Recalculate astigmatic lenses. What does a cylinder mean in a glasses prescription? Disadvantages of Toric Contact Lenses

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As stated earlier, spectacle lenses can be single or multifocal.

Each of these types of lenses may include the following optical elements: spherical, astigmatic, prismatic, eikonic*. In addition, spectacle lenses can be light-protective with different transmittance coefficients.

The following are the rules for prescribing single vision lenses. Spherical (stigmatic) lenses are written as follows: after the designation sph (or in Russian - “sphere”), indicate the “+” sign for converging lenses and the “-” sign for diverging lenses and then the lens power in diopters (D). The power of the lens is indicated as a decimal fraction; for a whole number of diopters, 0 is placed after the decimal point.

For example:

sph -6.0 D; sph +1.25 D; sph -0.5 D.

When prescribing astigmatic lenses, after the number indicating the power of the spherical element, put a comma, then the symbol cyl (or in Russian - “cylinder”) and indicate the sign and power of the cylindrical element in diopters, as well as the position of its axis (non-active section) on the international scale TABO.

For example:

sph -0.5 D, sul -1.0 D x 10°.

Instead of a comma, sometimes a combination sign (o) is used, which resembles an equals sign, but with convex stripes. For example:

sph -0.5 D o cyl -1.0 D ax 10°.

Lately, the D symbol has often been omitted.

For example:

sph -0.5 o cyl -1.0 x 10°.

Abroad, the designation of spherocylindrical combinations is usually simplified: first they put the sign and power of a spherical lens with two digits after the decimal point, then the sign and power of a cylindrical lens, instead of the word axis (ax) - multiplication sign - x.

The above script looks like this:

-0.50-1.00 x 10°

If there is no cylindrical lens, only the first number is given; if there is no spherical lens, 0.00 is given instead of the first number.

In our recipes, if there is no spherical element, its designation can be omitted. For example, instead of sph 0.0 cyl +1.0 D akh 10°, you can write cyl +1.0 D akh 10°.

The position of the axis of the corrective cylindrical lens should be indicated on the TABO diagram with an arrow.

For complex astigmatism, a sphere and a cylinder of the same sign should be drawn; for mixed astigmatism, the opposite sign should be drawn. It is not allowed to write a combination of two cylindrical elements in one lens.

If the selection of glasses was carried out with a cylinder of one sign, and you need to write out a cylinder of a different sign (for example, if for complex hypermetropic astigmatism, a trial selection is carried out with negative cylinders), then a transposition should be performed. In this case, a cylinder of one sign is replaced by a combination of a sphere of the same sign with a cylinder of the opposite sign with an axis located at an angle of 90° relative to the original axis of the cylinder.

The rules of transposition are as follows: the sign of the cylinder is changed to the opposite, the direction of the axis is changed to perpendicular (i.e., 90° should be subtracted or added), the sign of the sphere is changed to the opposite, and its strength is equal to the algebraic sum of the sphere and the cylinder in the original notation.

Examples.

1. sph -1.0 D, cyl +1.0 D ax 100e = cyl -1.0 D ax 10e;
2. sph +6.0 D, cyl -2.0 D ax 80° = sph +6.0 D +(eph -2.0 D, cyl +2.0 D ax 170°) = sph +4.0 D, cyl +2.0 D ax 170°;
3. sph -1.5 D, cyl +2.5 D ax 105° = sph -1.5 D + (sph +2.5 D, cyl -2.5 D ax 15°) = sph +1.0 D, cyl -2.0 D ax 15°.

GOST 23265-78 “Eyeglass lenses” for optical production and medical supply services provides for a different system for designating the refraction of astigmatic lenses. It is not recommended for eyeglass prescriptions, but eye doctors and optometrists should know it to ensure that glasses are made correctly.

According to this system, to characterize an astigmatic lens, its three parameters are indicated in the following order:
1) the posterior apical refraction is less than the refractive cross section (for positive lenses - smaller in absolute value, for negative lenses - correspondingly larger);
2) the posterior apical refraction is greater than the refractive section;
3) the direction of the main section with the lowest refraction on the TABO scale in degrees.

Examples of converting the sphere-cylinder system to the GOST 23265-78 system are given in Table. 9.

