A drug for the treatment of rhinitis in children. Drops from the common cold for children - which are better and more effective. Oil infusions of onion or wild rosemary
Ekaterina Morozova
Reading time: 9 minutes
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In young children, a runny nose is quite common. A stuffy nose prevents the baby from breathing normally, and it is also normal for the baby to eat. The child becomes capricious, restless, may not sleep well, lose weight, sometimes there is an increase in temperature,. And, of course, parents really want to help their child. But pharmacies now have a very large number of various cold medicines for young children, and it is very difficult to figure out which one is good. So let's try to do it together.
Runny nose and stages of its development
A runny nose, or rhinitis in medical terms, is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Most often, this disease is not independent, but is a symptom of some other disease, such as influenza, measles, adenovirus infection and other ARVI diseases. Most often, a runny nose develops within 7-10 days or more, it all depends on the disease that provoked it. The drug is available in the form of nasal drops and spray. Children under one year of age are not recommended to use the spray. As a way out, you can use.
Rhinitis has three stages of development:
- reflex- develops very quickly, passes within a few hours. The vessels narrow, the nasal mucosa turns pale sharply. During this period, there is burning and dryness in the nasal cavity, frequent sneezing;
- catarrhal- vasodilation occurs, the mucous membrane is redder and the nasal concha swells. This stage lasts 2-3 days. During this period, there is difficulty breathing, abundant transparent watery discharge, lacrimation, stuffy ears, decreased sense of smell;
- The third stage begins if it joins bacterial inflammation. During this period, there is an improvement in the general condition: the sense of smell improves, breathing is restored. The discharge from the nose becomes thicker and greenish or yellowish in color.
Medications for children under 5 years of age
Aqua Maris
192
rubles, spray - 176
rubles
This drug is made on the basis of water from the Adriatic Sea. It contains unique trace elements (sodium, magnesium, calcium ions, etc.), which contribute to the effective treatment of the common cold and cold.
Main testimony for the use of this drug are:
For treatment, Aqua Maris is instilled in adults and children 2-5 times a day, 2 drops in each nasal passage. Duration of treatment this drug 2 to 3 weeks It all depends on the severity of the disease.
For prevention the drug should be instilled 1-2 drops 1-2 times a day.
Aqua Maris can be used from the first day of life. For newborns, it is used for hygienic purposes to moisten the nasal cavity. The drug has no side effects, except for individual intolerance to some components.
Parent feedback:
Mila:
Oh, a wonderful remedy ... Droplets for babies are ideal, and you can drip as much as you like without harming your health, rather, on the contrary, it improves immunity .. we just eliminate a runny nose, we don’t have to use anything potentially dangerous.
Valeria:
For my family, Aqua Maris nasal spray has helped a lot. We move very often, because of this, the child suffers. After all, climate change contributes to the fact that the daughter began a constant runny nose, health problems. Thanks to this nasal spray, my daughter tolerates a sharp change in climate much better. She is not tormented by a clogged nose, it is hard for her to breathe.
Aqualor baby
Approximate cost in pharmacies: drops - 118 rubles, spray - 324 rubles.
The vials contain sterile isotonic sea water. The drug prevents the development of nasopharyngeal infection and its spread to the inner ear. Aqualor baby helps to improve the breathing of the baby during feeding. The drug is recommended to be used for daily hygiene purposes.
Medical testimony for the use of the drug Aqualor baby:
- Comprehensive treatment and prevention of influenza and SARS;
- Comprehensive treatment and prevention of ENT diseases;
- Acute, allergic and chronic rhinitis;
- Daily hygiene of the nasal cavity.
This drug can be used from the first days of life. For hygiene and prevention, children and adults need to do 2-4 washes daily. More if necessary.
There are no contraindications for use. A side effect is individual intolerance to the constituent components of the drug.
Parent feedback:
Olga:
Aqualor started using when the child was six months old. Now we are already a year and a half, I don’t know a better remedy for a cold. Aqualor baby is just drops, not drops, it is sea water for washing the nose.
Julia:
Aqualor is the best we've tried to clean baby's nose. Before that, it was impossible to rinse well, but then Aqualor baby was advised, literally several times - and there didn’t seem to be any nozzles!
Nazol baby
Approximate cost in pharmacies: drops - 129 rubles.
Nazol baby is a local vasoconstrictor. The main constituent is phenylephrine hydrochloride. Auxiliary components benzalkonium chloride 50%, polyethylene glycol, disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (disodium edetate), sodium phosphate disubstituted glycerol, potassium phosphate monosubstituted, purified water.
