Rip strongly. What to do with vomiting? Diseases that cause frequent vomiting

Vomiting is a complex reflex act necessary to remove toxic substances from the stomach, but it can occur due to various functional, organic disorders. Often it is preceded by nausea. These symptoms accompany all sorts of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine and nervous systems, and even infectious diseases (especially in children). To get rid of these unpleasant manifestations, it is necessary to determine the type of nausea and vomiting (this will help determine the cause), and then the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Why Vomiting and Nausea Occurs

Sometimes nausea occurs due to irritation of the vestibular apparatus. So, it is this process that underlies seasickness.

Most often, nausea precedes vomiting, but it happens that vomiting occurs without the unpleasant sensation of a lump rolling up to the throat. Sometimes there is no vomiting after nausea. These painful symptoms arise due to the activation of the center of vomiting, and not only pathological processes serve as a stimulus, but also:

disgusting sensations (gustatory, visual, olfactory);
irritation of the vestibular apparatus and interoreceptors (seasickness).

Also, a special chemoreceptor zone, the trigger zone, is interconnected with the center of vomiting. Toxins that enter the stomach stimulate chemoreceptors, the signal from which enters the trigger zone. Mediators are released in it and the vomiting center is stimulated, from which impulses are sent to the abdominal muscles. They contract and push the contents of the stomach out. The stomach itself does not take part in the reflex act.

This is not a complete list of all those functional disorders and pathologies accompanied by vomiting and nausea. These unpleasant symptoms can even be psychogenic, arising from strong emotional experiences, nervous overstrain. That is why, in order to accurately determine the cause, it is necessary to undergo an examination.

What is vomiting and nausea

In the pathology of the digestive tract, vomiting occurs, as a rule, due to the use of heavy, fried, fatty foods, and the patient usually feels relieved after vomiting.

Nausea and vomiting most often occur due to pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and the appearance of toxins in the blood. There are such types of these painful manifestations:

visceral;
central origin;
hematogenous-toxic.

The clinical manifestations of these types of vomiting are different. For differential diagnosis, it is necessary to pay attention to such signs:

When vomiting occurs. Its appearance is provoked by certain foods (for example, fatty foods), it appears in the morning or at any time of the day, regardless of the meal, or immediately after a meal. For example, if the subcardiac part of the stomach is affected, vomiting begins shortly after eating, and in case of pyloric pathology, after 2–2.5 hours.
Nausea can be an independent symptom or precede vomiting. Sometimes, to alleviate the condition, patients themselves induce vomiting. In some diseases, nausea does not precede vomiting. For example, strong gushing vomiting that occurs without a feeling of its approach indicates an increase in intracranial pressure.
Does the patient's condition improve after vomiting.
The nature of the vomit. It is necessary to determine their acidity, whether they contain impurities of bile, blood or undigested food.
Clinical, laboratory and instrumental signs of the underlying disease. The patient is sent to take a blood test, urine. If a pathology of the gastrointestinal tract is suspected, it is recommended. With vomiting of central origin, a study of the nervous system (nystagmus, examination of the fundus) is necessary.

Careful examination and questioning of the patient helps the clinician most accurately determine the type and cause of vomiting and nausea:

Esophageal vomiting that occurs with stricture, it is not preceded by nausea. It appears after eating, not abundant. In the vomit there are undigested pieces of food, it has an alkaline or neutral environment.
Gastric. It is usually preceded by nausea. It appears 1-1.5 hours after eating, at the height of digestion. The vomit is acidic and contains partially digested pieces of food. The presence of blood in them, as a rule, indicates. After vomiting, the patient feels relief. With tumors of the stomach and esophagus, vomit has a putrefactive character.
With pyloric stenosis, vomit is neutral or alkaline. They contain a large amount of undigested and partially digested food eaten the day before (food leftovers can even be from food eaten the day before the attack). Vomiting in this case is profuse.
Due to a violation of the patency of the duodenum, bile is found in the vomit. Especially if the pathology has arisen distal to the nipple of Vater.
Visceral vomiting caused by pathology of the liver, bile ducts, renal colic does not alleviate the patient's condition.
Vomiting of central origin occurs at altitude due to increased intracranial pressure. It often happens without nausea preceding it and does not alleviate the patient's condition.
Hematogenous-toxic vomiting, especially in children under one year old, is one of the main symptoms of an infectious disease. It is accompanied by an increase in temperature and the presence of other signs (for example, cough, runny nose with or acute respiratory infections).

