Who can conduct inspections of buildings and structures? Composition of the technical inspection report. What is construction expertise?

Over time, residential and non-residential premises wear out. They are influenced by internal and external factors: natural phenomena, deformation, aging of materials. It is extremely important to monitor the condition of the facilities where people live or work. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct a technical inspection of buildings and structures. This will ensure the safety of human life and health.

What kind of service is this?

A set of measures for visual and technological examination of the condition of the premises is called a technical inspection. At http://vniizhbeton.ru/services/tehnicheskoe-obsledovanie-zdaniy/ you can learn more about the technical inspection of buildings. During the procedure, an external examination and necessary measurements are performed. This analysis is carried out on the basis of state standards and regulations.

Stages of implementation

The examination follows a specific plan:

Preparation for work (technical documentation provided by the client is studied, the scope of work is determined, and the optimal research program is selected).
Directly performing measurements and inspections with recording the results in a report.
Checking calculations and obtaining an opinion on the condition of a building or structure.

When is this check necessary?

There are a number of reasons why you should use this service:

determining the possibility of further use of the object (most often for industrial and public buildings, residential premises of the old stock);
making a decision on demolition and reconstruction (documentary evidence of the need for elimination or determining the amount of repair work);
establishing the causes of destruction and formation of defects;
determination of damage caused (due to violation of rules and regulations during construction, natural disasters, accidents);
assessment of the market value of the object.

It is worth noting that the organization that conducts these studies must have the necessary certificates. Technical inspection of objects is a rather complex and time-consuming procedure, and only professionals can perform it.

Thermal imaging inspection of buildings: what is it, where and what is it used for
Why is a construction technical examination carried out?
Major renovation of buildings. Modernization of buildings

Inspection of buildings and structures is a procedure for checking structures for actual technical condition and preservation of operational properties. The assessment is carried out to monitor the condition and identify the need for repairs or restoration work.

What is the difference between an examination and a survey?

The technical inspection of buildings and structures should not be confused with the examination of the industrial safety of buildings. The latter is carried out at facilities associated with hazardous production and is subject to mandatory registration with Rostechnadzor. It can only be carried out by specialized organizations that have the appropriate license to carry out this work, issued by Rostechnadzor, and in accordance with certain regulatory documents. These primarily include the Federal Law “On The new edition of the rules for conducting examinations came into force on January 1, 2014. The results are subject to mandatory registration with Rostechnadzor. Supervisory authorities are required to conduct a technical inspection of industrial facilities every 5 years.

A building inspection is an independent inspection of the condition of structures and engineering systems, carried out on a voluntary basis. In essence, it is the collection of information about the technical condition of structures at the moment to determine the need for repairs, the possibility of reconstruction or assessing the market value of the object.

When is it necessary to conduct a building inspection?

The need for an examination may arise for various reasons. Acquiring ownership of any building involves investing a large sum. A preliminary inspection of the condition of the building will help to obtain an objective understanding of its technical condition and will save you from additional waste of time and money in the future.

In this case, it is possible to determine the extent of the entire building or individual structural elements and establish the actual cost of the object.

Inspection of an unfinished or fire-damaged facility

When purchasing an unfinished property, it is advisable to conduct a thorough inspection of the condition of the building in order to determine the further scope of work. After the audit, it will be clear whether the building requires repairs and to what extent, whether reconstruction is necessary, or whether it is cheaper and easier to demolish it and build a new one.

Checking the condition of the structure will allow you to adequately assess the possibility and need for reconstruction or repair. For example, the fairly common practice of buying a house after a fire in some cases may require an examination of the condition of the building to determine an adequate price and the feasibility of reconstruction work.

A technical inspection of buildings and structures will help when planning the reconstruction of an unfinished or fire-damaged facility. It will give an objective assessment of the condition of load-bearing structures, their supporting life and stability.

Inspection before repair or reconstruction

When planning reconstruction, modernization of a building or major repairs, it is recommended to conduct a survey of the building's structures. The need for this procedure is dictated by the specifics of drawing up a project for carrying out these works.

Designing a new building is an easier task than planning work on an existing facility. In this case, an inspection and technical examination of buildings and structures is carried out in order to determine which structural elements of the building need to be replaced or strengthened, and what changes will be made in the layout of the premises.

When designing, you can change the functional purpose of the object, expand or reduce the area depending on the wishes of the owner. A technical inspection of buildings will make it possible to determine the level of permissible increase in loads on load-bearing structures during the redevelopment or addition of a building.

