An inconsistent definition is expressed by a phrase in a sentence. Agreed and inconsistent definition. Inconsistent definitions - infinitives

If the main members of the sentence are the basis, then the secondary ones are accuracy, beauty and imagery. Particular attention should be paid to definitions.

Definition as a member of a sentence

The definition refers to a word with an objective meaning and characterizes a sign, quality, property of an object that the word being defined answers the questions: “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, “which?” and their case forms. There are agreed and inconsistent definitions in Russian.

For example, “I loved watching the big beautiful white bird.”

The defined word is “bird”. From him the question is posed: “which one?”

A bird (what?) large, beautiful, white.

Definitions in this sentence characterize an object according to the following characteristics: size, appearance, color.

Definitions "big, beautiful"- agreed upon, and " white"– inconsistent. How do agreed definitions differ from inconsistent ones?

Definitions " big, beautiful" – agreed, they change when the defined word changes, that is, they agree with it in gender, number, case:

bird (what?) big, beautiful;
bird (what?) big, beautiful;
a bird (what kind?) big, beautiful.

Definition "white"– inconsistent. It will not change if you change the main word:

bird (what?) white;
birds (what?) are white;
a bird (what?) is white;
bird (what?) white;
about a bird (what?) white.

Therefore, it can be concluded that this is an inconsistent definition. So, we have found out how agreed definitions differ from inconsistent ones. The former change when the main word changes, while the latter do not change.

Inconsistent definitions with the meaning of the material from which the object is made

Inconsistent members of a sentence are never expressed by adjectives, participles, or consistent pronouns. They are most often expressed by nouns with and without prepositions and have different meanings of the attribute of the subject. One of these meanings is “the material from which the object is made.”

Inconsistent definitions with the meaning of the purpose of the item

Very often it is necessary to indicate why an object exists, then inconsistent definitions are used that mean “the purpose of the object.”

Inconsistent definitions with the meaning of the accompanying subject attribute

If it is said that something is present or something is absent from the subject of speech, then inconsistent definitions with the meaning “accompanying subject attribute” are usually used.

Inconsistent definitions with the meaning of item ownership

Inconsistent definitions are widely used in the language, expressing the belonging of an object or, more precisely, the relationship of an object to another object.

Distinguishing inconsistent definitions and additions

Since inconsistent definitions are expressed by nouns, the problem of distinguishing between definitions and additions arises. Supplements are also expressed by nouns in indirect cases and are not formally different from inconsistent definitions. It is only possible to distinguish between these minor members from a syntax point of view. It is therefore necessary to consider ways to distinguish between inconsistent definitions and additions.

Complements refer to verbs, gerunds, participles, and definitions refer to nouns, pronouns indicating the subject.
For additions we pose questions of indirect cases, and for definitions we pose questions “which?”, “whose?”

Inconsistent definitions - pronouns

Possessive pronouns can act as inconsistent definitions. In such cases, questions are posed: “whose?”, “whose?”, “whose?”, “whose?” and their case forms. Let us give examples of inconsistent definitions expressed by possessive pronouns.

IN her a light came on in the window (in whose window?).

His my friend didn’t come (whose friend?).

IN their the garden had the most delicious apples (in whose garden?).

Inconsistent definitions - adjectives in the simple comparative degree

If a sentence contains an adjective in the simple comparative degree, then it is an inconsistent definition. It denotes a feature of an object that is expressed to a greater or lesser extent than in some other object. Let us give examples of inconsistent definitions expressed by an adjective in the simple comparative degree.

Grandfather built himself a house better ours.

Society is divided into people cleverer me and those who are not interesting to me.

Everyone wants a piece more than others.

Inconsistent definitions - adverbs

Often adverbs act as inconsistent definitions; in such cases they have the meaning of a characteristic in quality, direction, place, method of action. We look at sentences with inconsistent definitions, examples with adverbs.

Let's listen to the opinion of your neighbor (which one?) left.

The closet was small with a door (what kind?) outward.

The room was bright with a window (what kind?) against.

Inconsistent definitions - infinitives

The infinitive can be an inconsistent definition for nouns that have abstract concepts: desire, joy, need and the like. We look at sentences with inconsistent definitions, examples with infinitives.

Everyone would understand my desire (what?) capture these magical pictures.