Medical testimony for application:
- Flu and other colds;
- Allergic diseases.
This drug must be used intranasally .
Dosage :
Children under one year - 1 drop every 6 hours;
Children from 1 to 6 - 1-2 drops every 6 hours;
Adults and children over 6 years old - 3-4 drops every 6 hours.
The drug has side effects: dizziness, headache, sleep disturbance, tremor, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, pallor, sweating.
For children under one year of age, the drug must be used strictly according to the doctor's prescription. Remember, self-medication can harm your child's health!
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by congestion, shortness of breath, sneezing, is called a runny nose. This simple and safe (erroneous opinion of many) disease can be isolated, or it can be accompanied by other pathologies. Treatment of a runny nose in children under one year old should be carried out with competent treatment and means, especially in infants, since there is a risk of developing serious complications.
Types of runny nose in infants
Runny nose is a commonly diagnosed inflammation of the nasal mucosa in children. They are sick and teenagers, and children of school age, and newborns / infants. In medicine, it is customary to distinguish between the following types of rhinitis:
- Infectious. Occurs against the background of influenza, measles, acute respiratory viral infection.
- Catarrhal (chronic). For a long time, and congestion does not go away day or night.
- Allergic. All signs of a runny nose appear periodically and are associated, most often, with the seasons of the year - for example, grasses bloom in spring, poplar fluff flies in summer, and ragweed blooms in autumn.
- Vasomotor. It is diagnosed in children with weakened immune systems, for whom even a small draft, subject to the presence of warm clothes, threatens to develop into a runny nose.
In the case of acute rhinitis (runny nose), three stages of rhinitis can be diagnosed:
- dry;
- wet;
- purulent.
Runny nose in infants - features of the course
Newborns are characterized by the development of a physiological runny nose - a condition that is associated with the adaptation of the nasal mucosa to the outside world and independent breathing. In the womb, the child did not breathe through the mouth and nose - oxygen was supplied through the blood through the umbilical cord. 
After birth, the body must get used to / adapt (go through a period of adaptation) to new living conditions and the nasal mucosa simply “calculates” the right amount of mucus to be produced. It is during this period that the baby may experience nasal congestion, the presence of mucus.
What is better to use nasal drops for a runny nose read.
With a physiological runny nose, the child does not experience discomfort and behaves absolutely calmly, therefore, fever, whims and sleep disturbance cannot be associated with this condition.
Runny nose symptoms
For each stage of acute rhinitis (runny nose), there are symptoms:
- at the beginning of the disease (dry stage)- dryness in the nasal passages, small patients experience discomfort (“itching”), a headache of a non-intense nature develops;
- wet stage- light-colored mucus begins to accumulate in the nasal passages, the mucous membrane swells significantly and there is complete nasal congestion;
- purulent- discharge from the nose acquires a yellow-green tint, stretching and viscous structure.
Snot in children is perfectly treatable, and in some cases, the treatment of snot in children completely disappears without the intervention of doctors and the use of drugs. If the runny nose lasts more than 3 weeks, then the risk of the transition of the disease to the chronic stage increases significantly.
The causes of swelling of the nose without a runny nose can be found.
Diagnostic measures
The doctor must differentiate the common cold from infectious diseases, in which the symptoms may be similar - for example, diphtheria, measles.
Treatment of the common cold in children from birth to 12 months
The peculiarity of the common cold in children under one year old is a problem in its treatment. The fact is that the baby is not able to blow his nose and the exit of mucus is difficult - it accumulates in the nasal passages, which can lead to the rapid development of a chronic form of rhinitis. 
If the child sneezes and snot, it is necessary to treat it comprehensively:
- provide the right humidity in the child's room- you can use special humidifiers or arrange containers with water, hang wet rags on the batteries;
- regularly clear the nose of mucus with cotton swabs before 9 months of age or with an aspirator for older children.
Many parents instill mother's breast milk into their nasal passages because it is believed to have antibacterial properties - this is a mistake! It is much more effective to use a weak saline solution for instillation (5 grams of salt per half a glass of water).
Medical treatment
If a baby has a runny nose, then the treatment should be extremely safe - in no case should drops and aerosols / sprays be used to relieve symptoms, for example, which are recommended for older children!
For babies over the age of 3 months, Nazivin drops can be used - they have a vasoconstrictive effect. If the baby is already 5 months old, then you can thin the accumulated mucus in the nasal passages with saline sodium chloride and then carry out the liquid suction procedure (aspiration). Find out how to properly rinse your child's nose.