As stated in Chap. 3, in Russia lenses with an astigmatic difference of up to 4.0 diopters and a posterior apical refraction from -30 to +20 diopters are mass-produced. With an astigmatic difference of up to 2.0 diopters, the intervals between the values of the cylindrical element are 0.25 diopters, over 2.0 diopters - 0.5 diopters.

When prescribing glasses with prismatic action (after characterizing the spherical and cylindrical elements), the strength of the prismatic element in prismatic diopters (A) and the direction of the top-base line on the TABO scale are indicated. In this case, the TAY scale continues up to 360°.

Table 9. Examples of astigmatic refraction designations

Just like spherical and cylindrical lenses, prisms can be written in Latin and Russian transcription: prism - рр, base - bas.

For example:

sph +3.0 D, рг 2A bas 0°, sph -1.0 D, cyl -2.0 D ax 90°, рг 3 bas 180°.

When the top-base line is in a horizontal position, it is allowed to indicate its direction with the words: “base to the nose” and “base to the temple” - “bas nas” and “bas temp”.

In other positions of this line, its direction should be indicated on the TABO circular scale with the obligatory designation of an arrow according to the diagram.

When prescribing glasses with a prismatic action, the power of the corrective prism should be “distributed” approximately equally between the two eyes, that is, the prismatic element should be approximately the same in each eye, and the top-base line should have the opposite direction.

For example, if it is necessary to correct exophoria 6.0 prism, prisms should be prescribed:

OD рг З bas 0° (nas),
OS pr 3 bas 180° (nas).

When correcting combined heterophoria, corrected with an 8.0 prism with a base of 30° in front of the right eye, the following should be prescribed:

OD pr 4 bas 30°, OS pr 4 bas 210°.

According to existing standards, it is allowed to write out prismatic elements with a force from 0.5 to 10 prdptr.

Today I want to tell you about a simple method for recalculating astigmatic lenses using the transposition method. The fact is that sometimes a situation arises when the astigmatic lens specified in the prescription cannot be found. This is especially true for cases when the lens cylinder in the prescription does not match the sign ("+" or "-") with the lens cylinder that is available. This is where the transposition method can come in handy.

This method allows you to select an equivalent lens, but with the condition that the lens will be installed at an angle changed to 90°.

However, this is no secret for opticians and they should not have any problems when recalculating and installing the lens. But we need to choose an equivalent lens before it reaches the master and he begins to insert it into the frame. This is what we will do now.

We add the values of the sphere (Sph) and the cylinder (Cyl). The resulting number will be the new sphere value (Sph).
Change the sign of the cylinder (Cyl) to the opposite. The resulting number will be the new cylinder value (Cyl).
We add 90° to the value of the axis (Ax) or subtract 90°, so that the new value is in the range from 1° to 180°. The resulting number will be the new axis value (Ax) in degrees.

Let's try to understand this with examples.
For example, we have this recipe:

Right lens

Sphere: +3.50 Cylinder: +1.50 Axis: 105°

A sphere plus a cylinder equals 5.00. This will be the new meaning of the sphere. We change the sign of the cylinder. It will now be equal to -1.50. If you add another 90° to the 105° axis, you get 195°. Not suitable, as the result is more than 180°. Then subtract 90° from 105°. The new axis is equal to 15°. Now let's write down the new lens values.

Sphere: +5.00 Cylinder: -1.50 Axis: 15°

Left lens

Sphere: +3.50 Cylinder: +1.50 Axis: 75°

A sphere plus a cylinder equals 5.00. This will be the new meaning of the sphere. We change the sign of the cylinder. It will now be equal to -1.50. If you subtract another 90° from the 75° axis, you get -15°. Not suitable, since the result is less than 1°. Then add 90° to 75°. The new axis is equal to 165°. Now let's write down the new lens values.

Sphere: +5.00 Cylinder: -1.50 Axis: 165°

And more examples

Given:

Sph -2.00 Cyl -1.00 Ax 0°

We get:

Sph -3.00 Cyl +1.00 Ax 90°

Given:

Sph +2.00 Cyl +1.00 Ax 0°

We get:

Sph +3.00 Cyl -1.00 Ax 90°

Given:

Sph -1.00 Cyl +2.00 Ax 0°

We get:

Sph +1.00 Cyl -2.00 Ax 90°

I hope you find this information useful.

A spherical lens cannot improve vision with astigmatism, because by correcting one meridian, it at the same time worsens the other. Spherical lenses enhance or weaken the refraction of the eye, but they cannot eliminate the difference in the refraction of the main sections. To correct astigmatism, cylindrical lenses are used, which are like a cast from a cylinder. They can be of two types - scattering and collecting light.