The need (what kind?) lives ineradicably in the heart. be in love anyone.

The division will perform a task (what?) take height on the right bank of the Dnieper.

Everyone should experience joy (what kind?) feel yourself as a human being.

She had a habit (what?) talk with someone invisible.

Isolation of inconsistent definitions in the Russian language

Separating inconsistent definitions in writing with commas depends on the position taken and their prevalence. Inconsistent definitions that stand directly behind the word being defined - a common noun - are not prone to isolation.

At the back of the garden there was a long barn (what kind?) from boards.

The old woman served sour cream in a bowl (what kind?) with broken edge.

Girl (what?) in a blue dress stood at the entrance to the park, waiting for someone.

In the park (which one?) with cleanly swept alleys it was empty and boring.

Desire (what?) survive at all costs owned him all the time.

Inconsistent definitions that appear after the main word - a common noun - are isolated only if it is necessary to give it special semantic significance. Let's consider isolated inconsistent definitions (examples).

In the same jacket , from gray wool, she left the room as if the whole year of separation had never happened.

This vase , with a broken neck, I remember from childhood.

If inconsistent definitions appear before the word being defined, they are most often separated. Such definitions acquire an additional circumstantial connotation of meaning.

In a long elegant dress, the sister seemed taller and more mature.

In a long skirt and bare arms, a girl stands on stage and sings something in a thin voice.

Inconsistent definitions are always separated if they refer to a personal pronoun and a proper name. Let's consider isolated inconsistent definitions (examples).

She, with braids to the waist, went out into the middle of the room and looked for me with her eyes.

Marya Ivanovna , in a white starched blouse, loudly called the servants and told the girl who came to remove the scattered things.

It (the sun) with red-orange rim, hung very low from the horizon.

Practical task in OGE format

Among the exam tasks there is one that requires knowledge of inconsistent definitions. To complete such a task, you need to find a sentence that has an inconsistent definition. Next is a text with numbered sentences, among which you need to find the one you need.

Example 1: Find a sentence with an inconsistent common definition.

1) The room was quiet, and for a long time neither the boy nor the man broke the silence.

2) After some time, the father suddenly said:

3) Listen, Timur! 4) Do you want me to buy you a dog? 5) Shepherd dog with a black stripe on its back.

Example 2: Find a sentence with an inconsistent isolated definition.

1) Mother stood very close to Nadezhda.

2) She came in from the street.

3) In a raincoat and a white robe, she seemed different to Nadya than she was two months ago.

4) And Nadezhda, not yet coming to her senses, looked at her mother for three seconds, not recognizing her.

5) She saw several new wrinkles spreading from the wings of her nose to the corners of her lips.

6) Only the mother’s gaze remained the same, the same as Nadezhda wore in her heart.

Example 3: Find a sentence with an inconsistent non-isolated definition.

1) She was beaming with joy.

2) Today they called her mother.

3) Didn’t all the neighbors hear this girl with dark hair screaming:

5) The girl understood why her aunt was happy.

6) Only she herself still didn’t understand whether she was calling her.

§3. Definition. Agreed and inconsistent definition. Application

A definition is a minor member of a sentence, which depends on the subject, complement or circumstance, defines the attribute of the subject and answers the questions: which one? which? whose?

The definition can apply to words of different parts of speech: nouns and words formed from adjectives or participles by transitioning to another part of speech, as well as pronouns.

Agreed and non-agreed definition

An agreed definition is a definition for which the type of syntactic connection between the main and dependent words is agreement. For example:

A dissatisfied girl was eating chocolate ice cream on the open terrace.

(girl (what?) dissatisfied, ice cream (what?) chocolate, on the terrace (what?) open)

Agreed definitions are expressed by adjectives that agree with the words being defined - nouns in gender, number and case.

The agreed definitions are expressed:

1) adjectives: dear mother, beloved grandmother;

2) participles: laughing boy, bored girl;

3) pronouns: my book, this boy;

4) ordinal numbers: the first of September, by the eighth of March.

But the definition may not be consistent. This is the name of a definition associated with the word being defined by other types of syntactic connections:

management

adjoining

Inconsistent management-based definition:

Mom's book was on the nightstand.

Wed: mom's book - mom's book

(mom’s book is an agreed upon definition, type of connection: coordination, and mom’s book is inconsistent, type of connection: management)

Inconsistent definition based on adjacency:

I want to buy her a more expensive gift.

