GGT in a biochemical blood test: normal values ​​​​of the enzyme level. GGT in a biochemical blood test - what to do if the indicator is elevated? Elevated gamma gtr in the blood

An increase in GGT in the biochemical composition of the blood may indicate such dangerous liver diseases as cirrhosis, hepatitis of intoxication or viral etiology. An increase in the GGT rate occurs in people who have been abusing strong alcoholic beverages for several days, weeks and months.

GGT (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) in the biochemical composition of the blood is a protein enzyme, an increase in which indicates a disease state of the liver or gallbladder tissues. It is in the cells of these internal organs that the digestive enzyme is contained.

According to its physiological purpose, GGT is a biochemical substance that, together with bile, accelerates the process of splitting fats that enter the body as part of food.

In healthy people who do not have concomitant diseases of the liver or gallbladder, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the bloodstream is completely absent, or its level is negligible.

If a person suffers from pathologies of these organs, then their cells die, as a result of which GGT molecules enter the bloodstream.

After a biochemical blood test, an increased concentration of a protein enzyme is detected, which indicates the need for a more thorough examination of the patient.

Indications for analysis

In order for the attending physician to decide on the need for a biochemical blood test for the level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the following circumstances are required:

GGT in the biochemical composition of the blood is increased in cases where gallbladder dysfunction is also present. Therefore, patients suffering from diseases of this organ are also shown to test for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the bloodstream.

How to prepare for donating blood

In order to obtain the most reliable data without distorting the results of the analysis, it is necessary to follow the rules for preparing for blood donation. They are included in the following actions on the part of the person who will undergo the laboratory examination:

At all stages of preparation for blood donation for its biochemical study for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, it is recommended to exclude smoked, fatty, pickled foods from the diet so as not to create an increased burden on the liver tissue.

The menu of the person being examined should consist of cereals, vegetables, lactic acid products, boiled potatoes and lean meats (chicken, turkey, rabbit, veal).

How is the GGT analysis performed?

GGT in the biochemical composition of the blood is increased or its normal values ​​are maintained, determined by a detailed laboratory study.

It is carried out as follows:

The average duration of the study is from 1 to 2 hours. The availability of modern electronic devices and laboratory equipment speeds up the analysis process.

If there is the slightest suspicion of a distortion of the examination results, the attending physician may prescribe a second sampling of biological material with the release of GGT concentration. The measurement is carried out in units relative to 1 liter of venous blood.

The norm of GGT in a blood test for biochemistry

Indicators of the level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the composition of the bloodstream depend on the age of the examined patient, as well as his gender. Below is a detailed table that displays the norms of the protein enzyme for patients of the corresponding age category.

Age and gender	Norm indicators (not more than the specified values ​​\u200b\u200bU / l)
Baby born 5 days ago	185
From 5 days to 6 months.	204
From 6 to 12 months.	34
1 to 3 years	18
3 to 6 years old	23
6 to 12 years old	17
Youth from 12 to 17 years old	45
Teenage girl from 12 to 17 years old	33
Male 18 years and older	10 to 71
Woman 18 years of age or older	6 to 42

GGT in the biochemical composition of the blood is increased in adults and young children who have severe forms of damage to the liver tissues, gallbladder and its ducts.

Having received the results of a laboratory study, which indicate an excess of the concentration of this protein enzyme, the attending physician prescribes the patient to undergo additional diagnostics of the above-mentioned internal organs.

Reasons for increasing GGT in the blood

There are a large number of diseases and factors, the presence of which provokes an increase in the concentration of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. All of them entail damage to the cellular structure of the liver tissues, pancreas, walls of the gallbladder, stomach, namely:

GGT in the biochemical composition of the blood is elevated until the attending physician examines the patient, establishes the true cause of the high concentration of the protein enzyme and takes measures to reduce the level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.

The timely start of treatment of the detected disease allows you to stop further destruction of liver cells and bring the biochemical composition of the blood within the normal range.

Is an increase in GGT life-threatening?

An increased concentration of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the blood is not dangerous to health and life. The threat comes from diseases that provoked an increase in the level of a protein enzyme. Most of the pathologies are listed in the section above, and can lead to a long-term disorder of the digestive and endocrine systems.

In addition, the lack of treatment for diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, oncological processes in the tissues of the stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder and its ducts can lead to death.

Ways to lower the level of GGT in the blood

It must be understood that an increase in the concentration of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the blood is not a disease, but one of many symptoms indicating an underlying pathology. Therefore, to reduce the level of GGT, it is recommended to start therapy for the underlying disease as soon as possible.