The higher the strength of the cylinder and the older the person who first wore cylindrical glasses, the worse they are tolerated. When first prescribing glasses, it is not recommended to prescribe cylinders with a force of more than 4.0 D.

As already mentioned, correction of an astigmatic eye can be achieved using two combinations of spherical and cylindrical lenses. The transition from one combination of a sphere and a cylinder to another combination is carried out by the transposition method.

CYLINDER TRANSPOSITION
1. Under the sphere of the new copybook, the algebraic sum of the spherical and cylindrical components is written.
2. 3The sign of the cylindrical component is reversed.
3. The direction of the cylinder axis changes by 90 degrees.

Examples:
Original copy: +1.0; +2.5 axis 100 degrees.
Transposition: +3.5;-2.5 axis 100 degrees.
Original copy: -1.75; -2.0 axis 120 degrees.
Transposition: -3.75;+2.0 axis 30(210) degrees.
Original writing: -1.25; +4.0 axis 90 degrees.
Transposition: +2.75; -4.0 axis 0 deg.

In case of intolerance to cylindrical lenses, a spherical equivalent can be prescribed.

When reading a prescription for astigmatic glasses, which is made in a spherocylindrical prescription, one must keep in mind that under the sign sph the refraction of one of the main sections of the astigmatic lens is written, under the sign cyl is the astigmatic difference, akh indicates the direction of that main section, the refraction of which is written under the sign of the sphere .

Determination of astigmatism using CROSS CYLINDERS

In cases where the patient is not resistant to axis displacement, the correct position of the cylinder axis is important in correction. You can clarify the position of the axis and the optical power of the cylinder using CROSS CYLINDERS (Jackson bi-cylinders or crossed cylinders). They use the dot group or "Grit" test found in most sign projectors, or the round sign on the visual acuity chart, the size of which should correspond to the visual acuity obtained. Control is carried out after vision correction; the frame must contain selected lenses. The sets include cross cylinders plus - minus 0.25 D and plus - minus 0.5 D. You can use any of them, but some believe that the 0.5 D cylinder should be used when determining the direction of the cylinder axis, as it is more sensitive, and 0.25 D - when determining cylinder forces.

Clarification of the cylinder axis - AXIAL TEST

Each eye is examined separately. The cross cylinder, depending on its design, is located in the frame or attached to it so that its handle coincides with the axis of the correcting cylinder (the handle is on the axis!). In this case, at 45 degrees from the handle, the axes of the cross-cylinders will be located, which are indicated by a plus or minus sign, one on the right, the other on the left, i.e. artificial astigmatism is created and visual acuity is reduced. Next, the cylinder is rotated around its axis by the other side so that the plus and minus switch places. The image quality varies. The patient should be asked in which position the image is clearer or which image is more blurry (the real position of the axis has not been found) - the first or second. You need to remember at what position of the negative axis the image is better (when it is on the right or when it is on the left) and turn the handle of the correction cylinder approximately 5 degrees towards the negative axis. This manipulation must be repeated quickly (do not hold the CC for more than 2 seconds) several times, each time moving the cylinder handle approximately 5 degrees until the patient says that he does not feel a difference in image quality when moving the cylinder, and sees the same in any position. This means that the image has entered the macular area, the axis is selected correctly and the study must be stopped.

Clarification of the cylinder force - FORCE TEST

The study (Fig. 9) is carried out with the position of the axis of the cross-cylinder on the axis of the selected cylinder (axis to axis!). This means that we added 0.25D or 0.5D to the existing cylinder if they have the same signs as glass or reduced the refraction if the signs are opposite. We place either a positive or a negative cylinder on the glass axis. If the patient notices improvement in vision with increasing cylinder strength, then it should be increased. For example, if there was a cylinder + 0.75 D, and with a cross cylinder + 0.25 D vision improved, then in the recipe we change the cylinder to 1.0 D. In this case, we immediately need to change the spherical component, taking into account the changed force of the cylinder - by half its value (reduce , if the cylinder was increased or increased if the cylinder was decreased)

If there are doubts about the choice of cylinder size, then a smaller cylinder size is selected.

Astigmatism does not affect vision in all cases and does not always require correction, so decompensated astigmatism is corrected first.

correction of astigmatism in children

Even incomplete correction, compensating for astigmatism by more than half, significantly improves visual acuity.

