The latest invention in the world. Modern inventions. The newest interesting inventions of the world. Modern Lefties. Innovation for everyday life
Many world-famous stars have had problems with the law and even spent time in prison. Some were caught committing petty crimes, others committed more serious offenses. For all this, celebrities paid with very real prison sentences, from several days in some cases to several years in others.
Mark Wahlberg. In his youth, this famous actor had about 25 reports to the police. His record includes drug problems, charges of racism, robbery, assault and fights. Despite all this, Mark spent only 45 days in prison.
Robert Downey Jr. Robert Downey had constant problems with drugs, but he received a sentence for illegally entering someone else's house.
Wesley Snipes. Wesley served three years for tax evasion.
Don King. The famous boxing promoter served three and a half years for manslaughter.
Don King after the indictment.
Tim Allen served two years in prison for possession and sale of drugs.
50 Cent. Fifty was sentenced to six months in prison for drug and weapons possession.
Paul McCartney. The lead singer of the legendary Beatles gained notoriety after he was caught with marijuana at Tokyo airport. Paul served 10 days.
Paris Hilton spent three days in jail for violating her probation for speeding and driving without a license.
Rapper Lil Wayne was sentenced to five months in prison for possessing marijuana and weapons on his tour bus.
Lindsay Lohan has been to prison more than once. She was arrested for drug use, driving under the influence and violating her rehabilitation period.
Martha Stewart had to spend 5 months in prison for illegal use of insider information.
Christian Slater spent 59 days in jail for drunkenly assaulting his girlfriend.
TI spent one year in prison for weapons possession.
James Brown. The popular singer spent 6 years in prison for aggravated assault and evading police.
Motley Crue's Vince Neil was jailed for 15 days for causing an accident and driving under the influence of drugs.
Danny Trejo, known as Machete, served 11 years for drugs and robbery.
Rapper Ja Rule was sentenced to two years and four months for weapons possession and tax evasion.
Mike Tyson had three convictions. In 1992, the boxer was sentenced to 6 years for rape. imprisonment, of which he served 3 years. In 1998, Mike was sentenced to 3.5 years for beating people.
In the world of high technology, more and more attention is being paid to robots and their ability to significantly improve human life. In addition to robot assistants, transport plays an important role in our lives. This fall, automotive giants presented concepts that could once and for all solve the issue of urban road congestion and reduce the risk of accidents. We have selected five high-tech new products worthy of your attention.
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Progress does not stand still and every day the world is replenished with countless useful devices that help brighten up our lives and overcome everyday difficulties. This spring, scientists gave us the opportunity to feel like real superheroes, taught us to find mutual language with babies and helped the blind to experience the beauty of the world around them.
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Although it seems that scientists around the world are focused exclusively on creating new mobile phones, technology development in other areas is also in full swing. Our top 5 again includes the innovation of Elon Musk, whose name appears every now and then in the news about the achievements of researchers. In addition to his plans to build an advanced metro, we will also tell you about other amazing inventions. And we will start with the most important thing - with a device that can save lives.
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Although February was not marked by such a variety of events in the world of innovation as January, scientists have prepared many interesting innovations for us this month. We will tell you about 5 original inventions: from a space rocket to translator headphones!
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The progressive future has already arrived, corporations are releasing the most powerful computers and smartphones, Elon Musk is once again surprising everyone around him, and new technologies can literally save the lives of millions of people. Read more in our selection of hot technology news for October 2017.
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Many people remember the statement that necessity is the mother of invention, but what then can be called its father? The ability to notice things and phenomena around oneself is precisely the characteristic that allows attentive people to turn an important invention out of a trifle that is inconspicuous to others. 10 of the most amazing inventions, born partly by chance, but also not without the manifestation of commendable ingenuity of the inventors.
Every year more and more amazing inventions appear. In this article we have collected the most incredible gizmos that have appeared over the past year. We bet you'll be delighted?
Hackaball
The Hackaball toy syncs with a mobile app to teach kids how to code.
Hackaball is a new children's programmable computer ball, the project of which recently launched on the Kickstarter crowdfunding platform. The device attracted a lot of attention large quantity people, and its developers have collected more than double the amount they needed of $100,000.
Hackaball is a quite useful computer device for children, which combines both a virtual game and leisure. First, the child needs to program the ball, and later play his own games with him and his friends.
