Spiritual crisis in Russia: can it be overcome. The spiritual sphere of society and its problems. The Crisis of Spirituality in the Modern World

AT recent times society became interested personal growth and . Esotericism, yoga and other spiritual systems have become fashionable. For some, this is a way to hide from the gray reality, to forget or to cope with severe trauma. For some, this lifestyle helps to survive spiritual crisis- the phenomenon is frequent and often critical. Let's figure out what it is, how it arises and what are the consequences of unresolved spiritual problems.

General concept

Spiritual Crisis:

associated with the concept internal development person;
is an integral part of human life, a critical and transitional stage psychological state personality, which leads to internal metamorphoses and spiritual development;
often associated with fear, loneliness, depression, despondency and despair, appearing as a result of experienced stress.

There is no generally accepted and definitive definition of this phenomenon. But it has been studied for a long time, and each researcher has contributed to understanding the essence of this condition and finding ways to deal with it.

Definition of the term in various areas of psychology

Well-known psychologists who have tried to formulate a definition of a spiritual crisis, or a crisis of human spirituality, and have studied it, are Christina and Stanislav Grof. They were among the first to use this phrase, describing a specific state of consciousness that has a supernatural character. In transpersonal psychology, a moral crisis is referred to as a transpersonal spiritual crisis. This relatively new branch of psychology has already played important role in the study of individual states of human consciousness.

Vladimir Kozlov, a supporter of dividing the whole into several parts, in addition to the spiritual one, identified other types of personal crisis:

social;
material.

He believed that spiritual fractures are manifested in a person's attraction to global changes, his piety, and awareness of the higher purpose of existence. Kozlov did not agree with the theory of the Grofs and called the spiritual crisis psycho-spiritual.

Depressive moods: severe stress, panic attacks and fear, insecurity (and freedom), a feeling of abandonment, disunity, guilt - in existential psychology, these are not accompanying states with moral problems, but stages of life and its very essence. The probability of a spiritual break depends on how much they are controlled by an individual.

Close to the definition of crisis given by the Grofs is A. J. Deikman's definition from transpersonal psychology. He coined his name, mystical psychosis, referring to all psychotic moods of a mystical nature.

Carl Jung was of the opinion that the listed altered states are not necessarily the result of an illness (bodily or mental). Unusual emotions, bodily sensations that cause discomfort, an extraordinary mind, and so on, lead to a change in consciousness, moral development.

Western psychiatry, which has had a huge impact on domestic science, does not consider the obvious manifestations of the crisis pathology. These hidden experiences under the influence medical preparations and procedures do not allow to develop special potential, learn lessons and become harmonious personality. Unjustified consumption of potent drugs suppresses the real "I" and brings an imaginary sense of stability and satisfaction.

Forms and various states of moral crisis

Stanislav Grof focused on individual states that are considered the most difficult and oppressive:

panic;
anxiety;
fear;
phobias.

We are talking about an unreasonable, unconscious feeling of anxiety, which can negatively affect the physical condition of a person. The most understandable fear we experience in this state is the fear of dying or seeing death. A person becomes obsessed with the thought of approaching death, he develops depressive moods and emptiness in his eyes, chilliness, trembling and other symptoms.

He is plagued by a feeling of loneliness and abandonment. The feeling of uselessness is familiar to many, but during a spiritual crisis, a person, even regularly being among other people, does not feel ... at home! He loses contact with the Higher Mind, with the divine principle, it seems to him that no one will ever recognize him as his own. In this state, people often become suicidal.

Insanity, obsession, recklessness - a rich imagination plays a cruel joke with people. Escape from the real world allows them to create their own ideal world. They begin to have visions, there is a fear of losing their minds. They guess that they feel and see in a special way, while they are generally healthy.

Separate behavior is a consequence of loneliness For example, a person identifies himself with an indigo, intentionally (or not) isolating himself from society. If one day he was not accepted or misunderstood by the group, this can leave an imprint on his whole life and it will be difficult for him to get along in the team.

Causes of problems and their consequences

There is an opinion that experiencing a crisis of spirituality is an inevitable part of human life. Any, even the most difficult, moments in our lives can turn everything upside down and change the usual way of life. The meaning of mental torment is also to become happier, clear your head of unnecessary rubbish, stop fussing and worrying for any reason, and rise above difficult circumstances. What specific reasons lead a person to spiritual problems?