8-18 years - hypermetropic astigmatism is subject to full correction. For initial and progressive myopia, the principle of adding cylinders comes into force only in cases where they increase maximum visual acuity (astigmatism more than 1.0 D). Watch in dynamics. When the level decreases to physiological, the cylinders should be discontinued.

Mixed astigmatism requires complete or almost complete correction and constant wearing of glasses. When selecting glasses, we focus on maximum visual acuity. At the same time, one should not be afraid of strengthening the myopic sphere, given the tendency to hyperaccommodation in these individuals.

Correction of astigmatism in adults

18-45 years - the appearance of hidden hypermetropia or progression of myopia may require the introduction of cylinders. An adult who has not previously worn top hats accepts them with great difficulty and, rather than
The older a person is, the more difficult adaptation is. If a large cylinder is required, it must be introduced in stages - first the minimal one, then add 0.75 D in subsequent glasses. Warn the patient that these will be trial glasses; they can be made with inexpensive frames and lenses, and after getting used to them, replace them in the final version with better quality.

60 years or more - there is a transformation of astigmatism from direct to reverse. Cylinders are prescribed only in cases where they significantly improve visual acuity and comfort; the completeness of astigmatic correction depends on the tolerability of the cylinders.

If astigmatism is more than 4.0 D or first detected at the age of 12 years or older, the first glasses are prescribed with a cylinder smaller than that detected.

In adults, the direction of the cylinder axis plays an important role during adaptation. For direct type astigmatism, correction often does not cause difficulties. With reverse astigmatism, adding cylinders affects vision more than with direct astigmatism, but adaptation is usually easy. Because humans live in a vertically oriented world, even small degrees of reverse astigmatism can significantly reduce vision. Astigmatism with oblique axes greatly affects vision; the primary purpose of the cylinders is tolerated with great difficulty, and in some cases, due to gross distortion of space, adaptation does not occur at all. In such cases, they resort to either step-by-step adaptation to the cylinders, or the issue is resolved in favor of contact correction. With astigmatism with oblique axes, uneven accommodation occurs in different meridians, constant fluctuations in the optical alignment of the eye - either the anterior or posterior focal surface is aligned with the retina. The stronger the cylinder, the more the axes are deviated from horizontal or vertical, the stronger the image distortion caused by meridional aniseikonia - the difference in the size of images on the retina of one eye. With an oblique position of the axis, the correction cylinder causes more problems with binocular vision. The maximum inclination of the vertical lines occurs when the axis of the correction cylinder is oriented at 45 and 135 degrees. In this case, 1.0 D of astigmatism causes an image tilt of 0.4 degrees. Under conditions of binocular vision, image deformation causes unpleasant sensations in the patient. There are certain mechanisms for compensating for distortions in the shape of objects and their position in space: perspective assessment; solid knowledge of the shape and size of visible objects; “linking” the outlines of objects to a familiar environment; limitation of the depth of visual space Small cylinders (degree of astigmatism 0.5 or less) are corrected in the presence of complaints: head
pain, especially with prolonged exercise at a distance (driving), visual fatigue near, slight decrease in vision. If there are no hidden violations of convergence and accommodation, small cylinders are prescribed.

Vertex correction – vertex distance

Vertex correction, vertex distance - everyone who wears glasses has probably heard such expressions. What is vertex distance and vertex correction? Why do you need to know and take into account the vertex distance and how to correctly calculate the vertex correction? Is there a difference between the diopters of glasses and lenses, and what should be the difference in diopters between contact lenses and glasses? In this article we will try to answer these questions.

Vertex distance is the distance from the back surface of the spectacle lens to the top of the cornea of the eye. Normally, the vertex distance should be 12-15 mm. You can measure the vertex distance using a special or regular ruler. It is this vertex distance that guarantees that the image passing through the surface of the spectacle lens will fall on the retina and, accordingly, the person will see the objects in question well and clearly in the glasses.

What happens if the vertex distance shifts?

If the vertex distance does not correspond to the norm, the corrective power of the spectacle lenses changes.

Dispersive minus lenses

Spectacle lenses with minus diopters are divergent; they are designed to compensate for the strong refractive refraction in myopic people, in whom, without correction, the image is located in front of the retina. Properly selected minus lenses, taking into account the vertex distance of 12-15 mm, move the image onto the retina and ensure clarity of vision. Increasing the vertex distance with minus lenses (moving away from the eyes) leads to the fact that the image will again move and be in front of the retina, which means the clarity of vision will deteriorate.

