Group 3 verbs in French. Verbs of groups I, II and III. Verbs of group II

Verbs of group 3 of the French language represent a rather difficult group to understand, since they are irregular (i.e. there is no clear certain rules, which could be used as a guide when conjugating them), accordingly, it is quite difficult for students to remember all forms of conjugation. The development I propose can be used both for studying and for repeating previously studied verbs.

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Les verbes en "-vrir, -frir"

оuvrir – 1) qch to open, unlock, reveal something (une fenêtre, un livre, les yeux)

2) qch open, start something (une séance, la discussion, la marche)

3)vi open (Le magasin ouvre à 8 heures.)

s'ouvrir – 1) open up, unlock, dissolve (La porte s’ouvre.)

2) to open up, to appear before the eye (Une belle vue s’ouvre devant nos yeux.)

couvrir qch (de qch ) – to cover, cover something (couvrir la table d’une nappe)

se couvrir de qch - to be covered with something

offrir qch - 1) to offer, to give something (un bouquet, un cadeau)

Offire qch à qn pour son anniversaire

2) offer something (une tasse de café, son aide, ses services)

souffrir (de qch ) – to suffer, to suffer (from something) (souffrir de la chaleur (from the heat), de la soif.

découvrir – 1) qch to reveal, to leave without cover (son flanc).

2) qch discover, discover.

Mettez les verbes au présent et au futur simple:

1) C'est la fanfare qui (ouvrir) la marche. 2) Cette fenêtre (s’ouvrir) mal. 3) Le ciel (se couvrir) de nuages. 4) Les champs (se couvrir) de fleurs. 5) Ils nous (offrir) leurs places. 6) Je lui (offrir) mes services. 7) Elle (souffrir) souvent de maux de tête.

Dites au passé composition:

j'ouvre la bal il nous offre son aide

la porte s'ouvre ils lui offrent leurs services

les fenêtres s’ouvrent nous souffrons du froid

la neige couvre la terre les champs se couvrent de fleurs

Traduisez:

1. Open the window, the room is too hot.

2. Who opened the door for you?

3. It was he who opened the meeting.

4. At that moment the door opened and I saw my brother,

5. From our balcony there is a beautiful view of the Moscow River. (La Moskova)

6. Cover the table with this tablecloth.

7. A large red carpet covered the middle of this room.

8. He looked out the window, everything was covered with snow.

9. By evening the sky was covered with clouds.

10. For (en) days the trees were covered with leaves.

11. Forests occupied the entire left bank of the river.

12. My friend offered me two tickets to the Bolshoi Theater.

13. Who gave you this bouquet?

14. Why didn’t you offer them your help?

15. What did you give her for her birthday?

17. Did you suffer a lot from the heat?

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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French, as a Romance language, inherited its grammar from Latin. In particular, this applies to the 4 most common forms of the infinitive: -re, -er, -ir, -oir. However, Latin was characterized by the presence of a thematic vowel. In French, the thematic vowel has disappeared (with rare exceptions - in the forms subjonctif imparfait and passé simple). Thus, the defining difference between the conjugations was not the thematic vowel, but the forms of inflection and stem.

So, based on these characteristics, French verbs are divided into 3 groups. The most extensive and difficult to study of them is the third. This includes verbs that have an infinitive at the end:

- re: dire, répondre, traduire, etc;

- oir: pouvoir, devoir, vouloir, etc;

- ir (those that do not belong to group 2, i.e. do not have the suffix -iss in the paradigm plural): tenir, sortir, mourir, etc.

Naturally, in each tense and mood these verbs have their own characteristics. In Présent the following endings are added to the infinitive stem and are standard: -s, -s, -t, -ons, -ez, -ent. For example, the verb lire (read): je lis, tu lis, il/elle lit, nous lisons, vous lisez, ils lisent.

However, some verbs have individual forms that must be learned by heart or checked with reference materials. Such verbs are avoir, être, aller, pouvoir, faire, dire, venir, attendre, prendre, vouloir, répondre, atteindre and their derivatives.

In Passé composé (as well as in plus-que-parfait), participe passé is added to the auxiliary verbs - avoir and être. If for verbs of the first and second groups it is formed according to a certain pattern, then for the third group the past participle needs clarification; each verb has its own.

In Imparfait, French verbs of group 3 do not create difficulties and are conjugated according to general rules.