Wed: a more expensive gift - an expensive gift

(a more expensive gift is an inconsistent definition, the type of connection is adjacency, and an expensive gift is an agreed definition, the type of connection is coordination)

Inconsistent definitions also include definitions expressed by syntactically indivisible phrases and phraseological units.

A five-story shopping center was built opposite.

Wed: center with five floors - five-story center

(a center with five floors is an uncoordinated definition, the type of communication is management, and a five-story center is an agreed definition, the type of communication is coordination)

A girl with blue hair entered the room.

(girl with blue hair - inconsistent definition, type of connection - control.)

Different parts of speech can act as an inconsistent definition:

1) noun:

The bus stop has been moved.

(bus - noun)

2) adverb:

Grandma cooked the meat in French.

(in French - adverb)

3) verb in an indefinite form:

She had a knack for listening.

(listen is an infinitive verb)

4) comparative degree of an adjective:

He always chooses the easier path, and she always chooses the more difficult tasks.

(easier, harder comparative degree of adjectives)

5) pronoun:

Her story touched me.

(ee – possessive pronoun)

6) syntactically indivisible phrase

Application

A special type of definition is application. An application is a definition expressed by a noun that agrees with the word being defined in case.

Applications denote various characteristics of the subject, which are expressed by a noun: age, nationality, profession, etc.:

I love my little sister.

A group of Japanese tourists lived in the hotel with me.

A variety of applications are geographical names, names of enterprises, organizations, printed publications, works of art. The latter form inconsistent applications. Let's compare examples:

I saw the embankment of the Sukhona River.

(Sukhony is a consistent application, the words river and Sukhona are in the same case.)

My son read the fairy tale “Cinderella”.

(“Cinderella” is an inconsistent application, the words fairy tale and “Cinderella” are in different cases

Definition (syntax)

This term has other meanings, see Definition.

Definition(or attribute) - in syntax, a minor member of a sentence, denoting a sign, quality, property of an object. Usually expressed as an adjective or participle. Answers the questions: Which? which? which? which? which? whose? whose? whose? whose? When parsing a sentence, it is underlined with a wavy line.

Classification

Definitions can be associated with nouns by means of agreement ( agreed definitions) and methods of control and connection ( inconsistent definitions).

Agreed Definitions

They agree with the defined member in form (case, number and gender in singular), are expressed by adjectives, participles, ordinal numbers, pronouns.

« Large trees grow near paternal house"
"IN our no class lagging behind students"
"He decides this task second hour"
“The bright sun was shining in my eyes. »

In modern Russian, the agreed definition in a sentence most often precedes the defined name (see the above examples). The reverse order (the agreed definition follows the defined name) is acceptable, but is used, as a rule, in special cases:

in traditionally established proper names and special terms: “Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky", "Ivan Great", "Name noun", "heather ordinary»;
in poetic works, the order of words of which is influenced by the requirements of form (meter, rhyme, etc.):

Baron in monastery sad
However, I was pleased with fate,
Pastors flattery funeral ,
coat of arms tombs feudal
AND epitaph bad .

A. S. Pushkin. Message to Delvig

Inconsistent definitions

They do not agree with the word being defined and are expressed by nouns in indirect cases, comparative degrees of adjectives, adverbs, infinitives, and subordinate clauses.

"The leaves rustled birch trees»
"He liked the evenings at grandma's house»
"Choose your fabric more fun with a picture»
“They gave me eggs for breakfast. soft-boiled»
“They were united by desire see you»
"House where I live»

In Russian, inconsistent definitions in a sentence almost always follow the name being defined; exceptions occur only in poetic works:

Yes, I remembered, although not without sin,
From the Aeneid two verses.
He rummage didn't have hunting
In chronological dust
History of the earth:
But days gone by jokes
From Romulus to the present day
He kept it in his memory.

A. S. Pushkin. Eugene Onegin

Separate definition: examples. Sentences with separate definitions: examples

If people did not decorate their speech with additional definitions or clarifying circumstances, it would be uninteresting and dull. The entire population of the planet would speak in a business or official style, there would be no fiction books, and children would not have fairy tale characters waiting for them before bed.

It is the isolated definition found in it that colors speech. Examples can be found both in simple colloquial speech and in fiction.

