God miter image. Mithra cult. Mentions of Mithras as a sun god

Zoroastrianism, the first monotheistic religion, became the basis for cults in which the spiritual entities revered by adherents of Zoroastrianism were recognized as deities. And one of the most famous and widespread religions formed from the beliefs of Zoroastrianism is Mithraism - a religious doctrine based on the worship of the deity Myrta, the son of God and Earth, the patron of the Sun and fire. The beginning of the history of the development of the cult of Mithras is considered to be the fourth century BC, since at that time in the Kushanara kingdom (the territory of modern Central Asia and Northern India) Mithraism became one of the most widespread religions along with Buddhism.

The spread of Mithraism in the ancient world was not limited to the territory of Asia, and at the end of the last era this religion was known in almost most of the territory of Eurasia. Initially, this belief originated in Northern India, when some adherents of Zoroastrianism began to single out the son and closest assistant of the god Ahura Mazda Mithra and worship him, but then the cult of Mithra spread to Greece, Armenia and some other peoples. Mithraism was especially popular among the legionnaires of the Roman Empire; most Roman soldiers in the period from the 2nd century BC. to the 1st century AD They revered Mithras as their main god.

The cult of Mithra in different nations of the world

There is a mention of the god Mithras in two - in the Avesta, the sacred book of the Iranians, and in the Vedas, the sacred scripture of the Aryans - the people of ancient India. The peoples of ancient India considered Mithras to be the sun god who rules the world in daylight; this deity was the main assistant to one of the supreme gods of the Indians - Varuna. Only a few Ridveda hymns are dedicated to Mithra as a separate deity, but the name of this god is very often mentioned in the Vedas next to the name of Varuna, the god of the night. In the process of the development of the religion of ancient India, Mithra began to be considered the deity of morality, truthfulness and justice, but the Vedic tradition of offering gifts of exclusively light flowers to Mithra was preserved until the very period of the extinction of the cult of Mithra in India.

In Iran, the birthplace of Zoroastrianism, the cult of Mithra gained popularity in the third century BC, when Iranians began to revere Mithra (Mithras) as the sun god. As in India, in Iran Mithras soon began to be worshiped not as a deity of sunlight, but as the patron of treaties, virtue, friendship and harmony. In honor of Mithra, the ancient Iranians celebrated Mithra's name day - Mehregan, which is celebrated on the 196th day of the calendar year. Despite the spread of Islam in Iran, Iranians still celebrate Mehregan in our time, and this holiday is celebrated on a special scale.

In ancient Armenia, the god Mithra was revered no less than in India and Iraq, and evidence of this is the fact that in the village of Garni the ancient temple of the Sun, built two thousand years ago, is still preserved. In this temple, the Armenians brought gifts to Mithra, and on holidays, the priests of this deity performed rituals in this cult building aimed at enlisting the support of Mithra. The priests of the cult of Mithras in ancient Armenia had great influence in society, and members of the formerly influential Armenian noble family of Mekhnuni (the founders of this family were the priests of Mithra) honored and passed on from generation to generation family legends, according to which the Mekhnuri clan was founded by Mithra himself when he lived on earth in human form.

The essence and main dogmas of the cult of Mithra

The beliefs of Mithraism are essentially similar to Zoroastrianism, since adherents of these two religions are required to observe the same moral standards. Followers of the cult of Mithra are free to choose between good and evil, but those who choose evil will be deprived of the protection and mercy of the deity, and those who decide to do good must pass. The model of such moral improvement, according to adherents of Mithraism, has five steps:

1. The first stage is the stage " warrior "who entered into the fight against evil in his soul

2. Second stage - stage " lion ", fighting evil and able to discern the insidiousness of evil plans

3. The third stage is the "stage" crow "who wins the fight and feels the end of the evil principle

4. The fourth stage is the "stage" steel and gold ", experienced fighters against evil, who not only learned to overcome everything bad, but also help other people take the path of doing good

5. Fifth stage - stage god and it was reached by the victorious Mithras, who defeated evil.

The basis of the beliefs of Mithraism is not only the worship of Mithras and the desire for good deeds, but also the internal improvement of man. Adherents of the cult of Mithras were confident that evil thoughts in themselves are already a sin, but a person who decides to take the path of good cannot by nature have evil thoughts, and therefore their source is evil spirits. To protect the consciousness of believers from the influence of evil spirits, all adherents of the cult undergo a kind of baptism ritual . This ritual consisted of smearing the hands and tongue of a new believer with honey, in order to thus protect the believer from the penetration of evil thoughts into the consciousness and protect his hands from the desire to do something displeasing to God, and his tongue from uttering evil words.

In ancient India and Iran, everyone sixteenth day of the month was considered the day of Mithra. On this holiday, all believers had to sing hymns to the Sun and dance ritual dances, and even members of the royal families were not exempt from the obligation to publicly perform the cult dance. After dancing and singing hymns, magnificent celebrations were held in honor of Mithras, and these festivities lasted until nightfall. On ordinary days, all believers had to say a prayer to Mithras at least several times, thanking him for his mercy and praising his kindness and power, and they could pray only in the first half of the day, and in the afternoon neither ordinary believers nor priests had the right " disturb" the deity with your prayers.

Mithraism and Christianity

Many religious scholars and historians note the presence of some similarities between the cult of Mithra and Christianity, and there is a natural reason for this - both of these religions arose around the same period. Both Mithraism and Christianity operate with such concepts as good, evil and sin, and both beliefs are based on the fact that everyone should take the path of good and come to God. The presence of baptismal rituals, ordination to the clergy, the ritual of prayer and the tradition of calling fellow believers brothers are some of the most obvious common features of the two religions.

However, more than some rituals and dogmas, the religious myths of these religions indicate the similarity between Christianity and Mithraism. Both Mithra and Jesus Christ were initially considered the main assistants of the one god (Jesus is the son of God, Mithra is the right hand of Varuna), and both of them were on earth for a certain amount of time, and then, having performed many miracles and showing people the way to God and light, went back to the spiritual world. Adherents of Mithraism consider December 25 to be the date of birth of Mithras, and the Catholic Nativity of Christ falls on the same date.

Mithra is the deity of treaties, truth and friendship. Mentions of it appear in the mythology of various peoples of the East: from the ancient Iranians to the Romans. Ancient authors wrote about him as a god who was able to bless his devoted followers and punish the wicked, criminals and liars.

What is known about the ancient Eastern deity?

Mithra is an Indo-Iranian deity that people associated with concepts of friendship, peace and harmony. In myths, Mithra was something clear, close in shape to the sun. He rode across the sky in a golden (fiery) chariot and gave grace to people every day. The deity had a thousand eyes and ears and was distinguished by intelligence and courage. In addition, according to some beliefs, this god could call on rains and make the lands fertile.

As a god, Mithra was held in high esteem by various ancient peoples. He was worshiped by many, sung in songs and mentioned in scriptures. For example, among the Indo-Aryans, Mithra was one of the main Vedic deities. For supporters of Zoroastrianism, this is one of the good gods who monitors the order established by Ahuramazda. In Mithraism, Mithra is the only and main god on earth.

Mentions of Mithras as a sun god

In one of the ancient legends there is mention that Mithra is a deity who was the very embodiment of the sun. Mithra was closely associated with Ahuramazda (the Avestan deity, the creator of all things on earth) and Angra Mainyu (the god of darkness, the source of evil in Mazdaism). The ancient peoples believed in such a connection because, in their opinion, God constantly appeared from the light and went into darkness.

