The iliac arteries are one of the largest vessels in the body. They are paired vessels up to 7 cm long and up to 13 mm in diameter. The beginning of the arteries is located in the region of the 4th lumbar vertebra and is a continuation of the abdominal aorta (its bifurcation).

Where the articulation of the sacrum and iliac bones is located, these vessels are divided into external and internal iliac arteries.

Iliac common artery

It should be laterally and down to the small pelvis.

In the area of ​​​​the iliac-sacral joint, the common iliac artery is divided into internal and external arteries of the same name, following to the thigh and small pelvis.

A. iliaca interna

The internal iliac artery (2) feeds the organs and walls of the pelvis. It descends along the inner side of the lumbar (large) muscle.

In the region of the upper part of the sciatic foramen magnum, the parietal and visceral arteries branch off from the vessel.

Parietal branches

• Lumbar-iliac branch (3). It follows laterally and behind the lumbar large muscle, giving branches to the iliac muscle and the bone of the same name, as well as to the square and lumbar large muscles. In addition, they supply blood to the membranes and nerves of the spinal cord.
• The sacral lateral arteries (4). They nourish the deep muscles of the back, the sacrum, the spinal cord (nerve roots and membranes), the ligaments of the coccyx and sacrum, the piriformis muscle, the muscle that raises the anus.
• Obturator artery (6). It follows the front on the sides of the small pelvis. The branches of this vessel are: the pubic, anterior, posterior arteries that feed the skin of the genital organs, the obturator and adductor muscles of the thigh, the hip joint, the femur (its head), the pubic symphysis, the ilium, thin, comb, lumboiliac, square muscles, obturator (external, internal) muscles and a muscle that raises the anus.
• Gluteal inferior artery (7). It leaves the pelvis through the piriform opening. Nourishes the skin in the gluteal region, hip joint, square, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus, piriformis, semitendinosus, adductor (large) muscles, twin (lower, upper), obturator (internal, external) muscles and the biceps femoris muscle (its long head).
• Gluteal superior artery (5). It follows laterally and passes through the suprapiriform opening to the muscles and skin of the gluteal region in the form of deep and superficial branches. These vessels nourish the small, medium gluteal muscles, the hip joint, the skin of the buttocks.

Branches visceral

• Umbilical artery (13, 14). It runs along the posterior surface of the abdominal wall, rising to the navel. In the antenatal period, this vessel functions fully. After birth, the main part of it starts to empty and becomes the umbilical ligament. However, a small part of the vessel still functions and gives off the upper bladder arteries and the artery of the vas deferens, which feed the walls of the latter, as well as the bladder and the walls of the ureter.
• Uterine artery. It follows between the sheets of the broad uterine ligament to the uterus, crossing along the way with the ureter and giving off the tubal, ovarian and vaginal branches. R.tubarius nourishes the fallopian tubes, r. ovaricus through the thickness of the mesentery approaches the ovary and forms an anastomosis with branches of the ovarian artery. Rr. vaginales follow down to the walls of the vagina (lateral).
• Rectal (middle) artery (9). It follows the rectum (the lateral wall of its ampulla), nourishing the muscle that raises the anus, ureter, lower and middle rectal sections, in women - the vagina, and in men - the prostate and seminal vesicles.
• Sexual (internal) artery (10) - the final branch from the iliac internal artery. The vessel leaves, accompanied by the gluteal inferior artery, through the subpiri-shaped opening, bending around the sciatic spine, again penetrates into the small pelvis (in the area of ​​the recto-sciatic fossa) through the sciatic (small) foramen. In this fossa, the artery gives off the rectal inferior artery (11), and then branches into: the dorsal penis (clitoris) artery, the perineal, urethral artery, the deep clitoral (penis) artery, the vessel that feeds the bulb of the penis and the artery that feeds the bulb of the vestibule of the vagina. All of the above arteries feed the corresponding organs (the obturator internal muscle, the lower part of the rectum, the genital external organs, the urethra, the bulbourethral glands, the vagina, the muscles and skin of the perineum).

A.Iliaca externa

The external iliac artery originates at the iliosacral joint and is a continuation of the common iliac artery.