The resumption of construction and installation work after a long break also requires a preliminary examination to determine the current condition of the building and determine the feasibility of continuing the work.

Deformation and damage to structures - a reason for inspection

The appearance of defects or damage in structures, the occurrence of deformation changes during the operation of the building is the basis for a thorough examination.

Construction inspections of buildings are carried out to identify design flaws, violations of building codes and poor quality work. In this case, it is possible to detect defects, hidden flaws, and cases of using low-quality materials.

The survey will help identify those responsible for the damage caused to buildings. Damage can occur because design or construction work was carried out incompetently or negligently, a fire or flood occurred, or global repair work was carried out in a neighboring room or building, which led, for example, to deformation of the soil foundation. A high-quality survey will make it possible to identify the extent of damage, recover money through the court, and determine the possibility of further operation of the building.

An inspection is necessary in relation to buildings that have received damage due to natural or natural conditions. It will make it possible to assess the condition of the structure, the possibility of its further use, the need and scope of repair and restoration work.

Inspection of buildings - stages of implementation

A complete inspection of buildings and structures includes three interrelated stages: preparation, visual inspection and detailed inspection. In some cases, it is enough to carry out the first two stages, since the latter involves the use of special equipment and, therefore, additional financial costs. The need for a detailed examination is determined by a specialist and prescribed if a visual examination could not fully identify all problems.

To examine the structure more thoroughly and effectively, a thermal imager is used - special diagnostic equipment that detects changes in temperature levels. With its help, you can detect defects hidden from view and perform an analysis of faults in building structures. The operation of this device is based on capturing images in infrared rays.

Preparing for a building inspection

During the preparation, the specialist familiarizes himself with the object itself, design and as-built documentation and all available records of previously carried out repair or reconstruction work, as well as previous inspections. Studying the documents allows you to obtain information about the time of design and construction, construction technologies, materials used, possible deviations and changes to the design, data on operating conditions and defects and damage that appeared during its operation. If the necessary documentation is not available, measurements are taken and a drawing is created. Based on the received technical specifications, a work program is drawn up.

Preliminary inspection and detailed examination

A visual inspection includes an inspection of the entire building and individual structural elements. Tools are also used. A description of the identified problems is compiled with recommendations for eliminating them.

If a visual inspection reveals significant damage that reduces the strength of the structure and individual elements, or the impossibility of fully examining the structures, a detailed examination is recommended. Special equipment is used for this, and samples of building materials are taken for laboratory study.

When the technical inspection of buildings is completed, a technical report is drawn up, which contains all the data obtained and the results of the survey, recommendations for eliminating identified problems, and possible options for strengthening the structure.

The scope of work when conducting a survey of the technical condition of buildings and structures is determined by the tasks that are supposed to be solved based on the results of the survey. This may be a local task to identify the causes of damage to individual structures with the development of recommendations to eliminate these causes and, if necessary, to restore or strengthen structures. This could be a full-scale inspection of the technical condition of a construction site, the results of which will be in demand by the design organization - the developer of the major repair or reconstruction project of the building.

Preparatory work carried out before conducting an inspection of the technical condition of buildings and structures includes familiarization with the space-planning and structural design of the building (part of the building), as well as, if necessary, with the materials of engineering and geological surveys in order to determine the category of complexity of the object of inspection .

Drawing up a program for examining the technical condition of an object or part of it with a list of work required for the inspection is carried out on the basis of the tasks formulated by the reserve or technical specifications. The terms of reference can also be drawn up with the involvement of the survey performer.

Carrying out a survey of the technical condition of buildings and structures involves the following:

o measurement and survey work;

o engineering and design work;

o inspection of building structures using non-destructive methods;

o laboratory testing of construction materials.

In accordance with the drawn up program for the inspection of a construction site, the cost of individual works is determined and an estimate is drawn up.

When drawing up estimates, they use the base prices for carrying out measurement, survey and engineering design work. Basic prices (per 100 m 3 of building volume) depend both on the category of complexity of the building and on the category of complexity of the survey work. The category of work complexity is determined by the correspondence of the work composition listed in the survey program with the work composition of one of the three complexity categories. At the same time, the category of complexity of work also depends on the technical condition of the building being inspected.

The estimated cost is reduced if it is necessary to carry out work to examine the technical condition of not the entire building, but part of it or individual structural elements, for which purpose the composition of the work is given separately for measurement and design work, broken down into the components of these works in percentage terms.