The computer located inside the Hackaball is connected to sensors that recognize the play with the ball and various actions with it. For example, it could be a fall, a rebound, a kick, vibration, or simply a stationary state. The child can program their ball using the iOS app, which allows you to customize the behavior of the Hackaball depending on what the children want.
The iOS app comes with a set of pre-installed games that can be sent to Hackaball for instant play. After mastering these initial games Kids can create their own using a simple block-based interface, experimenting with Hackaball sounds, LED lights and other effects.
Bionic ears
With this small device, a person can simply filter out extraneous noise.
The Startup Doppler laboratory presented an innovative: Bluetooth earplugs controlled using a smartphone application. Innovative technology allows you to control and personalize your sound environment. For example, during a concert or in transport.
“Bionic ears” are not headphones or earplugs in the sense in which users are accustomed to perceiving such products. The system uses audio processing algorithms that target specific frequency ranges, allowing you to control or isolate the sound entering the hearing aid person. The device is also equipped with a volume control and equalizer, effects (echo and reverb) and preset filters that mute too much loud sounds. The developers claim that this happens in real time, without delay.
Some influential investors such as Hanz Zimmer and Quincy Jones have already become interested in the project.
TZOA
Stationary, developed by electrician Kevin Hart, uses special sensors to assess the state of the surrounding atmosphere.
TZOA uses internal sensors to measure air quality, temperature, humidity, Atmosphere pressure, ambient light. When you connect TZOA to your smartphone, you can view your readings and receive recommendations.
With TZOA, you can monitor your environmental data map in real time. This will allow you to improve your lifestyle, you will know where to find the freshest air for running, where to plan a picnic, and you can even find air pollution hotspots in your area...
Such a sensor counts individual air particles and displays concentrations that may be harmful to humans. TZOA data will be streamed onto a smartphone into the TZOA app, which will then be sent to the cloud to create large-scale maps.
Gluten sensor
First of all, it is worth knowing that gluten is a complex protein that is part of the grains of many cereal crops, such as wheat, rye, oats and barley. In addition, gluten is often found in many products, where it is added artificially to increase the elasticity of the rest of the mass and give it shape. It can be included in ketchups, dressings, all kinds of gravies, chips, candies, ice cream, soy sauces, bouillon cubes, frozen vegetables, as well as restaurant French fries and vitamins in capsules and tablets.
Shirin Yates' gadget can predict the presence of gluten in any product and report the data directly on its display.
The American company 6SensorLabs, formed two years ago by immigrants from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, announced the release of its first product - a small portable sensor that can be used to quickly determine whether your food contains gluten. The new device, called Nima, will be available to pre-order from October 20, 2015.
A key feature of Nima is its speed, which makes it different from existing tests on the market that take 15 to 20 minutes to detect the presence of gluten. Nima performs such a test in 2 minutes, which, together with its miniature size, makes this device very attractive to consumers.
All the user needs to do is place the food sample into a disposable capsule and close the lid. This miniature capsule is then placed into a sensor, which is activated by pressing a button. If the food contains gluten, a small sad face will appear on the Nima display blue color. If there is no gluten, you will see a happy face. The sensor will be able to detect the presence of gluten even if the food contains at least 20 parts per million of gluten, which meets US regulatory requirements for gluten-free products.
In addition to the device itself, it will include mobile app, which will be available without purchasing a set. In the application, the user will be able to find constantly updated information on whether a particular restaurant takes into account the needs of allergy sufferers, whether the restaurant staff is knowledgeable enough to tell whether a dish on the menu contains gluten, and what the dish tastes like.
Artifon
If you still haven't decided which one musical instrument If you want to learn how to play, Artiphon will help you. The gadget can simulate dozens of instruments; you just need to set the necessary settings in the satellite application.
The creators talked about the new product on Kickstarter. Artifon was created over 4 years: during this time, many different prototypes were made.
The Artifon looks like a controller from the game Guitar Hero. Game modes can be switched using an application for a smartphone or tablet. The artiphone can also be connected to a computer via USB. In the first six hours on Kickstarter, the project raised $80,000. Currently, the counter has already exceeded 500 thousand. The first customers will be able to get the device for $300. It will be available in June.
Microsoft HoloLens
Microsoft calls this way of interacting with software the next step in the computing era, a new PC environment. The company notes that this lightweight device is a true embodiment of science fiction and is designed to fully blend the digital world with the physical.