It should be remembered that vomiting is not only a painful symptom of the disease. It can lead to dire consequences:

Prolonged vomiting causes dehydration, alkalosis, disruption of the heart.
Intensive - causes rupture of the esophagus and other serious consequences.
In children of the first year of life, vomiting can cause death.

Therefore, there are many different tablets for nausea and vomiting. But the doctor will prescribe them after he determines the type of these unpleasant symptoms and the reason why they arose.

Conclusion

Vomiting and nausea is a reflex act necessary to protect the body from poisoning, because it is not without reason that unpleasant taste and smell sensations cause it. It occurs with a disorder of the vestibular apparatus, but most often indicates the presence of a pathological process. Which one, the specialist will determine. When these unpleasant and painful symptoms appear, it is necessary to consult a therapist, a gastroenterologist.

With vomiting of central origin, you need to be examined by a neurologist, less often - by a psychiatrist. If there is a suspicion of acute myocardial infarction, the help of a cardiologist will be required. And already these specialists will determine why nausea and vomiting arose and how to get rid of them.

Vomiting is an involuntary act in which, as a result of contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall and diaphragm and a decrease in the tone of the muscles of the fundus of the stomach, its contents are quickly thrown through the esophagus into the oral cavity. This phenomenon, as a rule, is always preceded by a feeling of nausea, increased salivation, a change in the rhythm of breathing and an increase in heart rate. Vomiting is a mechanism for cleaning the body in case of poisoning, overeating, infection.

Vomiting can also occur against the background of diseases of the digestive system and the nervous system. The appearance of this symptom should be taken responsibly and seek the help of specialists, especially if it is repeated many times within one day or periodically over several days. Based on the analysis of the composition of vomit, their color, consistency and conditions of occurrence, one can obtain information about the cause that caused them and, depending on this, decide what to do with vomiting in each specific situation.

Causes of vomiting

Gagging begins to appear in a person after a special signal arrives in the stomach from a special center located in the medulla oblongata. Irritation of the vomiting center can be caused by impulses from the digestive organs, the vestibular apparatus, or a direct effect on it in the brain. In this regard, the causes of vomiting can be:

food poisoning;
intoxication with chemicals or alcohol;
binge eating;
seasickness;
side effects from taking medications;
high body temperature at the beginning of the development of infectious diseases;
brain diseases (meningitis, trauma, migraine, the presence of neoplasms, etc.);
early toxicosis of pregnant women;
diseases of the digestive tract;
increased intracranial pressure;
disorders of the nervous system.

Vomit, in addition to food debris and gastric juice, may contain impurities of bile, mucus, traces of blood or pus

In order to find out the reason for the doctor to decide what to do with vomiting, the patient first collects an anamnesis. At the same time, it is necessary to evaluate:

the time of onset of vomiting and the duration of persistence of symptoms;
the relationship of vomiting with food intake;
the presence of other symptoms that appeared simultaneously or some time before the vomiting attack;
color, smell and consistency of vomit.

Vomiting is often one of the symptoms of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, while it is accompanied by a feeling of pain in the abdomen. With gastritis, vomit contains recently eaten food and bile. With peptic ulcer, tumors, damage to blood vessels in the digestive tract, vomiting with blood is noted. In the case of intestinal obstruction, the vomit secreted acquires a specific smell of feces. Vomiting with copious secretion of bile is observed during exacerbation of cholecystitis. Also, vomiting can be observed in patients with acute appendicitis.

Important: Vomiting is not a specific symptom of any disease. Its appearance requires a visit to the doctor and clarification of the diagnosis. It may be accompanied by diarrhea, high fever, deterioration in general condition, headaches and other associated symptoms.

Helping a person with nausea and vomiting

What helps with vomiting and how to prevent an attack? Vomiting is always preceded by a feeling of nausea, increased salivation and increased respiration. In some situations, the occurrence of a vomiting attack can be prevented at this stage using fairly simple methods. However, this is not always necessary. If vomiting is the result of intoxication with drugs, chemical compounds or spoiled food, then it is necessary to give the body the opportunity to cleanse itself, and only then take measures to prevent repeated vomiting.