For example, inspection of the floors of a building makes up 26.9% of the total composition of measurement and survey work on the building. In turn, the inspection of floors includes: selective measurements of floor elements with determination of the dimensions necessary for calculations, drawing defects and locations of openings (16.5%) and drawing up drawings of floors (10.4%). Inspection of floors as part of engineering design work is 34.6% (inspection of structures with determination of their technical condition - 10.6%, drawing up a conclusion on the condition of structures with performing the necessary calculations - 24%). Thus, when carrying out measurement and design work in an incomplete volume, an average correction factor k avg is introduced when drawing up estimates. When drawing up estimates, the coefficients k i are also taken into account, which are also correction coefficients and take into account complicating (simplifying) factors that affect the labor intensity of the work.

Factors that complicate the work to inspect the technical condition of buildings and structures are:

surveyed building with a closed regime (k=1.25);

the examination is carried out in unfavorable conditions (production harmful to health (k=1.2),

increased temperature and humidity (k=1.1);

it is necessary to use ladders, scaffolding, etc. (k=1.15);

unfavorable period of the year (k=1.3);

operated buildings and premises - k=1.1);

the building being surveyed is a monument of architecture, history, culture (k=1.2);

the building being inspected after a fire and other natural disasters (k=1.3);

with a building height above 30 m (building height £ 40 m correction factor k = 1.15; building height £ 50 m coefficient k = 1.25; building height > 50 m coefficient k = 1.3).

If the building volume is small (up to 6000 m3), when determining the cost of work to inspect the technical condition of the building, a correction factor k>1 is introduced: V building. £ 1000 m 3, k=2.5; V building £ 2000 m 3, k=2.2; V building £ 3000 m 3, k=1.8; V building £ 4000 m 3, k=1.4; V building £ 5000 m 3, k=1.2.

Factors that simplify the work to inspect the technical condition of buildings are:

conducting a survey only on the basis of construction drawings of the facility (k=0.75);

carrying out measurement and survey work without drawing up layout diagrams of the structural elements of the building, but only by checking the floor plans with the actual ones and marking the plans with visible defects and places of openings (k=0.75).

Cost of inspection of building structures using non-destructive methods

(determining the strength of concrete in building structures using ultrasonic and other methods) is determined taking into account the price for one measurement.

The estimated cost of laboratory testing of samples (building structures) depends on the number of selected samples, taking into account the cost of testing one sample.

Cost of work to inspect the technical condition of buildings and structures, as well as parts and structural elements of construction projects C then determined by the formula:

C bo (2000) - the base price of survey work in 2000 prices,

k per - coefficient of conversion of the base cost to the current price level.

To determine the strength characteristics of, for example, the monolithic concrete of the flat floor of the building being inspected, it is necessary to open the floor to access the upper edge of the floor slab. When performing an autopsy, the structural solution of the ceiling is clarified or clarified, as well as the floor structure of the building premises being inspected.

The number of openings is determined by the area being examined and the type of ceiling. For example, for a reinforced concrete floor, depending on the area of the floor being examined, the number of openings is as follows: up to 100 m2 - one opening; up to 1000 m 2 - two openings; up to 2000 m 2 - three openings; up to 3000 m 2 - four openings; over 3000 m 2 - five openings.

Determination of the strength characteristics of foundation materials and basement walls using non-destructive methods or by taking samples of materials for subsequent laboratory tests is carried out after tearing off test pits (2 - 3 pits per building).

The holes are torn off from the outside or inside, depending on the convenience of their implementation. To determine the design solution of the foundation and basement walls, the presence of waterproofing of the underground part of the building; for sampling structural materials and soil; To study structural materials using mechanical methods, it is regulated to make pits 0.5 meters deep below the base of the foundation. It is recommended that the cross-sectional area of the pit (A) be: with a foundation depth H of less than 1.5 m A = 1.25 m 2 ; at H=1.5...2.5 m A=2 m 2 ; at H>2.5 m A=2.5 m 2 or more.

The number of samples for laboratory testing of the material of load-bearing walls of buildings depends on the size of the building (number of building sections), number of floors and wall material, Table 1.5.1.

Table 1.5.1

To access the surface of the load-bearing walls of a building to determine their design solution, to control the strength of wall materials, in particular, by non-destructive methods, they must be cleared of plaster or cladding.

Inspection of the technical condition of structural elements of buildings and structures is carried out in two stages:

preliminary (visual) examination;

detailed (instrumental) examination.

