Industrial railway transport at the enterprise. Railway industry in Russia Railway engineering in Russia

Railroad industrial transport carries out a volume of transportation three times greater than mainline transport (approximately 3.0 billion tons per year). The length of communication routes of industrial railway transport is more than 95 thousand km, 60% of access roads have an average length of 1.5-2.5 km. The share of time spent by cars on industrial transport tracks in the total turnaround time of cars is 20-22%.

Railroad industrial transport in open-pit mines (quarries) operates on steep slopes, on temporary tracks, and with other technologies in the mining industry, its operation depends on the depth of mineral deposits, the method of stripping, the equipment used, slopes, trench lengths, etc. .

The freight load of this type of transport ranges from several thousand to 20 million tons per access road per year. Its paths are characterized by a large number of curved sections with a small radius (100 m or less). Industrial railways must withstand heavy loads at speeds of 8-15 km/h.

Diesel locomotives with a capacity from 150 to 4000 hp are mainly used on factory premises. s, but in mines and in some open-pit mining and processing plants, electric locomotives with a power of up to 2100 kW are used. To transport cargo from deep quarries (500 m or more), special electric trains or traction units have been created. Hybrid locomotives and traction units are being created that operate as diesel locomotives or electric locomotives (if contact networks are available). To transport some goods, specialized rolling stock is used, for example, cast iron carriers for liquid metal with a carrying capacity of up to 140 tons (and over long distances - up to 600 tons), slag carriers with a carrying capacity of 48 tons for molten slag at a temperature of 1400-1500 ° C, dump cars (dump cars) with a carrying capacity up to 200 tons, etc. Specialized rolling stock makes up approximately 70%.

Since there is no centralized management system in industrial transport, in order to increase the efficiency of the use of industrial railway transport, united enterprises have been formed, and in large industrial hubs - intersectoral enterprises of industrial railway transport (IPIT), serving cargo owners of different departments. Under market relations, PPZhT became independent joint-stock enterprises and firms. The Promzheldortrans concern was created, the length of the rail track is 5000 km. For better interaction between PPZhT, a cargo ownership association (GRASSO) has been created, which includes transport enterprises from various sectors of the national economy. In the context of a decline in transportation volumes and competition, transport enterprises are merging and work is being carried out to harmonize their actions in the transport services market and tariff policy with mainline railway transport.

To ensure safety, operational control of train movement on the territory of the enterprise and communication with external transportation, various systems are widely used.

To increase the efficiency of use of industrial railway transport, united enterprises were formed, and in large industrial hubs - inter-industry enterprises serving cargo owners of different departments

Railway industry concept

The term "railway industry" is extremely rare. Therefore, sometimes there is confusion with its interpretation. Sometimes it is identified with railway transport, sometimes with the mechanical engineering industry. But the truth is in the middle.

Definition 1

The railway industry is a set of industries that ensure the construction of railways, their operation and the railway engineering industries.

Thus, we are dealing with an intersectoral complex. Its industries belong to both construction and mechanical engineering and transport. The industry structure of this complex has the following composition:

railway engineering;
railway transport;
road construction;
service industries (energy, communications, electrical engineering, etc.).

The railway industry dates back to the invention of the steam engine and its installation on a locomotive.

Railway engineering in Russia

Definition 2

Railway engineering is the branch of transport engineering that produces various types of railway equipment (locomotives, cars, transport platforms, etc.).

For a long time, due to its economic backwardness, Russia was forced to purchase railway equipment abroad. Russia's main trading partners were Great Britain and Germany. In the 19th century, it was Britain that was the world leader in the development of capitalism in general and railway transport in particular.

Railway engineering in Tsarist Russia was represented by car-building and car-repair enterprises in St. Petersburg (Petrograd) and Moscow. Locomotives were purchased mainly from Great Britain. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Lugansk Steam Locomotive Plant began its work, and a plant began to be built in Kharkov. Steam locomotive repair enterprises opened in Moscow, Kyiv, Kolomna and St. Petersburg.

After the October Revolution and the civil war, the young socialist state found itself under international economic blockade. To restore the economy destroyed by the war and boost the economy, the development of railway communication was required. The government managed to conclude an agreement with German companies for the supply of the first batches of steam locomotives. Subsequently, a course was set for the priority development of heavy engineering (including railway).

During the years of Soviet power, war-damaged buildings were restored and new railway engineering factories were built. The construction of the Moscow metro should also be included among the new buildings of the first Soviet five-year plans. The main draft force was steam locomotives. The railway network and railway engineering factories located on the territory of the European part of the Soviet Union were thoroughly destroyed during the Great Patriotic War.

The second half of the twentieth century is characterized by the development of railway electrification. For this purpose, electric locomotive plants were built in Novocherkassk and Tbilisi. Passenger cars were built in Riga and Kalinin, freight cars - in Kremenchug, Dneprodzerzhinsk, Abakan and Barnaul. Part of the rolling stock was imported from the countries of the socialist camp (diesel locomotives from Czechoslovakia, carriages from Poland). But this was not caused by the insufficiency of domestic machine-building capacities, but by political interests (maintaining the economy of the socialist countries of Europe).

