Presentation on the topic "Ural". Presentation on the topic Ural Geographical location and nature of the Urals presentation
Rivers and lakes of the Urals
Slide subtitle
One of the most picturesque and high-mountain lakes in the Urals - Zyuratkul, its height above sea level is more than 700 meters. As if in a cradle, nature laid the lake surrounded by five high ridges.
The largest lake in the Southern Urals is Uvildy. The total volume of water in it is more than one billion cubic meters. The length of the coastline is more than one hundred kilometers
One of the features of the reservoir is its numerous islands. Birch, Alder, Beech, Elm, Spruce
The lake can be called a real pearl of the Southern Urals Turgoyak. This is one of the cleanest and most transparent lakes on the planet. It is also called little Baikal.
Kisagach– translated from Bashkir means “to cut the forest.” And indeed, the mirror-like surface of the lake cuts through the protected forests of the Ilmensky Nature Reserve. They say that the water in the lake is so pure and healing that even animals come here to heal their wounds.
There is not a single similar lake in the Southern Urals, each is remarkable in its own way. For example a lake Bolshoye Miassovo- the coldest.
A Spruce, located just a few kilometers away, is the warmest lake in the Urals.
On the shore Big Elanchik, which translates from Turkish as “snake”, there are tracts with the unusual name “Pencil Pits”. These pits appeared during the search for graphite in 1826.
The first Russian settlers who crossed the Belt Stone, as the Ural Mountains were then called, immediately noticed a beautiful lake, which in Bashkir sounds like - Chebarkul
Lake Itkul- “Sacred Lake”. The area of the lake is 30 square km. Maximum depth 16 meters.
Lake Arakul– a beautiful lake, with a variety of fish and crayfish, and mountains surrounding the lake, and the main attraction of these places – Arakul Shikhan
Lake Talkov Stone- one of the most beautiful lakes in the Middle Urals, surprisingly, was born not by nature, but by man
Baraus- mountain lake. Most of the lake is located on the territory of the Ilmensky Nature Reserve. The lake is small, but the local landscapes have a special charm and unique comfort.
“Pearl of Bashkiria”, “sea of three cities”, “mountain fairy tale” - this is what tourists call it Nugush reservoir.
Sugomak natural complex includes a lake Sugomak, Sugomak cave, Mount Sugomak
River Ural– the ancient name is Yaik, by decree of Catherine II it was renamed Ural.
River Chusovaya- the most famous, most beautiful river of the Urals with a rich history. It is unique in that it is the only one in the world that flows in two parts of the world at once; it crosses the Ural ridge three times.
River Usva is the right tributary of the Chusovaya River
Its forested slopes sometimes have very beautiful rocky outcrops. Stone Overhanging .
damn finger on the Usva River.
The Belaya River is very picturesque and is distinguished by its extraordinary purity; it flows rapidly in a beautiful valley, squeezed by high mountains. Yuraktau and the Belaya River.
River Persha.
capelin- a very beautiful river, deserted and difficult to access.
River Wells- a large tributary of the Vishera. The current is fast, but the river is shallow and has a lot of riffles.
River Vishera- one of the largest Ural rivers.
One of the most famous Ural waterfalls, extremely rare in the region - Plakun, the water in which, even on the hottest day, does not heat above 5 degrees.
Internet resources
http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/4611100/post235100449/
template source:
Ranko Elena Alekseevna
primary school teacher
MAOU Lyceum No. 21
Ivanovo
Geographic region in Russia, stretching between the East European and West Siberian Plains. The main part of this region is the Ural mountain system. In the south of the region there is also part of the Ural River basin, which flows into the Caspian Sea.
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“Presentation on geography on the topic “Ural” (grade 9)”
The presentation was developed by a student of grade 9a MBOU "Secondary School No. 2"
Evpatoria
Volkovoy Alexander
Ural
- Ural- a geographical region in Russia, stretching between the East European and West Siberian plains. The main part of this region is the Ural mountain system. In the south of the region there is also part of the Ural River basin, which flows into the Caspian Sea.