In Passé simple, verbs ending in -ir (except for courir, mourir), -uire, -endre, -ondre: -is, -is, -it, -îmes, -îtes, -irent.

For example, the verb rendre (to return): je rendis, tu rendis, il rendit, nous rendîmes, vous rendîtes, ils rendirent.

At the same time, verbs of the same group ending in -aître, -oir (except voir) have endings -us, -us, -ut, -ûmes, -ûtes, -urent.

For example, the verb devoir (to be due): je dus, tu dus, il dut, nous dûmes, vous dûtes, ils durent.

The verbs avoir, venir and être in the passé simple have individual paradigms.

IN Future simple Most verbs of the third group (as well as verbs of other groups) add the endings -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont to the infinitive. Verbs ending in -re lose the -e vowel: dire - je dirai.

A number of verbs (mostly the same as in other tenses) have individual forms.

During education imperative mood(mode impératif) verbs of the third group behave like verbs of other groups. Only the verbs avoir, être, savoir and vouloir have a special form.

When forming the conditional mood (mode conditionnel), no individual characteristics verbs of the third group do not show.

But when forming the subjunctive mood (mode subjonctif), the verbs avoir, être, faire, pouvoire, aller, falloir, valoir, devoir, savoir and vouloir have special forms, while the rest of the French verbs of group 3 are conjugated according to general rules.

Verbs of the 1st and 2nd groups have endings that must be added to the stem, in accordance with the number and gender of the noun related to it. Conjugation of group 3 verbs has no rules, so it is much more difficult with them. Here the endings can change the most different ways, but some verbs are similar to each other, and only prefixes change their meaning.

List of verbs of group 3:

Remember that these are not all verbs!