The iliac artery follows (marked with an arrow) downwards and anteriorly along the inner surface of the lumbar large muscle to the inguinal ligament, passing under which through the vascular lacuna, it turns into the artery of the thigh. The branches that give off the iliac external artery nourish the labia and pubis, the scrotum, the iliac muscle and the muscles of the abdomen.

Branches of the external iliac artery

Occlusion of the iliac arteries

The reasons for the development of occlusion / stenosis of these arteries are the presence of aortoarteritis, thromboangiitis obliterans, muscular fibrous dysplasia and atherosclerosis.

The occurrence of this pathology leads to tissue hypoxia and disorders of tissue metabolism, and, as a result, to the development of metabolic acidosis and the accumulation of metabolic underoxidized products. The properties of platelets change, as a result of which the viscosity of the blood increases and multiple blood clots form.

There are several types of occlusion (according to etiology):

• Post-traumatic.
• Post-embolic.
• Iatrogenic.
• Aortitis is nonspecific.
• Mixed forms of atherosclerosis, aortitis and arteritis.

In accordance with the nature of damage to the iliac arteries, there are:

• chronic process.
• Stenosis.
• Acute thrombosis.

This pathology is characterized by several syndromes:

Occlusion therapy is carried out by both conservative and surgical methods.

Conservative treatment is aimed at optimizing blood coagulation, eliminating pain and vasospasm. For this, ganglion blockers, antispasmodics, and so on are prescribed.

In the case of severe lameness, pain at rest, tissue necrosis, embolism, surgical operations are used. In this case, the damaged part of the iliac artery is removed, an operation to remove plaques, sympathectomy, or a combination of various techniques is carried out.

Aneurysms of the iliac arteries

Initially, it is asymptomatic, and only after a significant increase does it begin to manifest itself clinically.

An aneurysm is a sac-like protrusion of the vascular wall, as a result of which the elasticity of tissues is significantly reduced and replaced by connective tissue growths.

May become: atherosclerosis of the iliac arteries, trauma, GB.

This pathology is dangerous for the development of a formidable complication - aneurysm rupture, which is accompanied by massive bleeding, a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate and collapse.

In the event of impaired blood supply in the area of ​​the aneurysm, thrombosis of the vessels of the thigh, lower leg and small pelvis may develop, which is accompanied by dysuria and intense pain.

This pathology is diagnosed using ultrasound, CT or MRI, angiography and duplex scanning.

1. Umbilical artery, a. umbilicahs, in the embryonic period, one of the largest branches of the internal iliac artery. It departs from the anterior trunk of this artery and, heading forward along the side wall
, lies on the side wall of the bladder, and then under the peritoneum, forming a fold of the latter above itself, goes along the back surface of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity up to the navel. Here, together with the vessel of the same name on the opposite side, the umbilical artery is part of the umbilical cord. After birth, most of the umbilical artery is obliterated. The initial section of the vessel remains passable and functions throughout life. The superior cystic arteries depart from it, aa .. vesicates superiores, 2-4 in number, which go to the upper sections of the bladder and the distal part of the ureter.
2. Artery of the vas deferens, a. ductus deferentis, originates from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, goes forward and, having reached the vas deferens, divides into two branches that follow along the duct. One of them, together with the duct, enters into the spermatic cord, anastomosing with a. testicularis. Together with the seminal buy buspar without prescription, the cord passes through
and reaches the epididymis. The other branch goes along with the ductus deferens to the seminal vesicles. In women, the artery of the vas deferens corresponds to the quetiapine seroquel uterine artery, a. uterina. It also departs from the anterior trunk a. iliacae internae and, located under the peritoneum, goes forward and medially at the base of the broad ligament, reaching the side wall of the uterus at the level of its neck; along the way, it crosses the deeper ureter. Approaching the wall of the uterus, it divides into the descending, or vaginal, artery, a. vaginalis, and the ascending or uterine artery, a. uterina. The vaginal branch goes along the anterolateral wall of the vagina and gives it branches that anastomose with the same branches of the opposite side. The uterine artery rises along the side wall of the uterus to its angle, where it anastomoses with the ovarian artery, a. ovarica and gives tubal branches, rr. tubarii, to the fallopian tube and ovarian branches, rr. ova-rid, to the ovary.
3. Middle rectal artery, a. rectalis media. - a small, sometimes absent mefenamic acid for stomach ache vessel, starts from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery mostly independently, but sometimes from a. vesicalis inferior or a. pudenda interna and supplies blood to the middle part of the rectum. A number of small branches depart from the artery to the prostate gland and seminal vesicles. In the wall of the rectum, the artery anastomoses with the upper and lower arteries of the rectum, aa.
. rectales superior et inferior.