Definition concept

A definition is part of a sentence and describes a feature of an object. It answers the questions “what, s, s?”, defining the object or “whose, s, s?”, indicating its belonging to someone.

Most often, adjectives perform the defining function, for example:

kind (what?) heart;
gold (what?) nugget;
bright (what?) appearance;
old (what?) friends.

In addition to adjectives, pronouns can be definitions in a sentence, indicating that an object belongs to a person:

the boy took (whose?) his briefcase;
Mom irons (whose?) her blouse;
my brother sent (whose?) my friends home;
my father watered (whose?) my tree.

In a sentence, the definition is underlined by a wavy line and always refers to the subject expressed by a noun or other part of speech. This part of a sentence can consist of one word or be combined with other words dependent on it. In this case, these are sentences with separate definitions. Examples:

"Joyful, she reported the news." In this sentence, the single adjective is isolated.
“The garden, overgrown with weeds, was in a deplorable state.” A separate definition is the participial phrase.

“Satisfied with her son’s success, my mother secretly wiped away her tears of joy.” Here, an adjective with dependent words is a separate definition.

Examples in the sentence show that different parts of speech can be a definition of the quality of an object or its belonging.

Separate definitions

Definitions that provide additional information about an item or clarify its belonging to a person are considered separate. The meaning of the sentence will not change if a separate definition is removed from the text. Examples:

“Mom carried the child, who had fallen asleep on the floor, into his crib” - “Mom carried the child into his crib.”

"Excited about her first performance, the girl closed her eyes before going on stage" - "The girl closed her eyes before going on stage."

As you can see, sentences with separate definitions, examples of which are given above, sound more interesting, since additional explanation conveys the state of the object.

Separate definitions can be consistent or inconsistent.

Agreed Definitions

Definitions that agree with the word whose quality is determined in case, gender and number are called consistent. In the proposal they can be presented:

adjective - a (what?) yellow leaf fell from a tree;
pronoun – (whose?) my dog got off the leash;
numeral - give him (what?) a second chance;
communion - in the front garden one could see (what?) green grass.

A separate definition has the same properties in relation to the word being defined. Examples:

“Briefly said (what?), his speech made an impression on everyone.” The participle “said” is in the feminine, singular, nominative case, like the word “speech” that it modifies.
“We went out into the street (which one?), still wet from the rain.” The adjective “wet” has the same number, gender and case as the word it defines, “street”.
“People (what kind?), joyful from the upcoming meeting with the actors, entered the theater.” Since the word being defined is in the plural and nominative case, the definition agrees with it in this.

A separate agreed definition (examples have shown this) can appear either before or after the word being defined, or in the middle of a sentence.

Inconsistent definition

When the definition does not change in gender and number according to the main word, it is inconsistent. They are associated with the defined word in 2 ways:

Adjunction is a combination of stable word forms or an unchangeable part of speech. For example: “He likes (what kind of) soft-boiled eggs.”
Control is the setting of the definition in the case required by the word being defined. They often indicate a feature based on the material, the purpose or location of the item. For example: “the girl sat on a chair (what?) made of wood.”

Several parts of speech may express inconsistent separate definitions. Examples:

A noun in the instrumental or prepositional case with the prepositions “s” or “in”. Nouns can be either single or with dependent words - Asya met Olya (which one?) after the exam, in chalk, but pleased with the grade. (“in chalk” is an inconsistent definition expressed by a noun in the prepositional case).
A verb in an indefinite form that answers the question “what?”, “what to do?”, “what to do?”. There was one great joy in Natasha’s life (what?) - giving birth to a child.
Comparative degree of adjective with dependent words. From afar, we noticed a friend in a dress (what?), brighter than she usually wears.

Each separate definition, examples confirm this, may differ in its structure.

Definition structure

According to their structure, definitions can consist of:

from a single word, for example, delighted grandfather;
adjective or participle with dependent words - grandfather, delighted with the news;
from several separate definitions - a grandfather, delighted with the news he told.

The isolation of definitions depends on which defined word they refer to and where exactly they are located. Most often they are distinguished by intonation and commas, less often by dashes (for example, the greatest success (which one?) is to hit the jackpot in the lottery).