• s'abstenir - substenir - to abstain
• acquérir - akerir - to acquire
• adjoindre - ajuandre - to attach, connect
• admettre - admetre - recognize, admit
• advenir - advenir - happen
• aller - alle - go
• apercevoir - apersevoir - to notice
• apparaître - apparaître - to appear, to appear
• appartenir - apartenir - to belong
• apprendre - apprendre - learn to study
• asseoir - asuar - to seat
• atteindre - atendre - to achieve
• attendre – atandre – wait
• avoir - holding - to have
• battre - batre - to beat, fight
• boire - buar - to drink
• circonscrire - circonscrire - limit, circle
• circonvenir - circonvenir - bypass, deceive
• combattre - sombatre - fight
• commettre – commetre – to commit, to appoint
• comprendre - comprandre - to understand
• conclure - conclure - to conclude
• concourir - competitor - compete
• conduire - conductor - to lead, to conduct
• confondre - confondre - confuse, mix up
• conjoindre - conjuandre - to connect, combine
• connaître - connetre - to know
• conquérir - conker - to conquer
• consentir - consultant - agree
• construire - constructor - build
• contenir - contenir - contain
• convaincre - convenkre - to convince
• convenir - convenir - agree
• correspondre - correspondpondre - connect, correspond, coincide
• corrompre – corrompre – to corrupt, spoil
• courir - courir - to run
• couvrir - couvrir - to cover
• craindre - crendre - to be afraid
• croire - croire - believe
• cueillir - keir - to collect
• découvrir - decouvrir - to open, to discover
• défendre - defandre - to protect
• dépeindre – dependre – to describe, to depict
• dépendre - depandre - to hang
• descendre - desandre - to descend
• devenir - devenir - to become, to transform
• devoir - devoir - to be due
• dire - dir - speak
• disparaître - disparître - to disappear
• distraire - distre - to separate, distract
• dormir - dormir - sleep
• écrire - ekrir - to write
• endormir(s’) - andormir - to lull, lull
• s’endormir – sandormir – fall asleep
• enfuir (s’) – to run away, run away
• enquérir (s’) – anchorer
• entendre - antandre - to hear
• être – etre – to be
• étreindre - etrendre - hug
• exclure - exclure - exclude
• extraire - extrare - extract, extract
• faillir - fire - to suffer defeat, failure
• faire - fair - to do
• falloir - falloir - to be necessary
• feindre - fandre - pretend
• fendre – fandre – to stab, chop
• fondre - fondre - melt, pour
• fuir - fuir - to run away
• geindre – gendre – moan, cry (note the verb “whine” has a slang connotation)
• inclure – enclure – turn on, bring in
• inscrire - enskrir - to record, register
• interdire - enterdir - prohibit
• interrompre - enterompre - interrupt
• intervenir (s’) – entervenir – to intervene
• introduire - entreduir - to introduce
• joindre - zhuandre - to connect, connect
• lire - lire - read
• luire – luir – to shine
• maintenir - maintenir - support
• méconnaître - mekonnetre - ignore
• mentir - mantir - to lie
• mettre – metre – to put, to place
• mordre - mordre - bite
• moudre - wiser - grind
• mourir murir - to die
• mouvoir – muvoir – move
• naître – netre – to be born
• nuire - nuir - to harm
• obtenir - obtenir - to achieve
• occlure - oclure - to close, seal
• offrir - ofir - to give, to offer
• omettre - ometre - omit, skip
• ouvrir - uvrir - to open
• paraître – paraître – to seem
• parcourir - parkour - run, pass
• partir - partir - leave
• parvenir - parvenir - to achieve
• peindre – pendre – to paint
• pendre - pandre - depend
• percevoir - persevoir - to feel, perceive
• perdre - perdre - to lose
• permettre - permetre - to allow
• plaindre – plainre – to complain
• plaire - plaire - like
• pleuvoir - plevoir - to go (about rain)
• pondre - pondre - lay eggs, lay eggs
• poursuivre - pursuivre - to pursue
• pouvoir - pouvoir - to be able
• prétendre - pretandre - to pretend
• produire - producer - produce
• promettre - prometre - to promise
• rire - rir - laugh
• rompre - rompre - interrupt
• satisfaire - satisfair - to satisfy
• savoir - savoir - to know
• secourir - securir - to help
• séduire - seduir - to seduce
• sentir - santir - to feel
• servir – sirvir – to serve, to serve
• sortir - toilet - go out
• souffrir - soufrir - to suffer
• soumettre - soumetre - to conquer, offer
• sourire - surir - smile
• soutenir - pimp - to support
• souvenir (se) – souvenir – remember
• suivre - suivre - to follow
• surprendre – surprandre – to surprise (xia)
• survivre - survivre - survive
• suspendre – suspandre – to stop for a while, to hang up
• taire – ter – to shut up
• teindre – tendre – to paint
• tendre - tandre - to strive
• tenir - tenir - to hold
• tondre - tondre - to mow
• traduire - traduir - translate
• traire - trer - to milk
• transcrire – transcribe - transcribe
• transmettre - transmetre - to transmit
• transparaître – transparître – to shine through, to shine through
• tressaillir - tressayir - to shudder
• vaincre - venkr - to win, conquer
• valoir – valuar – to approach, to be equal
• vendre - vandre - to sell
• venir - venir - to come
• vêtir – vetir – to dress
• vivre - vivre - live
• voir - voir - to see
• vouloir – vuluir – to want

Let's now give some examples:

• J’ai soif – Zhe suaf – I’m thirsty
• Mari est belle - Marie e belle - Marie is beautiful
• Il vaux mieux rester ici - il in mieux rester isi - it would be better to stay here
• Ils sortent de l`école - il sort de l'école - they leave school

We've looked at conjugating verbs in the present tense, but very often we need participles to create compound tense forms:

Remember that the past participle agrees in kind and number with the subject it refers to, but only if the verb is conjugated with the auxiliary verb “être”.

Most often, the participle passé is involved in creating the past tense passé composé:

• Helen est venue pour vous voir - Helen e venu pour vous voir - Helen came to see you.
• J'ai appris toute la vérité - I learned the whole truth.
• Elles se sont tues - el se son tu - They fell silent.

In imparfait, verbs are conjugated a little more simply. There is a rule here that does not apply only to “être”:

In other cases, this tense is formed according to the rule - the required ending is added to the stem of the verb in 1 l. pl. Part of the present tense, but there are also small amendments:

1. Verbs ending in –ger are preceded by the letter –e before endings that begin with -a or -o, for example, je mangeais, but: nous mangions.
2. Verbs ending in –cer before endings that begin with -a or -o, “c” is replaced by “ç”, for example, je commençais, but at the same time: nous commencions.
3. Verbs ending in –yer in the forms “we” and “you” are joined by the letters “y” and “i”, for example, nous payions and vous payiez.
4. Verbs ending in -ier in the "we" and "you" forms have two "i's", for example, nous étudiions and vous étudiez.