A visual inspection is undertaken for a preliminary assessment (by external signs) of the technical condition of structures and the building as a whole. If the building structures of buildings and structures are in normal condition, a visual inspection may be a sufficient basis for drawing up a conclusion about the technical condition of the construction site.

But a visual inspection can be preliminary if defects and damage are detected that indicate a significant reduction in the load-bearing capacity and performance characteristics of the building’s structural elements. In this case, they proceed to a detailed (instrumental) examination of the technical condition of buildings and structures. When identifying signs of emergency condition of structural elements of buildings, it is necessary to develop recommendations for strengthening structures or, if necessary, recommendations for their safe disassembly.

In turn, a detailed survey can be continuous (complete) or selective. A random inspection is carried out when it is necessary to examine individual structures due to defects and damage identified in them.

For example, a survey of the balconies of a multi-storey residential building can be considered as a random survey of the building. Figure 1.5.1 shows the technical condition of the balcony of the building being examined. As a result of a selective visual inspection of reinforced concrete slabs of balconies, the following defects were identified:

Significant destruction of concrete along the edge of the slab with exposure of reinforcement and manifestations of corrosion;

Destruction of the protective layer with exposure of reinforcement on the lower surface of the slab.

During the inspection, no visible deformations of the slab were detected, as well as cracks along the upper edge in the supporting section with an unacceptable opening, indicating a partial loss of the load-bearing capacity of the slab.

Identified defects in the balcony slab must be eliminated due to the possible injury to the residents of the house from falling fragments of the protective layer of the slab, as well as due to the accelerated development of corrosion of concrete and reinforcement of the slab with the indicated defects when used outdoors.

It is shown that when conducting a complete inspection of buildings and if at least 20% of the same type of structures are present in them in a satisfactory condition, it is allowed to examine the remaining structures in the absence of visible defects and damage selectively. In this case, at least 10% (but not less than three) of the same type of structures must be subject to inspection.

Carrying out a survey of the technical condition of buildings and structures is associated with carrying out measurement work. The volume of measurement work can be significant if the survey is related to the upcoming reconstruction of a construction site.

To carry out architectural plans, sections and facades, as well as layout diagrams of the structures of the building being examined, it is necessary to understand and describe the structural solution of the building, perform instrumental measurements to determine (clarify) the location of structural elements on the plan and in the section, clarify the dimensions of the cross sections of the structures and determine the type of interface structural elements of the building.

Figures 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 1.5.4 show as an example, respectively, a plan of the third floor, a cross section and a side facade of the surveyed building of the educational center, subject to reconstruction.

The design solution of the educational center building being examined is as follows:

o vertical load-bearing elements are: reinforced concrete columns, metal columns, brick walls and pillars;

o the building’s floors are presented in three options: from small-sized prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs on metal beams; monolithic beam floor; flooring made of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs;

o rafter structures are represented by: reinforced concrete rafter beams, metal roof trusses, reinforced concrete girders; covering slabs - ribbed prefabricated reinforced concrete;

o external brick walls are made of solid single ceramic bricks, the masonry is solid, the thickness of the brick wall is 510 (380) mm;

o of the four internal staircases of the building, one is made of stacked steps on metal beams, three staircases are metal.

Figure 1.5.5 shows the layout of the foundations, and Figure 1.5.6 shows the layout of the second floor of the building.

Structural inspection of buildings and structures includes inspection of components of exposed building structures. During the inspection, measurements are taken and design drawings are drawn up for the interface nodes of the structural elements of the building.

Figure 1.5.7 shows the interface between a prefabricated reinforced concrete balcony slab and a brick wall of a residential building. A general view of the balcony of a residential building is shown in Figure 1.5.1. As follows from Figure 1.5.7, the study of the design solution for the interface between the prefabricated reinforced concrete slab of the balcony and the brick wall of the building is hampered by the hollow-core floor slab. In this case, knowledge of the features of the design solution of such interface units will help with a high degree of probability to settle on one of the options for the design solution of the balcony slab assembly with the external load-bearing wall of the building. For example, when opening the ceiling near the outer wall, you can see the anchoring of the balcony slab into this wall.

Modern registration of defects and damage to building structures is a photographic recording of visible defects and damage to structures.

As an example, a photo recording of the technical condition of the external walls of a sewage pumping station building from the side of the building facades is considered.