How to get rid of nausea?

For mild nausea that is not accompanied by vomiting, the following actions are recommended to alleviate the condition:

drink small portions of cold water with the addition of lemon juice;
provide fresh air and breathe deeply;
take a comfortable position of the body, it is advisable to sit down or lie down even better;
suck on lozenges or drink special medicines if nausea is caused by motion sickness;
drink water with a tincture of mint or take sedatives if the cause of nausea is nervous stress.

If, with nausea, a person has intense vomiting, then it is necessary to induce vomiting by pressing on the base of the tongue. After cleansing the stomach, the condition improves almost immediately.

The onset of vomiting is often preceded by a feeling of nausea.

Help with vomiting

First aid for vomiting is not to interfere with the cleansing of the stomach and not to try to forcefully stop the vomiting process. What to do after the onset of vomiting? It is necessary to ensure a comfortable position of the patient's body, putting him in a chair or on a bed. In case of repeated attacks, a bowl or basin, a towel are placed nearby, and the chest is covered with oilcloth. After each release of vomit, a person is given a glass of water to rinse his mouth.

If the person is unconscious, an ambulance should be called. Before her arrival, the patient is placed on the bed on his side so that his head is below the level of the body. Make sure that the outgoing vomit does not create obstacles for breathing.

After an attack of vomiting, it is recommended to drink more fluids to prevent dehydration. It can be ordinary boiled water or gas-free mineral water, glucose-salt solutions (Rehydron, Gastrolit, Trihydron, etc.) They will help cleanse the body of toxins and restore the water-mineral balance. You need to drink in very small portions, starting with 10 ml, gradually increasing the volume so as not to provoke a new attack.

Timely replenishment of water lost with vomit is necessary to prevent dehydration.

What to drink in case of poisoning and vomiting? In case of intoxication of the body, enterosorbents are usually prescribed. These include activated charcoal and its analogues, Enterosgel, Smecta and other drugs. In case of poisoning, in no case should you try to suppress vomiting, toxins that have entered the body should be able to exit.

Important: With repeated repetition of vomiting attacks, you should consult a specialist. If the spewing vomit contains traces of blood, you need to urgently call an ambulance. Before her arrival, it is forbidden to give a person any medications, as well as anything to eat or drink!

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Vomiting is not a pleasant feeling, it can be caused by both ordinary food poisoning and illness. Often, nausea occurs first. Treatment of vomiting in adults does not take much time, but if it recurs regularly for no apparent reason, this is a reason to see a doctor.

What is vomiting

Vomiting is the process of ejection of the contents of the stomach out through the esophagus. The patient vomits in attacks, each of which is accompanied by characteristic spasms in the abdomen. The ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) code for vomiting is R11.

The composition of the vomit includes the remains of undigested food, a certain amount of gastric juice and mucus. If, in addition, blood clots, bile or pus are noticeable in the mass, you should immediately consult a doctor. Due to foreign impurities, vomit may have:

green;
yellow;
brown and other shades.

Why does a person vomit?

If we talk about the purely physiological side of the process, a separate part of the brain is responsible for vomiting. The body reacts to its irritation in such an unpleasant way. Gagging can also be induced by stimulation of the posterior pharyngeal wall. For what reasons the patient can vomit:

Allergic reaction. With individual intolerance, some foods can cause nausea.
Binge eating. When eating too much food at one time, there is often a feeling of lightheadedness. This is especially true for fatty foods, fried, smoked and a lot of spices.
Poisoning. Too much alcohol or stale food often causes nausea and vomiting.
Smoking. The components of tobacco smoke during smoking fall not only into the lungs, but also into the stomach when swallowing saliva. Excess harmful substances irritate the stomach walls, which causes a feeling of nausea.
Psychological condition. The feeling of lightheadedness can occur with severe stress or too strong emotional stress.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Weak vestibular apparatus.
Head injury. Nausea and vomiting are one of the symptoms of a concussion.
Pregnancy. Vomiting is a frequent companion of pregnant women, especially in the early stages.