Composition of the Ural Federal District:
- Kurgan region (Kurgan)
- Sverdlovsk region (Ekaterinburg)
- Tyumen region (Tyumen)
- Khanty-Mansiysk District (Khanty-Mansiysk)
- Chelyabinsk region (Chelyabinsk)
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Salekhard)
Legends of the Urals
- “Ural” in Bashkir means belt. There is a Bashkir tale about a giant who wore a belt with deep pockets. He hid all his wealth in them. The belt was huge. One day the giant stretched it, and the belt lay across the entire earth, from the cold Kara Sea in the north to the sandy shores of the southern Caspian Sea. This is how the Ural ridge was formed.
Nature
- The Ural Mountains consist of low ridges and massifs. The highest of them, rising above 1200-1500 m, are located in the Subpolar (Mount Narodnaya - 1895 m), Northern (Mount Telposis - 1617 m) and Southern (Mount Yamantau - 1640 m) Urals. The massifs of the Middle Urals are much lower, usually no higher than 600-650 m. The western and eastern foothills of the Urals and piedmont plains are often dissected by deep river valleys. There are many rivers and lakes in the Urals and the Urals; the sources of the Pechora and Ural rivers are located. Several hundred ponds and reservoirs have been created on the rivers. The Ural Mountains are old (they arose in the late Paleozoic) and are located in the region of the Hercynian fold.
- The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; precipitation is distributed unevenly not only across regions, but also within each region. The climate of the mountainous regions of Western Siberia is less continental than the climate of the West Siberian Plain.
- Within the same zone on the plains of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals, natural conditions differ markedly. This is explained by the fact that the Ural Mountains serve as a kind of climatic barrier. To the west of them there is more precipitation, the climate is more humid and mild; to the east, that is, beyond the Urals, there is less precipitation, the climate is drier, with pronounced continental features.
- Several centuries ago the animal world was richer than it is now. Plowing, hunting, and deforestation have displaced and destroyed the habitats of many animals. Wild horses, saigas, bustards, and little bustards have disappeared. Herds of deer migrated deeper into the tundra. But rodents have spread to the plowed lands. In the north you can meet the inhabitants of the tundra - reindeer. Otters and beavers are found along the river valleys. The sika deer was successfully acclimatized in the Ilmensky Nature Reserve; muskrat, beaver, deer, muskrat, raccoon dog, American mink, and Barguzin sable were also resettled.
Flora
- The differences in landscapes are noticeable as you climb. In the Southern Urals, for example, the path to the tops of the largest Zigalga ridge begins with crossing a strip of hills and ravines at the foot, densely overgrown with bushes and herbs. Then the road goes through pine, birch and aspen forests, among which there are glimpses of grassy glades. Spruces and firs rise above like a palisade. Dead wood is almost invisible - it burns out during frequent forest fires. In flat areas there may be swamps. The peaks are covered with scattered stones, moss and grass. The rare and stunted spruces and crooked birches that come across here do not in any way resemble the landscape at the foot, with multi-colored carpets of herbs and shrubs.
Taiga
Siberian spruce, cedar, larch with an admixture of birch
Norway spruce, fir, pine with an admixture of birch and aspen.
Forest-steppe
Broad-leaved species: oak, linden, maple, elm, birch.
Subpolar Urals
It is distinguished by the significant height of its mountain ranges. Here is the main peak of the Narodnaya ridge. Traces of ancient glaciation, moraine ridges...
Northern Urals
One of the remote and hard-to-reach areas of the Urals. In the mountains
a lot of snow. The rocks and outcrops are of great interest.
Middle Urals
The lowest part of the Ural Mountains. It is here that the famous Chusovaya crosses the Ural ridge.
Southern Urals
The warmest and brightest. The Ural mountainous country ends here.
Sources
- Yandex. Images https://yandex.ru/images/
- Multilesson https://site/
- National Geographic Russia http://www.nat-geo.ru/
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Story
The ancient inhabitants of the Urals were the Bashkirs, Udmurts, Komi-Permyaks, Khanty (Ostyaks), Mansi (formerly Voguls), and local Tatars. Their main occupations were farming, hunting, fishing, cattle breeding and beekeeping. Communication between indigenous peoples and Russians goes back centuries. Back in the 11th century. Novgorodians paved a waterway to the Urals and Siberia. They founded their first settlements in the Urals in the upper reaches of the Kama; they were attracted here by fur riches. The 18th century is the century of development of the mining industry of the Urals. At this time, geographer V.N. Tatishchev was studying the natural resources of the Ural Mountains and describing them. He substantiated the need to build a large industrial center in the Urals and chose a location for it. This is how Yekaterinburg was founded. Geological research in the Urals was actively carried out in the 19th century. A. P. Karpinsky, I. V. Mushketov, E. S. Fedorov. The mining industry of the Urals was studied and helped to improve by the famous scientist D.I. Mendeleev.