It is also possible to take homeopathic remedies agreed with the doctor. No less effective remedy in the fight against the common cold is Aquamaris.
According to the instructions, children can wash their nose with Aquamaris from birth.
Good remedies for nasal congestion in babies aged 5-6 months include Otrivin, Xilen and Vibrocil. In the period from 7 months and older, you can safely drip Interferon - it has not only a therapeutic, but also a preventive effect.
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Remedies for the common cold for children under one year old are intended primarily for washing the nasal cavity. They are used before the suction of mucus and the use of other drugs.
The best remedy for cleansing the nose of children under 1 year old - Aqua Maris. It is allowed to be used from the first days of life. The preparation does not contain preservatives or dyes. The composition includes only natural ions of microelements of the Adriatic Sea. Iodine as an antiseptic, prevents the reproduction of pathogenic microbes. Calcium and magnesium help reduce mucus production. Zinc and selenium, stimulating the production of natural interferon, increase immunity.
The drug is produced in 2 dosage forms. Spray is not used for newborn children, because babies cannot hold their breath at the right time. Children under 1 year old are given Aqua Maris 4-5 drops per day. The drug protects the mucous membranes of the nose from drying out and removes bacteria with mucus. Aqua Maris does not cause side effects and is compatible with other medicines.
Drugs have a similar effect Aqualor, Dolphin, Physiomer, Salin, Gudvada. These products have an antiseptic, moisturizing, cleansing effect. They are used for infants under 1 year of age in the complex treatment of the common cold.
A good cold remedy for young children is an old but not forgotten silver preparation Protargol and its concentrated counterpart Collargol. Despite modern broad-spectrum antibiotics, these drugs still have not lost their relevance. Silver ions have an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and drying effect. Children are buried 1% Protargol solution 2 times a day, 1-2 drops for a week.
Important! Vasoconstrictor drugs cannot be used alone. They have many contraindications and side effects. When used for longer than 5-7 days, they are addictive, as a result of which the effectiveness of the drug decreases. They eliminate the runny nose, but after cancellation, nasal congestion remains for a long time.
For rhinitis, approved remedies are used:
These medicines provide symptomatic treatment for viral rhinitis and post-cold infections, but do not eliminate the infection itself. Doctors do not recommend using them in infancy.
Medicines for children after a year
The choice of remedies for the common cold for children from 1 year old and newborns differs little.
Vasoconstrictors for children after 1 year
The pharmacy chain sells a great variety of vasoconstrictor drugs of various dosage forms. But for young children, they are used in drops. Drugs approved for the treatment of rhinitis in children after a year:
- For the nose;
- Galazolin;
- Rhinonorm;
- Xylene;
- Sanorin-Xylo;
- Rinostop;
- Nazivin;
- Otrivin;
- Tizin-Xylo.
These funds reduce the secretion of mucus, quickly relieve swelling and allow the child to breathe. Children 1–2 years old use a 0.05% solution of 1–2 drops every 8–12 hours. Important! Do not use these products for more than 1 week.
Medicines for the common cold for children from 2 to 5 years
The principle of treatment of the common cold depends on the clinical picture of the disease. Doctors prescribe means of various actions:
Babies from 2 years old with rhinitis are also used to wash the nose with a saline solution. Aqualor and its analogues Aquamaster, Marimer. But for children from 2 years old with thick snot, a stronger hypertonic solution is used. Quicks. He is able to draw thick purulent discharge from the nose and even from the maxillary sinus. After washing with Quix, the swelling of the mucous membranes decreases. The contents of the cavities are easily separated after liquefaction with this remedy.
Vasoconstrictor drugs are used the same as for young children, but taking into account the dosage according to the instructions. Children 2 and 3 years old are allowed to use Tizin 2-3 drops three times a day. Its action appears 1 minute after instillation, and lasts 6 hours. Drops Nazol Kids for children from 4 years old - the best remedy for a cold. The Italian manufacturer took care of the safety and effectiveness of the drug. Phenylephrine constricts the vessels in the nose, and eucalyptol acts as an anti-inflammatory and moisturizing agent that makes breathing easier. According to the instructions, Nazol Kids is used for bacterial and viral rhinitis - 1-2 drops three times a day. Until the age of 6, Nazol Kids spray is not used.