During the constant transition from light to darkness, Mithra was accompanied by the gods Rashna and Sraosha. The Yazatas (Zoroastrians worthy of veneration) also believed that Rashnu and Sraosha were the brothers of Mithra, and they made their way through the sky on a chariot shrouded in flames. Some said that Mithra and his brothers did not drive the chariot. For this purpose there was the goddess of fortune Asha, who also traveled with Mithra and his brothers.

Mithra - guardian of order

In the collections of sacred texts of the Zoroastrians one can also find references to the fact that Mithra is not only the sun, but also the keeper of law and order. Ancient peoples believed that this god hears everyone, sees through liars, and no mortal person can deceive him. For example, the Mihr-yasht (hymn to Mithras) says that people who do evil cannot hide from the wrath of the deity and his swift chariot. Without hesitation, he destroys his opponents so that peace can reign in the world again.

Mithra - god of war

Among other things, Mithra is the god of war who fought on the side of those who revered him. Together with such gods as Aryaman (god of friendship), Arshtat (deity of honor), Hamvarati (goddess of valor) and Hwarana, he blessed righteous warriors and severely punished heretics and apostates.

In the sacred book of Zoroastrianism, the Avesta, Mithra was always next to Verethragna, the god of victory, in order to finally rid the world of the unrighteous and people who had taken the path of evil. The previously mentioned Mihr-yasht also says that Verethragna, turning into a wild boar, runs to the battlefield near Mithras.

Religious cult of Mithra

In addition to the ancient Eastern deity, there is another meaning of the word Mithra. For example, among the Romans in the 1st-4th centuries AD. e. Rumors were spread about a mystical religious cult, which was called nothing less than the Mysteries of Mithras.

The adherents of the cult gathered in underground sacred places dedicated to the deity Mithra, born from a rock, who sacrificed a bull, and performed various rituals. Only a select few who went through a complex initiation procedure could get into such a religious cult.

The Mysteries of Mithras were especially popular in the border areas of the Roman Empire, among desperate soldiers of the army. Information about this has been preserved to this day in the form of many relevant monuments and other attractions.

Origin and end of Mithraism

Many specialists in the field of mythology still cannot give a final answer to the question of what Mithra is and how the Mysteries of Mithra appeared. Some mythologists suggest that the cult arose at the beginning of the 1st century AD. e. Other experts have assumptions about the middle of the 1st and beginning of the 2nd century BC. e. Basically, such opinions are based on the writings of the ancient Greek historian and philosopher Plutarch, who said that the sea robbers who operated in the Mediterranean Sea from the 2nd century BC. e. and up to 67-66 BC. e., worshiped a deity of Indo-Iranian origin. But many archaeologists refute such assumptions, since underground sacred places where the deity Mithra was worshiped arose only at the end of the 1st century AD. e.

Just as there is no consensus on the origin of the cult of Mithra, scientists cannot say exactly when it ceased to exist. Some experts believe that at the beginning of the 4th century the cult no longer existed. Others insist that the Mysteries of Mithra ceased to exist with the advent of Christianity.

What religion did our Vedic ancestors profess? The most ancient Faith of the Aryan-Scythians was the worship of the Solar Mithra. This faith penetrated from the Southern Urals to Persia and India.

Mithra is one of the most ancient deities of the Indo-Iranian Aryan pantheon. The cult of Mithra had a huge influence on the spiritual evolution of many peoples of the Indo-European group. Echoes of the proud name of the once formidable deity are still heard in various languages, and the moral and ethical principles underlying Mithraism are to this day the fundamental principles of the structure of human society.

ARYAN MITER

Modern science determines the time of origin of the cult of Mithra as 2-3 millennium BC, long before the emergence of all Abrahamic religions!

The name of this deity became sacred even before the division of the Indo-Iranian community into two branches of Aryans - Hindusand Iranians.

In the two most ancient religious monuments of the Indo-Europeans - in the Iranian Avesta and Indian Rig Veda, entire hymns are dedicated to Mithra, in which he is glorified justice, military spirit, “omniscience” and fearlessness.(Initially among the Aryans, before the exodus to Persia and India, Mithra was a female deity, similar to the Russian Mother of God, carrying the Sunlight within her)

According to the Avesta, the main function of Mithra is to unite people, to create a stable social structure, the internal relations of which are subject to a strict order established by reason.

Honesty, truthfulness, fidelity to one's word - those moral criteria that evaluate the strength of relationships in the family, community, state and other associations of people, first received religious and ethical understanding in the cult of the all-seeing Mithras - the deity of justice and law, closely observing all forms of social relationships .

The circumstance regulating human relations has always been a contract. Man became human only when he was able to find mutual understanding with his own kind. In this sense, Mithra, whose name is translated from the Avestan language as “agreement”, and from Sanskrit as “friend” (i.e., the second party to the agreement), is a deity of social, one might even say, state importance. The Persian kings swore by the name of Mithra, and the Roman emperors revered him as the “guardian of the empire.”

The cult of Mithras became widespread throughout the Roman state during the empire, and at some point could even develop into a world religion. Ex Oriente lux (“light from the East”), the Romans said, and this phrase is quite applicable to the Eastern cult of the solar god Mithras that they adopted.

The religion of Mithras reached its highest rise in the Roman Empire in the 3rd-4th centuries, but the homeland of this radiant deity is far from the most extreme limits of the Roman state. ( Mithras was replaced in the Roman Empire by the lunar cult of Christianity-Paulianism).

The roots of Mithraism are lost in the depths of the history of the Indo-European community, and the geography of its origin and The spread of this cult corresponds to the geography of settlement of the Aryan peoples.

The birthplace of Mithra is the same country that the Hindus called Arya Varta, and the Iranians called Aryan Vaeja, which in both cases means “Aryan space”. (haplotype R1a1)

The Indo-Europeans revered him as the protector of the righteous and the guardian god of countries, " where is Mithra worshiped?", it was believed that the tranquility of state borders, and therefore the possibility of prosperity and peaceful life, depended on him. According to the Avestan tradition, Mithra, fully armed, flies around the Aryan expanses on his golden chariot and monitors the maintenance of peace and compliance with the treaty.

Maintaining peace between tribes and peoples can only be based on trust and loyalty to the treaty concluded between the elders or chiefs. The holiness of the word given by man was valued above all else by ancient legislators. (Reminiscent of the best Russian qualities?)

The Aryans recognized two types of obligations - an oath and a contract. Mitra and Varuna were considered the heavenly patrons of the Law. Varuna was the deity of oath, the utterance of his name sealed the commitment made by a person and made him responsible not only to people, but also to the deity taken as a witness. The name Varuna goes back to the Indo-European root “ver” (“connection”), hence the Russian words "faith", "loyalty". The name of Mithras, who, as already mentioned, was the deity of the contract, comes from the Indo-European root “mei”, which means “to change”, “to negotiate”, “to give”. Obviously, the Russian word “Peace” also goes back to the name “Mithra”, which clearly reveals very ancient ideas about the peacemaking and contractual functions of this deity.

