If it vomits a lot. Why vomit? Why does the machine break the thread

In rare cases, it is associated with a bacterial infection, which requires medical treatment to eliminate. However, in most cases it goes away on its own within a few days. However, vomiting can also occur with other diseases and conditions, some of which require medical attention.

Causes of vomiting

Symptoms of vomiting

You can cope on your own with vomiting associated with motion sickness, overeating, large amounts of alcohol or.

With vomiting accompanied by acute and constant or repeated several times after a head injury, with signs of dehydration, dry mouth, intense urination, changes in mental or functional activity in the elderly, as well as with vomiting, accompanied by stiff neck, with blood admixture in vomit or if they resemble coffee grounds, you must urgently seek medical help (call an ambulance).

What can you do

Adults are advised to give the stomach a rest. Do not eat or drink anything for at least 2 hours. As soon as the nausea stops, you can start drinking, but little by little. It is best to drink water, low-fat broth, sweet tea, or still soda and mineral water. Drink often, but in small portions and small sips. Drinks containing caffeine, dairy products, citrus fruits, alcoholic drinks, as well as taking (aspirin) and ibuprofen are not recommended. If vomiting does not last long and is not too strong, you can not give any medication. The vomiting should stop on its own within a few hours.

After 6-8 hours you can start eating. Choose light meals, best of all porridge on the water, low-fat soup, rice. Also eat small meals.

Avoid spicy and fried foods for 1-2 days.

Children with severe vomiting are advised to give a special solution once an hour to restore the amount of fluid in the body. Do not give your child very sweet, salty, or acidic drinks. You need to drink a small amount of liquid, in small sips. When the vomiting stops and the child has an appetite, offer him lean meats, yogurt, bananas, vegetables, rice, potatoes, bread, or any cereal. Usually in children, vomiting does not lead to long-term loss of appetite.

What can a doctor do

The doctor can determine the cause of vomiting and eliminate it, prescribe remedies, refer you to the hospital if necessary.

Preventive measures

If you are traveling with children in a car, place your child in the front seat so that he looks out the windshield (not the side). This will prevent motion sickness and nausea.

For severe coughs and high fevers, give children mild antipyretics. In children under 6 years of age, fever and cough often cause vomiting.

Large meals and drinks, especially sweets and carbonated drinks, along with games or sports activities in children very often cause vomiting. Don't let your child eat or drink a lot during snack times, limit sweets and fizzy drinks, and don't let them play or run immediately after meals.

Quite often, adults have a feeling of nausea, belching, and then vomiting. The reasons for this phenomenon are many and they are quite diverse. For example, vomiting can be a symptom of intoxication or cancer, or it can be caused by a strong emotional shock. In order not to miss the onset of the development of the disease, it is necessary to establish exactly what caused vomiting.

The reasons

Taking into account the causes of vomiting, it is divided into two types: visceral and toxic.

visceral vomiting occurs due to irritation of the soft palate, tongue, pancreas, gastric mucosa. Vomiting is dangerous, provoked by the development of oncological diseases of the stomach and intestines, since in this case the motor activity of the contents of the digestive tract is disturbed. Usually such vomiting occurs after eating, and bile and blood can be found in the vomit. With advanced and severe diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, vomit may exude an unpleasant odor and be black; after such vomiting, a feeling of relief does not occur.
toxic vomiting- this is the body's response to poisoning with heavy metals, acids, alkalis, ethyl alcohol. It happens that this type of vomiting is caused by severe somatic diseases: diseases of the cardiovascular system, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure. Sometimes, with toxic exposure, an adult experiences frequent bouts of vomiting, which are accompanied by severe pain. In the vomit, green mucus, foam, blood clots are observed. In this case, the person feels dizzy, headache, weakness. Body temperature can drop sharply or, on the contrary, rise.