Separating the participle

The most popular isolated definition, examples of which are most common, is a single participle (participial phrase). With this type of definition, commas are placed if it comes after the word that defines.

The girl (what?), frightened, silently walked forward. In this example, the participle defines the state of the object and comes after it, so it is separated on both sides by commas.
The painting (which one?), painted in Italy, became his favorite creation. Here, the participle with a dependent word highlights the object and stands after the word being defined, therefore it is also separated by commas.

If the participle or participial phrase comes before the word being defined, then punctuation marks are not placed:

The frightened girl silently walked forward.
The painting, painted in Italy, became his favorite creation.

You should know about the formation of participles in order to use such a separate definition. Examples, suffixes in the formation of participles:

when creating a real participle in the present. tense from the verb of the 1st conjugation, the suffix is written – ush – yusch (thinks – thinking, write – writers);
when created in the present day. tense of the active participle 2 sp., use –ash-yasch (smoke – smoking, sting – stinging);
in the past tense, active participles are formed using the suffix -вш (wrote - wrote, spoke - spoke);
Passive participles are created with the addition of the suffixes -nn-enn in the past tense (invented - invented, offended - offended) and -em, -om-im and -t in the present (led - led, loved - loved).

In addition to the participle, the adjective is just as common.

Isolation of an adjective

Single or dependent adjectives are distinguished in the same way as participles. If a separate definition (examples and rules are similar to a participle) appears after the word being defined, then a comma is placed, but if before, then not.

The morning, gray and foggy, was not conducive to a walk. (The gray and foggy morning was not conducive to a walk).

An angry mother can remain silent for several hours. (An angry mother can remain silent for several hours).

Isolation with a defined personal pronoun

When a participle or adjective refers to a pronoun, they are separated by a comma, regardless of where they are located:

Frustrated, she went into the yard.
They, tired, went straight to bed.
He, red with embarrassment, kissed her hand.

When a defined word is separated by other words, the isolated definition (examples from fiction demonstrate this) is also separated by commas. For example, “Suddenly the whole steppe shook and, engulfed in a dazzling blue light, expanded (M. Gorky).

Other definitions

A separate definition (examples, rules below) can convey meaning by relationship or profession, then they are also separated by commas. For example:

The professor, a handsome young man, looked at his new applicants.

Mom, in her usual robe and apron, has not changed at all this year.

In such constructions, isolated definitions carry additional messages about the object.

The rules seem complicated at first glance, but if you understand their logic and practice, the material will be well absorbed.

What is a stand-alone inconsistent definition?

Inconsistent definitions, expressed by indirect cases of nouns (usually with a preposition), are isolated if the meaning they express is emphasized: Officers, in new frock coats, white gloves and shiny epaulets, paraded along the streets and boulevards. Inconsistent definitions can also appear before the noun being defined: In a white tie, in a smart coat wide open, with a string of stars and crosses on a gold chain in the loop of his tailcoat, the general was returning from dinner, alone. Usually such inconsistent definitions are isolated:
if they refer to one’s own name: Sasha Berezhnova, in a silk dress, with a cap on the back of her head and a shawl, was sitting on the sofa; Fair-haired, with a curly head, without a hat and with his shirt unbuttoned on his chest, Dymov seemed handsome and extraordinary;
if they refer to a personal pronoun: I am surprised that you, with your kindness, do not feel this;
if separated from the word being defined by some other members of the sentence: After dessert, everyone moved to the buffet, where, in a black dress, with a black net on her head, Caroline sat and watched with a smile as they looked at her;
if they form a series of homogeneous members with preceding or subsequent isolated agreed definitions: I saw a man, wet, in rags, with a long beard.
Inconsistent definitions are often isolated when naming persons by degree of relationship, profession, position held, and so on, since due to the significant specificity of such nouns, the definition serves the purpose of an additional message: Grandfather, in his grandmother’s jacket, in an old cap without a visor, squints, smiling at something.
Isolation of an inconsistent definition can serve as a means of deliberately separating a given phrase from a neighboring predicate, to which it could be related in meaning and syntactically, and attributing it to the subject: Women, with long rakes in their hands, wander in the field.
Inconsistent definitions are isolated, expressed by a phrase with the form of the comparative degree of the adjective (often the defined noun is preceded by an agreed definition): A force stronger than his will threw him out of there.
In the absence of a previous agreed definition, the inconsistent definition expressed by the comparative degree of the adjective is not isolated: But at another time there was no more active person than him.
Inconsistent definitions, expressed by the indefinite form of the verb, are isolated and separated with the help of a dash, in front of which the words can be placed without prejudice to the meaning, namely: I came to you with pure motives, with the only desire - to do good! If such a definition is in the middle of a sentence, then it is highlighted with a dash on both sides: Each of them decided this question - to leave or to stay - for themselves, for their loved ones. But if, according to the conditions of the context, there should be a comma after the definition, then the second dash is usually omitted: Since there was only one choice left - to lose the army and Moscow or Moscow alone, the field marshal had to choose the latter