The Rig Veda emphasizes that merciful Mithra peace-loving, friendly towards people, he brings wealth, grants protection and his patronage to those who turn to him with prayers. The ancient Hindus saw in the image of this deity a kind of heavenly reconciliator, one who is able to establish peace, unite disunited people into a single whole and strengthen their relationships with an agreement. This agreement had a direct correspondence with the universal cosmic law of Rta (analogous to the Persian Arta), being the embodiment of universal Truth. It is no coincidence that Mithras was called the Lord of Truth, since it was he, in the ideas of the ancient Indians, who was the force that ordered Chaos and established a single cosmic law for the entire universe - Truth.

Everything that is in this world - the movement of the sun, the blowing of winds and the flow of water, the life of people and animals, the growth of plants - everything is regulated through Truths(Mouth). The Truth of the Mouth was established by Aditya Mitra and Varuna, whose responsibilities include maintaining world order. They monitor people’s actions and control their compliance with the Truth; they reward respectable people who are true to their word with good health and a happy life, while they severely punish liars and treaty breakers.

But only villains and oathbreakers can fear God's wrath - for other people Mithra poses no threat. In the understanding of the Hindus, Mithra is one of the most favorable celestial beings towards man, and it is no coincidence that the name Mithra, translated from ancient Indian, means “Friend”. Speaking about this, it is impossible to ignore the etymology of the Russian word “Friend”, the very sound of which contains something opposite to the concept of friendship. Turning to the Avestan language, no less ancient than Sanskrit, sheds light on this problem.

In the Avesta, “Friend” or “Druj” means “lie” and is the name of one of the most terrible tempting demons. “Drugvant” or “druzhban” is translated from the Avestan language as “adherent of evil”, “deceiver”, “liar”. In Russian, which also belongs to the group of Indo-European languages, the word “friend” was initially understood in the same context as in Avestan, it meant “other”, “other”, “alien”.

Over time, a substitution of the semantic content of this word occurred and now, when we say “Friend,” we, without knowing it, pronounce the name of the demon of lies, deceit and deception, while the ancient Hindus, when saying the word “friend,” pronounced the name of Mithras. Such an inversion can hardly be considered accidental. The oblivion of the religion of Mithras, the god of honor, fidelity and justice, led to the fact that the spirit of meanness, deceit and lies penetrated into relations between people.

In contrast to Lie or “Friend” in the Avesta stands “Asha” (Persian Arta) - truth, truth, justice. Asha embodies the law of cosmic order, harmony, the maintenance of which on the earthly level is served by Mitra - the “agreement”, which is the highest form of mutual understanding and trust between people.

In Mihr-Yasht, the Creator God Ahura Mazda says this to the prophet Zarathushtra:

"The wicked who are deceitful in relation to the treaty lead to the destruction of the entire country... Never break the treaty, O you of the family of the Spitams, regardless of whether you made it with the bearers of lies or the followers of the true faith who possess the truth, for the contract is valid both against the bearers of lies and against the bearers of truth" .

*(Let’s remember how our President Putin conducts business)

The hymn to Mithra, which is one of the largest yashts in the Avesta, says that Mithra monitors compliance with agreements with a thousand ears and ten thousand eyes. But Mithras doesn’t just keep watch—he brutally punishes those who violate the treaty. It was this circumstance that the ancient Persians had in mind, who, according to Herodotus, had the custom of calling the great Mithras as a witness when concluding a treaty.

In the minds of Zoroastrians, Mithra punishes liars and perjurers with sword and fire. Fire ordeals, a method of resolving disputes unique in the grandeur of their design, could only arise in the minds of courageous fire worshipers. Finding out the truth in ancient Iran happened approximately as follows: between two lit logs of firewood, a “fiery” corridor was set up, through which the participant in the dispute had to pass in order to prove his own rightness. If he remained alive, it was believed that Mithra accepted his prayers, and by saving the subject’s life, thereby testifying that he was right. Ferdowsi's epic "Shahname" tells in detail about a similar passage of fiery ordeals by the hero Siyavush.

History has brought to us information about an equally serious test of honesty by pouring molten metal onto the chest of a person undergoing an ordeal. The famous Zoroastrian high priests Kirder, Adurbad and Ardaviraz passed through a similar “crucible”. The first - in order to expose the false prophet Mani, the second - in order to prove the truth of the Zoroastrian faith in a dispute with Christian apologists, the third - in order to prove his purity, before plunging into a mystical trance, in which the laws of heaven were revealed to him and hell. The great high priests, calling Mithras as a witness, passed with honor the test of molten copper, the melting point of which is 1000 ° C. According to Zoroastrian eschatology, a river of molten metal awaits every person at the end of time. In this river, humanity will be cleansed of its sins, but for the righteous it will seem like fresh milk, and they will pass through it without any pain. Those who passed through the fiery ordeals during life, having been purified, will step after death onto the Chinvat Bridge freed from sins, and Mithras, whose duties also include posthumous judgment over the souls of the departed, will open the gates of the Kingdom of Heaven for them.

Mithra - God the Judge. He, looking at us from the heights of the sky, judges people both during life and after its end. Fire worshipers saw him as the one who weighs the good and evil deeds committed by a person during life, and pronounces a verdict in a posthumous trial, in which Rashnu and Sraosha - Zoroastrian deities who serve as prosecutor and lawyer, respectively, also take part.

The Avesta emphasizes the sacred mission of Mithras, who is able to distinguish between Good and Evil. In a certain sense, it defines a certain moral boundary, by crossing which a person becomes a servant of lies and thereby incurs the wrath of Mithras. Mithra is conscience. The presence or absence of conscience is for Zoroastrians the criterion by which they judge people.

Mithra defines not only moral and ethical boundaries, his functions also include maintaining calm on territorial state borders. In various disputes regarding borders, Mithras played a conciliatory role, which was the basis for the appearance of such an interesting epithet of Mithras as " line (border) straightener". The social and state aspect of the activity of this Indo-European deity is obvious. He protects the country from strife and misfortune if the treaty is observed and Mithra is revered. He also destroys countries in which the laws of human morality are violated and severely punishes people who violate the treaty.

*(How we need such a law now in the modern world!)

Mithra has every reason to perform such functions, since he is entrusted by the Creator of the world, Ahura Mazda, to monitor the righteousness of human actions. In "Mihr-Yasht" Ahura Mazda tells Zarathushtra that Mithra should be revered on an equal basis with the Creator himself and no less honor should be given to him. This part of “Mihr-Yasht” is obviously the most ancient and representatives of modern science see pre-Zoroastrian elements in it.

The strength of the folk tradition is extremely great, and this circumstance was the reason that the cult of Mithra began to gradually revive, and sacrifices to Mithra, as a solar Deity (his solar function will be discussed below), found their place in the Zoroastrian ritual. Echoes of ancient sacrifices in honor of Mithra are still read today in the traditions of various Aryan peoples, in particular among the Slavs, who in winter, during the solstice (the Nativity of Mithras), thereby celebrate Kolyada.

The word "Carols" goes back to the Latin word "Calendae", from which, by the way, the word "calendar" itself comes. Translated from Latin, this concept means “day of payment of debts.” The winter solstice, as a turning point in the annual movement of the Sun, was taken in the Roman Empire as the beginning of the new year. Paying debts at the end of the outgoing year symbolized getting rid of addiction, liberation from a heavy burden that cannot be taken with you into the coming year. Mithras, as the deity of justice and fidelity to one's word, in the ideas of the ancients had a direct connection with the payment of debts and the fulfillment of undertaken obligations. The pronunciation of the name of this god, called as a witness to the concluded agreement, in the understanding of the ancient Persians, was enough to ensure its legality and legal capacity, since Mithra - the heavenly guardian of the earthly Law - strictly punishes people who try to free themselves from debt obligations with the help of lies and deception.