Diseases that cause vomiting are divided into the following groups:

Diseases of the digestive system: peritonitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, gastroenteritis, gastritis.
Diseases of the nervous system: increased intracranial pressure, brain tumor, brain contusion, concussion, meningitis, encephalitis.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system: heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension.
Violation of the vestibular apparatus and diseases of the inner ear: Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis.
Endocrine disorders: insufficient functioning of the adrenal glands, phenylketonuria, thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease), diabetes mellitus, accompanied by ketoacidosis.
Vomiting of pregnant women: observed in the first trimester of pregnancy, and is a symptom of toxicosis, or occurs in the third trimester and indicates the development of preeclampsia.
Psychogenic causes: any strong emotion or nervous shock, bulimia, anorexia.
Other diseases: pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, cystitis, past abdominal surgery

In some cases, severe vomiting can be a side effect of taking medications: Theophylline, painkillers (anelgisers), estrogen, ferrous sulfate, potassium preparations. Motion sickness or motion sickness can also cause vomiting.

What to do

In case of severe vomiting, you should immediately call a doctor. In such a state, it is recommended to completely refuse food and regularly wash the stomach. It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate if you feel severe weakness and dizziness, there was a loss of consciousness.

Drink plenty of fluids between bouts of vomiting to prevent dehydration. Moreover, it should be consumed in small sips, little by little, but often. If you drink a lot of liquid at one time, this can provoke repeated vomiting. If even a small amount of liquid causes vomiting, you can prevent dehydration by putting a piece of ice in your mouth.

Doctors recommend drinking liquids containing electrolytes when vomiting, as this will help restore the balance of minerals and vitamins. Choose drinks that are high in potassium and sodium. It could be:

apple juice diluted with water;
weak black, green, ginger tea;
still mineral water;
low-fat broth;
tonic syrups and drinks, for example, syrup Emetrol;
electrolyte solution diluted from powder Regidron, Rex Vital, Normohydron, Electrolyte, Hydrovit.

Do not drink acidic drinks during vomiting, such as lemonade or orange juice. But a spoonful of honey added to tea will only increase its effect. Sucking on mints and chewing gum will help to suppress the feeling of nausea and the subsequent episode of vomiting.

After the attack stops, try eating some saltine crackers and watch your body react. If vomiting occurs again, it is better to refuse to eat food that day. If the digestive tract responded normally to food, you can eat in small portions.

Within a few days after vomiting, you must follow a diet. The diet should not contain salty, fried, fatty, smoked foods, excessively hot and cold foods. In cases where vomiting was accompanied by diarrhea, it is necessary to exclude dairy products, as they negatively affect the functioning of the digestive tract. Compliance with the regime of the day, regular ventilation of the room helps to quickly restore strength after vomiting.

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Vomiting is a protective physiological reaction of the body, it is not a disease in itself, but only indicates the development of pathology. Vomiting can be caused by various disorders in the body, including diseases of the digestive system, and poisoning, and head injuries, and even oncology, but in any case, vomiting after eating indicates a malfunction of the body.

ICD-10 code

R11 Nausea and vomiting

Epidemiology

Vomiting after eating is often caused by intoxication (poisoning with various substances, drugs, ethyl alcohol, etc.), the entry of toxins into the blood during various diseases (chronic renal or heart failure, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, acute infectious diseases).

Less often, vomiting appears after traumatic brain injury, stroke.

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Causes of vomiting after eating

The most common cause of vomiting that occurs after eating is diseases of the digestive system, in this case, in addition to vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weakness, etc. can be disturbing.

Vomiting after eating can occur with the development of peptic ulcer, cancerous tumors of the stomach or brain, disruption of the gallbladder, pancreas, head injuries (concussion, severe bruises, etc.), infectious diseases of the central nervous system (encephalitis, meningitis), food or alcohol poisoning, stress, strong psychological stress. In each case, vomiting is not the only symptom and is only a consequence of the development of any pathology.

Risk factors

Since vomiting after eating is a consequence of a malfunction in the body, risk factors include the causes that cause certain diseases.

Improper nutrition, stress can cause malfunctions in the digestive organs, alcohol abuse causes alcohol poisoning and, as a result, vomiting.

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Pathogenesis

Vomiting has three stages - nausea, gagging and vomiting.

Nausea often occurs before vomiting (but not always), at this stage there are strong discomfort in the stomach or throat, the tone of the muscles of the stomach decreases, and the activity of the muscles of the small intestine increases.

