Whose last name is Linnik? Origin of the surname Linnik. What information does the surname Linnik store?

Those with the surname Linnik can certainly be proud of their surname as a monument of Russian history, culture and language.

The vast majority of Russian surnames are derived from Christian Orthodox names contained in the church calendar - the calendar. Religion required that the child be named after a legendary or historical figure revered by the church on a strictly defined day of the year. The Christian religion came to Rus' in the 10th century from Byzantium, which borrowed it from the Roman Empire, but it penetrated into Rome from the Middle East. Therefore, most personal names, that is, Christian names, are borrowed from Hebrew, Ancient Greek and Latin.

The family name Linnik was formed as a patronymic from the male baptismal name Lin. This name comes from the ancient Greek word “linos”, which means “sorrowful song”. In ancient Greek mythology, Lin is the brother of Orpheus, the greatest connoisseur of music. According to one legend, Apollo killed him because Lin dared to equal him in the art of singing.

The patron saint of the name is the Roman Bishop Linus - an apostle from seventy, the second Pope after the Apostle Peter. The saint died as a martyr - he was beheaded with a sword following the denunciation of Saturninus, whose daughter he freed from an evil spirit. Lin's body was buried in the Vatican near the tombs of the apostles Peter and Paul.

It is believed that when a surname is formed from the baptismal name of an ancestor, the saint’s intercession extends to the entire family.

In addition, there is an assumption that the generic name Linnik is a truncated form of the nickname Kalinnik. This surname was formed not from the name of the viburnum berry, as one might think, but from the personal name of the ancestor Kallinik and its derivative forms. The male name Kallinikos was a result of the merger of the Greek words “kallos” - beauty and “nik” - victory. Translated into Russian, this name means “majestic winner.”

According to another version, the surname Linnik has Jewish roots. In this case, the family name comes from the name of the village Linki.

In the Russian Empire, Jews began to be given surnames at the end of the 18th century - after the annexation of the western regions of Belarus. Then Catherine II “acquired,” along with the indicated territory, a huge number of Jews who historically did not have surnames, but only first names and patronymics. To find out the number of her subjects, as well as organize their conscription into the army, the Empress introduced population censuses, during which all Jews were given surnames - either by place of birth, residence, or by the name of one of their parents.

Since the process of forming surnames was quite long, at the moment it is difficult to talk about the exact place and time of the origin of the surname Linnik. However, we can say with confidence that it belongs to the oldest Russian family names.

Sources: Tupikov N.M., Dictionary of Old Russian personal names. Explanatory dictionary of V. Dahl, in 4 volumes. Petrovsky N.A., Dictionary of Russian personal names. Unbegaun B.O., Russian surnames.

The life and work of a war veteran, one of the most outstanding modern mathematicians, Academician Yuri Vladimirovich Linnik was closely connected with Leningrad University.

Yu. V. Linnik was born on January 8, 1915 in the city of Belaya Tserkov, Ukrainian SSR. His father, Vladimir Pavlovich Linnik, was a famous optical physicist and later an academician. In 1932, Yu. V. Linnik entered the physics department of Leningrad University. After the first three courses of the Faculty of Physics, he transferred to the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics, graduated from it in 1938 and was enrolled in graduate school. While still a student, Yu. V. Linnik began scientific work in the field of number theory and obtained significant results in the arithmetic of quadratic forms.

In 1939, Yu. V. Linnik was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army, where he served as a platoon commander until demobilization in 1940. In 1940, after defending his dissertation “Representation of large numbers by ternary quadratic forms “He was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. The doctorate was awarded by Yuri Vladimirovich at the age of 25! In 1940, the work of Yu. V. Linnik began at the Leningrad branch of the Mathematical Institute. V. A. Steklova of the USSR Academy of Sciences (LOMI), which then continued throughout his life.

In July 1941, Yu. V. Linnik volunteered for the People’s Militia and took part in the battles on the Pulkovo Heights. In the fall of 1941, sick with dystrophy, Yuri Vladimirovich was demobilized and evacuated to Kazan, where the Mathematical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences was then located. From 1944 until his death in 1972, Yu. V. Linnik worked as a professor at Leningrad State University. In 1944 he was awarded the Leningrad University Prize for outstanding work on the analytical theory of numbers, and in 1947 - the State Prize. In the same year, the first publications of Yu. V. Lirnik on probability theory appeared; in 1948, on the initiative of Yuri Vladimirovich, the Department of Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics of Leningrad State University was founded.