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the railway complex, like the entire economy, experienced a crisis. But the development of the economy and the scope of the territory of Russia served as the basis for the formation of a domestic market for railway engineering products. Currently, Russian railway engineering includes the following sectors:

locomotive building (diesel locomotive building and electric locomotive building);
carriage building (production of freight and passenger cars);
production of track equipment.

The largest railway engineering companies at present are: Transmashholding (plants in Bryansk, Kolomna, Novocherkassk), Uralvagonzavod, Altaivagonzavod, Tikhvin Freight Car Building Plant, Armavir Heavy Engineering Plant. They provide supplies to the domestic market of all types of required products - freight and passenger cars, gondola cars, platforms, tanks, isothermal cars, diesel locomotives and electric locomotives. Regarding locomotives, Russian mechanical engineering produces both mainline locomotives, as well as shunting and shunting locomotives. The latter are used in various metallurgy, mechanical engineering, mining and logging enterprises.

Railway mechanical engineering is characterized by high material consumption. Therefore, machine-building enterprises in this industry gravitate towards metallurgical bases. Currently, the geography of railway engineering is represented by the Central region, St. Petersburg, the North Caucasus, Nizhny Tagil, Altai, and Abakan.

An important component of the complex under consideration is the production of track equipment. The leading enterprises in this industry are the Kaluga plant "Remputmash", the Abdulinsky and Vereshchaginsky railway equipment plants. It is worth noting that Russian railway engineering currently requires significant investment.

Railway construction and railway transport in Russia

Due to the vast territories of the country, railway transport has played and continues to play an important role in the Russian economy. The country has one of the largest railway networks in the world. Its total length exceeds 124 thousand kilometers. More than a third of them are currently electrified. In terms of the length of railways, Russia is second only to the United States.

Rail transport in Russia accounts for 27% of passenger traffic and almost 45% of freight traffic (excluding pipeline transport). Unfortunately, Russian railway transport is characterized by relatively low competitiveness. In terms of the quality of railway infrastructure, Russia is only in 23rd place (and in terms of the quality of general transport infrastructure - in 74th place).

The first railways were built in Russia in the 19th century (Tsarskoye Selo road, Odessa-Balta road). The country's railway network is characterized by territorial disproportion. The most developed railway network is in the European part of the country. For a long time, the only highway in the Asian part of Russia was the Trans-Siberian Railway. During the years of Soviet power, new highways were laid. Road electrification has been carried out. In the 21st century, high-speed locomotives of domestic production were put into operation. The leader in Russian railway transport is the company OJSC Russian Railways.

Mine, factory, power plant or other industrial facility, the task of which is to transport industrial goods (products, raw materials, production waste) from one industrial facility to another, or, most often, from the facility to a station included in the Russian Railways network.

PPZhT operates according to the rules of technical operation common to all railways, but is not subordinate to JSC Russian Railways. PPVT lines, called access roads, are not included in the Russian Railways network. In places where the PPZhT lines adjoin the Russian Railways network, it is mandatory to install a reset switch and a “access road boundary” sign.

PPZhT belong to non-public routes.

As a rule, the main type of PPZhT locomotives are diesel locomotives. But many PPZhT coal mines and quarries may have electric locomotives that are used for removing overburden. In exceptional cases, electric locomotives can be used on the access roads of other enterprises, for example, electric locomotives of the GET and 410K types were on the Elektrozavodskaya branch in Moscow.

PPZhT usually have the following scheme: from the junction station owned by Russian Railways (in exceptional cases, another PPZhT), the access route begins. An example of a PPZhT adjacent to another PPZhT is JSC Zheleznodorozhnik (Novokuznetsk). The line may have an industrial station in front of the enterprises, so as not to have to have cars ahead along a long track. In addition, an exhibition of wagons can be held at this station, since it is necessary to smooth out the unevenness of transportation. If PPZhT diesel locomotives do not have the right to enter the Russian Railways tracks, then a transfer station is built in front of the junction station.

Large PPZhT may have several junction stations. Example - Prokopyevsk vocational school, UZDT OZSMK. In some cases, it is possible to join one station, but from several sides - for example, from both necks. Example - Kiselevskoe vocational school.

Equipment with signaling systems can also vary greatly depending on local conditions. Many PPZhT use radio communication as the only means of communication; there is no centralization of arrows and signals. Large PPZhT may have signaling systems that are not inferior to Russian Railways stations, full shunting centralization of stations, automatic blocking or semi-automatic blocking on stretches, and so on.

Association "Promzheldortrans" - Association of joint-stock companies and state-owned enterprises of intersectoral industrial railway transport "Promzheldortrans" unites major legal entities in the industry to coordinate their activities, represent common interests in government and other bodies, as well as in international organizations; provides consulting, production and engineering services. Coordination of entrepreneurial, scientific and technical, economic, financial, investment and other activities of member organizations of the Association, representation and protection of their interests in government bodies and public organizations.