Babies after 2 years of age with bacterial rhinitis use anti-inflammatory hormonal sprays - Nasonex, Dezrinit, Polydex. The resolving effect of Polydexes is determined by the incoming components - dexamethasone and antibiotics neomycin, polymyxin. The vasoconstrictor effect is created by phenylephrine. The injection is done 1 time per day. The main active ingredient of Nasonex and Dezrinit is a synthetic hormonal glucocorticoid mometasone furoate. Apply drugs for allergic and seasonal rhinitis.
Effective remedies for the common cold for children are represented by topical antibacterial drugs. Isofra French-made contains only the antibiotic framycetin. With a bacterial rhinitis, it is injected 3 times a day for a week. Children over 12 years of age with moderate rhinitis are used Bioparox, which includes an extract of plant components - mint, coriander, cumin and cloves. The spray is sprayed through the nose or mouth 1 time per day. Important! Children prone to allergies are not recommended to use this drug..
Medicines have a different composition. Preparations with glucocorticoids are contraindicated in young children. The doctor selects a treatment regimen individually for each patient, depending on the stage of the disease.
Cold pills
Medicines in the form of tablets are limited to children. During ARVI, antiviral tablets for the common cold are used for children - Arbidol, Remantadin, Groprinosin. But they only help at the beginning of the infection. Arbidol for children is used after 2 years of age 4 times a day for 5 days. A single dose of Arbidol 50 mg or 10 ml for a baby from 2 to 6 years old. Groprinosin is used as an immunostimulating and antiviral agent. It is allowed to give it to children from 3 years of age, 50 mg three times a day. The duration of treatment is 1-2 weeks. Important! The drug has contraindications for use. Read the instructions.
With a runny nose of allergic origin, doctors prescribe antihistamines. If rhinitis has just begun, apply Cetrin, Loratadine, combining with drops in the nose of a vasoconstrictor. In the advanced stage of allergic or seasonal rhinitis, they use - Claritin, Diazolin or Erius. The daily dose of Diazolin for a baby under 2 years old is 50 mg. Erius and Claritin tablets are contraindicated before 2 years of age.
Children over 12 years old use capsules Koldakt to eliminate colds with a runny nose and allergic manifestations. The drug is taken 2 times a day, 1 capsule.
ethnoscience
Children often fall ill on weekends when the nearest pharmacies are closed and the duty officer is far away. And it is not always possible to get out of the house with a baby in her arms. In such cases, folk remedies help children from a cold , impromptu cooked at home:
- For washing the nose, instead of Aqualor, they prepare saline solution at the rate of 1 tsp. table salt per 1 liter of chilled boiled water. The agent is used after suctioning the mucus with a children's enema or nasal aspirator.
- To reduce inflammation, use freshly squeezed aloe juice or kalanchoe, diluted with cooled boiled water in a ratio of 1:3. The composition is used for one-year-old children three times a day, 2-3 drops.
- With dried crusts, the mucous membranes are lubricated olive oil or vitamin A. After softening, they are removed with a cotton swab.
- Also used for rhinitis chamomile decoction. Its antiseptic properties reduce inflammation and prevent the growth of bacteria.
Folk remedies are not suitable for all children. How the undeveloped immune system of the child will respond to this or that intervention in the body is unknown.
The pharmacy chain offers many medicines for the common cold with different composition, action and form of release. Every day there are more and more of them. Only a doctor can understand them. After establishing the cause of rhinitis, the presence or absence of complications, the pediatrician selects an individual treatment regimen. At observance of appointments the rhinitis quickly passes or takes place.
A runny nose is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa. In children, this zone is too sensitive to external stimuli due to the immaturity of immunity. The causes of damage to the nose are various factors, even ordinary dust, not to mention viruses. Choosing a remedy for a cold for children is not easy. Parents carefully study them and select a medicine for a long time.
The best remedies for a cold for children are medicines with sea salt, they can be used from the very beginning of life, consisting of the following components:
- Iodine - as a powerful antiseptic, it quickly stops the reproduction of microbes.
- Zinc with selenium - improve the functioning of the immune system, help the body to more actively produce its own interferon.
- Magnesium and calcium - reduce the secretion of mucus.
Each cold medicine for children formulated with sea salt is used for rinsing procedures before sucking snot from the nose. It also perfectly moisturizes dry mucous membranes, normalizing nasal breathing.
Aqua Maris
The Aqua Maris medicine is, in fact, sterile sea water with natural trace elements in its composition - magnesium, calcium, sodium, etc. It is used for children according to the following indications:
- allergic reactions;
- acute/chronic;
- adenitis;
- for the prevention of rhinitis in the offseason;
- implementation of hygiene and moisturizing procedures for the mucous surface.