If there is an urgent need to reduce the saturation of the enzyme protein, then this effect can be achieved by taking the following medications:

The dosage and duration of therapy is determined on an individual basis, based on the clinical picture of the course of the disease. In most cases, there is no need to take drugs that reduce the concentration of GGT in the blood. It is enough to start the treatment of the disease that caused the massive death of liver cells, so that within 1-3 days the indicators of the biochemical composition of the blood return to normal.

Reduction of GGT folk remedies

Alternative medicine offers its alternative methods to reduce the concentration of the liver enzyme. For these purposes, decoctions and tinctures of medicinal plants are used. Below are a few folk recipes that can improve the function of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas, stopping the destruction of their cells:

Before attempting to independently reduce the concentration of GGT in the blood using traditional medicine, it is recommended that you first visit a general practitioner, undergo an examination, and only with his permission begin treatment with medicinal plants.

What causes a decrease in GGT

The concentration of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase can be not only increased, but also reduced.

Such a change in the biochemical composition of the blood is possible in the following cases:

A special increase in the level of GGT in the biochemical composition of the blood is not required. The patient and the attending physician are faced with the task of treating the underlying disease, getting rid of which will restore the normal function of the liver and other internal organs involved in the digestion process.

Article formatting: Mila Fridan

Video about GGT in the blood

Elena Malysheva will talk about the norm and reasons for GGT deviation:

To determine the state of health of the human body and identify many different diseases, several types of different ones are used. One of them is a test for gamma-glutamyl transferase, or gamma GT. This type of analysis can also be referred to as GGT, and also be called a test for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.

Most often, this type of analysis for assessing the state of health or diagnosing a disease is used in combination with other types of samples and examinations, but a change in the GGT norm indicates some diseases and conditions quite clearly. For example, chronic alcoholism causes serious changes in the level of this enzyme, which is reflected in the test results.

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, or GGT, is found in cells and in the bile ducts. It serves to stimulate a number of biochemical processes and is not found directly in the blood.

This enzyme enters the bloodstream only after the destruction of the cell, so the level of GGT is constantly fluctuating, but within the normal range. If there is any, the process of cell destruction intensifies, and the amount of enzyme in the blood increases dramatically. Peak rises in gamma HT indicate the presence of serious diseases and help in diagnosing them.

For analysis, blood is taken from a vein, blood serum is examined. The test is taken in the morning, on a completely empty stomach.

The rules for preparing for delivery are simple and do not differ from the requirements for other types, but they must be observed.

Before conducting a blood test, you must refuse to eat for at least half a day. You will have to refrain from smoking for an hour before the analysis. Any alcoholic beverages, even low-alcohol ones, will have to be abandoned a day before visiting the laboratory - even a meager amount of alcohol will affect the correctness of the result. As with other types of blood tests, it is recommended that you remain emotionally calm and not overexert yourself physically.

Useful video - Liver diseases: features of development and methods of treatment.

Assign such an analysis in the following cases:

• To determine the state and level of damage.
• Tracking the development of cancer of the liver, pancreas and.
• Identification of alcoholism and monitoring the effect of treatment on chronic alcoholics.
• Evaluation of the dangerous effects of drugs on the state of the liver.

The presence of various disorders in the work of internal organs is indicated by the result of the analysis, in which gamma HT is increased.

A biochemical blood test provides valuable information about a person's health status. One of the important indicators of biochemistry in women is GGTP, or gamma-glutamyl transferase.

What is GGTP?

Under gamma-GT (synonyms - gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, GGTP, gamma-glutamyltransferase) is an enzyme that is produced during a number of biochemical processes. This substance takes part in the metabolism of amino acids, is regularly found in the membranes of cells and inside them. Most of all it is present in such organs:

If gamma-HT is elevated, the causes in women may lie in diseases of the listed organs. Since women do not have a prostate, the level of gamma-HT will normally be less than that of men. Small amounts of gamma-glutamyltransferase exist in other organs, but its significance is not decisive.

An increase in the indicator never goes unnoticed, it always signals the body's troubles. Most of all GGTP is in the liver tissues, so their damage should be excluded first.

In women, the value of 6-32 IU / liter, or 10-66 units / liter (depending on the measurement in a particular laboratory) is considered the norm.

For comparison, in men, the figure is 18-100 units / liter, in children it varies by age. It is worth giving the most common reasons for the increase in the indicator in women:

A blood test is taken on an empty stomach, it is prepared during the day. After the doctor draws conclusions about the possible prerequisites for increasing the enzyme.