With the urge to vomit, the muscles of the diaphragm, respiration (when inhaling), the anterior wall of the peritoneum (when exhaling) actively contract.

Vomiting is a complex process in which involuntary reflexes occur. With vomiting, there is an active contraction of the muscles of the peritoneum, diaphragm, a decrease in the tone of the muscles of the fundus of the stomach, the valve of the esophagus opens and the contents from the stomach are pushed out through the esophagus into the oral cavity.

During vomiting, the airways are blocked to block the movement of vomit into the respiratory system.

There are two mechanisms of vomiting:

Transmission of impulses directly to the vomiting center (from the vestibular apparatus, gastrointestinal tract, bile ducts, coronary arteries, pharynx, hypothalamus, etc.).
Stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger region, which sends signals and activates the vomiting center (in this case, stimulation can be caused by drugs, low oxygen levels in the body, uremia, radiation therapy, gram-positive bacteria that produce toxins, etc.).

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Symptoms of vomiting after eating

Before vomiting, in most cases, nausea, strong salivation, rapid breathing, and weakness occur.

In some diseases, before vomiting and nausea, pain (headaches, in the stomach), upset stools (most often diarrhea), dizziness may disturb.

Nausea and vomiting after eating

Nausea and vomiting after eating can appear for various reasons, quite often, this condition occurs after eating poor-quality foods, drug overdose, high blood pressure, stress.

By the nature of the vomit, one can judge the cause that provoked it, for example, a yellow-green color, a bilious taste in the mouth can indicate food poisoning or an intestinal infection (in addition to vomiting, fever and diarrhea appear). Fever and diarrhea with vomiting can also be associated with inflammation of the appendix.

If you regularly experience nausea and vomiting after eating fatty, salty foods, smoked meats, you should contact a gastroenterologist and undergo the necessary examination, since in this case nausea can be a symptom of the development of a serious disease of the digestive organs.

Vomiting an hour after eating

Vomiting after eating an hour later can occur with some diseases.

Most often, this condition is observed in diseases of the digestive system (pancreatitis, cirrhosis, cholecystitis, etc.), in addition to vomiting, there may be anorexia, belching (sometimes with a specific smell), and bloating.

Temperature and vomiting after eating

Often, with a decrease in immunity, a combination of symptoms of various diseases is observed, for example, with iron deficiency anemia and high temperature, an excessive increase in blood pressure occurs, which causes vomiting.

But also vomiting after eating and fever can be symptoms of food poisoning, intestinal flu.

Food poisoning is caused by food or drink that has expired or has been stored in the wrong conditions. Poisoning manifests itself several hours after eating, the first symptoms are nausea, vomiting, fever, and fever. Another common symptom of food poisoning is diarrhea.

Intestinal flu or rotavirus infection is characterized by rapid development, the symptoms of the disease are fever, vomiting, diarrhea.

Vomiting immediately after eating

Nausea and vomiting after eating may be associated with overeating, in which case it is recommended to take enzyme preparations (Mezim, Festal, etc.).

Another cause of vomiting immediately after eating can be gastrointestinal diseases (ulcers, gastritis, etc.).

If nausea and vomiting appears after eating fried, fatty, smoked foods, the cause may be a malfunction of the liver or pancreas.

Hypertension can also provoke vomiting after eating, most often attacks are tormented in the morning.

Constant vomiting after eating

Feeling of nausea, constant vomiting after eating can be a symptom of the development of diseases of the digestive system, most often in the acute stage, most often this is associated with the development of gastritis, ulcers, pancreatitis, etc.

If such symptoms bother you after each meal, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible to avoid more serious consequences.

Sometimes, nausea or vomiting is associated with taking medications and is an adverse reaction of the body during treatment, in this case you should also contact your doctor and report this, perhaps he will decide to change the drug.

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Diarrhea and vomiting after eating

Diarrhea and vomiting after eating can occur as a result of the ingestion of toxic substances, pathogenic microorganisms, the development of a tumor or anomalies of the vestibular apparatus, as well as overeating, allergic reactions to food or drugs.