Using the device, you can, for example, turn an ordinary wall into a large screen and display a game or movie on it. A table or an entire room can be turned into a field for a virtual game in Minecraft, placed virtual notes on the refrigerator, transformed into an apartment with virtual decorations, used for teaching, design, scientific purposes, and so on. Everything is limited only by the imagination of the developers.
It is important to note that Microsoft HoloLens is a self-contained device that has no wires and does not require a smartphone or connection to a PC. In this case, the holograms are displayed in high resolution, and the reproduced sounds are precisely positioned in space.
Along with the device it was announced software HoloStudio, which allows you to create “holograms”. Work with it is also carried out in a virtual environment via HoloLens. The user can interact with objects with their fingers and modify them. Voice commands for actions such as mirroring, copying, and rotating are also supported. There is a Magnet tool that makes it easier to grab virtual objects.
Holograms are universal Windows 10 apps. And vice versa: universal apps can work as holograms (for example, a Skype window can be snapped to a table in a certain position). Microsoft notes that this allows for a much more natural interaction with the application.
EKO CORE STETHOSCOPE
Even an experienced doctor may have difficulty diagnosing heart disease. In +help, cardiologists created an adapter for a stethoscope. It monitors heart sounds and transmits information to electronic device with a special application. Eko Core Stethoscope, developed in the USA, allows you to hear what the human ear cannot perceive. Its use will avoid the need to participate in expensive medical examinations. Attaches to almost any existing analog stethoscope. This device provides smooth analog and digital audio and wirelessly transmits audio via the stethoscope's Bluetooth to your smartphone or tablet.
Apple Pencil and iPad Pro
When Phil Schiller took the stage at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium, everyone, including those in the audience watching the presentation broadcast from various points globe spectators were prepared to see something special. And they turned out to be right. The novelty truly amazed the imagination. And not by its novelty and the advanced technologies embedded in it, but by its very appearance. As you already understood from the title, dear readers, today we will talk about the stylus, which was announced along with the revolutionary iPad Pro on September 9.
The Apple Pencil is an amazing tool where the capabilities of the iPad Pro begin to impress.
Apple's new Pencil allows the user to draw and write on the screen just as they would on regular paper.
This is not the first time Apple has been accused of not using its capabilities to the maximum (usually in order to add new features to the next generation). This time, interesting features were found not in the iPhone or iPad, but in... Apple Pencil.
Hoverboard Scooter
Part Segway, part skateboard - this is how the inventors themselves position their brainchild.
When the center of gravity of the body moves forward, gyroscopic sensors detect this movement and the motor begins to rotate forward. Accordingly, when the body tilts forward, the device moves straight. By leaning back, the user sets the movement in the opposite direction. When you transfer your body weight to one leg, only one motor turns on and, as a result, the hoverboard turns. All actions of the control device and motors occur in a fraction of a second. Often, after a few minutes of practice, the user can already confidently stand on the hoverboard.
The invention of this type of transport goes back to the 90s of the last century, when the first prototypes of vehicles using automatic balancing systems in their design appeared. Perhaps the ancestor of modern gyrotransport of this type can be called the invention of Segway. This device also has two wheels and a footrest. In rare cases, the model may be equipped with a seat. However, the main difference between a Segway and a hoverboard is the absence of a steering column. Here control is carried out not by manipulating the hands, but by moving the body weight from side to side. For example, to move forward you need to lean in the appropriate direction, to brake and move backward - vice versa. Turns are carried out by shifting body weight in the desired direction.
The first modern hoverboards began to appear only in the early 2014s. Then several Korean and Chinese companies began mass production and modernization of existing prototypes, but in the process of reducing the cost, unreliable materials and malfunctioning electronics were often used.
Pantelligent
The mobile app prompts the user to select the recipe they want, and then uses Bluetooth syncing and a special heat sensor to show all the tricks and tips in real time.
In short, the Pantelligent is a frying pan with temperature sensors built into the bottom and Bluetooth built into the handle. Plus, there is a high-quality non-stick coating. And an application installed on your smartphone will teach you how to use it.
It's simple - choose a recipe, start the process and receive detailed and clear instructions - from adding oil to adjusting the temperature. The frying pan itself will remind you when you need to turn the steak over in the pan and will notify you when the dish is completely ready. Step by step, with the help of voice and visual instructions, you will follow the main goal - preparing the perfect dish. This is very convenient, since you don’t have to hover over the pan all the time, but you can calmly go about your business. If necessary, the application will signal you to return to the stove. It's like a GPS navigator, only in the kitchen. Of course, you can do without it, or you can explore new uncharted territories using instructions that significantly facilitate this process. At the same time, just like with the navigator, it is still worth maintaining common sense and understanding that the frying pan does not have a built-in brain, which means you remain the main one in making basic decisions.