How to detect an increase in gamma-GT?

With a number of symptoms, it can be suspected that the gamma-HT rate in women is increased. Only a slight increase can not give a clinical picture. Usually, with all pathologies of the hepatobiliary system that accompany the growth of gamma-HT, bile stasis is present. This condition can manifest itself:

No less often, the patient develops dyspeptic disorders - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Sometimes constipation occurs instead of diarrhea. Since the causes of an increase in GGTP can even be heart disease, they may be accompanied by chest pain, pallor, fainting, shortness of breath.

Cholestasis is the main reason for the increase in the indicator

With pathologies of the hepatobiliary system, cholestasis occurs - this condition means that bile reduces the rate of excretion. The reason is both the cessation of its transport through the biliary tract and the slowdown in production in the liver.

The concentration of gamma-HT in women most often increases due to liver disease.

Blockage of the outflow of bile can be observed in the advanced stages of cirrhosis, with severe fatty hepatosis. If the level of AST and ALT of the liver is increased in parallel, viral hepatitis A, B, less often C can be suspected. Outside the inflammatory process, the level of gamma-glutamyl transferase increases with toxic liver damage, poisoning, and sclerosing cholangitis. All of these diseases cause intrahepatic cholestasis, which is also accompanied by an increase in bilirubin.

Extrahepatic cholestasis can also give the same consequences, when the work of the ducts outside the liver is disrupted. This means that the gallbladder is affected in such diseases:

All these pathologies often cause a concomitant increase in blood alkaline phosphatase. Treatment will be aimed at improving the outflow of bile and blocking inflammation.

Tumor processes

Cancer of the liver and other organs of the hepatobiliary system is primary and metastasizing. If cancer cells proliferate in organs, liver function tests and gamma-HT begin to be released in increased volume. With large tumors in the decoding of the analysis, there is a serious excess of the indicator - 10 times or more.

In the initial stages of oncology, the excess of the enzyme can be moderate.

Among other things, a tumor of the pancreas is capable of causing changes in the analyzes. This organ is responsible for the production of a number of amino acids, which include gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.

Therefore, after treatment, the amount of the enzyme in the blood stabilizes, and usually increases with relapse. A moderate increase in the number can indicate the presence of cysts and other benign tumors.

Other possible causes

Regular examinations and blood tests are recommended for everyone who is undergoing long courses of treatment. Many tablets cause cytolysis (cell death) of the liver. This provokes a large amount of liver enzymes into the blood. In women, this often happens with a course of estrogens, corticosteroids.

A biochemical blood test is an integral part of the diagnosis of a wide range of pathological conditions.

A detailed study of enzymes, among which the GGTP indicator in the blood test is especially important, makes it possible to assess the condition of all organs and systems of the patient.

Functions

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGTP or GGT) is the most sensitive component in the detection of diseases of the gallbladder and liver.

It refers to protein enzymes that act as a catalyst for various biochemical processes that occur inside cells, and also participates in the metabolism of amino acids.

A feature of GGTP is its action not inside cell membranes, but on their surface. This becomes a prerequisite for the fact that in the event of inflammation or other types of damage to the liver and bile ducts, these components enter the bloodstream.

As a result, there is a significant increase in these indicators in the blood, which indicates diseases of the gallbladder and liver.

In the so-called blood biochemistry, it, together with enzymes such as bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and ALT, acts as a liver test, indicating the likelihood of hepatitis even when the symptoms of the disease are still not sufficiently pronounced.

This indicator is no less important for identifying the clinical picture of the pathological process associated with the liver parenchyma.

Indications for analysis

The high accuracy and efficiency of detecting dysfunction in such vital organs as the liver, pancreas and gallbladder make it possible to use GGTP values ​​when checking for the presence of neoplasms or stones in these organs.

Observation of the indicators of this enzyme in the blood makes it possible to assess not only the patient's condition, but also the effectiveness of the applied therapeutic treatment.

Among the main indications for glutamyl transferase testing are the following situations:

• scheduled preventive examinations;
• identification of causes provoking pain in the right hypochondrium, vomiting, nausea, bile stasis;
• suspicion of hepatitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis;
• the likelihood of gallstone disease;
• examination of the liver;
• before surgical operations;
• assessment of the state of organs and systems in case of alcohol poisoning or drug intoxication.

The detection of high levels of GGTP indicates serious disorders in the body and the need for a more detailed examination.