Intestinal infections occur due to the consumption of poor-quality food (expired products manufactured in violation of sanitary standards, etc.) or water from contaminated sources.

Diarrhea and vomiting, especially if these two symptoms appear at the same time, can be a great danger to a person's health, since dehydration is possible in this case.

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Belching with vomiting after eating

The main cause of belching is the involuntary entry of air into the stomach, which often happens during rapid chewing and swallowing, talking while eating, drinking carbonated drinks, etc.

Stomach problems can also cause burping. In some cases, in addition to belching, a number of other unpleasant symptoms occur - pain, bloating, diarrhea, vomiting.

Belching and vomiting after eating are often due to certain foods that the body does not accept. With age, there are often difficulties with the digestion of dairy products, such as kefir, cottage cheese, milk, which is associated with a decrease in the level of enzymes required for the processing of these products.

Strong coffee on an empty stomach, alcohol abuse, acidic foods, conservation (especially with high acidity), mushrooms can also cause nausea, belching, vomiting. Most often, unpleasant symptoms in this case are associated with individual food intolerance or enzyme deficiency.

Another cause of belching and vomiting after eating can be diseases of the digestive system: damage to the lower esophagus, inflammation of the gastric mucosa, impaired motor function, diseases of the pancreas, gallbladder, peptic ulcer.

Less often, belching with vomiting is observed in diseases that are not related to the digestive organs. For example, dizziness, nausea, belching, vomiting can be disturbing if the nervous system is damaged. Most often, these symptoms are associated with past infections, brain injuries.

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Heartburn and vomiting after eating

Heartburn is one of the most unpleasant sensations that can occur with various diseases. With complaints of heartburn and vomiting, doctors first of all suspect gastritis, but a comprehensive examination is required to identify the exact cause.

Heartburn and vomiting after eating most often appear with an esophageal ulcer, with this disease, an increase in unpleasant symptoms occurs in the “lying” position or when bending over.

With heartburn, a bursting feeling appears, a feeling of pressure in the epigastrium, nausea, pain, a bitter taste in the oral cavity, and increased gas formation is also often observed.

Heartburn usually appears after excessive consumption of food or if you take a “lying” position immediately after eating, most often this symptom appears in lovers of a snack “on the run”, with poor and fast chewing of food, when eating large quantities of sweet, fatty, spices.

Obesity, nicotine or alcohol addiction, stress, certain medications, tight clothing - these and other factors can cause heartburn and vomiting after eating. Often this condition worries women who are in position.

Heartburn, nausea in the morning, especially if the symptoms appear daily, may indicate inflammation of the gallbladder, gastritis, peptic ulcer, and problems with the vestibular apparatus.

As you can see, there are quite a lot of reasons for heartburn and vomiting after eating, and only a specialist will help determine the exact causes.

Vomiting bile after eating

Greenish-yellow vomit indicates that bile has entered the vomit.

Bile is a special fluid that is necessary for the normal process of digestion of food and promotes the absorption of fats. Normally, the contents of the stomach enter the small intestine, where it mixes with bile, the pyloric valve prevents the reverse movement of food, if for some reason the valve is open, then the contents of the small intestine return to the stomach and esophagus along with bile.

There are quite a few reasons for valve dysfunction, among them intestinal obstruction, bile reflux, alcohol poisoning, gastroenteritis, food poisoning, pyloric stenosis, the action of certain medications, diseases of the biliary tract or pancreas, circulatory disorders, diseases of the central nervous system, severe emotional upheavals.

Sometimes vomiting after eating with bile can also bother pregnant women.

To understand that vomit with bile is quite simple - vomiting acquires a characteristic bitter aftertaste, in this case it is better to refuse self-medication and contact a specialist who will help determine the exact cause of vomiting and prescribe treatment.

Vomiting after eating without fever

The occurrence of vomiting after eating, without other symptoms (fever, diarrhea, etc.) may indicate overeating. In such cases, experts recommend taking enzyme preparations, drinking sparkling water. Another cause of vomiting can be food - fatty, fried, smoked meats, especially in large quantities, in which case there may be disturbances in the pancreas or liver.

