

4.2. Profitability calculation

4.3. Payback calculation

To calculate the payback point of a sunflower oil workshop, you can use our online break-even point service.

Addition

If you need a detailed business plan with detailed calculations and market analysis of a particular region, you can order its development for your specific project, taking into account its individual characteristics. for detailed information from the site partner Moneymaker Factory of the consulting agency "MegaResearch". You can also purchase.