Preparation for analysis

For analysis, blood is taken from a vein. In order to obtain reliable results, the following recommendations must be observed:

• exclude the use of fatty and fried foods, as well as alcoholic beverages two to three days before the procedure;
• 8-12 hours before blood sampling, do not eat, the analysis is carried out on an empty stomach;
• be sure to notify the attending physician about taking any medications and, if possible, temporarily refrain from using them;
• carrying out physiotherapy and various types of instrumental examinations (CT, MRI, x-rays) is also not recommended.

Norm GGTP

The optimal values ​​of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase have a significant difference in individuals of different age categories and sexes. For example, the blood level of GGTP in adult men is higher than normal in women. Children have their own characteristics. These differences can be clearly seen in the table:

Exceptionally high rates in a child of the first days of life are observed due to their placental source. Subsequently, the production of GGTP occurs already in the baby's liver, the concentration of these enzymes gradually levels off.

The significant difference between male and female normal values ​​is explained by the large amount of GGT in the prostate gland. This is taken into account in the diagnosis of prostatitis and oncological processes in this organ.

This is interesting! The fact of higher rates among representatives of the dark-skinned race is known for certain. They are almost twice the values ​​of Europeans.

Causes of violations

Considering the issues of deviation from the norm, it should be initially noted that situations when the values ​​of gamma-GTP are lowered are extremely rare.

Such changes are a characteristic sign of a serious destructive process in the liver called cirrhosis. Also, low values ​​are possible with hyperthyroidism, in the process of treatment for alcohol dependence and the use of certain medications.

As for the reason for the high values, they are very diverse.

Why is the rate increasing?

In most cases, an increased level of GGTP in the blood is a determining factor in the diagnosis of liver pathologies, since this enzyme is highly sensitive to damage to the cells of this organ - hepatocytes.

Also, glutamyltransferase is significantly elevated in hepatotoxicity. The enzyme is especially sensitive in case of alcohol poisoning (GGTP is increased in such cases to exceptionally high units).

Diseases that provoke an increase in values

Among the main reasons, the following conditions should be especially noted

1. Pathological processes developing in the liver, hepatitis of various etiologies, occurring in an acute form. The chronic course of ailments can significantly increase GGT in the acute stage. These enzymes react to diseases before other components of the liver test (ALT, alkaline phosphatase, AST).
2. Diseases caused by stagnation of bile, including gallstone disease.
3. Infectious mononucleosis, which negatively affects the state of the liver.
4. Alcoholism, in which, oddly enough, only in 70% of cases, the test results record elevated GGTP values. In some patients suffering from alcoholism, this indicator remains within the normal range.

However, in most cases, it is the active surge in GGTP values ​​that determines the stage of alcohol intoxication. An adequate course of treatment helps to normalize the concentration of enzymes after 18-20 days.

Other factors

The list of diseases that an increase in GGTP signals can continue:

1. Compensated cirrhosis of the liver.
2. Liver damage caused by toxic substances and radiation.
3. Malignant tumors affecting the liver.
4. Renal failure.
5. Heart attack. Values ​​of gamma-glutamyltransferase increase only 3-4 days after the onset of the disease. But the increase in enzymes indicates the emerging positive dynamics in the myocardium and liver.
6. Diabetes.
7. Pancreatitis.
8. Oncological processes in the prostate gland.
9. Hyperthyroidism.
10. Obesity.

In addition to pathological conditions, the use of drugs such as:

• contraceptives on a hormonal basis;
• Phenobarbital and Phenytoin (for epilepsy);
• Rifampicin and other medicines to treat tuberculosis.

Symptoms at high values

An increase in GGTP can be indicated by symptoms that manifest themselves in a large number of diseases. By their presence, it is not possible to diagnose any of them.

Among the most likely:

• general weakness;
• pain and heaviness in the right hypochondrium;
• yellowness and itching of the skin.

These signs indicate the development of pathology and are the reason for conducting a biochemical blood test, followed by a diagnostic examination that helps to identify the cause of the symptoms.

How to decipher the results of the analysis

It is difficult for a person ignorant of medicine to understand what analysis means. Deciphering the indicators involves their consideration with the obligatory evaluation of other enzymes of the biochemical blood test.

This is explained by the fact that all processes in the body are accompanied by a simultaneous change in the values ​​of GGT, ALT, ALP, AST and other liver tests in the blood.

In order not to get lost in the abundance of numbers and indicators, it would be wiser to seek clarification from an experienced specialist. On the basis of laboratory data, he will be able to either make a diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment, or direct him for further research into the causes that caused negative manifestations.