Lika Asakova

Isolation is highlighting in writing with punctuation marks, and in oral speech with intonation.
Inconsistent definitions are a minor member of a sentence that answers the question: Which one? Whose? , is emphasized in the sentence with a wavy line. Inconsistent definitions are associated with the main word according to the method of control or adjacency. For example: a staircase (which one?) to the attic. To the attic - inconsistent definition.
Naval pasta is also an inconsistent definition. Navy borscht is an agreed definition (it has the same gender, number and case as the main word). Inconsistent definitions can also be expressed by syntactically indivisible phrases. for example: Our athletes are high-class players. High-class players are an inconsistent definition.
For your information, a participial figure of speech is an agreed upon definition.

Common consensus definition

An agreed definition is a definition associated with the defined noun by the method of agreement (when the dependent word takes the same gender, number and case as the main word). The agreed definition is expressed by adjectives, participles, pronominal adjectives and ordinal numbers, for example: green tea, running man, my dad, fifth column. An inconsistent definition is a definition associated with the word being explained by the method of control or adjacency, expressed by nouns in indirect cases, adverbs and other parts of speech: city streets, checkered paper, promise to come.

A common definition is one that has dependent words, for example: a person running after a bus, a promise to come today. A standalone definition is a definition that is distinguished by punctuation marks.

An example of an agreed upon common isolated definition is a participial phrase, separated by commas: I don’t feel sorry for the years wasted in vain (Yesenin). Will I fall, pierced by an arrow (Pushkin). Along the dusty road leading to the gardens were creaking carts filled with black grapes (L. Tolstoy)

Kostya is ordinary

Pasha Shulepov

The Russian language is incredibly rich and colorful. With its help you can convey complex ideas, emotions and images. The most powerful linguistic tools for a detailed and informative description of existence, undoubtedly, include consistent and inconsistent definitions. Examples of their use are found throughout speech and writing.

Despite the fact that definitions are secondary members of a sentence, they often play a primary role, becoming carriers of the main meaning. In addition, without them the tongue becomes poorer and drier. Colors, sounds, smells, shapes and other signs of all kinds of objects and events that are so well described by agreed upon and inconsistent definitions leave it.

Terms

Definitions are words and phrases that answer the questions “whose?”, “which?”, “which?”. They are secondary members in a sentence; they reveal various signs of phenomena and objects (taste, shape, color, etc.). Definitions are expressed in several parts and syntactically always depend on the main word. When parsing, they need to be marked with a wavy line.

There are agreed and inconsistent definitions. Examples of their use will be given below. There are also special definitions - applications. They are always consistent with the main word and are expressed by nouns. Often definitions are highlighted in writing. Punctuation marks denote a more significant semantic role, which play separate agreed and inconsistent definitions. Let's take a closer look at them.

Agreed Definitions

This type completely coincides with the defined word in case, gender, and number. The type of syntactic connection between them is agreement. Examples:

“A beautiful doll was lying on the shelf”: what kind of doll? - beautiful, both words are singular, nominative and feminine.
“We looked at the water of the streams flowing into the pond”: what streams? - falling, linguistic units have a plural, genitive case.
“He hit his legs with a steel bucket”: with what kind of bucket? - steel, both words have units. number, instrumental case and environment. genus.

Expressed as:

Single and common participles: “guests who have arrived,” “a thought that prevents you from sleeping.”
Ordinal or cardinal numbers: “the seventh of November”, “I live with one dream.”
Single and common adjectives: “funny story”, “woods dear to me from childhood”.
Pronouns: “this night”, “my kitten”.