You can perceive the whole process of “communication” with the frying pan as an educational game. It never hurts to add some variety to your usual routine. A frying pan will be a particularly valuable assistant for those who are just starting to cook anything on their own, and for whom even a simple fried egg does not yet turn out the way they would like. By the way, even in this matter, a frying pan will help - it will allow you to cook scrambled eggs with to varying degrees yolk liquid, based on individual preference. And the steaks will never dry out or turn into rubber soles, because it is in such dishes that temperature control is a decisive factor for a successful result.
Radio, television, the first artificial satellite, color photography and much more are inscribed in the history of Russian inventions. These discoveries laid the foundation for the phenomenal development of various fields in the field of science and technology. Of course, everyone knows some of these stories, because sometimes they become almost more famous than the inventions themselves, while others remain in the shadow of their high-profile neighbors.
1. Electric car
It is difficult to imagine the modern world without cars. Of course, more than one mind had a hand in the invention of this transport, and in improving the machine and bringing it to its present state, the number of participants increases significantly, geographically bringing together the whole world. But we will separately note Ippolit Vladimirovich Romanov, since he was responsible for the invention of the world's first electric car. In 1899, in St. Petersburg, an engineer introduced a four-wheeled carriage designed to carry two passengers. Among the features of this invention, it can be noted that the diameter of the front wheels was significantly greater than the diameter of the rear ones. Maximum speed was equal to 39 km/h, but a very complex charging system made it possible to travel only 60 km at this speed. This electric car became the forefather of the trolleybus as we know it.
2. Monorail
And today monorails make a futuristic impression, so one can imagine how incredible by the standards of 1820 the “pole road” invented by Ivan Kirillovich Elmanov was. The horse-drawn trolley moved along a beam that was mounted on small supports. To Elmanov’s great regret, there was no philanthropist who was interested in the invention, which is why he had to abandon the idea. And only 70 years later the monorail was built in Gatchina, St. Petersburg province.
3. Electric motor
Boris Semenovich Jacobi, an architect by training, at the age of 33, while in Konigsberg, became interested in the physics of charged particles, and in 1834 he made a discovery - an electric motor operating on the principle of rotation of the working shaft. Jacobi instantly became famous in scientific circles, and among many invitations to further training and development he chooses St. Petersburg University. So, together with academician Emilius Christianovich Lentz, he continued work on the electric motor, creating two more options. The first was intended for a boat and rotated the paddle wheels. With the help of this engine, the ship easily stayed afloat, even moving against the current of the Neva River. And the second electric motor was the prototype of a modern tram and rolled a person in a cart along the rails. Among Jacobi's inventions, one can also note electroforming - a process that allows you to create perfect copies of the original object. This discovery was widely used to decorate interiors, houses and much more. The scientist’s achievements also include the creation of underground and underwater cables. Boris Jacobi became the author of about a dozen designs of telegraph apparatus, and in 1850 he invented the world's first direct-printing telegraph apparatus, which worked on the principle of synchronous movement. This device was recognized as one of the greatest achievements in electrical engineering of the mid-19th century.
4. Color photography
If previously everything that happened tried to get on paper, now all life is aimed at getting a photograph. Therefore, without this invention, which became part of the small but rich history of photography, we would not have seen such “reality”. Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky developed a special camera and presented his brainchild to the world in 1902. This camera was capable of taking three photographs of the same image, each of which was passed through three completely different light filters: red, green and blue. And the patent received by the inventor in 1905 can, without exaggeration, be considered the beginning of the era of color photography in Russia. This invention becomes much better than the developments of foreign chemists, which is important fact due to the massive interest in photography around the world.
5. Bicycle
It is generally accepted that all information about the invention of the bicycle before 1817 is doubtful. The story of Efim Mikheevich Artamonov also comes into play at this time. The Ural serf inventor made the first bicycle ride around 1800 from the Ural workers' Tagil factory village to Moscow, the distance was about two thousand versts. For his invention, Efim was granted freedom from serfdom. But this story remains a legend, while the patent of the German professor Baron Karl von Dres from 1818 is a historical fact.