Vomiting is often accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms:

sticky sweat;
headache;
palpitations, etc.

Classification of vomiting

Depending on the cause, according to the classification, vomiting is divided into two types:

primary;
secondary.

In the first case, gastrointestinal diseases become the cause of nausea. All other causes are secondary vomiting:

infections;
nervous system disorders, etc.

Methods of its treatment vary depending on the type of vomiting. First of all, after removing the urge, it is necessary to eliminate their cause.

What is the danger of vomiting

Together with vomit, a large amount of water leaves the body, so if vomiting is constant, this leads to dehydration. In addition, the patient loses many useful microelements, as a result of which the balance is disturbed. What other consequences could there be?

the appearance of seizures;
suffocation due to ingestion of vomit into the respiratory tract;
exhaustion due to the inability to eat normally;
damage to the stomach walls;
thinning of tooth enamel due to constant contact with an acidic environment.

In very rare cases, vomiting can lead to death. Most often, this happens if the victim lies on his back and cannot roll over himself.

Symptoms and signs of vomiting

First of all, this, of course, is nausea and vomiting, but there are other signs and symptoms of vomiting:

abdominal pain;
thirst;
dry mouth;
belching or heartburn;
Strong headache;
weakness;
pallor;
trembling in the hands;
cold sweat;
fever (rare).

It is necessary to urgently consult a doctor or call an ambulance if the following symptoms are added to the listed symptoms:

foreign impurities in the vomit (blood, pus, etc.);
trauma to the head or internal organs;
despite the provision of first aid, vomiting does not stop;
child or old age of the victim;
a sharp deterioration in well-being.

The causes of vomiting are not always obvious, so further testing will be required.

Diagnostic methods

In the vast majority of cases, the diagnosis of vomiting is not difficult. However, in some situations, it is difficult to establish the cause of this condition only by the symptoms. To make an accurate diagnosis, a more thorough examination for the presence of gastrointestinal diseases or other diseases will be required. In addition to examining, measuring body temperature and determining the degree of dehydration, laboratory tests of blood and urine may also be required.

How to treat?

In most cases, the disease can be managed independently. First aid for vomiting is as follows:

The patient must be put to bed, making sure that access to the container for vomiting is free. The head should be below the level of the body.
You can not interfere with the process - in case of poisoning, toxins are released from the body along with vomiting.
Before giving any medicine, it is important to make sure that most of the contents of the stomach have already been expelled.
If the stomach is empty and vomiting continues, mint drops or activated charcoal can be used. The number of tablets depends on the body weight of the victim.
At first, you should do without food, but drinking is simply necessary to prevent dehydration.
With too much vomiting, neuroleptics, for example, Aminazine, help.
When complaining of abdominal pain, the patient should be given pain medication.

Here are some more home remedies for nausea:

If you are concerned about vomiting during pregnancy, you can drink lemon water in the morning or eat more ginger, adding it to your meals.
Soda solution helps with nausea (1 teaspoon per glass of boiled water).
Strong black or green tea helps to relieve nausea.

If the patient continues to feel sick for 1-2 days, it is necessary to call a doctor.

What to do with vomiting in children

Unlike adults, the treatment of vomiting in children must be approached with greater care. Many parents mistakenly believe that the baby is vomiting because of too fatty food or because of poisoning, and if the attack is one-time, then you don’t have to worry at all. In fact, everything can be much more serious:

meningitis;
acute appendicitis;
allergic reaction to medications;
severe poisoning;
ailments accompanied by a very high temperature.

A sick child needs a complete gastric lavage until only water comes out instead of vomit. After the stomach is completely cleansed, a strict diet will be required.

Preventive measures

To prevent vomiting, first of all, you should monitor your own diet. It is better to throw away poor-quality or expired products immediately, and not to hope that just one day of delay will not do harm.
For those who suffer from "seasickness", it is best to ride in the front seats. If possible, it is better to look only into the windshield, and not the side ones. It is also not recommended to read books, constantly shaking text while driving can also cause nausea.
Babies under 6 years of age should definitely be given antipyretics at very high temperatures. Otherwise, a strong fever and cough can provoke vomiting. If this does not help, and even more so there are complications after vomiting, you should consult a doctor.