Treatment

The fundamental principle of the normalization of indicators is the elimination of the disease, which is the root cause of their change.

Downgrade Methods

Among the ways to effectively influence the diseases that caused the increased rates are the following:

1. Treatment of cholestasis with drugs Ursosan, Urdox, Ursofalk.
2. Skin itching caused by difficulty in biliary excretion is eliminated by Rifampicin, Cholestyramine. Cholagogue drugs - Urolesan, Allochol, Decholin - are used to eliminate stagnation of the secret. However, it should be borne in mind that in case of cholelithiasis and acute hepatitis, these drugs are contraindicated.
3. The state of the liver is stabilized by Livolin, Rezalyut, Essentiale.

Refusal of alcohol also contributes to a decrease in GGTP.

Proper nutrition, which includes the exclusion from the diet of fatty, fried and spicy foods, as well as an active lifestyle, make it possible to lower the concentration of these enzymes in the blood.

Application of traditional medicine methods

Recipes from the piggy bank of folk remedies are used as an addition to the main therapeutic course.

The following have a positive impact:

1. An infusion of a medicinal collection, including yarrow, wormwood, immortelle and mint leaves, has been successfully used to treat cholecystitis and hepatitis. 1 st. spoon of each ingredient should be mixed and pour 200 ml of boiled water, leave for 20 minutes, then strain. Drink 50 ml before each meal.
2. An infusion of rhubarb roots, sandy immortelle and yarrow flowers is an effective remedy used for cholelithiasis. Prepared in the manner described in the first recipe. It is taken once a day, before going to bed, 30 ml.
3. Milk thistle decoction. In 250 ml of boiling water, immerse 1 tbsp. a spoonful of crushed plant roots. Boil covered over very low heat for 15 minutes. Then strain. Drink 3 times a day, 10 ml a quarter of an hour before meals for a month. This helps to activate the outflow of bile.

With a competent approach and the obligatory coordination of funds with the attending physician, infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs help to reduce GGTP levels.

For the purposes of prevention, it is recommended to regularly conduct a biochemical analysis to determine the concentration of gamma-glutamyl transferase. This will make it possible to timely identify possible pathological changes in the liver, gallbladder and pancreas and prevent the development of complications.

The timeliness of the correction of blood parameters and the functioning of all body systems depends on attentiveness to one's health.

Gamma glutamyltransferase is an enzyme that is actively involved in the synthesis of amino acids. GGT has a synonym - gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP). This substance has "zones of influence" in almost all vital organs. But its especially important role is manifested in the metabolism of amino acids: it acts as a catalyst for the gamma glutamyl peptide. The greatest presence in GGT is noted in the kidney, liver cells and pancreas.

The tissues and cells of the heart muscle, spleen, brain, all parts of the intestine, prostate contain the lowest concentration of this enzyme. The actual presence of GGT in kidney cells is 700 times greater than its amount in blood serum. In liver cells, it is 250-450 times more than in the blood. That is why gamma glutamyl transferase mainly reflects the state of all elements of the biliary system.

In order to diagnose diseases associated with the manifestation of such a symptom as jaundice, cholecystitis, cholangitis, indicators of ALT and AST enzymes were previously used. To date, the determination of the concentration of GGT is considered a more reliable result, since the change in the parameters of this enzyme is especially characteristic of the early stages of the disease. In cases of obstruction of the biliary ducts, both inside the liver and outside it, the jump in serum GGT activity is 10-30 times normal. In cases of infectious diseases of the liver, gamma glutamyl transferase is less informative than ALT and AST.

GGT is indispensable as an information source in neoplastic processes of the liver, both primary and secondary, due to its sensitivity in detecting oncology at an early stage. Malignant pathology of the pancreas always gives a situation when the level of the enzyme in the blood serum is increased by 15-20 times. This enzyme is also active in prostate tumors. Any drug intoxication, severe metabolic disorders with the manifestation of oxidative stress cause a rise in serum glutamyl transferase at times.

It is worth highlighting the special property of this enzyme as a superindicator in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver damage, alcohol intoxication, cirrhosis. Also, this enzyme is increased to high concentrations in people who are prone to drinking large amounts of alcohol, when taking potent drugs such as barbiturates, antibiotics of the cephalosparin group, estrogens.