The Romans, who adopted (in their own understanding) the cult of Mithras from the Persians, timed the beginning of the new year - the day of paying debts and fulfilling vows - to coincide with the winter solstice - the time of the annual celebration of the birth of the Sun and Mithras. Two-faced Janus - the Roman deity of time, who opens the doors to the Sun in the New Year with the month of Januarius, during late antiquity, which was characterized by religious syncretism, was associated with the Mithraic god of time Zervan-Chronos-Aion. Images of planetary deities - patrons of the zodiac signs and their corresponding calendar months - can often be found on examples of Mithraic iconography.
SOLAR NATURE OF MITHRA

The solar nature of the Persian Mithra is now beyond doubt. Evidence of this is a sufficient number of ancient sources. The Parthian word Mihr, which was later borrowed by the New Persian language, means nothing more than “Sun”. But in the early Avestan tradition, the motif of the connection between Mithras and the daylight is not dominant, although certain epithets of Mithras, in particular, such as “shining,” brilliant, full of its own light,” directly speak of the solar nature of this deity.

Over time, the original image of Mithras was transformed, and by the time of the collapse of the Persian Empire of the Achaemenid dynasty (especially in Bactria and Sogdiana - its eastern regions), he was already perceived purely as a solar god, having absorbed all contractual and legal functions.

During late antiquity, which was so characterized by a symbiosis of various religious traditions, the image of Mithras finally merged with solar deities of non-Persian origin. This is evidenced by works of art and corresponding dedicatory inscriptions such as “Apollo - Mithra - Helios”
.
The solar nature of Mithra is most clearly revealed in the Roman version of the cult of this deity. Roman Mithraists celebrated the birth of Mithras on December 25- during the winter solstice, which was supposed to symbolize the transition from darkness to light. Mithra - the sun was born in a dark cave at the darkest time of the year and therefore the Mithraists, paying tribute to the mythological tradition, themselves descended into the caves in order to emerge from them transformed, sanctified by the light of Mithras.

The Mithraic cave temples - speleums or mithraeums, symbolized the darkness of non-existence from which new life, a new day, a new Sun is born. John Lundy, in his monograph Monumental Christianity, writes the following about the underground temples of the Mithraists:

« These caves were decorated with the signs of the zodiac: Cancer and Capricorn. The Winter and Summer solstices were the focus as gateways for souls descending into this world or ascending to God. Cancer was the first gate of descent and Capricorn the second gate of ascension. These were two paths of immortal passage from heaven to earth and from earth to heaven».

The tradition of worshiping in caves and rock grottoes first arose in Iran in the Zoroastrian environment, as evidenced by the royal tombs and rock reliefs in Naqsh-i-Rustam and Taq-i-Bostan. Porphyry, in his essay “The Cave of the Nymphs,” convincingly argues that Zarathushtra was the first to concentrate his attention on the cave as a place of worship of God. The birth of radiant Mithras in a cave is an undoubted sign of his solar nature.

Speaking about Mithra as a solar deity, it is impossible to ignore the fact that the numerological sum of the letters of his name in the Greek language (universal for late antiquity - the heyday of Mithraism) was equal to the number of days in a year, that is, the number of sunrises between the two spring equinoxes.

If we take the letters of the Greek word “Meithras” in the sense of numerals, the sum will be 365, and the adherents of the solar god, engaged in numerology, magic and astrology, attached especially great importance to this circumstance. In the understanding of the initiates, Mithras, as a solar deity, was associated with the laws of the entire universe. He monitors the passage of objective time, determining the movement across the horizon of the Sun and the change of seasons, and he also sets the speed of flow of time subjectively felt by a person, dividing his life into the stages of childhood, youth, maturity and old age.

These ideas clearly show the influence of Zervanism on Mithraism, a sacred Persian tradition that became widespread throughout the Hellenistic world. The merging of the solar cult of Mithras with the cult of the god of time Zervan was a completely natural phenomenon, since the cyclical movement across the sky of the fiery chariot of the Sun, causing a consistent change of seasons, the alternation of day and night, is a direct and most noticeable consequence of the flow of time, which is the emanation of the incomprehensible Zervan in the manifested world.

For the inhabitants of the Earth, the Sun is not only a measure of time, but also a source of heat and light, the giver of life, the embodiment of cosmic fire. The Iranians revered the fiery nature of Mithras, as they themselves were fire worshipers. But they, professing a dualistic religion, were inclined to see two sides in everything, and therefore in the Persian pantheon the fiery Mithra appears as a paired deity together with the “Lord of the Waters” Apam-Napat.

According to the exoteric Zoroastrian tradition, based on the surviving sacred texts known to modern science Avesta, Mithra, together with Apam-Napata, form a pair of great deities, complementary to each other. They were called Ahuras, that is, “lords,” which to some extent likened them to Ahura Mazda himself. In the opposition of Mithra and Apam-Napata, the Iranians saw the confrontation of two mutually exclusive, but equally necessary elements for life.
Mithra personified the solar element of fire (and it is no coincidence that in later Mithraic art he was identified with the Greek god of fire Hephaestus), Apam-Napat symbolized the element of water, as evidenced by his name, translated from Avestan as “Lord of the Waters.”

In contrast to Mithra, who embodied the conscious, rational, organizing principle of the universe, the powerful, spontaneous, unstoppable Apam-Napat personified the secret nature of the subconscious, hidden magical processes occurring in the unmanifested world of feelings and desires.

The contrast between Mithra and Apam-Napata is especially clearly reflected in the Rig Veda, where Apam-Napat, whom the Indian Aryans called Varuna, appears as the personification of the dark night, while Mitra personifies the day filled with sunlight.
Persian rock reliefs depict Mithras with the sun's radiance emanating from him. On a relief from Naqsh-i-Rustam, he blesses the Shah of Iran Ardashir, transferring to the latter part of his solar energy.

Zoroastrians saw in the idea of ​​sacred royal power an earthly reflection of a single cosmic law, according to which the Sun King controls the movement of the planets subordinate to him. Shahinshah, a bearer of royal charisma filled with solar energy, is the earthly deputy of the Creator, fulfilling the will of God, his functions include maintaining the Law established by Mithra at the state level. The Persian kings themselves performed judicial and legal functions, thereby justifying the burden of responsibility placed on them for the fate of their subjects.

The post-Achaemenid dynasties of Persian rulers also worshiped Mithra, as evidenced by extensive archaeological and numismatic material. The veneration of Mithras, as the patron of state power, was widespread in ancient times. Thus, a whole galaxy of powerful Asia Minor rulers of the state of Pontus bore the name Mithridates, which translated from Persian means “gift of Mithra.”


Names and titles derived from Mithras were widespread throughout the Persian kingdom, which included modern-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran itself. The name of Mithras can still be read to this day in the toponymy of some populated areas of the above-mentioned states, and the rich folklore tradition of these countries has brought to us stories about folk heroes whose names go back to the name of Mithras.

The cult of Mithras also influenced the Eastern Slavs, among whom names with the root Mir = Mihr = Mitr began to appear. These names include names Vladimir, Miroslav, Lyubomir etc.