Project consultant, co-author of the article: Ovchinnikova Natalya Ivanovna| Gastroenterologist, Hepatologist, Infectionist
Experience 30 years / Doctor of the highest category, Candidate of Medical Sciences

Education:
Diploma in General Medicine, Novosibirsk State Medical Institute (1988), Residency in Gastroenterology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (1997)

Vomiting is nothing more than a reaction of the body to the intake of harmful substances or toxins.. So the stomach tries to cleanse itself in order to prevent the absorption of poisons into the bloodstream and further poisoning of the whole organism. And although vomiting can be considered a natural process, this condition very quickly leads to dehydration and disruption of many organs and systems. To prevent this, you need to know how to stop vomiting at home.

Causes of vomiting in adults

Nausea and vomiting in adults can be the result of food poisoning, alcohol intoxication, drug overdose, and inhalation of toxic substances. In addition, vomiting may be a combination of symptoms in infectious diseases of the digestive tract and with weakness of the vestibular apparatus.

In case of poisoning with low-quality food products, vomiting occurs a short time after eating. Although in some cases the first symptoms of poisoning appear only after a day.

If an overdose of drugs has occurred, then vomiting may occur after half an hour or an hour. It all depends on how quickly the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream.

With individual intolerance to alcohol or excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, vomiting can occur immediately after the product enters the stomach. This is due to the toxicity of ethanol in relation to the cells of the body.

If a person inhales the vapors of toxic substances, then first there is severe dizziness, which may be accompanied by hallucinations and nausea. Gagging may appear a little later, when the concentration of the toxic substance in the blood reaches the limit.

The appearance of a gag reflex is a protective mechanism of the body, with the help of which it tries to cleanse itself of toxic substances. If vomiting is not permanent and does not exhaust the person too much, then it should not be stopped immediately. Due to this unpleasant process, the body will be cleansed, and recovery will come faster.

First aid for vomiting

Many people are interested in the question - what can be done to stop vomiting? Some people, when observing such symptoms in themselves or relatives, begin to panic. In fact, everything is not so sad, and this phenomenon can be quickly stopped. It all depends on what causes vomiting.

Food poisoning

To quickly stop nausea and vomiting in case of poisoning with low-quality food, a number of measures must be taken:

Thoroughly flush the stomach with plenty of water. This procedure will help cleanse the digestive tract of food debris that provoked poisoning. Washing is best done with a weak solution of sodium chloride or a slightly pinkish solution of potassium permanganate. The procedure is repeated until the waste water is absolutely clean.
If vomiting does not stop after gastric lavage, then adsorbents are mandatory. They attract toxic substances and bacteria to themselves, and then gently remove them from the body.
The patient is provided with a good drinking regimen to replace fluid lost during vomiting. You can give strong tea, a decoction of wild rose or chamomile. Tea with mint and lemon balm also helps well, it is able to calm the stomach after vomiting.

If it was not possible to stop vomiting with the help of such methods, it is necessary to consult a doctor who can prescribe treatment.

Drug overdose

If a person has taken too much medication and is vomiting, then you should immediately call an ambulance. Some drugs can lead to irreversible effects in a short period of time. Before the arrival of a team of doctors, the victim is washed with a stomach and given a lot to drink.

The packaging of the drug that caused the poisoning must be shown to the doctor. This will speed up the diagnosis and help to quickly prescribe the right treatment.

In case of drug overdose in pregnant women and the elderly, it is not recommended to wash the stomach at home. This can lead to rapid dehydration. Such patients are allowed to drink in fractional portions until the doctor arrives.

Infectious diseases of the stomach

If vomiting is provoked by an intestinal infection, then they immediately resort to washing the stomach and intestines.. This allows you to remove the maximum number of pathogenic microorganisms. To prevent dehydration, the patient is given a lot and often to drink, a rehydron solution is well suited for this. This drug quickly restores the electrolyte balance in the body. In order not to provoke repeated attacks, the medicine should be given in small portions, but very often.

If vomiting does not stop even after gastric lavage, you can take an antiemetic. Cerucal or motilium is suitable for this, these medicines are taken in accordance with the instructions.