4. Internal pudendal artery, a. pudenda interna, departs from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, goes down and outward and exits the small
through the pear-shaped opening. Then the artery goes around the sciatic spine and, heading medially and forward, again enters the cavity of the small through the small sciatic foramen, already below the pelvic diaphragm, getting into the ischiorectal fossa. Following the side wall of this fossa, the internal pudendal artery reaches the region of the posterior edge of the diaphragma urogenitale. Heading anteriorly along the lower branch of the pubic bone, at the edge of m. transversus perinei superficialis artery perforates from the depth to the surface of the urogenital diaphragm and is divided into terminal branches.

a) Dorsal artery of the penis, a. dorsalis penis. seretide puff This artery, being essentially a direct continuation of a. pudenda interna, along with the artery of the same name on the opposite side, runs along the lig. fungiforme penis, on the sides of the deep dorsal vein of the penis, which occupies the midline of the back of the penis, vena dorsalis penis profunda, to its head, giving branches to the scrotum and cavernous bodies.

b) The bulbous artery of the penis, (in women - the vestibular artery of the vagina), supplies blood to the bulb of the penis, m. bulbo-spongiosus and other muscles of the perineum.

c) Urethral artery, a. urethralis, enters the spongy body of the urethra and follows it to the glans penis, where it anastomoses with a. profunda penis.

d) Deep artery of the penis ( ), a. profunda penis (a. profunda clitoridis), perforates tunica albuginea at the base of the cavernous body of the penis, goes to the top in it and supplies it with blood. Branches a. profunda penis (a. profunda clitoridis) anastomose with the same name arteries of the opposite side.

e) Inferior rectal artery, a. rectalis inferior, leaves in fossa ischiorectalis at the level of the ischial tuberosity and goes medially to the lower rectum and anus, supplying the skin and fatty tissue of this area, as well as mm. levator et sphincter ani.

e) Perineal artery, a. perinealis, departs from the internal pudendal artery, somewhat distal to the previous one, and is most often located behind m. transversus perinei super-ficialis, reglan medication giving in the form of posterior scrotal branches, rr. scrotales posteriores. a number of small branches to the scrotum, muscles of the perineum and the posterior wall of the septum of the scrotum (in women in the form of posterior labial branches, rr. labiales posteriores).

Common iliac artery, a. iliaca communis, steam room, comes from the division (bifurcation) of the abdominal aorta. The common iliac arteries diverge at the same time at an angle, heading down and outward. In women, this angle is somewhat larger than in men. The length of the common iliac artery is 5-7 cm. At the level of articulatio sacroiliaca, the artery is divided into two branches: the external iliac artery, a. iliaca exteraa, and the internal iliac artery, a. iliaca interna. In its course, the common iliac artery gives off a number of small branches to the lymph nodes, ureter and m. psoas major.

External iliac artery, a. iliaca externa, steam room. Moving away from a. iliaca communis with a large trunk, it, lying retroperitoneally, goes along the medial edge of m. psoas major forward and down and passes under the inguinal ligament in the lacuna vasorum, where it is located lateral to the vein of the same name. Upon exiting the gap to the thigh, the artery continues directly into the femoral artery, a. fe-moralis.

The external iliac artery gives off the following branches.

1. Muscular branches to m. psoas major.
2. Inferior epigastric artery, a. epigastrica inferior, departs with a thin stem from the anterior surface of the external iliac artery before its entry into the lacuna vasorum and goes up and medially along the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall between the peritoneum and fascia transversalis.

The inferior epigastric artery first runs along the posterior wall of the inguinal canal; rising higher, it penetrates into vagina straight abdominal muscles, where it lies between the specified muscle and the posterior wall of its vagina, gives off branches to them and at the level of the navel breaks up into a number of branches that anastomose with a. epigastrica superior (branch a. thoracica interna). In its course, the lower epigastric artery anastomoses with the terminal branches of the lower 4-5 aa .. intercostales posteriores and aa .. lumbales, also penetrating into vagina straight abdominal muscles.