MITHRA - WINNER OF THE HEAVENLY SERPENT

Speaking about the solar nature of Mithras, it is impossible to ignore the cosmological aspect of the image of this deity. The development of the cult of Mithra went in parallel with the development of astronomy and astrology, since from the earliest times Mithras was considered as an astral deity. In the understanding of the ancient Indo-Iranians, Mithras was the organizer of the cosmos; he was in charge of both the laws of heaven and the laws of heaven, according to which every person on earth and every luminary in the sky was destined for his own path.

The Iranian idea of ​​the heavenly origin of the human soul, enriched by the rich astronomical experience of the Babylonians, formed the basis of horoscope astrology, which became widespread in the ancient world. Modern research convincingly proves the inextricable connection between Horoscope Astrology and Zoroastrianism, the religion of Zoroaster. But for the emergence of this type of astrology, which is fundamentally different from the Astrology of Omens and Primitive Zodiacal Astrology (definitions introduced by B. Van der Waerden), mathematical means were needed to calculate the position of the planets in the zodiac signs.

Such means could only be the methods of mathematical astronomy, obtained by Babylonian astrologers only in the Persian period, when Babylon became part of the Persian Empire. The flexible religious policy of Cyrus, the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, contributed to close contact between the two cultures and their mutual enrichment. During the reign of the Persian kings, Babylonian science not only did not stop its development, but also rose to hitherto unprecedented heights.(Let us remember that it was the Babylonian texts that later formed the basis of the Old Testament)

The most important achievements of Babylonian astronomy of the Persian period (539-331 BC) were the accurate determination of the periods of the sun, moon and planets, the calculation of the magnitude of eclipses and other lunar and planetary phenomena. Horoscope astrology spread to the West simultaneously with the cult of the Persian god Mithras, but even before astrology made its victorious march through the territory of the Roman Empire, and even before the very idea of ​​horoscopes arose, Mithras - the Sun was under the close attention of the Babylonian priests - stargazers. In an astrological text from the library of Ashurbanipal (669-630 BC), “Mithra” is mentioned as one of the many names of the Sun god Shamash.

The Assyrian period of Babylonian astronomy, to which this clay tablet belongs, is characterized by the identification of the Zodiac as the path of the Sun, Moon and planets, as well as the systematic observation and prediction of eclipses. It was during this period that the idea of ​​the Sun - Shamash - Mithras, as a “heavenly manager”, governing the course of time and the movement of the planets, was formed.

But only in the Persian period were conclusions made about the influence of celestial phenomena and bodies on human destiny, among which the Sun and Moon began to be considered the most significant, since the proximity of their angular diameters and trajectories predetermine their conjunction - periodic mutual overlap, resulting in solar eclipses. when in broad daylight the stars puff in the sky and the earth plunges into darkness.


The idea of ​​a dragon devouring the Sun during eclipses was so widespread that it can be considered universal. The Greeks called the heavenly dragon Anabibazon, the Hindus called him Rahu, and the Persians called him the serpent Gochihar.

In various traditions, the myth about the struggle between the solar deity and the dragon received different interpretations, but the general line can still be traced in all the legends about snake-fighting heroes. The Greek sun god Apollo, identified with Mithra in Hellenistic times, defeated the monstrous dragon Typhon, the Indian god Vishnu cut off the head of the dragon Rahu for stealing the drink of immortality amrita, the Persian sun god Mihr (Mithras) wages an irreconcilable struggle with the serpent Gochihara, who, according to the Bundahishn, he will be finally defeated only in the last cosmic battle and burned in a river of molten metal.

All these myths have astral symbolism and were very significant for people in whose minds celestial phenomena had a very definite religious meaning.

The astral religion of Zoroaster interpreted eclipses in the general spirit of the teaching, giving this phenomenon the most serious cosmogonic significance. The mystery of the battle between the Sun-Mihr and the serpent Gochihara was the culmination of the struggle between light and darkness. Mithras, the liberator of light, was depicted as a horseman trampling a defeated dragon. This image turned out to be surprisingly tenacious, which speaks of its universality and archetypicality. Images of the solar deity trampling a monster under the hooves of his horse are found among archaeological finds on the Danube, in the burial grounds of Moesia, Pannonia and Thrace. The cult of Mithra the horseman killing Ahriman became widespread during the Sasanian Empire.

The plot of the divine hunt, in which Mithra is represented as a hunter galloping on horseback, is not uncommon in Persian decorative and applied art, which is generally characterized by hunting scenes. Similar images of Mithras hunting on horseback, in the iconography of which the influence of the Persian arts and crafts school is clearly felt, were discovered in the mithraeum and in a private house at Dura Europos.

The image of Mithras, a horse rider, is found not only on frescoes, but also on reliefs from Odecoca, Soldobyus, etc., and in the image of this young Persian god, striking with a spear and trampling the carcass of a bull with the hooves of his horse, one can clearly read the features of a familiar to all in Christian iconography of St. George the Victorious.

The difference is that George tramples a dragon, and Mithras tramples a bull, but the stele from Neuenheim depicts Mithra, under the hooves of whose horse is not a bull at all, but a snake, which allows us to conclude that Christianity almost completely adopted the image of the holy snake fighter from the cult Persian god Mithra.

It is also interesting that in Christian iconography the image of an equestrian rider, for which Mithras could be the prototype, was very popular - in addition to numerous icons dedicated to St. George the Victorious, there are images of St. Martin in the form of a horseman and even Jesus Christ, in the form of an equestrian warrior overthrowing the Antichrist (at the gates of the church in Lydda).

Since ancient times, the horse was considered a sacred solar animal and was dedicated to the solar god. The solar chariot, an image familiar to everyone from Greek and Indian mythology, was firmly associated in the minds of the Persians with Mithra. From his chariot, Mithra overthrows demons, just as the Slavic Perun strikes the servants of darkness with lightning from the heights of his heavenly chariot. Cult iconographic images of scenes of Mithras fighting a monster had religious and astral symbolism.

Mithra, the serpent fighter, revered as the organizer of the universe, defeats the dragon Ahriman, who is encroaching on the embodied world. Mithra frees the light, gives the world hope for resurrection, defeats the dragon of eclipses.

Mithra defeats the forces of fate and fate, which are symbolized by the dragon Gochihara, on the other hand, he is the keeper of cosmic law and in this sense, eclipses are his instrument of maintaining heavenly and a little bit of law and order. Eclipses bring trials, which most often are retribution for human sins.

The centuries-old experience of astrologers irrefutably demonstrates that the most serious events, both on a universal planetary scale and on a personal level, occur during eclipses. The misfortunes that happen in people's lives make them think about heavenly punishment.

Eclipses preceding difficult trials pushed people to the conclusion about the relationship between these celestial phenomena and events occurring on earth. Mithra, who rewards the righteous and punishes sinners, was perceived as a heavenly judge who sends trials to people through eclipses. In a certain sense, eclipses are like an ordeal; they force a person to go through “fire”, revealing his true essence.

Since Mithra symbolizes the forces of cosmic justice, the objective law of retribution for sins and good deeds, he can manifest himself both as a punishing God-judge and as a merciful Savior. In his hands are scales on which the actions committed by people are weighed.

He makes the final verdict at the posthumous trial, and he also exercises control over what was done during human life, arranging an ordeal for the tested person, leading him through suffering in order to cleanse himself from sins. Eclipses are understood in the Avestan tradition as necessary tests sent to humanity by Mithra in order to punish the guilty and strengthen the strong in spirit.