External circumstances

These include:

serious illness and helplessness, pregnancy and the appearance of children, the presence of addiction and the inability to get rid of it;
living in poverty or the phenomenon of “nowhere to put money”, abrupt changes (loss of fortune, family, job, relocation);
excessive energy, fear of not having time to do something or doing it imperfectly (perfectionism), chronic fatigue, burnout.

According to Vladimir Kozlov, these causes fall into categories: a distorted ego, non-realization of the personality, a feeling of incompleteness of existence.

For example, here are a few situations where the likelihood of a crisis is high.

Situation 1. A person lives in his "swamp". Everything here is so familiar, albeit imperfect. And it seems to feel internal potential to accomplish something worthwhile, but it's scary ... It's scary to lose this too, not to bear such a burden on fragile shoulders. Attitude: “I am capable of many things, but most people think of me that I am infantile, weak and boring. I can't do it!" If one day such a "dared man" decides to leave the comfort zone, this is the first step towards self-healing.

Situation 2. A person accepts a challenge. He develops a plan for his future existence, ruthlessly throwing out unnecessary people, leaving an unloved and underpaid job, and much more. This determination and ability to act defines the adult individual.

Situation 3. To die in order to be reborn again. Preferably in the best position. uneasy crucial moment it happens, and then a person seems to wake up after a long sleep, a complete reboot occurs. Vladimir Kozlov believed that such a sharp jump, the rejection of everything that is expensive, one might not survive. Sometimes real death or madness ensues.

Situation 4. We are taught that we must certainly learn from any situation. A developed, whole individual copes with acute changes without panic and tries to settle everything and get used to new circumstances. During such periods, the ego no longer breaks out, social relationships become more valuable.

Who is called a spiritually developed and enlightened person? A person who learned something important from all the above situations and learned to use it. He will share his knowledge and experience with others. Then all is not in vain!

The younger generation at all times was considered by society as a natural resource of the future, which must be socialized, cultivated, educated. The main functionaries in this regard, along with the family, are institutions of general education, youth policy, culture, health, physical education and sports, institutions of additional education for children, universities, secondary schools, public and religious organizations. As a result joint efforts an open and accessible support system is being formed for young people, aimed at improving the quality of life of young people, who largely have the level of mobility, intellectual activity and health that distinguishes them from other groups of the population. It is young people who quickly adapt to new living conditions. Therefore, Russian society is faced with the question of the need to minimize the costs and losses that Russia incurs due to the problems associated with the socialization of young people and their integration into a single economic, political and socio-cultural space.

The municipal formation of the city of Noyabrsk is one of the northern subpolar cities of Yamal with a population of 110 thousand people, which is provided by the development of the oil and gas complex. The relatively high solvency of the bulk of the townspeople is one of the factors contributing to the spread of drug addiction in the city. The peculiarities of the geographical location of Noyabrsk, which is a kind of gateway to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, also make it vulnerable to the penetration of drugs here, since, unlike many other territories of the Okrug, a highway passes through Noyabrsk, Railway, air traffic. In this regard, the problem of distribution and non-medical use psychoactive substances, unfortunately, here, continues to be extremely sharp. Despite the fact that at present in Noyabrsk, as well as throughout the country, a system of interaction of structures has been formed, whose activities are aimed at solving the problem of drug addiction and drug trafficking, drug addiction is spreading rapidly, capturing, first of all, the youth environment.

In Russia, the devastating consequences of life without God, the social experiment of the 20th century imposed on society, and the liberal-democratic changes of recent decades are especially obvious. Now no one doubts that without a change in the spiritual and moral state of society, the productive implementation of socio-economic and political reforms is impossible. Salvation in overcoming the crisis for Russia is the restoration of the system of moral and ethical values and, as a result, the spread of the traditional spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of our Fatherland.

His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia, who once blessed the publication of the well-known magazine Narconet, wrote: “One of terrible ailments that hit our country is drug addiction. The death toll from drugs is comparable to the losses in a bloody war. This is the main threat to Russia.”

Our state is making significant efforts to protect its fellow citizens from danger. But the role of each person in resisting this evil is difficult to overestimate.