1. Pubic branch, Mr. pubicus. - a small branch that starts at the very beginning of the inferior epigastric artery and follows the posterior surface of the pubic bone to the pubic articulation, anastomosing with the branch of the same name on the opposite side and r. pubicus from the obturator artery, a. obturatoria. In its course, the pubic branch supplies blood to the lower sections of the rectus and pyramidal muscles of the abdomen.
2. Cremasteric artery, a. cremasterica (artery of the round ligament of the uterus, a. iig. teretis uteri, in women), thinner than the previous one, departs from the lower epigastric artery slightly above the pubic branch and, passing through the internal inguinal ring in inguinal canal, enters into the composition of the spermatic cord, descending with it into the scrotum. It supplies blood to m. cremaster and all testicular membranes, anastomosing with a. testicularis (aorta abdominalis branch), external pudendal arteries, aa .. pudendae externae (femoral artery branches, a. femoralis), and with the vas deferens artery, a. ductus deferentis (branch a. iliaca interna). In women, this artery goes along with the round ligament of the uterus to the labia majora.
3. Deep circumflex iliac artery, a. cir-cumflexa ilium profunda, starts from the lateral wall of the external iliac artery and, following outwards and upwards along the inguinal ligament, reaches the spina iliaca anterior superior; then it lies along the crista iliaca, giving branches to the muscles of the anterior-lateral wall of the abdomen. On its way a. circumflexa ilium profunda is located between fascia iliaca and fascia transversalis. Terminal branches a. circumflexa ilium profunda anastomose with the iliac branch of the iliac-lumbar artery, g. ilia-cus a. iliolu
mbalis.

Internal iliac artery, a. iliaca interna, departs from the common iliac artery and goes down into the cavity of the small pelvis, located along the line of the sacroiliac joint. At the level of the upper edge of the large sciatic foramen, the artery divides into the anterior and posterior trunks. The branches extending from these trunks are sent to the walls and organs of the small pelvis and therefore are divided into parietal and visceral.

1. Umbilical artery, a. umbilicahs, in the embryonic period, one of the largest branches of the internal iliac artery. It departs from the anterior trunk of this artery and, heading forward along the side wall
pelvis, lies on the side wall of the bladder, and then under the peritoneum, forming a fold of the latter above itself, goes along the back surface of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity up to the navel. Here, together with the vessel of the same name on the opposite side, the umbilical artery is part of the umbilical cord. After birth, most of the umbilical artery is obliterated. The initial section of the vessel remains passable and functions throughout life. The superior cystic arteries depart from it, aa .. vesicates superiores, 2-4 in number, which go to the upper sections of the bladder and the distal part of the ureter.
2. Artery of the vas deferens, a. ductus deferentis, originates from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, goes forward and, having reached the vas deferens, divides into two branches that follow along the duct. One of them, together with the duct, enters into the spermatic cord, anastomosing with a. testicularis. Together with the spermatic cord, it passes through
inguinal canal and reaches the epididymis. The other branch goes along with the ductus deferens to the seminal vesicles. In women, the artery of the vas deferens corresponds to the uterine artery, a. uterina. It also departs from the anterior trunk a. iliacae internae and, located under the peritoneum, goes forward and medially at the base of the broad ligament, reaching the side wall of the uterus at the level of its neck; along the way, it crosses the deeper ureter. Approaching the wall of the uterus, it divides into the descending, or vaginal, artery, a. vaginalis, and the ascending or uterine artery, a. uterina. The vaginal branch goes along the anterolateral wall of the vagina and gives it branches that anastomose with the same branches of the opposite side. The uterine artery rises along the side wall of the uterus to its angle, where it anastomoses with the ovarian artery, a. ovarica and gives tubal branches, rr. tubarii, to the fallopian tube and ovarian branches, rr. ova-rid, to the ovary.
3. Middle rectal artery, a. rectalis media. - a small, sometimes absent vessel, starts from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery mostly independently, but sometimes from a. vesicalis inferior or a. pudenda interna and supplies blood to the middle part of the rectum. A number of small branches depart from the artery to the prostate gland and seminal vesicles. In the wall of the rectum, the artery anastomoses with the upper and lower arteries of the rectum, aa.
. rectales superior et inferior.
4. Internal pudendal artery, a. pudenda interna, departs from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, goes down and outward and exits the small
pelvis through the pear-shaped opening. Then the artery goes around the sciatic spine and, heading medially and forward, again enters the cavity of the small pelvis through the small sciatic foramen, already below the pelvic diaphragm, getting into the ischiorectal fossa. Following the side wall of this fossa, the internal pudendal artery reaches the region of the posterior edge of the diaphragma urogenitale. Heading anteriorly along the lower branch of the pubic bone, at the edge of m. transversus perinei superficialis, the artery perforates to the surface of the urogenital diaphragm and divides into terminal branches.