It was for this knowledge of Vesta that Alexander the Great went on a campaign at the instigation of Aristotle. As we remember from post- the original Avesta disappeared from the Jerusalem priests.

To be continued.

ARYAN MITHRA Mithra is one of the most ancient deities of the Indo-Iranian pantheon. The cult of Mithra had a huge influence on the spiritual evolution of many peoples of the Indo-European group. Echoes of the proud name of the once formidable deity are still heard in various languages, and the moral and ethical principles underlying Mithraism are to this day the fundamental principles of the structure of human society.

Modern science determines the time of origin of the cult of Mithra as 2-3 millennium BC. The name of this deity became sacred even before the division of the Indo-Iranian community into two branches of the Aryans - Hindus and Iranians. In the two most ancient religious monuments of the Indo-Europeans - the Iranian Avesta and the Indian Rig Veda, entire hymns are dedicated to Mithra, in which his justice, military spirit, “omniscience” and fearlessness are glorified. According to the Avesta, the main function of Mithra is to unite people, to create a stable social structure, the internal relations of which are subject to a strict order established by reason. Honesty, truthfulness, fidelity to one's word - those moral criteria that evaluate the strength of relationships in the family, community, state and other associations of people, first received religious and ethical understanding in the cult of the all-seeing Mithras - the deity of justice and law, closely observing all forms of social relationships . The circumstance regulating human relations has always been a contract. Man became human only when he was able to find mutual understanding with his own kind. In this sense, Mithra, whose name is translated from the Avestan language as “agreement”, and from Sanskrit as “friend” (i.e., the second party to the agreement), is a deity of social, one might even say, state importance. Persian kings swore by the name of Mithra, and Roman emperors revered him as the “guardian of the empire.”
The cult of Mithras became widespread throughout the Roman state during the empire, and at some point could even develop into a world religion. Ex Oriente lux (“light from the East”) - the Romans said, and this phrase is quite applicable to the eastern cult of the solar god Mithra that they adopted. The religion of Mithras reached its highest rise in the Roman Empire in the 3rd-4th centuries, but the homeland of this radiant deity is far from the most extreme limits of the Roman state. The roots of Mithraism are lost in the depths of the history of the Indo-European community, and the geography of the emergence and spread of this cult corresponds to the geography of the settlement of the Aryan peoples. The homeland of Mithra is the same country that the Hindus called Arya Varta, and the Iranians called Aryan Vaeja, which in both cases means “Aryan space”. The Indo-Europeans revered him as the protector of the righteous and the guardian god of countries “where Mithras is revered.” It was believed that the tranquility of state borders, and therefore the possibility of prosperity and peaceful life, depended on him. According to the Avestan tradition, Mithras, fully armed, flies around the Aryan expanses on his golden chariot and monitors the maintenance of peace and compliance with the treaty.
Maintaining peace between tribes and peoples can only be based on trust and loyalty to the treaty concluded between the elders or chiefs. The holiness of the word given by man was valued above all else by ancient legislators. The Indo-Europeans recognized two types of obligations - an oath and a contract. Mitra and Varuna were considered the heavenly patrons of the Law. Varuna was the deity of oath, the utterance of his name sealed the commitment made by a person and made him responsible not only to people, but also to the deity taken as a witness. The name Varuna goes back to the Indo-European root “ver” (“connection”), hence the Russian words “faith”, “loyalty”. The name of Mithras, who, as already mentioned, was the deity of the contract, comes from the Indo-European root “mei”, which means “to change”, “to negotiate”, “to give”. Obviously, the Russian word “Peace” also goes back to the name “Mithra,” which clearly reveals very ancient ideas about the peacemaking and contractual functions of this deity.

The Rig Veda emphasizes that the merciful Mitra is peace-loving, friendly towards people, he brings wealth, gives protection and his patronage to those who turn to him with prayers. The ancient Hindus saw in the image of this deity a kind of heavenly reconciliator, one who is able to establish peace, unite disunited people into a single whole and strengthen their relationships with an agreement. This agreement had a direct correspondence with the universal cosmic law of Rta (analogous to the Persian Arta), which is the embodiment of the universal Truth. It is no coincidence that Mithra was called the Lord of Truth, since it was he, in the ideas of the ancient Indians, who was the force that ordered Chaos and established a single cosmic law for the entire universe - Truth. Everything that exists in this world - the movement of the sun, the blowing of winds and the flow of water, the life of people and animals, the growth of plants - everything is regulated through the Truth (Mouth). The Truth of the Mouth was established by Aditya Mitra and Varuna, whose responsibilities include maintaining world order. They monitor people’s actions and control their compliance with the Truth; they reward respectable people who are true to their word with good health and a happy life, while they severely punish liars and treaty breakers.
But only villains and oathbreakers can fear God's wrath - for other people Mithra poses no threat. In the understanding of the Hindus, Mithra is one of the most favorable celestial beings towards man, and it is no coincidence that the name Mithra, translated from ancient Indian, means “Friend”. Speaking about this, it is impossible to ignore the etymology of the Russian word “Friend”, the very sound of which contains something

FEAST OF MITHRAS

Roman tetramorph statues (Lion-headed Mithra, Mithraic Saturn, Zervan-Time, Mithra-Phanes) The image of the god Mithras combines 4 bodies: man, lion, bird and snake.

"Miter" translated means Fidelity and Oath. All kinds of contracts and oaths are associated with him, for violation of which Mithra punishes the apostate. He is a guardian of order, called upon to protect the laws of this world and monitor their implementation. The All-Seeing and All-Hearing Mithra keeps score of a person’s actions, and at the posthumous trial he acts as his “prosecutor.” He does not tolerate lies in anything and demands punishment or reward strictly according to the law, giving everyone his lot.
Mithra not only oversees balance and justice in all three worlds, he is also the conqueror of chaos and darkness. Woe to him who breaks the treaty, the sanctity of which this Ized preserves. Mithra's sacred animal has always been the horse, and is usually depicted as a horseman or driving a chariot.
This holiday is celebrated when the Sun leaves the sign of Sagittarius. 21 fires are lit according to the number of Avestan Zodiac signs.

Miter, in ancient Persian and ancient Indian mythology, the god of treaties and friendship, protector of truth. Mithra was the light: he raced on a golden sun chariot drawn by four white horses across the sky. He had 10,000 ears and eyes; wise, he was distinguished by his courage in battle. This god could bless those who worshiped him, granting them victory over their enemies and wisdom, but he showed no mercy to his enemies. As the god of fertility, he brought rain and caused plants to grow.

MITHRAISM- a religion associated with the worship of the god Mithra.

At the turn of the 1st century. in the ancient Iranian religion of Zoroastrianism, the cult of the god Mithras, who was considered one of the closest assistants of Ahura Mazda (the deity of good in Zoroastrianism), gradually came to the fore.

It was in the form of MITHRAISM that Zoroastrianism was spread from Central Asia and Northern India all the way to the Atlantic Ocean.

This religion was especially popular in the border regions of the Roman Empire, where the Roman legions were stationed, whose soldiers were adherents of the cult of Mithras; it was believed that he brought them victory.

The remains of numerous sanctuaries (mithraeum) have been preserved near Roman camp sites, on which one can find the inscription “To the invincible sun god Mithras.”