Also, vomiting after eating can be associated with the development of gastrointestinal diseases - peptic ulcer, gastritis, pancreatitis, etc.

People suffering from high blood pressure often experience bouts of vomiting after eating, usually an unpleasant condition worries in the morning. For treatment, specialists may prescribe drugs to normalize blood pressure.

If vomiting does not go away for more than a day, you should seek medical help. At the time of treatment, it is necessary to give up smoking, coffee, strong tea, hot dishes, juices. It is recommended in this state to drink mineral water without gas.

If vomiting occurs in a child, even if there are no other symptoms, it is better to immediately consult a doctor and find out what caused this condition.

It is worth noting that even in this state you should eat, it is best to give preference to light dishes that do not overload the digestive system - cereals on the water, low-fat chicken broth.

Vomiting blood after eating

Vomiting with bright red impurities indicates bleeding in the esophagus, the dark color of the vomit gives a change in blood under the action of digestive juices and indicates prolonged bleeding.

There are many reasons for vomiting blood:

damage to the lining of the stomach, esophagus
varicose veins of the walls of the stomach (bright red blood in the vomit indicates fresh bleeding, which most often closes quickly, dark vomit is a sign of slow and prolonged bleeding and possible serious consequences)
peptic ulcer in advanced stage
cirrhosis of the liver
acute gastritis
internal bleeding (vomit has impurities of black blood clots).

In children, vomiting of blood can also occur after nosebleeds - children can swallow blood, which provokes vomiting. In pregnant women, a similar condition can be observed with late toxicosis, in addition to blood in the vomit, a woman is worried about weakness, swelling, and high blood pressure.

Vomiting after eating with blood in any case requires urgent medical advice; if blood (dark, bright red, clots, etc.) is detected in the vomit, you should immediately consult a doctor to prevent possible complications.

Vomiting mucus after eating

Vomiting after eating with mucus occurs most often with poisoning. The reaction of the body to low-quality products, pathogenic bacteria or toxic substances develops rapidly. Mucus in the vomit appears due to the fact that the contents of the duodenum, due to the multiplication of harmful bacteria and the release of toxins, enter the stomach, the mucosa of which is unable to cope with caustic digestive juices, in some cases, in addition to mucus, foam or blood appears.

Vomiting with mucus occurs when alkalis, acids enter the stomach, with viral infections, influenza, and erosive processes. Also, mucus can appear with gastritis, which has taken a severe or chronic form, in this case, vomiting occurs when the diet is violated or stressful conditions. If a person is subject to constant negative emotions, a spasm of the gallbladder is possible, as a result of which bile does not enter the duodenum and the process of digestion of food is disturbed - poorly digested food residues begin to rot in the intestines. After the spasm passes, the accumulated bile is poured into the intestines, the acids of which burn the valve between the stomach and intestines, and food debris enters the stomach - in this case, greenish vomit with mucus.

If vomiting with mucus bothers only in the morning, this may indicate chronic bronchitis or alcohol intoxication. With bronchitis, mucus accumulates in the bronchi overnight, in the morning coughing attacks can provoke vomiting, as a result, mucus enters the vomit.

If mucus appears during vomiting, you should seek medical help to find out the exact causes of the pathology and begin treatment.

During bouts of vomiting, it is absolutely impossible to restrain, after emptying the stomach, you need to go to bed and drink more fluids - mineral water without gas, saline solutions, sweet black tea to prevent dehydration. With frequent bouts of vomiting, you can take antiemetic drugs (cerucal), but it is worth noting that with the help of vomiting the body gets rid of harmful toxins, so it is best to immediately consult a doctor.

Dizziness and vomiting after eating

Doctors identify about a hundred causes of dizziness, nausea and vomiting that appear after meals, most of which do not pose a threat to health, for example, motion sickness (sickness in transport), physical exhaustion.