1. Dorsal artery of the penis, a. dorsalis penis. This artery, being essentially a direct continuation of a. pudenda interna, along with the artery of the same name on the opposite side, runs along the lig. fungiforme penis, on the sides of the deep dorsal vein of the penis, which occupies the midline of the back of the penis, vena dorsalis penis profunda, to its head, giving branches to the scrotum and cavernous bodies.
2. The bulbous artery of the penis, (in women - the vestibular artery of the vagina), supplies blood to the bulb of the penis, m. bulbo-spongiosus and other muscles of the perineum.
3. Urethral artery, a. urethralis, enters the spongy body of the urethra and follows it to the glans penis, where it anastomoses with a. profunda penis.
4. deep artery of the penis clitoris), a. profunda penis (a. profunda clitoridis), perforates tunica albuginea at the base of the cavernous body of the penis, goes to the top in it and supplies it with blood. Branches a. profunda penis (a. profunda clitoridis) anastomose with the same name arteries of the opposite side.
5. Inferior rectal artery, a. rectalis inferior, leaves in fossa ischiorectalis at the level of the ischial tuberosity and goes medially to the lower rectum and anus, supplying the skin and fatty tissue of this area, as well as mm. levator et sphincter ani.
6. Perineal artery, a. perinealis, departs from the internal pudendal artery, somewhat distal to the previous one, and is most often located behind m. transversus perinei super-ficialis, giving in the form of posterior scrotal branches, rr. scrotales posteriores. a number of small branches to the scrotum, muscles of the perineum and the posterior wall of the septum of the scrotum (in women in the form of posterior labial branches, rr. labiales posteriores).

1. iliac-lumbar artery, a. iliolumbalis, in its course resembles the lumbar arteries. It originates from the posterior branch of a. iliaca interna, goes up and back, lies under m. psoas major and at its inner edge is divided into lumbar and iliac branches.
1. The lumbar branch, Mr. lumbalis, corresponds to the dorsal branch of the lumbar arteries; it goes backwards, gives to the spinal cord a spinal branch, r. spinalis. and blood supply to mm. psoas major and minor, m. quadratus lumborum, posterior sections m. transverse abdominis.
2. The iliac branch, g. iliacus, is divided in turn into two branches: superficial and deep. The superficial branch runs along the iliac crest and, anastomosing with a. circumflexa ilium profunda, forms an arc, from which branches depart, supplying the iliac muscle and lower parts of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. The deep branch gives branches to the ilium, anastomosing with a. obturatoria.
2. Lateral sacral arteries, aa .. sacrales laterales. heading to the medial side, they then descend along the anterior surface of the sacrum medially from the pelvic openings, giving off the medial and lateral branches.
Medial branches 5-6 in number anastomose with branches a. sacralis mediana, forming a network. Lateral branches penetrate through the pelvic sacral openings into the sacral canal, giving off spinal branches here, rr. spinales. and, leaving through the dorsal sacral foramen, supply blood sacrum, the skin of the sacral region and the lower parts of the deep muscles of the back, as well as the articulatio sacroiliaca, m. piriformis, m. coccygeus, m. levator ani.
3. Superior gluteal artery, a. glutea
superior, is the most powerful branch of the internal iliac artery. Being a continuation of the posterior trunk, it leaves the cavity pelvis through the foramen suprapiriforme back to the gluteal region, gives off branches along the way to m. piriformis, m. obtura-torius internus, m. levator ani. Coming out of the cavity pelvis, the artery is divided into two branches: superficial and deep. Superficial branch, g. super ficialis. located between m. gluteus maximus and m. gluteus medius and supplies them with blood. The deep branch, Mr. profundus, lies between m. gluteus medius and m. gluteus minimus, supplies them with blood and m. tensor fasciae latae, giving a number of branches to the hip joint, and anastomoses with a. glutea inferior and a. circumflexa femoris lateralis.
4. Inferior gluteal artery, a. glutea inferior, in the form of a rather large branch, departs from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, descends from the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle and sacral plexus and leaves the cavity
pelvis through the foramen infrapiriforme along with a. pudenda interna. The lower gluteal artery supplies m. gluteus maximus, sends the artery that accompanies the sciatic nerve, a. comitans n. ischiadici, and gives a number of branches to the hip joint and the skin of the gluteal region, anastomosing with a. circumflexa femoris medialis, posterior branch a. obturatoria and with a. glutea superior.5. Obturator artery, a. obturatoria, departs from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, goes along the lateral surface of the small pelvis, parallel to linea arcuata, forward to the obturator foramen and leaves the cavity pelvis through the obturator canal. Variants are described when a. obturatoria departs from a. epigastrica inferior or from a. iliaca externa. Before entering the obturator canal, the obturator artery gives off a pubic branch, r. pubicus, and in the canal itself is divided into its terminal branches: anterior, r. anterior, and posterior, r. posterior.