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I. V. Mushketov
E. S. Fedorov A. P. Karpinsky
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Geographical position
The Urals is a geographical region in Russia and Kazakhstan, stretching between the East European and West Siberian plains. The main part of this region is the Ural mountain system. The Urals are located at the junction of Europe and Asia and are the border between these regions. The stone belt of the Urals and the adjacent elevated plains of the Urals extend from the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the semi-desert regions of Kazakhstan in the south: for more than 2,500 km they separate the East European and West Siberian plains.
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The Southern Urals are the widest southern part of the Ural Mountains. The mountains of the Southern Urals represent the remnants of an old mountain system, which, along with the entire territory of the modern Chelyabinsk region, covered a significant adjacent part of modern Bashkortostan and the territories to the east of the region. Even earlier, apparently, there was an ancient ocean in this place. The highest points are mountains Yamantau (1638 m) and Iremel (1582 m).
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The Middle Urals are the lowest part of the Urals, lying between 56° and 59° N. w. , approximately 60°E. d. Average heights are 250-500 m, in the north up to 994 m (Mount Middle Baseg). Mount Jurma is considered the southern border. There are many minerals in the Middle Urals, especially metals: (iron, copper, gold, etc.) and stones (malachite, etc.). Many of the mines have been in use for centuries and are almost exhausted.
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The Northern Urals are part of the Ural Mountains, stretching from the Kosvinsky Kamen and the neighboring Konzhakovsky Kamen (59° N) in the south to the northern slopes of the Telposis massif, or more precisely, to the bank of the Shchuger River, which goes around it from the north. The Northern Urals are one of the most remote and inaccessible regions of the Urals. Bear's Corner is the name of one of its peaks. North of Ivdel, Vizhay and Ushma there are almost no settlements and therefore no roads. Impenetrable forests and swamps approach the mountains from the east and west. The climate here is already quite harsh. There are many snowfields in the mountains that do not have time to melt during the summer. There are also patches of permafrost, up to the latitude of Konzhakovsky Kamen. And although there are no glaciers in these areas, two small glaciers were found in the karas of Telposiz - the highest massif of the Northern Urals.
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The Subpolar Urals is a mountain system in Russia, stretching from the sources of the Lyapin (Khulga) River in the north (65º 40' N) to Mount Telposis ("Nest of the Winds", height about 1617 m) in the south (64º N) . The area of the mountainous region alone is about 32,000 km². The main rivers of the western slope: Kosyu and Kozhim This is the highest part of the Urals, a mountain node within which the mountain system changes direction from southwestern to submeridional. It is represented by large isolated massifs. Several peaks have heights of more than 1600 m: Mount Karpinsky (1662 m), Neroika (1646 m), Kolokolnya (1649 m). Here is the highest point of the Urals - Mount Narodnaya.
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The Polar Urals is a mountainous region in northern Eurasia, on the territory of Russia, the northernmost part of the Ural Mountains. The northern border of the region is considered to be Mount Constantine Stone, and the region is separated from the Subpolar Urals by the Khulga River. Area - about 25,000 km². The Polar Urals are located on the border of Europe and Asia, on the territory belonging to the Komi Republic and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The conventional border of the parts of the world coincides with the border of the regions and runs mainly along the main watershed of the ridge, separating the Pechora (in the west) and Ob (in the east) basins.
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Relief
The relief of the Urals clearly distinguishes two strips of foothills (western and eastern) and a system of mountain ranges located between them, stretched parallel to each other in the submeridional direction, corresponding to the strike of the tectonic zones. There may be two or three such ridges, but in some places their number increases to six to eight. The ridges are separated from each other by extensive depressions along which rivers flow. The Urals consists of meridional ridges and ridges, separated by longitudinal and transverse valleys of the upper rivers Shchugor, Ilych, Podcherya, Pechora, Vishera and their tributaries. The total width of the mountain strip is 50-60 km, and with foothill ridges - up to 100 km. The Ural Mountains are low. Only some of their peaks exceed 1500 m. The highest point of the Urals is Mount Narodnaya (1895 m). A characteristic feature of the relief of the Urals is the presence of ancient leveling surfaces raised to different heights. Therefore, flat-topped or dome-shaped ridges and massifs predominate here, regardless of their height. Many researchers studied them in different parts of the Urals. However, to date there is no consensus on either the number or age of these surfaces. Different researchers in different parts of the Urals, and sometimes in the same territory (for example, the Southern Urals), identify from one to seven surfaces.