The association was created in 1995. Until 1995, PPZhT were part of the federal railways of Russia, and then they were corporatized. It was in those years that the reform of railway transport began. Currently, PPZhT are independent specialized organizations of railway transport.

The change in forms of ownership did not change the nature of the production activities of joint stock companies. PPZhT are legal entities and carry out transportation, loading and unloading and other work to serve their clients, which are quite labor-intensive and expensive.

The Promzheldortrans Association was created in March 1995 with the aim of consolidating the activities of intersectoral industrial railway transport organizations and representing their interests in legislative and federal executive authorities to ensure equal partnership in the transport services market.

The association unites 50 joint-stock companies that provide services to industrial and construction enterprises of the Russian Federation. Organizations included in the Association are located in all regions of Russia: from the Kaliningrad region to the Primorsky Territory.

List of industrial railway transport enterprises (PPZhT) as of 10/13/2015:

State Unitary Enterprise "Argunskoe PPZhT"
OJSC "Artemovskoye PPZhT"
OJSC "Berezovskoye PPZhT"
OJSC "V-Sibpromtrans"
OJSC PZhT "Vladimir"
OJSC "Vladpromzheldortrans"
OJSC "Volgogradpromzheldortrans"
CJSC "VPZhT", Voronezh
OJSC "Voskresensk PPZhT"
CJSC Gornozavodsktransport
JSC "Gubakhatransport"
State Enterprise "Dzhankoy MPPZhT"
LLC "Zheleznodorozhnik", Naberezhnye Chelny
JSC "Zhukovskoe PPZhT"
JSC "Zheleznogorsk PZhT"
LLC PZhT "Zheldortrans", Makhachkala
CJSC "Zavolzhskoe PPZhT"
LLC "IzhPromTrans"
OJSC "Promzheldortrans", Kaliningrad
OJSC "Kirovpromzheldortrans"
OJSC "Klimovsky ATK"
OJSC "Klinskoye PPZhT"
OJSC "Krasnodarpromzheldortrans"
OJSC "Krasnokamskpromzheldortrans"
CJSC "Lytkarinskoe PPZhT"
LLC Magistral
MGOAO "Promzheldortrans"
OJSC "Mir SK PZhT"
OJSC "Novo-Ryazanskoe PPZhT"
CJSC "Noginskoe PPZhT"
OZDH LLC, Cheboksary
Orlovskoe PPZhT LLC
OJSC "Ochakovo-Promzheldortrans"
OJSC "Podolsk PPZhT"
State Enterprise "Simferopol MPPZhT"
OJSC "Stupinsky Promzheldortrans"
SC Promzheldortrans LLC
OJSC "Sibpromzheldortrans"
JSC "Transport", Solikamsk
OJSC North-West Promzheldortrans
CJSC North-West Promtrans
JSC Technopark Lobnya
CJSC "Tuchkovskoe PPZhT"
OJSC "Uralpromzheldortrans"
OJSC "Ussuriysk PPZhT"
OJSC "Khabarovsk PPZhT"
Chekhov OJSC "Promzheldortrans"
CJSC "MYS"

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Own industrial railway transport at an enterprise carrying out serious business activities involving the transportation of products, raw materials, production waste, etc. is not a luxury, but an urgent necessity. Today, the activities of industrial railway transport cover more than 10,000 enterprises of all industries.

The interaction between mainline railway and industrial transport involves the transportation of goods from one business entity to another, most often from a specific industrial organization to a station within the structure of Russian Railways. At the same time, the activities of industrial railway transport account for about 90% of the total number of freight traffic carried out on public railways.

Industrial railway transport at an enterprise in any industry has the same infrastructure as the railway transport of JSC Russian Railways, namely:

1) Access roads, the gauge of which is almost universally 1524 mm, and the length ranges from 100 m (for small enterprises) to over 400 km (for industrial giants);

2) Traction rolling stock - traction rolling stock includes:
locomotives, in most cases - diesel, since industrial access roads (non-public tracks) are not equipped with a contact network: diesel locomotives, traction modules, railcars;
cars of the most varied configurations: covered cars, gondola cars, hoppers, platforms, dump cars, tanks, refrigerators, etc.

3) Specialized service organizations whose competence includes such types of work as, maintenance and.

All work on industrial railway transport is regulated by the same regulatory and technical documents and instructions as work on public railway tracks.

They have enormous experience behind them on big hardware. That is why we are pleased to offer you the entire range of our products, starting from and ending with your railway facilities.

Our traction train - diesel locomotives ChME3, TEM-2 (7, 15, 18), TGM-4 (6, 23), etc., under the control of first-class drivers, will transport any of your cargo over any distance. At the same time, you don’t have to worry about or loading wagons - that too.

In addition, we will coordinate all possible issues with the relevant services of JSC Russian Railways, thus establishing interaction between mainline railway and industrial transport for your enterprise.