6. Telegraph
Humanity has always been looking for ways to transfer information from one source to another as quickly as possible. Fire, smoke from a fire, and various combinations of sound signals helped people transmit distress signals and other emergency messages. The development of this process is undoubtedly one of the most important tasks facing the world. The first electromagnetic telegraph was created by the Russian scientist Pavel Lvovich Schilling in 1832, presenting it in his apartment. He came up with a certain combination of symbols, each of which corresponded to a letter of the alphabet. This combination appeared on the device as black or white circles.
7. Incandescent lamp
If you say “incandescent lamp,” then the name Edison immediately comes to mind. Yes, this invention is no less famous than the name of its inventor. However, comparatively a small amount of people know that Edison did not invent the lamp, but only improved it. While Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin, being a member of the Russian Technical Society, in 1870 proposed using tungsten filaments in lamps, twisting them into a spiral. Of course, the history of the invention of the lamp is not the result of the work of one scientist - rather, it is a series of successive discoveries that were in the air and were needed by the world, but it was Alexander Lodygin’s contribution that became especially great.
8. Radio
The question of who is the inventor of radio is controversial. Almost every country has its own scientist who is credited with creating this device. So, in Russia this scientist is Alexander Stepanovich Popov, in whose favor many weighty arguments are given. On May 7, 1895, the reception and transmission of radio signals at a distance was demonstrated for the first time. And the author of this demonstration was Popov. He was not only the first to put a receiver into practice, but also the first to send a radiogram. Both events occurred before the patent of Marconi, who is considered the inventor of radio.
9. Television
The discovery and widespread use of television broadcasting has radically changed the way information is disseminated in society. Boris Lvovich Rosing was also involved in this powerful achievement, who in July 1907 filed an application for the invention of a “Method for electrically transmitting images over distances.” Boris Lvovich managed to successfully transmit and receive an accurate image on the screen of what was still a simple device, which was a prototype of the kinescope of a modern television, which the scientist called an “electric telescope.” Among those who helped Rosing with his experience was Vladimir Zvorykin, a student at the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology - it was he, and not Rosing, who would be called the father of television several decades later, although the operation of all reproducing television devices was based on the principle discovered by Boris Lvovich in 1911.
10. Parachute
Gleb Evgenievich Kotelnikov was an actor of the troupe People's House on the Petersburg side. At the same time, impressed by the death of the pilot, Kotelnikov began developing a parachute. Before Kotelnikov, pilots escaped with the help of long folded “umbrellas” attached to the plane. Their design was very unreliable, and they greatly increased the weight of the aircraft. Therefore, they were used extremely rarely. Gleb Evgenievich proposed his completed project for a backpack parachute in 1911. But, despite successful tests, the inventor did not receive a patent in Russia. The second attempt was more successful, and in 1912 in France his discovery received legal force. But this fact did not help the parachute to begin widespread production in Russia due to the fears of the head of the Russian air force, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, that at the slightest malfunction the aviators will leave the airplane. And only in 1924 he finally received a domestic patent, and later transferred all rights to use his invention to the government.
11. Cinema camera
In 1893, working together with the physicist Lyubimov, Joseph Andreevich Timchenko created the so-called “snail” - a special mechanism with the help of which it was possible to intermittently change the sequence of frames in a strobe. This mechanism later formed the basis of the kinetoscope, which Timchenko developed together with engineer Freudenberg. The demonstration of the kinetoscope took place in next year at the Congress of Russian Doctors and Naturalists. Two films were shown: “The Javelin Thrower” and “The Galloping Horseman”, which were filmed at the Odessa Hippodrome. There is even documentary evidence of this event. Thus, the minutes of the section meeting read: “Representatives of the meeting familiarized themselves with Mr. Timchenko’s invention with interest. And, in accordance with the proposals of the two professors, we decided to express gratitude to Mr. Timchenko.”
12. Automatic
Since 1913, inventor Vladimir Grigorievich Fedorov began work consisting of testing an automatic rifle (firing in bursts) chambered for a 6.5 mm caliber cartridge, which was the fruit of his development. Three years later, soldiers of the 189th Izmail Regiment are already being armed with such rifles. But serial production of machine guns was launched only after the end of the revolution. The designer's weapons were in service with the Russian army until 1928. But, according to some data, during the Winter War with Finland, troops still used some copies of the Fedorov assault rifle.