The constructive solution for the external walls of the building is masonry made of single plastic-pressed ceramic brick of grade M75 on lime-cement mortar of grade M25, with silicate brick cladding for jointing. The basement part of the walls, as well as the internal wall of the building along axis 2, are made of single ceramic bricks in a waste area, followed by plastering with cement mortar. External brick walls along axes 1 and 3 end with a cornice, along axes A and B - with a parapet. The cornices are made of single ceramic bricks, using a chain ligation system for seams, with each of the upper rows of masonry that form the cornice offset by 40 mm. In the basement area of the external walls along the entire perimeter of the building there are “belts” with brick offsets of 50 mm. The thickness of the external walls is 510 mm.

Figure 1.5.8 shows the BTI plan of the first floor of the sewage pumping station building, indicating the places on the territory from which photographs of the external walls were taken (photo1...photo6). The photographs are presented in Figure 1.5.9.

Do you want to check the strength of the structure being built and receive a legally valid expert opinion? Already tired of waiting for the arrival of a government specialist, and the deadlines are already running out? So, it's time to take the situation into your own hands. Specialists from the ANO Center for Construction Expertise will help you with this. With them you always get accurate and effective results.

Necessity proven

Construction is relevant at all times. With the advent of new technologies, the construction process becomes more complicated. It is important to strictly adhere to all standards and requirements so that the structure is strong and stable. To check the safety of buildings, mandatory construction inspections are carried out.

These studies are needed at various stages. During design, construction, before commissioning, at the end of the expected period of use, etc.

Please note: not every specialist is qualified to conduct legal examinations. Such a responsible procedure can only be entrusted to licensed professionals. These are the specialists who work at the ANO Center for Construction Expertise.

Our advantages:

Process Features

Inspections and tests of buildings are a common service that is necessary to verify the safe operation of structures. The manipulation is carried out by a specialist to determine the technical characteristics of the object. During the study, the main elements of the structures are subject to careful analysis. After the examination, the specialist issues a conclusion indicating the need to strengthen or restore the object.

The scope and nature of the work is established by the performing company and directly depends on the tasks assigned. The examination is carried out in the following cases:

Often such an examination is carried out during the commissioning of a building or during its sale. It is necessary because it gives a complete picture of the technical condition of the facility and its safety.

Stages and rules

There is a certain procedure for inspecting buildings. The procedure consists of several stages, which can be divided into theoretical and practical parts. They complement each other and include a lot of nuances and features.

The first stage takes place before the agreement is signed. A company specialist provides consultation regarding the service provided, taking into account the individual specifics of the building. The customer is provided with a list of documents needed for the examination. A research algorithm is also being developed, taking into account the individual characteristics of the structure. All actions are pre-agreed with the customer.

The next stage takes place after the conclusion of the contract. It includes the following list of works:

Studying technical documentation and basic information provided by the customer.
Checking documents for compliance with adopted legislation.
,Development of an action algorithm.
Visual inspection of a building or structure.
Determination of loads and impacts on individual load-bearing structures.
Drawing up an expert assessment.
Entering data into the survey report.
Making recommendations.

It is important that the qualifications of the performers allow them to perform technical inspections of buildings of any complexity. After the examination, a conclusion is drawn up that provides an assessment of the technical condition of the building under study and recommendations for its improvement, if necessary.

Remember: it’s easy to check a specialist’s qualifications - just ask him to demonstrate a license that gives him the right to carry out such work. Experts who do not have this documentation cannot conduct research. Conclusions received from dubious specialists have no legal force and will be considered void. Therefore, it is better to immediately entrust the process to qualified professionals from the ANO Center for Construction Expertise. With them you get reliable and meaningful results.

Drawing up a conclusion

The building inspection report, which is issued to the customer, must contain the following points:

When filling out the report, information about the owner of the building and the specialist who conducted the examination is indicated. It is important that the document is drawn up in accordance with the requirements of current legislation. Remember: conclusions provided in any form have no legal force and will be considered void. Therefore, you should immediately contact specialists from the ANO Center for Construction Expertise. With them you always get accurate and meaningful results.

ANO "Center for Construction Expertise": accuracy, quality, efficiency

Do you want the building inspection procedure to be strictly followed when conducting a construction inspection? Tired of waiting for a government specialist? This means that you should contact the NP “Federation of Forensic Experts”.

With licensed professionals from ANO, you always get the following benefits:

Speed. The organization employs more than 490 specialists. The expert will arrive in any economically developed region of the state within 24 hours.
Accuracy. Experts always conduct research with the utmost care and meticulousness. With them you get reliable results.
Objectivity. Reputation comes first, and the specialists from the Federation of Forensic Experts have an impeccable reputation. This is confirmed by the list of regular clients of the organization: Arbitration Courts, Prosecutor's Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, etc.