It has 2 release forms:
- Drops: bottle of 10 ml. They are prescribed to children from the beginning of life. According to the instructions, you need to instill the solution 3 times a day, 1 - 2 drops into the nostril. The average cost is 125 rubles.
- Spray from the common cold for children: a 50 ml can with a nozzle. It can only be used after 1 year. Also, the medicine is indicated for therapy and hygiene of the nose 1 - 2 injections 2 - 3 times a day. The average cost is 250 rubles.
Aqua Maris is safe for children. Allergy can be the only side effect, but it develops very rarely.
Aqualor Baby
Another remedy for sea water. The composition includes natural substances. This is sterile isotonic sea water with trace elements. The children's preparation not only cleanses and stops inflammation, but improves the functions of local immunity.
Aqualor Baby is used in such cases:
- treatment, as well as measures for the prevention of infectious lesions and inflammation;
- nasal hygiene;
- preparation before using other drugs.
Aqualor Baby comes in 2 forms:
- Drops: a bottle of 15 ml, it is permissible to use immediately after birth, instill 2-4 times in the nostril several times a day. The cost is about 110 rubles.
- Spray: 125 ml can, it has a good nozzle with a limiter so that the tip does not enter deeply. Spray is allowed to apply to children after 1 year. The approximate cost is 370 rubles.
Otrivin Baby
This drug is a sterile isotonic saline solution. promotes thorough cleaning and moisturizing of the nose, normalization of local immunity. The medicine is natural for the body in composition. It is used for:
- implementation of daily procedures for cleaning the nose of a child;
- therapy and prevention of rhinitis.
Produced in the form of drops, nasal spray for children:
- Drops: 5 ml bottle, suitable for children regardless of age: 2-4 drops are instilled into each nostril. Approximate cost 200 rubles.
- Nasal spray: in 20 ml cans, recommended for children over 1 year old. The average cost is 170 rubles.
Vasoconstrictor drops
The use of such funds is undesirable for infants. These medicines can dry out the nasal mucosa too much. In addition, they are addictive, which subsequently requires an increase in dosage and constant use.
Medicines affect not only the mucous surface, but also the vessels of the body. The main rule of application is the course of no more than 5 days and no more than 2 times a day. The dose for newborns should be appropriate for age, so the use of these drugs without the permission of a doctor is prohibited.
Vasoconstrictor drops are effective for infectious, catarrhal, allergic rhinitis. They do not cure, but only stop the symptom of congestion, making breathing easier, and relieve swelling. They should be used before going to bed so that congestion does not interfere with the baby's sleep. The most famous vasoconstrictor drops are:
- Nazol Baby;
- Nazivin;
- Vibrocil.
Vibrocil
This is a remedy with the main active ingredients - dimethindene and phenylephrine. An auxiliary component is lavender oil, which is why the solution has a specific aroma and taste. Vibrocil well relieves swelling of the nose and quickly facilitates breathing. Indications for use are:
- runny nose of any origin;
- sharp forms.
Vibrocil is available in drops, there is also a spray, gel form. Drops are shown to children under one year old, a spray is shown to children under 6 years old. Drops are buried in this way:
- children under one year old 1 drop in each nostril 3-4 times a day.
- after a year, 2 drops 3-4 times a day.
Before use, you need to get the approval of a doctor. First, it is thoroughly cleaned, and when dripping, a burning sensation, discomfort in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx are sometimes noted. The average price is 230 rubles.
Nazol Baby
Vasoconstrictor with the active substance phenylephrine. It improves breathing through the nose, reducing swelling of the mucosa. The drug is available in drops of 15 ml. The indications for use are:
- colds, SARS, influenza;
- allergic reactions.
The medicine is allowed from birth, but the dose is set according to the age of the child:
- children under one year old 1 drop 4 times a day;
- children after a year 1 - 2 drops every 6 hours.
Despite the intended use for children, the medicine has contraindications:
- treatment is prohibited for more than 3 days;
- pathology of the heart and blood vessels;
- diabetes;
- hypersensitivity to the components of the agent.
When using parents should strictly monitor the doses. When they are exceeded, overexcitation develops and the rhythm of the heartbeat is disturbed. Headache, dizziness, poor sleep and tingling in the nose are also sometimes manifested.
The average price of funds is 160 rubles.
Traditional medicine recipes for a cold in children
Before carrying out any procedures in accordance with folk recipes, a specialist consultation is required. Children of different age groups have different contraindications and propensities for allergic reactions.