13. Laser
The history of the invention of the laser began with the name of Einstein, who created the theory of the interaction of radiation with matter. At the same time, Alexey Tolstoy, in his famous novel “The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin,” wrote about the same thing. Until 1955, attempts to create a laser were not successful. And only thanks to two Russian physicist engineers - N.G. Basov and A.M. Prokhorov, who developed a quantum generator, the laser began its history in practice. In 1964, Basov and Prokhorov received the Nobel Prize in Physics.
14. Artificial heart
The name of Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov is associated with more than one operation that was performed for the first time. Surprisingly, Demikhov was not a doctor - he was a biologist. In 1937, as a third-year student at the Faculty of Biology of Moscow state university, he created a mechanical heart and gave it to the dog instead of a real one. The dog lived with the prosthesis for about three hours. After the war, Demikhov got a job at the Institute of Surgery of the Academy medical sciences USSR and created a small experimental laboratory there, in which he began to conduct research on organ transplantation. Already in 1946, he was the first in the world to perform a heart transplant from one dog to another. That same year, he also performed the first heart and lung transplant on a dog at the same time. And most importantly, Demikhov’s dogs lived with transplanted hearts for several days. This was a real breakthrough in cardiovascular surgery.
15. Anesthesia
Since ancient times, humanity has dreamed of getting rid of pain. This was especially true for treatment, which was sometimes more painful than the illness itself. Herbs, strong alcohol only dulled the symptoms, but did not allow serious actions accompanied by serious painful sensations. This significantly hampered the development of medicine. Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov is a great Russian surgeon to whom the world owes many the most important discoveries, made enormous contributions to anesthesiology. In 1847, he summarized his experiments in a monograph on anesthesia, which was published throughout the world. Three years later, for the first time in the history of medicine, he began to operate on the wounded with ether anesthesia in field conditions. In total, the great surgeon performed about 10,000 operations under ether anesthesia. Nikolai Ivanovich is also the author topographic anatomy, which has no analogues in the world.
16. Mozhaisky’s plane
Many minds around the world worked to solve the most complex problems of aircraft development. Numerous drawings, theories and even test designs did not give a practical result - the plane did not lift a person into the air. The talented Russian inventor Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky was the first in the world to create a life-size airplane. Having studied the works of his predecessors, he developed and supplemented them, using his theoretical knowledge and practical experience. His results fully resolved the issues of his time and, despite a very unfavorable situation, namely the lack of actual capabilities in material and technical terms, Mozhaisky was able to find the strength to complete the construction of the world's first aircraft. It was a creative feat that forever glorified our Motherland. But the surviving documentary materials, unfortunately, do not allow us to describe in the necessary detail the aircraft of A.F. Mozhaisky and its tests.
17. Aerodynamics
Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky developed the theoretical foundations of aviation and methods for calculating aircraft - and this was at a time when the builders of the first aircraft argued that “an airplane is not a machine, it cannot be calculated,” and most of all relied on experience, practice and their intuition. In 1904, Zhukovsky discovered a law defining lift aircraft wing, determined the main profiles of the wings and propeller blades of the aircraft; developed the vortex theory of the propeller.
18. Atomic and hydrogen bomb
Academician Igor Vasilievich Kurchatov occupies a special place in the science of the twentieth century and in the history of our country. He, an outstanding physicist, played an exceptional role in the development of scientific and scientific-technical problems of mastering nuclear energy in the Soviet Union. The solution to this most difficult task, the creation in a short time of the nuclear shield of the Motherland in one of the most dramatic periods in the history of our country, the development of problems of the peaceful use of nuclear energy was the main work of his life. It was under his leadership that the most terrible weapon of the post-war era was created and successfully tested in 1949. No room for error, otherwise - execution... And already in 1961, a group of nuclear physicists from Kurchatov’s laboratory created the most powerful explosive device in the entire history of mankind - the AN 602 hydrogen bomb, which was immediately assigned the quite appropriate historical name- "Tsar bomb". When testing this bomb, the seismic wave resulting from the explosion circled the globe three times.
19. Rocket and space technology and practical astronautics
The name of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev characterizes one of the most striking pages in the history of our state - the era of space exploration. The first artificial satellite of the Earth, the first manned flight into space, the first astronaut open space, the long-term operation of the orbital station and much more are directly related to the name of Academician Korolev - the first Chief Designer of rocket and space systems. From 1953 to 1961, Korolev’s every day was scheduled minute by minute: at the same time he worked on projects for a manned spacecraft, an artificial satellite and an intercontinental rocket. October 4, 1957 was a great day for world astronautics: after that, Sputnik flew through Soviet pop culture for another 30 years and was even registered in the Oxford Dictionary as “sputnik.” Well, about what happened on April 12, 1961, it’s enough to say “man in space,” because almost every one of our compatriots knows what we’re talking about.