It should be recognized that society, by the natural course of its development, assigned a special role in solving these problems to Orthodoxy and other religious denominations. It is they who, directing their efforts to the formation of positive human personality, achieve the greatest results in the spiritual improvement of society, including in matters of combating drug addiction - a problem that impedes the spiritual, moral and civic development of young people, regarding it as a sin that provokes a disease of the soul and body.

The creativity of religious and spiritual education, unfortunately, was not always realized by society. But history confirms its necessity and significance. This happens at fateful breaks, when it is required to mobilize the spirit of the people for the salvation of the people themselves. So it was during the Great Patriotic War, apparently, it is happening now. So in 1941, at the fatal hour of the beginning of fascist aggression, the question was precisely about universal, all-Russian patriotism, with the naturally dominant role of the Russian. And in this a special place belongs to the Russian Orthodox Church. Our multinational and multi-confessional country survived and rose from the ashes, declaring itself as a world power with the richest spiritual, moral, cultural and socio-economic potential.

This example teaches us - the current generation, faced with a terrible misfortune - drug addiction, comparable in its consequences, except perhaps with a war that threatens the future of our state, to consider today the aspect of unanimity of church and state as a manifestation of the vital interaction of secular and spiritual asceticism.

But so far, Russian society continues to experience an acute spiritual and moral crisis. The moral and ethical state of society is a reflection of the changes that took place in public consciousness and state policy at the end of the 20th century. Russian state lost its official ideology, and society lost its spiritual and moral ideals. Spiritual and moral teaching and educational functions turned out to be minimized operating system education. As a result, the set of value attitudes inherent in the mass consciousness (including children's and youth's) turned out to be destructive and destructive in many respects from the point of view of the development of the individual, family and state.

It is clear that the future is created primarily by the upbringing of children, and the spiritual and moral crisis has acutely affected, first of all, children, adolescents and youth - that part of society that has not yet formed a system of values. In this regard, of course, the role of the family in the upbringing of the child, first of all, is great.

The truth is known - we all come from childhood, so it is difficult to overestimate the importance of preserving family values developed by mankind for the future of the country and civilization as a whole. “Taking into account the fact that the socio-economic development of society begins with the family and that it was the family that was and remains the guarantee of a strong state, any depreciation of family foundations and propaganda of premarital, free relationship inevitably lead to the degradation of society. In this regard, the organization in the educational environment of special work to form the commitment of the younger generation to family values is of particular relevance.
It is this upbringing that presupposes the formation in a person of a certain hierarchy of moral and ethical values. Without which it is difficult for a child, as well as a person in general, to correctly assess life situations make a decision and, as the realities of life testify, without which “the spiritual genotype of young people turned out to be“ naked ”, more sensitive to moral damage, since it did not accept the protective mechanisms developed by the older generation in a previous life.”

In this regard, the spiritual formation of the personality is the basis of educational activities and the revival of the moral foundations of the individual, family and society, as part of the activity to motivate society to healthy lifestyle life.
Today, our children are under pressure from an entire industry of dangerous entertainment and even outright sexual depravity. It is clear that as long as this industry continues to operate, it is impossible to hope for the education of a good generation. It can be assumed that spiritual trouble not only contributes to the development of social diseases, but is itself a damaging factor for the emerging personality. “The more the moral state of society is predisposed to the commission of bad deeds, the more often they actually happen. Therefore, by the number of violations of universal commandments (do not kill, do not steal, do not commit adultery, do not create an idol for yourself, honor your parents, do not despair), one can retrospectively judge the level of damage to the spiritual sphere.

In recent decades, a de-ideologized liberal standard has been imposed on the entire world community, including Russia, as a universal model for the organization of the state and man, the essence of which lies in the priority of earthly interests over moral and religious values, as well as over the sovereignty of states and patriotic feelings. The traditional foundations of upbringing and education are being replaced by "more modern", Western ones. So, Christian virtues are the universal values of humanism; pedagogy of respect for elders and joint work - the development of a creative egoistic personality; chastity, abstinence, self-restraint - permissiveness and satisfaction of one's needs; love and self-sacrifice - Western psychology of self-affirmation; interest in national culture - an exceptional interest in foreign languages and foreign traditions.