It is advisable not to take pills for nausea and vomiting at the first urge. If you stop the unpleasant process immediately, then most of the bacteria will remain in the body and recovery will be delayed.

poisonous fumes poisoning

If a person has inhaled gas or toxic fumes of chemicals, then to begin with, it must be taken to fresh air and freed from tight clothing. Usually these actions are enough to prevent vomiting. In the event that unpleasant urges arise, you can give the victim a cup of sweet tea or coffee to drink. After gas poisoning, the patient must be supervised all the time, as he may lose consciousness and choke on vomit.

Vomiting on motion sickness

Many people, especially children, get sick in transport. This is due to a weak vestibular apparatus. It is impossible to recover from such a feature of the body, but you can slightly alleviate the condition of a person who is prone to motion sickness. To relieve nausea and prevent vomiting, the following measures will help:

mint or eucalyptus caramel, which is held on the cheek during the trip;
a tablet of validol, which is slowly absorbed under the tongue;
Fruit caramel on a stick;
a slice of lemon along with the peel behind the cheek.

An adult or child in transport needs to be provided with a comfortable position. Usually, nausea stops after a person takes a horizontal position or at least puts his head down.

How to stop vomiting quickly

To quickly stop vomiting at home, a number of conditions must be met:

Put the patient to bed, cover with a blanket and ensure complete rest.
Do not offer food to a person, but give a drink in large volumes, but in very small doses.
After each bout of vomiting, wash the patient with cold water and let the mouth rinse, ideally the teeth can be cleaned with mint paste.
When the attacks become rare, you can begin to solder the victim more actively. Compotes, decoctions and fruit drinks are suitable for this.

If severe vomiting does not stop during the day, it is necessary to show the patient to the doctor..

It is important to remember that indomitable vomiting can be a symptom of such a dangerous disease as appendicitis. In this case, in addition to vomiting, there is severe pain on the right side of the abdomen and high fever. This disease can only be treated surgically.

In what cases you need to quickly call a doctor

There are several cases in which a person needs to be urgently taken to the hospital on their own or call a team of doctors. These include:

There is a significant admixture of scarlet blood in the vomit.
Vomiting produces copious amounts of bile.
The patient's body temperature rises above 39 degrees in a short period.
The person is in an unconscious state.
There is fresh or digested blood in the stool.
Convulsions began.

A doctor is also needed in case of drug poisoning. Some drugs inhibit cardiac activity, so they can cause collapse in a short time.

When not to artificially induce vomiting

First aid often requires gastric lavage and induction of artificial vomiting. This procedure removes the bulk of harmful substances from the body and prevents their absorption into the bloodstream. Not all people know that it is impossible to provoke vomiting in a number of conditions, this will lead to even greater intoxication and damage. It is forbidden to induce vomiting in such cases:

during pregnancy in women at all stages;
when a person is unconscious;
if poisoning occurred with chemical burning substances.

Folk recipes for vomiting

You can stop even severe vomiting thanks to traditional medicine recipes. At home, tea with lemon and honey will help against indomitable vomiting.. Tea can be used both black and green. The last drink has a more invigorating and tonic effect.

You can also stop vomiting with peppermint tincture. It is especially good for pregnant women. This plant is completely harmless for both the woman and the unborn child. It is allowed to use this medicinal herb in the treatment of children.

You can dissolve a piece of ginger for nausea and vomiting. In addition, the spice can be grated, pour boiled water and add a spoonful of honey. Such a delicious drink effectively soothes the stomach and relieves spasm.

You can take with persistent vomiting a tablespoon of potato juice. This simple remedy almost instantly stops vomiting and improves well-being.

Another effective way to quickly get rid of nausea and vomiting is ammonia. Cotton wool or a napkin is moistened with this agent and allowed to be smelled by the patient. Moreover, a window should be open in the room so that the inhalation of ammonia is alternated with the inhalation of fresh air.

If an adult has nausea and vomiting, then do not panic. Adults tolerate this unpleasant condition more easily than children, and complications are less common. First you need to determine the cause of nausea, and then provide first aid. To do this, you need to know how to stop vomiting in an adult. If vomiting occurs after emergency care and treatment at home, then this is a reason to see a doctor.