Agreed definitions can be common or single. They can refer to nouns, pronouns, substantive words, i.e. an adjective that has become a noun (living room, scientist).

Separating agreed definitions

Common definitions expressed by a participle or an adjective with words dependent on them (participial or adjectival phrase) appearing after the defined noun are isolated:

Her face, red from the frost, seemed very cute to me.

The person who delivered the bad news has already disappeared.

Instead of a noun, a qualified word can also serve pronominal noun or numeral:

In the light of the lantern, something blocking our path turned out to be a fallen tree.

The two who tried to escape were also here.

Definitions of this type are not isolated if the defined noun in this sentence Not carries quite a pronounced meaning and needs to be defined:

He took on the appearance of a man saddened by something.

Also, common definitions that appear after the word being defined are not isolated if their meaning is connected not only with the subject, but also with the predicate, thereby performing two functions - attributive and predicative:

He stood motionless for a couple more minutes.

If such a double bond is not formed, then the definition is isolated:

I walked, busy with my thoughts, and did not immediately recognize him.

The connection with the predicate is also observed in agreed definitions relating to minor members of the sentence. Sometimes this connection is strong enough, sometimes not; in the first case, the definitions are isolated, in the second - not:

Just yesterday I saw her, completely healthy. - He sat ready to take off and go.

Two or more uncommon definitions appearing after the word being defined are distinguished:

The evening came, calm, quiet, cool.

However, the separation of two uncommon definitions is only necessary if there is another definition in front of the word being defined:

Tomorrow will be a wild day, busy and fast. - A gray-haired and stocky man sat down on a bench.

A single circumstance, standing after the word being defined, is isolated in the case when it indicates a state, reason, etc.:

He finally arrived, calm as always.

The common definition, separated from the defined noun by other members of the sentence, is also isolated: And again, having haunted us all day, this man appeared. (cf. The man who had been chasing us all day appeared again)

A single definition standing immediately before the defined noun is isolated if, in addition to the attributive meaning, it also carries an adverbial meaning (causal, conditional, concessive):

Frustrated, I did not notice that we had arrived.

Definitions related to personal pronouns are separated, because Such definitions always have an additional adverbial meaning:

He turned red with anger and walked out.

Separating inconsistent definitions

The isolation of inconsistent definitions is associated with the degree of their prevalence (the number of words dependent on them included in the isolated group), the lexical meaning of the word being defined, as well as the context.

Definitions expressed in indirect cases of nouns (usually with prepositions) are separated if they contain, in addition to the main one, an additional message:

The doctor, with a scalpel in his hands, approached the table.

Most often, inconsistent definitions expressed by a noun are isolated prepositional case:

1. With a proper name; since it points to a fairly definite object, the definition has the character of an additional feature: Paphnutius, looking sleepy, left the room.

2. With a noun indicating the degree of relationship, profession, position, etc.: The father, with his sleeves rolled up, was again sitting in the office.

3. With personal pronouns, which are specified in context: He, wearing a new shirt, came in with a terribly pleased look.

4. When combined as homogeneous members with separate agreed definitions: A guy came in, cheerful, with a bouquet of flowers, all radiant.

Usually, common inconsistent definitions are isolated, expressed by the comparative degree of the adjective: Another employee came in, taller than the previous one, and also climbed into the attic.

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A definition is a minor member of a sentence, denoting a sign of an object, person or phenomenon in relation to the word being defined; punctuation in the sentence depends.

Agreed Definitions answer questions in the initial form Which? which? which? which? which? and can be expressed by an adjective, participle, participial phrase or ordinal number. They are associated with the method of agreement defined by the word, that is, they are used in the same number, gender and case as the word being defined:

(Which?) good advice (singular, m.r., im.p.);

(which?) topic studied (singular, f.r., im.p.);

(what?) carefully selected illustrations (plural, tv);

(which one?) at the second window (singular, sr.r., gen.p.).

In contrast to the agreed definitions, inconsistent are associated with the method of control or adjacency defined by the word and can be expressed by a noun, adverb, comparative degree of an adjective, infinitive, pronoun, syntactically inseparable combination:

textile ( which?) flowered (noun with preposition; control)

money ( which?) on loan (adv.; management)

story ( which?) more exciting (adj.; control)

order ( Which?) to advance (infinit.; adjacency)

newspaper ( which?) “Evening News” (weekly synth. construction; adjunction).