In the field of probability theory and mathematical statistics, Yu. V. Linnik has outstanding scientific results. He conducted research on limit theorems for sums of independent random variables and for Markov chains, developed new methods for proving limit theorems for the probabilities of large deviations of sums of independent random variables when the Cramer condition is violated, and obtained solutions to a number of characterization problems in mathematical statistics .

Yu. V. Linnik founded a scientific school in the field of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Almost all Leningrad specialists dealing with this issue are either students of Yuri Vladimirovich or students of his students. Many students of Yu. V. Linnik, in turn, were the creators of famous mathematical schools. Among them are academicians of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences I.P. Kubilius and V.A. Statulyavichus, academician of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences A. Renyi. Yu. V. Linnik devoted a lot of time and attention to his students, generously sharing ideas with them.

Yu. V. Linnik had a great influence on the development of scientific research in probability theory and mathematical statistics in Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, and India, having many years of fruitful scientific contacts with specialists from these countries. In addition to these countries, he gave lectures and made presentations in the USA, Sweden, Austria, Poland, Finland, England, France, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and Australia. The scientific work of Yu. V. Linnik has received wide international recognition; his books have been translated into several languages. Yuri Vladimirovich was a full member of the International Statistical Institute, a foreign member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, and an honorary doctor of the University of Paris. In 1953, Yu. V. Linnik was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1964 - an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1970, he was awarded the Lenin Prize and the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Yu. V. Linnik devoted a lot of energy to fulfilling his civic and public duties. From the founding of the Leningrad Mathematical Society in 1959 until 1965, Yuri Vladimirovich was its president. For a number of years, Yu. V. Linnik was a deputy of the Leningrad City Council. As a member of the editorial board of several mathematical conferences, Yu. V. Linnik paid great attention to editorial and publishing activities. In addition to 242 scientific publications, Yuri Vladimirovich published a number of popular articles; he was an editor and translator of many monographs.

With the extraordinary intensity of scientific creativity, Yu. V. Linnik combined a great breadth of interests, striking with his versatile erudition. He read a lot, was keenly interested in poetry, memoirs, and military history, spoke seven languages, and wrote poetry in several languages. The main work of Yu. V. Linnik’s life was mathematics.

Barabanov V.F. They fought for the Motherland: University students during the war and post-war years. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Publishing House, 1992. pp. 64-65.

Surname.

Is of Ukrainian or Belarusian origin. In some cases, the bearers of such surnames were Jews living in the territory of Ukraine or Belarus. There is an assumption that the surname Linnik comes from “lennik”. This is how in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Samogitia they called a landless nobleman (vassal), who received from a magnate (suzerain) a small estate in fief, (lifelong) possession, as payment for his service. .

Known media

• Linnik, Alexey Vasilyevich (born 1920) - Soviet military leader, lieutenant general, head of KVIRTU air defense from 1974 to 1979.
• Linnik, Viktor Alekseevich (born 1944) - Soviet journalist, Russian publicist and publisher.
• Linnik, Vladimir Pavlovich (1889-1984) - Soviet optician, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939).
• Linnik, Irina Yuryevna (born 1959) - paleontologist, granddaughter of academician Vladimir Linnik.
• Linnik, Leonid Andreevich (1927-2012) - Ukrainian ophthalmologist.
• Linnik, Mikhail Vasilievich (1910-1944) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Linnik, Mikhail Nikiforovich (1916-?) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Linnik, Pavel Dmitrievich (1916-1944) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Linnik Svetlana Vladimirovna (born 1965) is the wife of Dmitry Medvedev.
• Linnik, Yuri Vladimirovich (1914/15-1972) - Soviet mathematician.
• Linnik, Yuri Vladimirovich (born 1944) - Russian writer and cosmist philosopher.