1. The pubic branch, Mr. pubicus, rises along the posterior surface of the upper branch of the pubic bone and, reaching the pubic fusion, anastomoses with Mr. pubicus a. epigastricae inferioris.
2. The anterior branch, r. anterior, goes down the external obturator muscle, supplies it with blood and the upper sections of the adductor muscles of the thigh.
3. The posterior branch, r. posterior, goes backwards and downwards along the outer surface of the obturator membrane and supplies blood to mm. obturatorii externus et intemus, the ischium and sends a branch to the hip joint in the form of a branch of the acetabulum, g. acetabularis. The latter enters the cavity of the hip joint through the incisura acetabuli and along the lig. ca-pitis femoris reaches the head of the femur.

umbilical arteries

(arteriae umbilicales) - vessels characteristic only of the embryo of vertebrates with embryonic membranes (reptiles, birds and amphibians). Both of them depart symmetrically to the right and left of the posterior end of the aorta, go around the part of the allantois closest to the intestine, which later becomes the bladder, enter the umbilical cord and then into the allantois, where they break into capillaries (see Vertebrates and Afterbirth). Even in the body of the embryo, these vessels give branches in the pelvic region that go to the internal organs of the pelvis (a. iliacae internae) and to the limbs (a. iliacae externae). After the child's place P. falls away, the arteries atrophy over most of their length, except for the part closest to the aorta and forming a common trunk for both a. iliacae, called iliaca communis, and in addition to some more part, giving lateral ligaments running from the navel to the bladder (lig. vesico-umbilicales laterales).

V. M. Sh.

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - St. Petersburg: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .

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Arteries of the systemic circulation Trunk arteries Common iliac artery Internal iliac artery

umbilical artery

umbilical artery, a. umbilicalis(see Fig.), in the embryonic period - one of the largest branches of the internal iliac artery. Departs from the anterior trunk of the latter and, heading forward along the side wall of the pelvis, goes to the side wall of the bladder, and then under the peritoneum goes along the back surface of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity up to the navel. Here, together with the vessel of the same name on the opposite side, the umbilical artery is part of the umbilical cord. After birth, the lumen of the vessel closes for a considerable extent (obliterated part, pars occlusa), and the artery becomes the medial umbilical ligament. The initial section of the vessel remains passable - this open part, pars patens function throughout life. The following arteries depart from it:

• superior vesical arteries, aa. vesicales superiores, only 2-4, depart from the initial section of the umbilical artery. They go to the upper parts of the bladder and supply the top of it with blood;
• artery of the vas deferens, a. ductus deferentis, goes forward and, having reached the vas deferens, is divided into two branches that follow along the duct. One of them, together with the duct, enters into the spermatic cord, anastomosing with a. testicularis. Together with the spermatic cord, it passes through the inguinal canal and reaches the epididymis. The other branch goes along with the vas deferens to the seminal vesicles. From it in this area depart ureteral branches, rr. ureterici, to the pelvic part of the ureter.