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Schematic diagram of the structure of the main structural elements of the Urals
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Climate
The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; precipitation is distributed unevenly not only across regions, but also within each region. The climate is sharply continental, harsh, with long frosty winters and short cool summers. Precipitation in the most elevated areas of the western slope falls from 1000 to 1500 mm per year. The eastern slope is drier - from 600 to 800 mm. The West Siberian Plain is a territory with a harsh continental climate; in the meridional direction its continentality increases much less sharply than on the Russian Plain.
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Soils
The soils of the foothills are similar to the zonal soils of the adjacent plains. In the north they are represented by tundra-gley loamy soils and tundra podburs on stony-crushed eluvium and colluvium of bedrock. These soils approach the foothills of the mountains on the western slope up to 65° N, and on the eastern slope only up to the Arctic Circle. To the south, taiga soils are widespread in a wide strip - gley-podzolic, podzolic and sod-podzolic in combination with marsh soils. In the Cis-Ural region south of Perm, they are replaced by gray forest soils with patches of podzolized, leached and typical chernozems gradually increasing to the south. In the Trans-Urals at these latitudes, leached chernozems with areas of meadow-chernozem and small patches of gray forest soils predominate. In the Sakmara River basin in the Cis-Urals, and in the Trans-Urals south of the Uy River, i.e. 180 - 200 km to the north, the dominance in the soil cover passes to southern chernozems, which are replaced in the southeast by southern solonetzic chernozems and dark chestnut solonetzic soils. Mountain soils of all types found in the Urals have some common features. They have a short profile and are saturated with clastic material. The most common and diverse here are mountain forest soils: podzolic, brown-taiga, acidic non-podzolized, gray forest and soddy-carbonate. Mountain chernozems are found in the Southern Urals. In the north and in the upper parts of the mountains, mountain tundra soils and mountain podburs are common. The soil cover of the mountains is interrupted by rocky outcrops, and in some places by rocky placers.
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Vegetation cover
The Urals are quite monotonous. About 1,600 plant species take part in its formation. The poverty of the Urals in endemic species is explained by its middle position on the continent. In the far north, from the foothill plains to the mountain peaks, tundras are common. Plain tundras on the slopes give way to mountain tundras. Near the Arctic Circle, the tundra turns into a high-altitude zone. Forests are the most common type of vegetation. They stretch in a continuous strip along the mountain slopes of the Urals from the polar slope to the sublatitudinal section of the Sakmara River. The forests of the Urals are diverse in composition: coniferous, broad-leaved, small-leaved. Coniferous forests of Siberian spruce and Scots pine predominate. The dark coniferous forests, most characteristic of the Urals and the western slopes of the mountains, include Siberian fir and cedar. The most widespread are fir-spruce forests. There are practically no pure larch forests in the Urals. In the southern part of the taiga of the Cis-Urals (south of 58° N), an admixture of broad-leaved species appears in the composition of coniferous forests: linden, Norway maple, elm, elm. True coniferous-deciduous and broad-leaved forests are distributed only on the western slopes of the mountains of the Southern Urals. The linden forests of Bashkiria are widely known. Oak forests are also common here. Small-leaved birch and birch-aspen forests are much more widely represented in the Urals. They are distributed throughout the Urals, but there are especially many of them in the Southern and Middle Urals.