The idea of ​​Mithra is especially developed in Mihr-Yasht, one of the longest and most famous hymns of the Avesta.

In Iran, Mithra acts as a personal deity, protecting the universal order, which requires appropriate human behavior: following moral standards, law, and veneration of the gods.

The main goal of human life is to help Ahura Mazda and Mithra in the fight against evil forces. Man himself chose between good and evil, taking responsibility for this choice.

The basis of the ethics of the righteous is good thoughts, good words, good deeds.

The god Mithra in ancient Iranian mythology is associated with the idea of ​​contract, mediation, consent, oath and friendship. At the same time, he is the god of war, fighting on the side of the righteous, merciless towards violators of law and harmony.

Mithra guards state borders, which reflected the consolidation of tribal alliances.

At the same time, he is the God of the Sun, light.

Mithra was believed to begin his heavenly journey as the Sun God from the mythical Mount Hara.

A white animal, wild rice, boiled milk, and steamed meat are sacrificed to him.

Just as in Zoroastrianism, the act of crushing haoma (a type of plant) and preparing a ritual drink that guarantees immortality to believers was of great importance in MITHRAISM.

In honor of Mithra, various cult actions were performed, mostly in the dungeons, where archaeologists find the remains of altars.

The holidays dedicated to Mithra were very magnificent.

Many ancient images of Mithras have survived.

Most often he was represented as a man with the head of a lion or as a killing bull.

Miter- perhaps the most famous god of the Iranian pantheon, who was revered in different eras and different peoples. One of the ancient and most extensive hymns of the Avesta is dedicated to him:

Ahura Mazda said to Spitama Zarathushtra: “In this way I created Mithras, Whose pastures are spacious, That he is worthy of the same. Prayers and praises, Like me, Ahura Mazda.

The country will be destroyed by the vile, the one who does not keep his word, he is worse than a hundred scoundrels of the pious... "

The words are truly prophetic. Indeed, meanness and failure to fulfill the unspoken social contract by individuals, groups or social strata destroys the country, leads the people to troubles and hardships, and the loss of moral foundations.

Mithra is the god of agreement, harmony, peace agreement (and peaceful, perhaps, too). “The cult of Mithras has become extremely widespread,” wrote V.N. Toporov, “the image of Mithra has taken root (in direct or indirect form) in a variety of cultural-historical traditions and religious-mythological systems.” In natural phenomena, Mithras is always accompanied by the Sun; it even precedes sunrise and remains after sunset:

He is the first of the celestials [yazats]

Rising above the peak of Khara [mountain],

Preceding the immortal, fast-riding Sun;

The first one takes possession

Beautiful - golden heights

And from there, mighty,

Inspects all Aryan dwellings.

To the greatest extent, in this case, the image of Mithras corresponds to the concept of light. Another passage testifies to the same thing:

He walks after sunset, Wide as the earth, Touches both ends of this vast, Convex, boundless earth, Surveying all that is between earth and heaven.

But nature in the eyes of Zarathushtra is a reflection of human qualities; the human soul reflects natural phenomena; there are implicit relationships between the spiritual world of people and the surrounding natural world. So Mithra combines the embodiment of light, contract, prosperity of nature and well-being of people:

On his right hand goes

Good, righteous Sraosha [Obedience];

On the left - tall,

Strong Rashnu [True];

Everywhere around him

Water and plants are coming,

Fravashay [Spirits] of the righteous.

However, Mithras patronizes not only a peace treaty, but also a just war:

He incites the battle, He stands in the midst of the battle... Blows off the heads of the people who lied to Mithra.

In some cases, Mithra is likened to Conscience, or rather, the Spirit of Conscience, which is present in every person and affects his actions, determining his fate:

If he lies to him

Is the head of the house

Or the head of the community,

Or the head of the region,

Or the head of the country,

Then Mithras will rise,

Angry and offended

And he will destroy the house too,

And the community, and the region, and the country

Purity of thoughts, loyalty to one's duty, one's word, one's promises and oaths - all this must be sacredly honored and fulfilled. And above all, this applies to the one who rules over other people, because their fate depends on him. Mithra will punish the apostate, as well as everyone who is with him. He is the personification of justice.

The sunrise is preceded by light, from which clouds and snow-white mountain peaks flash. Comprehension of truth, achievement of supreme bliss is preceded by spiritual purity, the desire for truth and justice, in other words, service to Mithra. “Some Iranian peoples,” wrote I.S. Braginsky, - the veneration of Mithra was completely associated with the cult of the Sun, and the words “Mihr”, “Mira” (going back to the ancient Iranian name of Mithra) began to mean simply “sun”. The worship of Mithra spread beyond the Iranian world and served as the basis for the mysterious cults of the religion of the Roman legionaries - Mithraism, which they spread throughout Western Europe and competed with early Christianity."

In relatively later works of art, Mithra was depicted as a young warrior killing a bull. This ritual murder ensured the victory of goodness and justice over dark hostile forces. During the times of Ancient Rome, the cult of Mithras was accompanied by mysteries, the participants of which were required to undergo a series of tests of hunger, thirst, pain, and cold (in cave sanctuaries). The birthday of Mithra was considered December 25, when daylight begins to arrive (it is believed that the birthday of Jesus Christ was also adopted in accordance with this holiday). And the Roman legionnaires honored in the image of Mithra, first of all, apparently, loyalty to duty and oath. This faith helped them maintain strict military discipline and act in concert in battles, which largely determined their victories, especially since Mithra, according to legend, met the soul of the deceased in the kingdom of the dead and administered justice to it.

Before the advent of the teachings of Zarathushtra, Mithra was highly revered, earthly possessions and mediation between people and deities were assigned to him. “One of the most interesting epithets of Mithras,” wrote V.N. Toporov, ““rectifier of lines (borders)” not only hints at the possible reconciling role of Mithras in disputes about borders, but ultimately allows, obviously, to restore for him more the ancient function of the king-priest, taking part in ritual changes that confirm adherence to the universal law, truth. The mediating role of Mithra is essential, the function of distinguishing between good and evil, truth and lies. In this sense, Mithras is a deity who defines a certain moral boundary.” And although Zarathushtra, who professed the cult of the one most important God, gave Mithra a relatively modest place in his pantheon, the cult of Mithra was subsequently revived in all its splendor. Still, truth, honor, justice are the pillars on which society rests.

MITER- God of loyalty, oath, order and justice. God of Light of the Soul.

In Iranian mythology, one of the most famous supreme gods.
Powerful universal frequency. Works for all possible situations, for the implementation of Intention. Brings the necessary knowledge.

The essence of frequency is honesty, openness and fairness.
This is the energy of a Warrior, Teacher, Mentor, directing any human activity in the right direction.

Promotes the development of will, intention and awareness.
Develops clairvoyance and clairvoyance.
Works for a wide range of situations. Especially where it is necessary to demonstrate order, adherence to law and justice, both in personal relationships and in public affairs and associations.
Frequency is used both for personal development and to help others.
A wonderful amulet for the whole family.
It helps well in protecting and purifying space, filling it with golden light and realizing its crystal purity. This is also used when it is necessary to maintain space during any other work - from psychological sessions to medical sessions. Helps in realizing your personal intention.
Removes necrotic bindings.
Effectively used in exorcism to get rid of possession.