The easiest way to find the differences between consistent and inconsistent definitions is to compare the sentences in which they are used.

Agreed definitions coincide with the word being defined according to grammatical characteristics, are most often in preposition, and it is not difficult to establish their connection.

Bright beam illuminated the spotlights far corner yard

Over a snowy field the wind was raging.

Icicle falling from the roof crunched underfoot.

In the letter, agreed upon definitions that refer to the personal pronoun are highlighted with commas.

Cheerful, she got down to business with enthusiasm.

He, safe and sound, stood at the door with an armful of flowers.

In the postposition, agreed definitions expressed by the participial phrase are separated by commas.

In the forest, noticeably thinned by mid-autumn, the pine trees seemed like giant candles.

In sentences with inconsistent definitions, the placement of punctuation marks is subject to the general rules of punctuation and is not directly related to the construction “defined word + definition”.

He has never met in his life a kinder and more attentive person.

This look down annoying and the need to act on orders was perceived as bullying in a sophisticated form.

Mustache brush puffed up like a March cat.

Conclusions website

Agreed definitions are used in the same grammatical form as the word being defined.
Unlike agreed definitions, inconsistent ones are associated with the method of control or adjacency defined by the word, therefore, it is difficult to find such a connection based on grammatical features: it is established according to the meaning of the sentence.
The snake has curled up in an emerald ring.(agreed definition)
Hippopotamus weighing a ton moves with speed up to sixty kilometers per hour. (inconsistent definitions)
Agreed definitions are most often expressed by adjectives, participles, participial phrases, ordinal numbers—changeable parts of speech.
Inconsistent definitions are case forms of the noun, adverb, infinitive or indivisible syntactic constructions, for example, phraseological units.
Spring rain, sprinkled on the first flowers, revived colors flashed brightly under bare trees.
Desire to complete a language task efficiently very commendable.
In sentences with agreed definitions, the placement of punctuation marks depends on the position of the definition and the part of speech to which it refers.
Punctuation in sentences with inconsistent definitions follows general rules.

Definition - a minor member of a sentence. The definition answers the question: what? whose? and denotes the attribute of an object. The definitions are explained by the members of the sentence.

There are 2 types of definitions

1) Agreed

2) Uncoordinated

Agreed Definitions

Agreed definitions are combined with the word being defined in form (number, case, gender). And they can be expressed:

1) Adjective: I bought an orange T-shirt.

2) Pronoun: Our road.

3) Numeral: Give me the second volume.

4) Communion: Greening forest

Agreed definitions most often appear before the word being defined.

The meanings of the agreed definitions are varied. Depends on the meaning of the words (lexical) that they are.

Definitions that denote the quality of an object are expressed by qualitative adjectives. Definitions that denote a characteristic of an object by time and location are expressed by relative adjectives. Definitions that are expressed by possessive adjectives or possessive pronouns denote belonging.

Definitions that indicate the uncertainty of an object in relation to property, quality, belonging, are expressed by indefinite pronouns. Definitions that are expressed by ordinal numbers indicate order in counting. Definitions that can denote a characteristic associated with an action are expressed by participles.

Inconsistent definitions

Inconsistent definitions are combined with the main adjunct (they are an unchangeable part of speech or form) or control (placed with the main word and in a certain case). And they can be expressed:

1) Noun with and without a preposition in the indirect case: Climate in St. Petersburg. Pilot's flight.

2) Infinitive: The desire to see. I have a desire to learn.

3) Adverb: I was served soft-boiled eggs. I love walking.

4) Comparative adjective: Smaller house.

5) Possessive pronoun his, her, their: His sister. Their apartment.

6) In a complete phrase: Mom saw a girl of about fourteen.

Inconsistent definitions can indicate belonging if they are expressed by a noun without a preposition in the genitive case.

Inconsistent definitions may mean different things

- sign according to the material;
- a sign that indicates that an object has any external features or details;
- a sign characterizing an object in relation to space;
- a sign indicating the contents of an object;
- a sign indicating the purpose of an object, if they are expressed by a noun with prepositions in indirect cases.

Inconsistent definitions can mean a sign in relation to direction, quality, time, method of action, if they are expressed by an adverb. Inconsistent definitions, which are expressed by the infinitive, serve to reveal the content of the subject