If the vertex distance is reduced (closer to the eyes) with minus lenses, then you can get an excessively strong correction.

Converging plus lenses

Plus lenses are converging and are used to correct weak refraction in hyperopia and presbyopia.

With hypermetropia, the image falls behind the retina, and correction with converging plus lenses moves it onto the retina and makes the image clear.

When the vertex distance from the eyes shifts, that is, when it increases, the refractive power of the plus lens will increase, that is, excessive correction, since the image will move in front of the retina. When the plus lens approaches the eyes, the image will move behind the retina and visual acuity will decrease again.

Thus, changing the vertex distance when correcting with plus and minus lenses will lead to opposite results. Therefore, even if adequate spectacle correction is selected, but the vertex distance is not observed, visual acuity in glasses may differ from the selected correction.

This is why it is important to consider the vertex distance when selecting glasses and ensure that the frames fit correctly before the glasses are even made.

Vertex distance and contact lenses

Vertex distance is an indicator characteristic only for spectacle correction. When corrected with contact lenses, there is no vertex distance, since the contact lens is located directly on the surface of the cornea of the eye. However, the selection of contact lenses is carried out using a trial frame and spectacle lenses from a diagnostic kit, where, of course, there is a vertex distance.

Vertex correction

The difference between the diopters of glasses and contact lenses

Should this vertex distance be taken into account when selecting contact lenses? Is there a difference between the diopters of glasses and contact lenses? What should the diopter ratio be?

In order for the diopters of contact lenses to correspond to the diopters of spectacle lenses, the concept of vertex correction was introduced.

Vertex correction is a mathematical value.

To determine the vertex correction for contact lenses, that is, how much the diopters of contact lenses should differ from the diopters in glasses, there is a special table for converting diopters corrected for vertex distance. Every contact correction room should have such a table. With its help, the optometrist determines how much the diopters of contact lenses need to be changed so that they correspond to the selected spectacle correction, taking into account the vertex distance.

Vertex correction is calculated differently for minus and plus lenses.

As we have already said, minus lenses will become stronger as the vertex distance decreases, that is, as you get closer to the eyes. Therefore, the diopters of minus contact lenses must be smaller to match the selected spectacle correction.

Conversely, lenses with positive values become stronger as the vertex distance decreases (closer to the eyes). Therefore, plus contact lenses must be larger than the corresponding spectacle correction.

Diopter difference value

Another important point that affects the calculation of the vertex correction is the diopter value. How much less or more diopters should be, and what is the permissible difference in diopters, depends on the size of the diopters.

The higher the diopters, the greater the value of the vertex correction, and the more the diopters of glasses and contact lenses do not match and differ. Up to diopter values -/+ 3.75D, the vertex correction value is not taken into account and the diopters in contact lenses correspond to the diopters in glasses.

Allowable diopter difference

Vertex correction is calculated for diopter values above -/+4.0D:

From -/+4.0D to -/+5.75D, the difference between the diopter values of contact and spectacle lenses is 0.25D.
From -/+6.0D to -/+7.5D, the vertex correction value is 0.5D.
From -/+8.0D to -/+10.0D, the difference between the diopters of contact and spectacle lenses is 1.0D.
From +/- 10.5D to +/-11.5D, the vertex correction is 1.5D.
From +/-12.0D the vertex correction will be equal to 2.0D.

Thus, negative contact lenses will be smaller than spectacle lenses by a vertex correction value above -4.0D, and up to -3.75D they will be the same as glasses. Plus contact lenses up to +3.75 will have the same diopters as the corresponding spectacle lenses, and above +4.0D they will be larger than the spectacle lens by the amount of vertex correction.

OD, OS and other abbreviations

The abbreviations OD and OS are short terms for the Latin terminology “oculus dexter”, “oculus sinister”, which means “right eye” and “left eye”. The abbreviation OU is also often found, from the abbreviation “oculus uterque”, which means “both eyes”.

This is the professional terminology of ophthalmologists and optometrists, used when filling out a prescription for any type of glasses or eye drops.