Too aggressive substances provoke burns of the mucous surface. The most popular recipes are:
- Instillation into the nasal passages with freshly squeezed juice from carrots or beets. First you need to dilute it with water. The younger the age, the lower the concentration.
- Garlic is rubbed on a fine grater, mixed with olive oil and infused for several hours. In each nostril you need 1 - 2 drops of the solution, it stings a little.
- . It is necessary to cut a leaf of the plant and place it in the refrigerator for several days, then squeeze the juice, dilute and lubricate the nasal passages.
- Instillation with sea buckthorn oil 3 times a day. It stops the inflammatory process and softens the lesions, making breathing easier.
- Salt relieves puffiness well. You can rinse the nasal cavity with a solution of salt several times a day.
- Instillation of a decoction of medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory action: plantain, calendula, sage, coltsfoot. The collection is boiled for 5 minutes, cooled and filtered.
Nebulizer for children
The process of rhinitis therapy with a nebulizer helps with any type of runny nose. 
This is a portable inhaler for the home. With it, you can quickly soften the irritated surfaces of the nasal mucosa, eliminate cough and remove swelling.
For the procedure, mineral water, physiological saline, special medications prescribed by the doctor are added to the nebulizer.
The nebulizer is highly effective due to the inhalation of vapors of drugs that penetrate deeply without causing irritation or burns. Usually, a child-sized mask is included with the device. The main disadvantage is that babies under 2 years old are afraid of the noise during the operation of the nebulizer.
Combination medicines
From the common cold for children, the safest and most effective remedies are based on herbal ingredients. They have a combined effect:
- antiseptic;
- mucolytic;
- anti-inflammatory and decongestant.
The most popular combined remedy for a cold is Sinupret, but it is only allowed for children after 2 years.
Combined effective remedies for children from the common cold include and. They well remove puffiness, resist the defeat of viruses and stimulate the activity of the immune system. These drugs include: Edas-131 drops, Euphorbium Compositum spray. These are effective and completely safe medicines, but do not forget that only a doctor is involved in the selection.
Other drugs
- Dolphin - a solution for washing the nose, is very convenient to use for babies who find it difficult to explain that they need to wash their nose. Up to two years is used with caution. There is a special release form for allergy sufferers. In the package of the drug 10 sachets with powder for dilution, a device for washing. The process alleviates the symptoms of a runny nose, stops swelling, washes away accumulated secretions, destroying bacteria and microbes.
- Stickers Nozzle. They contain eucalyptus and camphor, which help ease breathing. If the baby removes the sticker on the clothes, you can fix it on the crib during sleep.
- Ointment Clean nose - significantly relieves the condition with a runny nose. It contains oils of mint, eucalyptus. It is applied to the sinuses from above, so as not to burn the mucous membrane, it helps to eliminate irritation and inflammation.
An incorrectly selected remedy will not bring results in treatment, but will only worsen the child's well-being. In this regard, before using a particular drug, it is better to get the advice of a doctor.
The modern pharmaceutical industry produces a large number of drugs for topical administration. These include such popular medicines as nasal drops.
They are water-based and oil-based, liquid and viscous, stored in the refrigerator and at room conditions.
What are the safe drops from the common cold for children
Great importance is given to special drops in the nose, which are available for children. Their peculiarity and difference from ordinary drops for adults can be both in a special dosage (at which the amount of the substance is reduced), and in the choice of those preservatives and additives that do not irritate the nasopharyngeal mucosa, burning, and are well tolerated by the baby.
Since a runny nose, both in an adult and in a child, is the result of the action of many processes (local inflammation, mucus secretion, nasal breathing disorders, the release of biologically active substances - histamine) and many other stages of the development of the disease, then the fight against it will be multi-stage. Children's therapeutic drops for intranasal administration exist to achieve the following goals:
- narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels (vasoconstrictor)
- elimination of a bacterial infection (antibacterial agents);
- fight against allergies (antihistamine drops);
- softening and nourishing the nasal mucosa (for example, oil-based drops).
In addition to the official means that are prescribed in the pharmacopoeial articles, there are also drops that are prepared on the basis of old folk recipes.
The main groups of children's preparations for intranasal administration, with which the common cold is treated, are discussed in more detail below.
Vasoconstrictor drops
Vasoconstrictive drops in the nose are the basis for eliminating swelling of the nasal mucosa. After all, edema occurs from the fact that a significant amount of blood is supplied to the focus of inflammation.
It is she who contributes to swelling and increased production of mucus, which is a response to inflammation. Therefore, the narrowing of the lumen of the vessels reduces blood flow, the severity of edema, inflammation and nasal congestion.