Do you want to urgently inspect and test buildings and obtain a legally significant result? To do this, just contact the ANO Center for Construction Expertise. With them you get accuracy, objectivity and efficiency.

What regulatory documents regulate the technical inspection of buildings? How to conduct an inspection of building structures according to GOST? How are prices determined for inspection of buildings and structures?

Greetings to the readers of the HeatherBeaver website! With you - Maria Darovskaya.

Let's say you are the manager of a manufacturing commercial enterprise and you decide to carry out a major renovation of the building. Knowledgeable people suggested that the law requires a preliminary inspection of the building in order to determine its condition. Who knows, maybe it will fall apart as soon as you start repairing it.

Where to start such an examination? Who will conduct it? In what form are the results presented? You will find answers to these and other questions in our article.

So what are we waiting for? Let's get started.

1. What is an inspection of buildings and structures?

Inspection of buildings can be planned, after natural disasters and accidents, before major repairs or redevelopment.

First, let's define the terminology.

A comprehensive event to determine the technical condition of structures and communications (engineering and construction).

The frequency of examinations is regulated by GOST requirements. According to the standards, the first inspection is carried out in the first two years from the date of commissioning of the building.

This is necessary to ensure the functionality of structures and systems before the end of the warranty period for the work. Then, if defects are identified, restoration work will be carried out at the expense of the developer.

Further studies should be carried out once every decade. But if defects have already been discovered earlier or the operating conditions of the facility are unfavorable, then this period changes, and the inspection is carried out every 5 years.

In a situation where cracks or other types of deformations in the supporting structures are discovered in a building, an inspection must be carried out immediately. This is necessary to find out the causes and prevent emergency situations.

The table shows the stages of technical inspection:

№	Stage	Work performed
1	Preparation	Acquaintance with the object, analysis of the project and estimates, writing and approval of the research plan
2	Visual inspection of structures	Damage detection and measurements
3	Measurements	Measurements of parameters of structures and elements, measuring work for drawing up plans
4	Instrumental examination	Inspection of structures, determination of parameters of defects and damage, instrumental
5	Technical condition assessment	Determination of the class of technical conditions of structures using regulatory documentation
6	Data analysis and processing	Analysis and processing of survey results, including calculations
7	Development of an engineering solution	Development of recommendations to achieve the required strength parameters, advice on the sequence of work
8	Preparation of the conclusion	Coordination of the technical report with the research results, conclusions

2. When a technical inspection of buildings may be needed - an overview of the main situations

Do not confuse the inspection of buildings and structures with. These procedures have fundamental differences - they have different tasks and research methods.

Let's look at a few basic situations when building inspections are relevant.

Situation 1. Buying a new home

When purchasing a home, the buyer needs to understand the condition of the home. Sometimes unexpected surprises open up after a purchase.

And the cost of eliminating them can be more expensive than the price of the object.