An ideology that is non-traditional for the domestic educational system, based on the principle of tolerance for everything and everything, emphasizes the priority of intellectual development over moral development; changing the traditional meaning of the concepts of "spirituality", "morality", "virtue", assuming the possibility of the existence of education separately from upbringing. However, experience has shown that attempts to form moral feelings, a moral position based on a general humanistic approach and liberal, “universal” values do not lead to success. Today it is clear that the humanistic utopia associated with the idealization of the West and the belief that the market economy will solve all social problems and create a moral society is untenable.

The place of education based on the traditions of national culture is occupied by educational and entertainment campaigns in the context of liberal democratic values. These values have a decisive influence on the system of moral standards of children, youth, and society as a whole. “It has been formed in many countries. What distinguishes this civilization? The idea of consumption is to have more and spend more. …There is some historical explanation for why this happened. But when it becomes something similar to a life ideal, to the main goal-setting of a person, it is dangerous for the life of the people. Because the people, especially Russia - a multinational, multi-religious people, which is located in such vast spaces, cannot live without an idea, without a unifying idea. This cultural code of ours is our national idea, which reproduces each subsequent generation in terms of the formation of their value system. It was about this, as an educational policy format acceptable for our Fatherland, that His Holiness Patriarch Kirill mentioned in his speech at a meeting on February 8, 2012 between Vladimir Putin and the leaders of Russia's traditional religious communities.

This standard today largely determines the Russian educational policy. In the format of new approaches to the issues of introducing children and youth to the original spiritual and moral roots, education specialists received support at the state level. At present, the cooperation between the Church, the state and society is reaching new level education becomes a national affair.

One of the traditional national value methodologies has always been and remains the pedagogical component of Orthodox culture. The problem of considering the special functions of religion in education is not new. It is historically recognized that a special role in the spiritual and moral education of the individual and in familiarization with the system of moral values belongs to religion. The development of the system of pedagogy confirms that religious culture was the main source of education for the younger generation, not only in Russia.

Orthodoxy has always been at the center of the cultural and social life of the Russian people, being its spiritual, ideological, moral and culture-forming factor. Undoubtedly, the introduction of the course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" into the educational system has become positive. By involving pupils in the study of religious and cultural heritage within the framework of additional academic disciplines, teachers will be able to contribute to solving the problems of spiritual and moral education of the younger generation. Considering that modern pedagogy is actively searching for a new model of education that can effectively influence the spiritual and moral development of the rising generations of Russians, the available historical experience suggests that the new cannot be built without taking into account the old, traditional. Therefore, the most valuable in the pedagogical heritage should not only be recreated, preserved, but also creatively developed.

Now it is undeniable that overcoming the crisis for Russia is connected with the restoration and dissemination of traditional spiritual and moral culture. Only the traditional way of life can be opposed to the aggressive influence of culture exported with the civilizational model of the West. For Russia, there is no other way to get out of the crisis in the spiritual and moral sphere, except for the revival of the original Russian civilization on the traditional values of national culture. What is possible under the condition of restoring the spiritual, moral and intellectual potential bearer of Russian culture - the Russian people.

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The crisis of spiritual values as a global problem of our time

In the modern world, such a concept as globalization is widespread. Globality is a term that is increasingly used by philosophers when considering social environmental issues on a worldwide scale. One of the significant problems of our time is the problem of spiritual values.

Society, having lost its spiritual core - the main criterion of morality, in fact, loses an integral system of moral principles of its inner world. The emerging emptiness oppresses a person, he feels that something is lost, he fully feels the emerging emptiness.

It can be said that the crisis of modern society is a consequence of the destruction of obsolete spiritual values developed back in the Renaissance. In order for society to acquire its own moral and ethical principles, with the help of which it was possible to find its place in this world without destroying itself, a change in previous traditions is required. Speaking about the spiritual values of the Renaissance, it is worth noting that their existence for more than six centuries, determined the spirituality of European society, had a significant impact on the materialization of ideas.

In the modern world, where most countries are industrialized, the values of the Renaissance have exhausted themselves. Mankind, satisfying its material needs, did not pay attention to environment, did not calculate the consequences of its large-scale influences on it. We entered intoXXIcentury. Now the consumer civilization is focused on obtaining maximum profit when using natural resources leading to a number of environmental problems. Now people began to own the concept of "what cannot be sold, has not only a price, but also a value."