But, nevertheless, there are adrenomimetics of short, medium and long-term action.
Short acting (about 4 hours):
- Sanorin. The duration of the effect is about 4 hours. "Sanorin" can be used from 2 years of age. There is a form "Sanorin with eucalyptus oil". Duration of the course - no more than 7 days, apply no more than 3 times a day. The drug contains naphazoline. They have a drying effect.
- Family of drops "Nazol" based on phenylephrine. So, there are "Nazol baby" (from birth), "Nazol Kids spray" (from 6 years of age).
Medium action: (up to 6 hours):
- "Tizin xylo", "Xymelin", "Dlyanos". The dosage for children from birth is a 0.05% solution, for children from 6 years old a 0.1% solution is produced. The active substance is xylometazoline. Course - no more than 7-10 days;
- "Nazivin", "Nazol Advance", "Nazol". These drugs contain oxymetazoline, and they can be instilled once a day. Of these funds, "Advance" contains additional essential vegetable oils.
It is important to know that the uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictor drops can cause chronic vasospasm in a child, with the development of vasomotor rhinitis, which is the result of drug dependence on adrenergic agonists.
Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drops
There are a large number of these drugs that contain antibiotics and other substances. Since these drops act directly on the pathogen, they should be prescribed by a doctor. The most famous representatives used in pediatrics are:
Bioparox. A preparation containing fusafungin (an antibiotic). It comes in the form of a spray that is injected into the nasal passages. The drug well suppresses a number of microorganisms that are most common in rhinitis, has an anti-inflammatory effect. It is prescribed for children over 2.5 years old.
"Polydex". It is a combined antibacterial drug that has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Contains two antibiotics (neomycin and polymyxin) and the hormone dexamethasone. The hormone is not absorbed into the blood, but has a local effect, so you should not be afraid of its presence;
"Isofra". Available in the form of a spray, contains the antibiotic framecitin. Assign to babies from the age of one and a half years.
Antiallergic drops
Drugs for an allergic reaction are histamine receptor blockers. The most commonly used are the following drugs:
In addition to "pure" anti-allergic drops, it is possible to use combined drugs, for example, such as Vibrocil. It also contains phenylephrine, which, as stated above, has a vasoconstrictive effect. Source: website
Oil nose drops for children
For some reason, kids adore these droplets. Probably because they are interested in how this oil spreads inside the nose, because they have seen so many times how porridge is seasoned with it. Oil drops are designed to soften the tense and hyperemic mucous membrane of the nasal passages.
- "Pinosol". Contains peppermint, eucalyptus, pine, fat-soluble vitamin E, and antimicrobial agents. Indicated for children from 2 years old;
When using Pinosol, you need to know that he alone is unable to quickly alleviate the symptoms, since he is an adjuvant. It helps well not with acute, but with prolonged and chronic rhinitis, when there is anemia and an atrophic process on the mucous membrane, which can lead to dryness. 
Moisturizing drops
Recently, pharmacies have been in great demand for prophylactic drops that contain saline in therapeutic concentrations. It has long been noticed that the inhabitants of coastal marine areas almost do not suffer from a runny nose, and if they do, they quickly remove it by drawing salty sea water into their noses. On sale there are drugs such as:
- "Sialor Aqua";
- "Salin";
- "Aqua Maris";
- "Aqualor";
- "Physiomer".
Their effect is based on the ability of salts to “pull out” inflammation. Of course, it is much better to use clean sea water and spit it out through your mouth, but only older children can do this, as this may seem unpleasant.
A big plus of these water preparations is their good tolerability and the possibility of use in the smallest. The main thing to remember is that this remedy is unable to quickly "make the nose breathe" alone, and in complex therapy, sea water preparations, both in the form of drops and in the form of a spray, are very useful.
The baby drops we listed above are not all equally safe. Therefore, in this section we list the safest drugs. So, from vasoconstrictor drugs, Nazol Baby, Nazivin and Nazivin Sensitive of the weakest concentration can be prescribed.
From 4 months of age, you can use "Otrivin - baby" containing sea water. All other moisturizing preparations are recommended to be used without restriction, 10-12 times a day. You can also drip pure olive oil into the nose of the kids.
As clinical practice shows, the vast majority of children's "snot" is of a viral nature and seasonal occurrence: in autumn - spring. These viral rhinitis, nasopharyngitis are most often associated with long walks, "wet feet" and other incidents.