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Natural resources
The natural resources of the Urals are very diverse and have a huge impact on its level of development. The Ural region has mineral resources, fuel, and non-metallic minerals. The Urals ranks first in the world in terms of reserves of certain types of mineral resources. Among the natural resources of the Urals, the most important are its mineral resources. The Urals have long been the country's largest mining and metallurgical base. And the Urals ranks first in the world in the extraction of some mineral ores. Placers of gold and deposits of platinum were found in the mountains, and precious stones were found on the eastern slope. The skill of searching for ore, smelting metal, making weapons and artistic items from it, and processing gems was passed on from generation to generation. In the Urals there are numerous deposits of high-quality iron ores (mountains Magnitnaya, Vysokaya, Blagodat, Kachkanar), copper ores (Mednogorsk, Karabash, Sibay, Gai), rare non-ferrous metals, gold, silver, platinum, the best bauxite, rock and potassium salts in the country (Solikamsk, Berezniki, Berezovskoye, Vazhenskoye, Ilyetskoye). In the Urals there is oil (Ishimbay), natural gas (Orenburg), coal, asbestos, precious and semi-precious stones. The hydropower potential of the Ural rivers (Pavlovskaya, Yumaguzinskaya, Shirokovskaya, Iriklinskaya and several small hydroelectric power stations) remains a far from fully developed resource.
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Rivers and lakes
The rivers belong to the basins of the Arctic Ocean (on the western slope - Pechora with Usa, on the eastern slope - Tobol, Iset, Tura, Lozva, Northern Sosva, belonging to the Ob system) and the Caspian Sea (Kama with Chusovaya and Belaya; the Ural River).
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Slide 1
URAL Kozlova I.A. Teacher of geography and biology, Staraya Russa, Novgorod region. MAOU secondary school No. 8Slide 2
Geographical location The territory of the Urals is located in the interfluve of the great rivers Volga-Kama and Ob-Irtysh. From west to east, the Urals are conventionally divided into three parts. The first part is the Western Urals, or the Cis-Urals, the Urals. Here the western foothills of the Ural Mountains gradually transform into the Russian Plain. The second part is the Ural Range, or Mountain Urals. The Ural range from north to south is divided into Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle and Southern. The third part is Trans-Urals. The eastern slope of the Ural ridge ends with a protrusion into the West Siberian Lowland.
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Relief In the relief of the Urals, two strips of foothills (western and eastern) and a system of mountain ranges located between them, stretched parallel to each other in the submeridional direction corresponding to the strike of the tectonic zones, are clearly distinguished. There may be two or three such ridges, but in some places their number increases to six to eight. The ridges are separated from each other by extensive depressions along which rivers flow. As a rule, ridges correspond to anticlinal folds composed of more ancient and durable rocks, and depressions correspond to synclinal folds.
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Relief The Ural Mountains are located in northwestern Russia. They lie between the East European and West Siberian plains. The length of the Ural ridge is more than 2000 kilometers, width - from 40 to 150 km. The highest point of the Urals is Mount Narodnaya (1895 m). The Ural Mountains were formed in the late Paleozoic during an era of intense mountain building (Hercynian folding). The formation of the Ural mountain system began in the late Devonian (about 350 million years ago) and ended in the Triassic (about 200 million years ago). In ancient sources, the Ural Mountains are called the Riphean or Hyperborean Mountains. Russian pioneers called it Stone; under the name Ural, these mountains were first mentioned in Russian sources at the end of the 17th century.
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Climate The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; precipitation is distributed unevenly not only across regions, but also within each region. The West Siberian Plain is a territory with a harsh continental climate; in the meridional direction its continentality increases much less sharply than on the Russian Plain. The climate of the mountainous regions of Western Siberia is less continental than the climate of the West Siberian Plain. It is interesting that within the same zone on the plains of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals, the natural conditions are noticeably different. This is explained by the fact that the Ural Mountains serve as a kind of climatic barrier. To the west of them there is more precipitation, the climate is more humid and mild; to the east, that is, beyond the Urals, there is less precipitation, the climate is drier, with pronounced continental features. The climate of the Urals is varied. The mountains stretch for 2000 km in the meridional direction, and the northern part of the Urals is located in the Arctic and receives much less solar radiation than the southern part of the Urals, located south of 55 degrees north latitude.
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Northern Urals This region is wider and higher than the Middle Urals (up to 1600 m). The area is located in a mountainous zone covered with forests. The climate is more severe. The area is sparsely populated. In the Northern Urals there are Pechora-Ilychsky and Vishera nature reserves (the fourth largest in Europe). There are a lot of berries and mushrooms in the forests, and there is good fishing in the rivers. Tourist routes pass through uninhabited areas in complete autonomy.