Example
Arkady went to Montenegro and was so fascinated by the beauty of the country that he wanted to buy real estate there. On the Internet, he found an advertisement for the sale of a beautiful villa at a price below the market price. The offer was of interest, but due to the discrepancy between the price and the market average, Arkady suspected a catch.
Arkady decided to order a home inspection. The result surprised him - the foundation of the house slipped. Therefore, it could not be sold for a year, and the seller lowered the price three times. The cost of strengthening the foundation would cost no less than the house itself. As a result, Arkady changed his mind about buying this property.
Carrying out a technical inspection before completing a transaction is a way of insuring against the purchase of a damaged object. If you have even the slightest doubt about the strength of the building, be sure to order an inspection. Its price is much lower than the cost of restoration work in case of problems with the foundation or supporting structures.
If buying or selling a home is your case, read the material about.
Situation 2.
If you already own the building, operate it or maintain it as an engineer, then the survey will help assess the condition, understand whether it needs repair work and what kind.
Please note that if an inspection of a building shows an emergency situation, but the necessary measures have not been taken, then according to the law, the operating organizations, the owner and the chief engineer of the building are responsible. If the building is already damaged, then you should contact the service.
Situation 3. Adding an additional floor
If you already have a house, but you want to increase its area by adding an additional floor, then you cannot do without a building survey. With its help, you can understand whether the load-bearing structures will withstand the additional load and whether the entire house will collapse during the completion or a short time after its completion.
Do not risk your property and people’s lives, entrust the procedure to specialists and make a decision based on their conclusion.
Situation 4. Presence of visible deformations
Visible damage may appear on the building structures: deflections, displacements, settlements, cracks. In this case, the task of the survey is to identify defects, record them, find out the reasons, and develop an action plan to eliminate them.
Please note that visible structural deformations usually occur when the damage is already quite extensive. This is a sign of an impending accident. Only an inspection will provide accurate information about the safety of using the building and the need for its repair.
Situation 5. Demolition and dismantling of buildings
If the building is planned to be demolished or dismantled, it is necessary to obtain permission from the executive authorities for the demolition project. And in order to obtain permission, it is necessary to conduct a survey, according to the results of which a demolition project is developed.
3. What types of work does a building inspection include - TOP 7 main types
Building inspections include different types of work.
But we will look at seven of the most relevant ones.
Type 1. Comprehensive technical inspection
A comprehensive or complete inspection is needed to determine what technical condition the object is in and to obtain information about the quality and condition of the structures. Temporary changes must be taken into account.
This type of examination is carried out, guided by the technical specifications (hereinafter referred to as TOR), which were drawn up in the presence of the client. The task includes information about the object, the purpose of the survey, the timing of its implementation, and attaches documentation and a BTI passport.
Based on the results of the inspection, the object is assigned one of the categories of technical condition:
normative;
efficient;
limited capacity;
emergency.

After the examination, a conclusion (report) is prepared.
Type 2. Examination of individual structures
This type of examination is used when there is no need for a comprehensive examination. In this case, the task is a local inspection of the technical condition of a particular type of structure, for example, walls, roofing, or even one element, for example, a section of a foundation or a column.
Expertise of a separate structure is required in two cases:
If any defects or damage appear on it.
If you need to increase the load on a specific structure.

Type 3. Measurement work
Measurement work are carried out in order to find out the exact geometric parameters of structures for the restoration of documentation and the preparation of verification calculations.
The list of studies and their volume are compiled based on the terms of reference and the project.
When measuring, the dimensions of the object’s elements are checked. Also, if necessary, check the horizontality of the coatings, the verticality of the load-bearing elements, and compliance with the slopes.
Measurement results - drawings, plans, sections.
Type 4. Determination of strength characteristics
Strength- resistance of the material to destruction and irreversible changes in shape under external loads.
Strength depends on the type of material and on the state of stress it is in - stretched, compressed, bent, and what are the conditions of its operation.
View 5. Perform load-bearing capacity calculations
They carry out load-bearing capacity calculations (verification calculations) in case of damage and defects, if it is necessary to determine the load-bearing capacity, change the load level, restore the project if the object was damaged due to fire, flooding and other similar impacts with an unpredictable effect.
The procedure is also carried out when it is necessary to resume construction after a break. Calculations are carried out using specialized programs or manually.
Type 6. Carrying out thermal engineering calculations
Thermal calculation- determination of compliance of enclosing structures with thermal protection standards.
The standards predetermine the parameters of the indoor microclimate. Compliance with the parameters is necessary for the comfort of people, maintaining the reliability and durability of structures.
The desired thermal level can be achieved by increasing the number of heat sources and their power, and by insulating structures.
But remember that if you insulate rooms using heaters, utility costs will increase significantly. At the same time, the method does not exclude the appearance of dampness, fungus, mold, condensation and further damage caused by this.

Thermal calculations are carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.
The video describes the features of thermal imaging examination.