Therefore, specifically for the prevention and enhancement of antiviral immunity, there are the following drugs that are indicated for use in childhood:
- « Grippferon"- a drug that is active against many adenoviruses that are "responsible" for most catarrhal rhinitis;
- Nasal drops " Genferon - Light". They are also created on the basis of leukocyte antiviral interferon. Since the drops contain taurine, these drops are contraindicated in the first months of a child's life;
- t, which increases the nonspecific resistance of the organism. The drug is the sodium salt of DNA, and is used in many protective, reparative and restorative processes. Very well tolerated by children, including up to a year old.
Rules for the use of drops in the nose
Above, a fairly impressive list of various infusion drops has been presented that can be used for many pathological conditions and a wide range of symptoms and diseases. But how to do it right? There is a special algorithm, the observance of which will help to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect:
First you need to clear the nasal passages as much as possible so that the medicine does not accumulate on the outside. Older children can be asked to gently blow their nose, and the baby will have to manually, with the help of a clean cotton swab, with neat, rotational movements, rid the nasal vestibule of the remnants of a known composition that have accumulated there;
In the event that the examination reveals redness of the skin or the inner surface of the nasal passages inside the nostrils (this is easy to see with an LED or headlamp), then you need to gently moisten it with petroleum jelly or olive oil, also applied to the stick;
The baby needs to be put on the back, and the head is tilted to the side.. After instillation, the child is given a light massage of the nasal wing to evenly distribute the drug over the largest area of the mucous membrane. Then the same action is done on the other side.
Caution should be exercised against the widespread practice of instilling drugs in children while sitting with their head thrown back. After the head is lowered, many drops pour down.
That is why it is much more efficient to purchase drugs that are available in the form of a metered spray, since a dense cloud of drops immediately settles on the mucous membrane, and there is no need to wait long.
Parents should be warned not to use a douche, a bulb, a balloon, or a small "enema" to put drops in the baby's nose. The thing is that you can accidentally create a very large pressure in the Eustachian tube, which can lead to barotrauma of the membrane and hearing impairment up to deafness.
We have reviewed a sufficient number of different local preparations for intranasal administration, which are shown to babies. Parents often ask a question that sounds like this: “Which drops are the best?” In fact, there is no single answer to this question.
In each group there are different best drops, depending on what criteria to evaluate. After all, in the end, the drug should be prescribed by the attending physician. But even on your own, having come to the pharmacy, you can navigate by the following signs:
Safety. This is the first thing to consider. The drug may not help and be useless, in this case it's just a waste of time and money. But in the event that it worsens the condition of the child, or causes an allergic reaction, then everything will be much more serious. Therefore, it is necessary to choose, if possible, those drugs that are indicated from a very early age;
Ease of introduction. The advantages of metered spray sprayers over conventional pipettes are obvious, although their cost is higher;
Quality. In the event that there is a choice, then you need to prefer the original drugs. So, a ten-year-old boy can be offered domestic Naphthyzin in a plastic tube that needs to be cut off, otherwise you can scratch the nasal mucosa to the point of blood when injected into the nasal passage. Polish-made Sanorin spray is also allowed, which is introduced gently and painlessly, and sprayed with one click;
As well as:
- Shelf life and storage conditions;
- Number of contraindications;
- The speed of the desired effect.
Of course, this is an approximate scheme, and everyone can find their own answer to this question.
Traditional medicine offers a sufficient number of prescriptions for drugs that are instilled into the nose. Currently, they can be used as ancillary as part of complex therapy, or as the main ones, if they are used for prophylactic purposes. Here are some examples:
- Sea water or a solution of table or sea salt. The desired concentration should be close to the salinity of the blood plasma, or 0.9%. To achieve this, you need to take one part of salt per hundred parts of water (for simplicity, we take 1%) - for example, 10 grams per liter of water, or two teaspoons without a slide. With this solution, you can rinse your nose, or you can drip.
Drops in the nose from the pharmacy
In the event that you decide to purchase medicine for your child at a pharmacy on your own, then it is advisable to choose a drug, write down the names of the drops, study all contraindications and the age at which the drug can be prescribed.
When choosing, you need to ask and once again carefully read the official instructions, which are the ultimate truth and an official document. It must be remembered that antibacterial drugs should be bought only as prescribed by a doctor - a pediatrician or a pediatric otorhinolaryngologist.
In conclusion, I would like to remind you that if the treatment of the common cold is started in a timely manner, then you can get by with just drops, without the use of pills, potions, and even injections. Therefore, you need to carefully monitor the health of the baby, harden it, if possible, increase the level of its immunity so that it grows strong and healthy.