Please note that in ophthalmology, all information about the right eye is always indicated first, and then about the left eye. This is how doctors insure themselves against confusion and mistakes. Therefore, your recipe will say exactly that. In addition, it will also contain other abbreviations. Eg:

Sph (sphere), which translates as “sphere” and indicates the optical power of the lens, which is expressed in diopters. It is the power of the lens that plays the main role in correction, either. Moreover, when a “-” sign is indicated in front of the numerical value, this means that you are myopic. Myopia, or scientifically, is corrected by diverging minus lenses. Sometimes you can see the Latin “concave” above the minus sign.

If there is a “+” in front of the numerical value, then you are farsighted, and your glasses are for distance. Farsightedness, or farsightedness, is corrected with plus converging lenses, otherwise designated “convex”.

The concept of Cyl (Cylinder) - “cylinder” will indicate the optical power of the lenses that are used for correction. Astigmatism is an uneven, non-spherical surface in which refraction in one of its meridians occurs somewhat stronger than in the others. This anomaly can be corrected with cylindrical lenses. In this case, the recipe must indicate the position of the cylinder axis (from the Latin Axis or Ax), which is expressed in the degree range 0 - 180. This is due to the peculiarity of the refraction of light passing through a cylindrical lens. Moreover, only rays traveling strictly perpendicular to the cylinder axis are refracted. Rays running parallel to it do not change their direction. These properties make it possible to “correct” the refraction of light in a specific “offending” meridian.

Cylinder values can be either: or negative, i.e. designed to correct myopic astigmatism (for myopia), or plus ones - to correct hypermetropic astigmatism (for farsightedness).

The meridians are determined by applying a special scale to the front surface of one of the eyes. As a rule, such a scale is built into the frame sample, which is used for measuring and further selecting glasses. This scale, like the entire system, is called TABO.

Addition - Add - “addition for near”, a term denoting the difference in diopters that exists between the zones of distance vision and near vision, which is necessary in the manufacture of bifocal or progressive glasses intended for correction. That is, when you need +1.0D lenses to improve distance visual acuity, and +2.5D for near vision, the addition will be +1.5 D. In this case, the maximum addition value cannot exceed +3.0D.

Prism or prismatic lens power. This value is measured in prismatic diopters (that is, p.d. or triangle symbol when the recipe is written by hand). These lenses are used for correction, and when prescribed, depending on its type, they indicate which direction the base of the prism is facing: up, down, outwards (towards the temple), inwards (towards the nose).

The optical power of spherical or cylindrical lenses, as well as the addition value, is indicated in diopters, using a maximum refinement of up to 0.25D. Prismatic diopters may be rounded to their half values (e.g. -0.5p.d.)

The distance between the centers of the pupils (RC) - Dp (distancia pupilorum) - value measured in millimeters. It is noteworthy that for near it is 2 mm less than for distance. In recipes it can also be referred to as Dpp.

Prescription for glasses

OD sph-2.5 cyl -0.5 ax 90 (sph-2.5 - 0.5 x 45)

This recipe can be deciphered as follows:

For the right eye, spherical correction of myopia is indicated, using a -2.5D lens,

There is astigmatism, corrected by a minus cylindrical lens - 0.5D,

The cylinder axis is an inactive meridian, located along the 45o axis,

For the left eye, spherical correction is indicated using a 3.0D minus lens.

DP – interpupillary distance 64 mm.

OU sph +2.0 +0.5 add

Prescription for glasses and contact lenses

Sometimes people ask, can a glasses prescription be used to make contact lenses? The answer is clear - it’s impossible.

Prescriptions for both glasses and contact lenses have their own characteristics. The contact lens prescription must specify the base curvature as well as the diameter of the lenses. A contact lens is placed directly on the cornea and forms an almost single optical system with the eye; glasses lenses, on the contrary, are located at a certain distance from the cornea (up to 12 mm). Therefore, in case of myopia, the power of contact lenses is slightly reduced, and in case of farsightedness, it is increased.

When choosing glasses or contact lenses, a prescription must be given to you. Be sure to save it and the next time you have your eyes checked, you can compare the results. In addition, if you have a prescription, you can order contact lenses or glasses at any optical shop you like, regardless of the location of the examination.

A prescription for glasses can be written out either at a clinic or at a paid optician. For example, each of OPTIC CITY's 29 salons has a doctor's office. You can make an appointment through the company’s website by choosing a day and time convenient for you. Our ophthalmologists examine vision using modern computer equipment. There in the salon you can immediately