If someone has offended you or acted unfairly, contact Mithra, and he will definitely help you from the standpoint of the Cosmic laws of justice. Your request may be resolved easily and simply, or perhaps in some unexpected way. For example, you will suddenly understand the reason for the occurrence of a particular situation... Or you will realize what actions need to be carried out in order for your desire to come true... Or you will understand what thoughts are preventing you from getting what you want... Or, finally, comprehend the future result that is guaranteed to you as a result of your desires... In any case, working with this frequency will change your consciousness, your life will become more conscious, and therefore more harmonious.

ASTRAL CULT OF MITHRA-VARUNA

In the Roman Empire, before the proclamation of Christianity as an officially approved religion, the cult of Mithra was of greatest importance and distribution. Mithra in the countries where “he was from” - in Persia and India - was the god of justice, agreement and was revered as such at all times. According to Plutarch and Xenophon, the Persian kings swore by Mithras when they took oaths. Several kings of Pontus, eastern Asia Minor, (from 280 to 62 BC) bore the names of Mithridates. The cult of Mithras spread from Babylon through Asia Minor and throughout the Roman Empire from Syria to Britain. In the sanctuaries of Mithra there are always images of the Zodiac Signs and planets, and the priests called themselves “Followers of Astrology.”
The West, with the cult of Mithra, adopted the entire Zoroastrian world, which is why Mithra was identified with the Sun (under the name Mihr). Surprisingly, even in India, where the remnants of the adherents of Zoroastrianism later fled from the Muslims, these former magicians were considered the descendants of the solar dynasty, while the Hindus attributed themselves to the lunar dynasty of kings. The reason for this can be seen not only in the central role of fire in the rituals of magicians, but also in the history of the Aryans themselves, whose religion was brought to India from the north. The indigenous dark-skinned population of Hindustan strongly identified themselves with the dark-skinned ancestors of southern Asia, and the Aryans with the light-skinned northerners.
Let us first look at the origins of the cult of Mithra in the East, and then return to his cult in Europe. The cult of Mithra is characterized by the trial of man by fire. Mithra was considered the ruler of the navel, rectum. He ruled the places of anger, hatred, death. In addition, Mithras performed rituals to achieve Heavenly life. Since Mitra was considered one of the sons of outer space (Aditi), he is the personification of one of the planets. With its characteristics it is associated with the Sign of Scorpio and can thus personify the planet Mars and the central star of Scorpio Antares, shining with a rare reddish hue.
Mithra - “Friendship”, “Friendly Treaty”. Mithra monitors guilt and its absence, punishes sins, is the master of truth, leads the social order and even the moral one. He possesses, together with Varuna, the ability for miraculous transformations and an eternally youthful stimulating power. Very often in the hymns of the Vedas these sons of Aditi appear together and they are given the area of ​​productive power - the testicles of the universal Man.
Varuna is the chief of the six Adityas, considered in later tradition to be the “healer” of the gods. Varuna instructs the gods and they follow his advice. He is an autocrat and king over gods and people. Varuna is strict with people and does not so much grant them benefits as watches over them and protects them from evil inclinations, from evil dreams, frees them from fear, guards people’s thoughts, speaks out against injustice, illness, death, witchcraft, and even bestows long life. Varuna is the keeper of the highest law, world order, truth. He is their guarantor. He looks for the guilty, punishes with a rope or noose and forgives sins. Varuna's main quality is wisdom, and the main mythical plot associated with him is cosmic waters in all their diversity and an oath on the water. Varuna pours out cosmic waters, frees streams, makes a path for them, fills the sea with water, watches the flow of rivers. Varuna is the lord of karma, fate and law, Saturn, whose rings become loops in myth. Varuna is located in the roof of the mouth, makes it possible to sense tastes, gives birth to food and delicacies.
Both of these Gods embody justice and law, and both are associated with oaths and trials. B. Van der Waerden writes: “The god Mithras, or Mithras, was at all times a powerful rival of Ahura Mazda.” In fact, they never competed, but walked hand in hand, sometimes exchanging their roles. For example, in the Avesta, the function of the fire test passed from Mithra to Ahura Mazda (Asura the Wise, which is absolutely identical to Varuna), and boundary treaties, confirmed by the oath to Mithra, turned out to be associated with the waters of rivers, which often served as natural boundaries between tribes. Yasna 34: “Then by your fire, O Ahura, mighty judge, we wish to be tangibly pleasant for a believer, O Mazda, and visibly painful for a hostile person, according to the wave of your hand.” But it cannot be said that the Zoroastrians were very mistaken about the connection of Saturn with the fire element. The whole world comes from fire, or more precisely, from the thermal principle, the boundaries of which coincide with the modern orbit of Saturn. The Avesta hymn described it this way: “I knew you to be beneficial, O Mazda Ahura, when I saw you first at the birth of the world, when you perform deeds and determine their reward, reward evil for evil and good for good, with your power in the final turning point. point of creation." Fire is at the center of the Zoroastrian ritual, and Ahura Mazda, who stands first in the process of creation, is naturally recognized as the highest deity. Later, two equal cults, Mithras and Ahura Mazda, took the form of Zervanism-Mithraism. The image of Zervan, the God of Time, came first. This is another hypostasis of Saturn, measuring the time of life, determining for each creature its time and place.
Understanding the cult of Mithra-Varuna can reveal the secret of one of the phrases of the Apostle Paul: “Do not be afraid of the fiery trial.” It is possible that it was through the efforts of Paul, initiated into the mysteries of the Roman Empire, that the principles of Mithraism (together with the Mithraic communities) were transformed into Christian ones. It is known that for the first time the congregations began to be called “Christians” in Antioch, and it was this city that was famous for its Mithraic cult. Pavel established his authority in this city, and from this his career began.
The Byzantine Emperor Julian, who received the epithet “apostate” from Christians, was an adherent of these Persian mysteries, as evidenced by the “Hymn to King Helios” he wrote. The cult of Mithras had many temples and sanctuaries throughout the empire, and the main contingent of Mithras fans were legionaries. Mithra was the deity of military valor and brotherhood. Such qualities are appropriate for the deity of Mars and have been especially clearly emphasized since the time of the compilation of the Avesta:

The warriors call on Mithra,
Leaning towards the horse's manes,
Asking for health
Horses in harnesses have strength,
Asking for the ability to see
Enemies from afar
And to win them
Enemies with one blow
All hostile enemies
And every enemy.

However, the images of Mithras in Roman sanctuaries provide researchers with a great mystery - in them Mithras always kills a bull. The astrological key to it is given by the same Mars, which rules not only Scorpio, but also Aries. And Aries has a more direct relationship with soldiers. In Greco-Roman astrology, the image of Perseus, a brave young man who cut off the head of Medusa the Gorgon, was placed above the constellation Aries. It is Perseus who personifies the courageous, heroic aspect of the Aries Sign. Moreover, Perseus is located, as it were, on top and above Taurus - just like that, on top of the bull, Mithra is depicted in the sanctuaries! The gaze of Medusa the Gorgon was capable of turning anyone into stone. This is an allegory of the coarsening influence of the Moon. In Taurus, the Moon is exalted, gaining strength, and in Scorpio it is falling - therefore the role of killing the Gorgon belongs to Mithras-Scorpio. Actually, this plot is repeated above Scorpio itself: there Hercules kneels to raise the Lernaean Hydra (placed under the lunar constellation Cancer) above his head and defeat it.

Internet source.