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Excerpt characterizing Linnik

A rumor immediately spread throughout St. Petersburg, not that Helen wanted to divorce her husband (if this rumor had spread, many would have rebelled against such an illegal intention), but a rumor directly spread that the unfortunate, interesting Helen was at a loss about which of the two should she marry? The question was no longer to what extent this was possible, but only which party was more profitable and how the court would look at it. There were indeed some stubborn people who did not know how to rise to the heights of the question and saw in this plan a desecration of the sacrament of marriage; but there were few of them, and they were silent, the majority were interested in questions about the happiness that befell Helen, and which choice was better. They didn’t talk about whether it was good or bad to marry a living husband, because this question, obviously, had already been decided for people smarter than you and me (as they said) and to doubt the correctness of the solution to the question meant risking showing one’s stupidity and inability live in the light.
Only Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova, who came to St. Petersburg this summer to visit one of her sons, allowed herself to directly express her opinion, which was contrary to the public opinion. Having met Helen at the ball, Marya Dmitrievna stopped her in the middle of the hall and, amid general silence, said to her in her rough voice:
“You started getting married here from your living husband.” Perhaps you think that you invented this new thing? You've been warned, mother. It was invented a long time ago. In all......they do it this way. - And with these words, Marya Dmitrievna, with the usual menacing gesture, rolling up her wide sleeves and looking sternly, walked through the room.
Marya Dmitrievna, although they were afraid of her, was looked at in St. Petersburg as a cracker and therefore, of the words spoken by her, they noticed only a rude word and repeated it in a whisper to each other, assuming that this word contained all the salt of what was said.

The surname Linnik has a rather interesting history of origin and belongs to a common type of Anglo-Scottish surnames.

Individual settlers from the British Isles began to arrive in Russia at the very end of the 16th century. In addition to English merchants, mercenary soldiers from Scotland also came, having fled their homeland for religious or other reasons. Later, mainly in the 19th century, the colony of British immigrants was replenished with specialists in various fields of technology, managers, and merchants from all over Great Britain.

The surname Linnik most likely goes back to the word linn, which translated from English means “waterfall, pond.” Obviously, the ancestor of the owner of this surname lived not far from some body of water.

The meaning of the surname Linnik

There are other, less plausible options for interpreting the etymology of this surname. Perhaps the surname Linnik is based on the verb “to shed” - “to lose hair.” Accordingly, the nickname Linnik could have been given to a person suffering from hair loss.

A connection with the verb “linut” - “to cling, stick” cannot be ruled out. In this case, Linnik could be nicknamed a flattering, helpful person.

It is less likely, but theoretically possible, that this surname Linnik is derived from the name of the fish tench.

What information does the surname Linnik store?

Some researchers believe that the surname Linnik came from the male name Kalinnik by truncation of the first syllable.

According to one theory, the surname Linnik was formed from the truncated word “dlinnik”. It was a whip that was used to punish criminals in Rus'. Hence the term - true truth, that is, under a long whip you can tell everything.

There is a version that the surname Linnik comes from the title “lennik”. In the Grand Duchy of Russia, Lithuania and Samogitia, this was the name given to a landless or small nobleman who received from his overlord a plot of land as fief, that is, lifelong ownership, often together with the peasants living on it. In the reports and censuses of those times there are entries like: “village Ivanovka, Lennik - Babak, souls - so many.”

On the lands of the Russian Principality, where they spoke a language not much different from modern Ukrainian, the word “lennik” was pronounced “lennyk”, which is very difficult to pronounce and dissonant. Over time, “lennyk” turned into “linnyka”, and in Great Russian pronunciation, respectively, into “linnik”.

This interpretation also explains the origin of double surnames, one of which is Linnik. Most likely, these are the descendants of the “lenniks”, moreover, who lived on the right bank of Ukraine or in the south of Belarus, that is, on those lands that in the 13-15th centuries. constituted the Russian Principality. Entries in documents such as “Lennik-Vyushko” eventually migrated to passports, not without the efforts of their bearers, who wanted to preserve the memory of their high-born origin, although by the end of the 19th century the overwhelming majority of “Lennik-Linniks” were peasants or bourgeois.

The meaning of the surname Linnik

According to one theory, the surname Linnik comes from the name of an ancient instrument of torture used in Rus'. “Linnik” is a wooden block (or a wooden product) to which a guilty person was tied and dragged along the ground with the help of a horse. Thus, the person seemed to “molt.”