Type 7. Design solutions for strengthening structures
Strengthening building structures- complex procedures to increase the rigidity of load-bearing capacity, resistance to cracks and other qualities.
Strengthening structures is achieved by replacing defective parts, including additional elements, increasing sections, changing material properties, changing design schemes, etc.
4. How the inspection of buildings and structures is carried out according to GOST - 7 main stages
The inspection of structures consists of a preparatory stage and the inspection itself.
Let's take a closer look at the stages of the procedure.
Stage 1. Study of design and technical documentation
To become familiar with the object of study, the expert needs to study the design and technical documentation of the object, including documentation on operation and work performed.
With the help of project documentation, the author of the project, design diagram, and other information are clarified. They study information about the manufacture of structures: they determine which organizations carried out the work, what materials were used, who supplied them and other information.
Stage 2. Drawing up an examination program
During preparation, a work program is drawn up based on the technical specifications. It indicates the purpose of the survey, sets tasks, lists which structures will be examined, where measurements and tests will take place, what methods will be used, where exactly the structures will be opened, samples taken and other information.
At this stage, the issue of providing access to structures is also resolved.
Stage 3. Visual identification of defects with photography
The main part of the preliminary stage of the examination is a visual inspection. For inspection, various instruments are used, including measuring instruments - tape measures, calipers and others, as well as devices for recording what they see - for example, a photo and a video camera.
Found defects and violations are recorded using sketches, drawings, photographs in order to assess the condition of the building as objectively as possible in the future.
Stage 4. Instrumental examination using measuring instruments and instruments
Instrumental (or detailed) examination can be either continuous or selective. It all depends on whether it is necessary to examine the entire object or whether it is sufficient to examine its individual elements.
The procedure is carried out using measurements and determining the characteristics of materials.
Stage 5. Processing of examination results in laboratory conditions
The answer to the question of whether laboratory tests need to be carried out and which ones depends on the results of the examinations. They must be carried out in a specially equipped laboratory by specialized specialists using appropriate equipment.
The results of laboratory tests will be included in the conclusion of the examination.
Stage 6. Development of recommendations for further operation of the structure
The expert needs to indicate the current state of the object, provide recommendations on how to use the project in the future, what steps to take to strengthen the structure, eliminate defects and the factors that caused them.
Stage 7. Drawing up a conclusion on the technical condition of the object
After summing up the results, experts form a conclusion about the technical condition of the object. The report cites facts from documentation and findings from research. The expert must list what defects he found, provide diagrams and photos of them, draw conclusions, and recommend ways to eliminate them.
If the need for an examination arises, you should seek the help of a lawyer. You can choose either full support or advisory assistance. You can get this help on the website Pravoved.ru.
From 16 thousand verified lawyers from all over Russia, you will definitely be able to choose the right specialist. All lawyers have sufficient work experience, on average 12 years. You can get help either free or for a fee.
5. Where to order an inspection of buildings and structures - review of the TOP-3 service companies
To make it easier for readers to choose, we present an overview of the three best companies in Russia specializing in the inspection and examination of residential and industrial premises.
1) Center for Construction Expertise "PGS"
The Center for Construction Expertise "PGS" was founded in 2012. Over the course of 4 years, the young company became a group of six legal entities. The center is engaged in forensic and pre-trial construction examinations, surveys, as well as audits, assessments, design, approval of redevelopment and reconstruction.
The company is equipped with modern equipment and instruments. Employees have specialized education, and some have academic degrees. The company works within tight deadlines and guarantees confidentiality.
2) Gilbertinvest
Gilbertinvest has existed for 15 years and is a holding company with a full cycle of design and engineering work. The company recently became one of the top ten largest engineering firms in the country.
The holding provides all types of engineering and design services, carries out surveys, audits and examinations.
The company is a member of several SROs (self-regulatory organizations, which all expert bureaus are required by law to be members of) and has the necessary permits. Gilberinvest has certifications and licenses from such structures as the FSB, the Ministry of Culture, and Rostechnadzor.
3) Micro
The Micro construction laboratory operates in Moscow and the Moscow region. The company has more than 3 thousand objects, including the Airport Terminal and the Kremlin Palace of Congresses. Inspections of buildings, structures and materials of any level of complexity - company profile. The company also provides supervision and design services.
An agreement with the laboratory can be concluded both for a comprehensive examination and for the examination of individual materials or structures.
If you need an independent one, we have prepared special material for you.
6. How to save money on building inspections - 4 proven methods
The cost of the survey service depends on the type of object (building, structure, individual element), its size, and the tasks of the technical specifications.
Let's take a closer look at ways to save on examinations and not regret it.
Method 1. Refuse unnecessary services
Do not order a full building survey unless necessary. Indicate specific structural elements whose reliability you have doubts about, and let the experts examine only them.
This approach will significantly reduce the cost of the examination, because the amount of work required by specialists will be significantly reduced.
Method 2. Take on transportation costs yourself
The further away your property is located and the more difficult it is to get there, the more expensive the survey will cost. If you have the opportunity, cover the transportation costs yourself and take the expert to the examination site yourself.
This simple technique will reduce the cost of the examination, because transportation costs will not be included in the estimate for payment.
Method 3: Choose an inexpensive contractor
There are many companies on the market that provide surveys. Make a list of companies with names and contact details, call them, note the cost of services and their list. After that, choose the most affordable price for yourself.