Nausea is a feeling of deep aversion to food. It leads to belching or vomiting.

Nausea and vomiting are reactions to signals from the brain. This signal causes the abdominal muscles to contract and the muscular ring between the stomach and esophagus, called the esophageal sphincter, to open. As a result, the contents of the stomach, which normally should go down the digestive tract, are pushed up and out of the mouth by reverse contractions of the esophagus.

The reasons

Call your doctor right away if you vomit blood, if you have severe abdominal pain, or if you have had a recent head injury.

Nausea and vomiting can be early signs of pregnancy or occur for a variety of other reasons. This is for example:

stomach ulcer;
inflammation of the liver (hepatitis);
inflammation of the appendix (appendicitis);
acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa (gastritis);
gallbladder disease;
digestive tract infection;
disorders of the central nervous system;
food poisoning;
anxiety;
pain;
binge eating;
alcohol poisoning;
surgical intervention;
migraine;
radiation therapy.

Symptoms

Nausea and vomiting are often accompanied by:

increased salivation;
sweating;
rapid pulse;
blanching of the skin;
rapid breathing.

What to do

Call your doctor right away if you vomit blood, if you have severe abdominal pain, or if you have had a recent head injury. If a small child is vomiting severely, a doctor should be called immediately (see “If the child is vomiting”).

Urgent medical attention is needed for those who are very sick, vomit frequently, or if vomiting does not stop for more than 24 hours.

If the patient is unconscious and vomiting, lay him on his side with his neck stretched out (unless there is reason to fear injury to the head, neck or back). This will prevent choking on vomit.

For a head injury, roll the casualty to the side position. This will ensure the outflow of vomit and air access. When rolling, it is necessary to ensure that the neck is motionless.

For ordinary nausea and vomiting accompanied by indigestion, make the patient comfortable. When the vomiting stops, replace the lost fluid. Give the patient a teaspoon of pure water every 15 minutes until he can keep it in his stomach. Then let him drink liquid at room temperature in small sips every 15 minutes.

What do doctors do

With severe nausea and vomiting, treatment is used to alleviate the symptoms, compensate for the loss of fluid and eliminate the cause of the ailment. Depending on the causes of nausea and vomiting, medications and even surgery may be needed.

For normal nausea and vomiting, treatment involves creating comfortable conditions, replacing fluid loss, and gradually returning to a normal diet.

If vomiting does not stop for more than 24 hours, the patient needs urgent medical attention.

What else do you need to know

In the process of recovering from an attack of nausea and vomiting, a person can consume gradually increasing amounts of food and drink. For example, after 4 hours, you can drink a large sip of clear liquid and eat a cracker or cookie.

If this food does not make you worse, go to simple light food such as soft-boiled eggs, boiled chicken, clear broth. After 24 hours, if everything is in order, you can eat normal food, however, avoiding spicy foods and overeating.

SPECIALLY FOR PARENTS

If the child is vomiting

In children, vomiting is a common symptom of indigestion. For the most part, this is not a serious ailment, but sometimes requires immediate medical attention.

When to call the doctor

Urgently call a doctor if an infant's vomit is pushed out with such force that it scatters up to a meter away. This may indicate partial or complete intestinal obstruction.

Other dangerous situations

Call your doctor immediately if;

vomit contains blood;
vomiting began a few hours after a fall or head injury;
vomiting is accompanied by headache and pain in the stomach.

What to do with prolonged vomiting

Prolonged vomiting, especially accompanied by diarrhea, is a good reason to see a doctor. It leads to dehydration, a life-threatening condition.

How to deal with ordinary vomiting

If vomiting is not accompanied by alarming symptoms, make the child comfortable. Support his forehead when he vomits. Then rinse your mouth and wipe your face with water.

To replace fluid loss and prevent a recurrence of an attack, follow our advice, I Give the child a teaspoon of water, tea, juice (not orange) every 10-20 minutes until he can keep them in his stomach, or let him suck on a lollipop.

Gradually increase the amount of liquid you drink at a time.

If the child has not vomited for more than four hours, give him a piece of dry bread or unsweetened biscuits. Then feed him simple light food. When the disorder stops, gradually transfer the child to a normal diet.