Age and GGT level

In the study of this enzyme, information about the age of the patient is very important. The gender of the patient also matters. Normal GGT values:

1. In women of mature age, GGT is in the range of 5-40 units.
2. In men of mature age - 10-70 units.
3. At a young age of 12-18 years in girls, the GGT norm is not higher than 30-35 units.
4. In boys 12-18 years old - up to 45 units
5. At the age of less than 12 years, there is no difference between the sexes, since there is no production of hormones. The norm of this enzyme for children of this age is 15-17 units. From 3 to 6 years - 23 units. In the age category up to one year, the numbers can be high - up to 35 units. In newborns up to 6 months, GGT is kept at the level of 200 units, which is explained by the weak regulation of all systems of the infant's body.

Regardless of age and gender, the study takes into account how many times this analysis exceeds the norm. Serum GGT values ​​that are 50 times higher than normal confirm alcoholism. Moreover, the usual biochemical analyzes can be unchanged. Smokers who smoke more than two packs of cigarettes a day, obese people and those who lead a sedentary lifestyle can also increase this enzyme by up to 50%.

It is quite likely that a high level of GGT is not accompanied by any symptoms and the person feels quite healthy. All other examinations and analyzes are also unchanged. This may well be regarded as a temporary increase in enzymatic activity and may normalize itself. However, in cases where GGT is ten times higher than normal, it is necessary to establish the cause in consultation with a specialist.

Reasons for the increase in GGT activity

The most serious reasons why Gamma GT is elevated are:

1. Cholestasis (as the most common cause).
2. Neoplastic processes (malignant neoplasms).
3. Alcohol abuse.
4. Long-term use of large doses of drugs.
5. The phenomenon of cytolysis, causing necrosis of the liver cells.
6. Diseases of various organs, occurring in severe form and with severe intoxication.

cholestasis- the most common factor in the activation of gamma HT and the deterioration of the analysis. It is caused by the stagnation of bile, its excessive formation or the problem of its excretion into the intestines. The main causes of stagnation: transferred viral hepatitis, various kinds of cholangitis, cirrhosis of the liver or toxic damage. Of these, in the first place in terms of the number of recorded cases is alcohol and drug intoxication. The above factors are hepatic causes (that is, the processes occur in the liver area).

Extrahepatic cholestasis is possible when the duct is blocked by a stone. Sometimes the cause of cholestasis is obstruction by tumors in the ducts or compression of the common bile duct from the outside due to a cancerous lesion of the head of the pancreas or a neoplasm of the stomach. These cases are always confirmed by clinical symptoms: yellowish skin tone, itching. Biochemical analyzes show high cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and fatty acids.

cytolysis- the result of toxic systemic autoimmune lesions or infections of a viral nature, accompanied by the death of liver cells. At the same time, a lot of various enzymes, due to collapsing cell membranes, enter the bloodstream, including gamma GT. Toxins are often viruses, alcohol, drugs, or microorganisms that are antigens that cause negative effects in the liver, which produces antibodies. Bacteria secrete bacterial toxins that serve as a poison to liver cells.

Cytolysis can occur after poisoning with fungi of a harmful toadstool, as well as upon contact with chemicals in production, phenol derivatives, pesticides, arsenic.

Alcohol- the toxic effect of alcohol directly causes GGT stimulation. The amount of alcohol taken affects the degree of increase in the enzyme index. Clinical observations have proven that a ten-day refusal to take alcoholic beverages reduces the amount of gamma HT in the blood by 50%. The negative effect of alcohol is very significant, as fatty hypotosis and atrophy of the liver cells develop, leading to fatal alcoholic cirrhosis.

Medications. As a rule, a person taking any medication does not even suspect how hepatotoxic its action can be. The most detrimental to the liver are the following drugs:

• paracetamol, nimesulide, aspirin group drugs, diclofenac and other anti-inflammatory drugs;
• broad-spectrum antibiotics (tetracycline, levofloxacin, sulfonamides);
• medicines for the treatment of tuberculosis;
• hormones, including anabolic and sex hormones;
• anticonvulsants, sedatives and neuroleptics;
• antifungal medicines;
• anticancer (chemotherapy);
• drugs for anesthesia;
• cardiac drugs that have diuretic, hepatensive effects, as well as antianginal and anticoagulants.

Using one of the above drugs, it is necessary to use complex hepatoprotectors to restore liver cells.

The main requirement in preparing for the GGT test is to limit food for 12-15 hours before taking blood, excluding emotional and physical stress. It is also recommended not to smoke for an hour before sampling. Venous or capillary blood is taken for analysis. The study is carried out using kinetic colorimetry. A ready-made blood test for GGT can be interpreted by both a general practitioner and a narrow specialist (infectious disease specialist, hematologist, surgeon).