Don’t be confused by such difficulties with group 3 verbs; the beginning usually scares you, but as you study, you will realize that it is quite easy. Learn French and let it come easy to you!

Note:

Pronunciation in French can be done in two ways:

1) [e] at the end of a word is pronounced like ё, while the stress on it NEVER falls, for example battre - batre (the stress falls on the vowel a). The exception is words ending in [e] with an axant, for example: j‘ai été – zhe ete;

2) [e] at the end of a word is NOT pronounced, for example: battre - batr.

The French use both options, but the second is preferable.

French group 3 verbs are the most difficult group of verbs to understand because they are irregular. Today, there are no clearly defined and valid rules that could guide their conjugation; accordingly, it is almost impossible for a non-native speaker to remember all forms of conjugation due to their vast number (approximately 64 verbs and their derivatives).

All these verbs can be mentally divided into verbs conjugated by analogy and verbs that have no analogues or have their own conjugation features. For example, the verb aller in 3rd plural. has the form vont, the formation of which does not fall under any rule for the formation of verb conjugation. There are enough such verbs a large number of, and they are subject to mandatory memorization.

The most common and frequently used verbs that have no conjugation analogues are the following verbs:

Some French group 3 verbs have several, in particular 2 or 3 possible conjugation forms. Such verbs include verbs such as s'asseoir - to sit down; Ouïr – hear, listen, the conjugation of which is presented below:

Je m'assieds / m'assois / m'asseois dans un fauteuil - I sit down in a chair

tu t’assieds / t’assois / t’asseois dans un fauteuil - you sit in a chair

il s’assied / s’assoit / s’asseoit dans un fauteuil - he sits in a chair

nous nous asseyons / nous assoyons / nous assoyons dans un fauteuil - we sit down in a chair

vous vous asseyez / vous assoyez / vous assoyez dans un fauteuil - you sit down in a chair

ils s’asseyent / s’assoient / s’asseoient dans un fauteuil - they sit in a chair

When translating this verb into Russian, doubts may arise regarding the correctness of the translation, because This verb is often translated as sit down, but this translation is false. From a philological point of view, “to sit down” means to sit on the edge of a chair.

Ouïr – to hear

j’ouïs / ois la voix sonore – I hear a ringing voice

tu ouïs / ois la voix sonore – you hear a ringing voice

il ouït / oit la voix sonore – he hears a ringing voice

nous ouïssons / oyons la voix sonore – we hear a ringing voice

vous ouïssez / oyez la voix sonore – you hear a ringing voice

ils ouïssent / oient la voix sonore – they hear a ringing voice

It is necessary to separately highlight the verbs avoir - to possess, to have, and être - to exist, to be, since they can be used both as an independent and auxiliary verbs. The conjugations of these verbs are presented below:

There are also verbs with only a few conjugations, especially verbs such as falloir - to, to follow, to require; pleuvoir - to fall, to rain; seoir - to be present, to sit. The available conjugation forms of these verbs are presented below:

il faut peindre la vieille palissade – the old fence needs to be painted

il pleut à torrents - pours like a bucket

ils pleuvent – ​​they fall in abundance

il sied apprendre à conduire la voiture – you should learn to drive a car

La couleur lilas lui sied - lilac suits him

In most cases, only the singular form is used in speech.

There are 3 groups of French verbs, similar to which some others are conjugated Irregular Verbs, belong to the following:

In French, verbs are divided into three groups: analogues of our conjugations in some way, only there are three of them. Information about each group French verbs presented below. In addition, you can see how irregular French verbs are conjugated in a special section.

First group of French verbs

The first group of French verbs is the most numerous. It has the following endings:

In the infinitive: -er.

In the first person present tense: -e.

If a verb of the first group in French ends in -cer, then the vowels will be preceded by the sign -ç.

There is an exception: the verb aller, it belongs to the third group of French verbs.

Second group of French verbs

The second group of verbs in French has the following endings:

In the infinitive: -ir.

In the first person present tense: -is.

Third group of French verbs

The third group is the smallest. It includes all the remaining verbs. In the remaining tables (conjugation of French verbs by tenses) we will provide information on groups of verbs. Above is a link to the conjugation of all common verbs in French.