In modern society, the number of crimes is constantly increasing, violence and hostility are familiar to us. All these phenomena are the result of alienation and loneliness. Therefore, violence, crime, hatred are the expression of the soul. It is worth considering what souls and inner world are filled with today. modern people. For most, it is anger, hatred, fear. The question arises: where should one look for the source of everything negative? According to the authors, the source is within society itself. The values that for a long time we were dictated by the West, they cannot satisfy the norms of all mankind. Today we can conclude that a crisis of values has come. As a result, it became necessary to develop new system spiritual values. It is they who in the future are called upon to determine the further development of mankind.

Russia has its own specifics; it has a special geopolitical position, intermediate between Europe and Asia. In my opinion, Russia must finally take its position, independent of either the West or the East. Russia must have its own way of development, taking into account all its specific features.

Let's look at the current situation in Russia. Many Russian people remain unbelievers: they do not believe in God, or in goodness, or in other people. Many lose love and hope, becoming embittered and cruel, letting hatred into their hearts and souls. Today at Russian society primacy belongs to Western material values: material goods, power, money; people go over their heads, achieving their goals, our souls become stale, we forget about spirituality, morality. A depressed state, constant depression and dull thoughts reign in society: about the dull present, the lack of a reliable future and death, which, after such reflections, comes earlier. In my opinion, representatives of the humanities. After all, they are people not only of action, but also the owners of the “word”, its extraordinary power. After all, we must not forget that Christ once preached to his disciples. And after more than two thousand years, a considerable period by the standards of man, we remember his commandments and try to follow them.

The period of the 90s, which we call "perestroika", when we wanted to short term come from socialism to capitalism. The transition of the country to a different state is carried out through the rapid disorientation of social groups and institutions, the loss of personal identification with the former social structures, values and norms, the gradual destruction of cultural, creative and social ties. What was considered a “deviation” in Soviet times is now sometimes positioned in a completely different way. So, for example, homosexual relations from sexual deviations are gradually moving into the category of the norm and are quite freely advertised in the media, newspapers, movies, etc.

Collective farms were destroyed before our eyes, which means that people not only lost their jobs, but could no longer feed not only themselves, but also the country, which, in turn, led to famine. I think there are those who still remember carrot tea, bread on coupons and wages for groceries. And all this has drawn people into poverty.

In such a situation, it becomes necessary to give meaning to one's earthly existence with the help of ideals and values, and a person must pass this test with dignity. Here it is important to direct efforts to understand and realize those values that people consider “their own”.

In Russia, there is an active destruction of emotional ties between people, alienation is growing. And money gets rid of any addictions, but clearly demonstrates how everything is bought through mental and spiritual devastation, loss of a sense of kinship, love and friendliness.

Valentin Rasputin spoke about this in the words of Ivan Petrovich in his “Fire”: “How could it happen that truth and conscience, walking with each other, had to bow to something else, more important? How could it happen that what was good was considered a weakness of man?

Against the backdrop of such a "mass madness" a new generation has grown up, sharply different from the previous ones, brought up on cruelty and brute force. And it is not surprising that the hero of the new world, not our Timur with his team or the insightful Nancy Drew, but Bloodrain is a vampire who kills everyone in his path or Rain is a character computer game, which evolved into a whole movie that could affect more people.

And involuntarily you begin to think, happiness, is it possible or not in our world? Is it an illusion or reality?

For many centuries, peoples of different faiths have lived on the territory of Russia. It has been noticed that certain virtues, values and norms - faith, hope, love, wisdom, courage, justice, temperance, catholicity - coincide in many religions. Hope for a better future, which has always helped people to cope with the cruel reality, to overcome their despair. In Russian culture, there has always been a desire for catholicity, the unity of all: man with God and the world around him as God's creation. Sobornost also has a social character: the Russian people throughout the history of Russia, Russian Empire to protect his homeland, his state, he always showed conciliarity: during the Great Troubles of 1598-1613, during the Patriotic War of 1812, in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

We have entered a new time, we are its creation and its creators. We are faced with enormous tasks, and most importantly, we need to live it with dignity and provide hope for our descendants. The path of Christ, framed by flowers, lay through torment and the cross that he took upon himself. The Church and her foundations are not only a great weakness, but also great power for a man! At all times, the church, its canons followed the state, its activities, which means that there is something that still unites us!