20. Mi series helicopters
During the Great Patriotic War, Academician Mil worked in evacuation in the village of Bilimbay, mainly working on improving combat aircraft, improving their stability and controllability. His work was recognized with five government awards. In 1943, Mil defended his Ph.D. thesis “Criteria for aircraft controllability and maneuverability”; in 1945 - doctoral dissertation: “Dynamics of a rotor with articulated blades and its application to problems of stability and controllability of a gyroplane and helicopter.” In December 1947, M. L. Mil became the chief designer of an experimental helicopter design bureau. After a series of tests at the beginning of 1950, a decree was issued on the creation of an experimental series of 15 GM-1 helicopters under the designation Mi-1.
21. Airplanes of Andrei Tupolev
The design bureau of Andrei Tupolev developed more than 100 types of aircraft, 70 of which were mass-produced over the years. With the participation of his aircraft, 78 world records were set, 28 unique flights were completed, including the rescue of the crew of the Chelyuskin steamship with the participation of the ANT-4 aircraft. Non-stop flights of the crews of Valery Chkalov and Mikhail Gromov to the USA through the North Pole were carried out on ANT-25 model aircraft. ANT-25 aircraft were also used in the scientific expeditions “North Pole” by Ivan Papanin. Big number bomber aircraft, torpedo bombers, reconnaissance aircraft designed by Tupolev (TV-1, TV-3, SB, TV-7, MTB-2, TU-2) and torpedo boats G-4, G-5 were used in combat operations in the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1945. In peacetime, military and civilian aircraft developed under the leadership of Tupolev included the Tu-4 strategic bomber, the first Soviet jet bomber Tu-12, the Tu-95 turboprop strategic bomber, the Tu-16 long-range missile carrier bomber, supersonic bomber Tu-22; the first jet passenger aircraft Tu-104 (built on the basis of the Tu-16 bomber), the first turboprop intercontinental passenger airliner Tu-114, short- and medium-haul aircraft Tu-124, Tu-134, Tu-154. Together with Alexei Tupolev, the supersonic passenger aircraft Tu-144 was developed. Tupolev aircraft became the basis of the Aeroflot airline fleet, and were also operated in dozens of countries around the world.
22. Eye microsurgery
Millions of doctors, having received a diploma, are eager to help people and dream of future achievements. But most of them gradually lose their former passion: no aspirations, the same thing from year to year. Fedorov’s enthusiasm and interest in the profession only grew from year to year. Just six years after graduation, he defended his Ph.D. thesis, and in 1960, in Cheboksary, where he then worked, he performed a revolutionary operation to replace the lens of the eye with an artificial one. Similar operations were carried out abroad before, but in the USSR they were considered pure quackery, and Fedorov was fired from his job. After that, he became the head of the department of eye diseases at the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute. It was here that the “Fedorov empire” began in his biography: a team of like-minded people gathered around the irrepressible surgeon, ready for revolutionary changes in eye microsurgery. People from all over the country flocked to Arkhangelsk with the hope of regaining their lost sight - and they really did see. The innovative surgeon was also “officially” appreciated - he and his team moved to Moscow. And he began to do absolutely fantastic things: correct vision using keratotomy (special incisions on the cornea of the eye), transplant donor corneas, developed new method surgery for glaucoma, became a pioneer of laser eye microsurgery.
23. Tetris
Mid 80's. A time covered in legends. The idea of Tetris was born to Alexey Pajitnov in 1984 after meeting the puzzle of the American mathematician Solomon Golomb Pentomino Puzzle. The essence of this puzzle was quite simple and painfully familiar to any contemporary: from several figures it was necessary to assemble one large one. Alexey decided to make a computer version of pentominoes. Pajitnov not only took the idea, but also expanded it: in his game, you had to collect figures in a glass in real time, and the figures themselves consisted of five elements and could rotate around when falling own center gravity. But the computers of the Computing Center were unable to do this - the electronic pentomino simply did not have enough resources. Then Alexey decides to reduce the number of blocks that made up the falling figures to four. This is how pentominoes became tetrominoes. New game Alexey calls it “Tetris”.