Dizziness can occur after severe injuries, during migraine attacks, epilepsy, circulatory disorders, tumors, during Meniere's disease (damage to the inner ear), diseases of the vestibular apparatus. Vomiting after eating and dizziness are a symptom of various diseases or disorders, and therefore the diagnosis is difficult. When such symptoms appear, self-medication is unacceptable.

Consider some of the causes that can cause vomiting and dizziness:

Meniere's disease - the causes of the pathology are not well understood, according to some versions, the disease is caused by injuries or infections. With the development of the disease, prolonged bouts of dizziness (up to several hours), nausea, vomiting, and hearing impairment are observed. After 10-14 days, the symptoms of the disease disappear, but after a while they reappear.
vestibular neuritis - causes dizziness (usually occurs spontaneously), vomiting, panic attacks, imbalance, tilting of the head provokes an increase in symptoms, in some cases, congestion in the ears appears. The disease develops after respiratory diseases, but the exact causes have not yet been established.
migraine - in addition to a severe headache, migraine attacks can provoke nausea and vomiting, imbalance, dizziness, fear of light. The disease is caused by a violation of the process of blood supply in the brain, especially the areas responsible for the functioning of the vestibular apparatus.
hormonal changes - most often observed in women, as they are subject to hormonal changes during pregnancy, menopause, and also before each menstruation. Especially the level of hormones affects the state of iron deficiency in the body - low hemoglobin causes oxygen starvation of the brain, as a result of which dizziness occurs. During menopause, jumps in blood pressure occur, and nervous excitability increases. During pregnancy, dizziness and vomiting (especially in the first months of pregnancy) are also caused by hormonal changes in the body, another reason for this condition may be low blood glucose and low blood pressure.

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Cough and vomiting after eating

Coughing and vomiting are quite rare, but such symptoms immediately cause great concern, both in the patient himself and in relatives. Experts note that some diseases of the upper respiratory tract can lead to this condition.

Most often, coughing and vomiting after eating can disturb bronchitis, and also occur as a complication of pneumonia. It is worth noting that such symptoms are common in a child and usually occur with a cold, but in any case, if such a symptom appears, you should immediately seek medical help and establish the true cause of coughing and vomiting.

Severe attacks of coughing to vomiting are associated with irritation of receptors on the mucous membrane of the throat, this condition can occur with tracheitis, laryngitis, whooping cough, bronchitis, SARS, runny nose, with prolonged smoking, ingestion of a foreign object in the respiratory tract.

Cough with vomiting against the background of a runny nose is especially often observed in newborns, since children of this age are not yet able to blow their nose normally and the mucus accumulated in the nose flows down the nasopharynx, irritates the mucous membrane and causes a coughing fit, reaching vomiting.

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Artificial vomiting after eating

Vomiting, as already mentioned, is a protective reaction of the body to bacteria, toxins, harmful substances that enter the digestive tract. But sometimes a person himself provokes vomiting, in this case they say that the vomiting is artificial.

In some cases, artificial vomiting after eating will help save lives, for example, with food poisoning, the faster the poison is removed from the body, the less harm it will have time to cause.

But sometimes people deliberately induce vomiting after eating, most often they do it in order not to get better. This “recipe” for slimness is especially popular among girls who want to keep their perfect figure and not torture themselves with strict diets. It is worth noting that this method of losing weight is quite effective, since after eating the brain receives a signal of satiety, but after vomiting, food that has not had time to digest leaves the stomach, and calories go with it.

But this method poses a serious danger to human health - with regular emptying of the stomach after eating, this becomes a habit in the body, and in the future, even small portions of food provoke a gag reflex, as a result, bulimia develops (a neuropsychiatric disorder that expresses an incessant feeling of hunger, weakness ).

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Lose weight with vomiting after eating

Most girls believe that losing weight quickly without much effort is ideal, so among the fair sex, such a method as losing weight by vomiting after eating has become popular.

First of all, this method earned its popularity due to its ease, i.e. girls do not need to torture themselves with strict diets, go in for sports, etc., it is enough just to induce vomiting after eating and unnecessary calories will leave the body themselves, and as a result, a slim figure is easy.

But "vomiting weight loss" is extremely dangerous for health and causes not only physiological, but psychological disorders.

The desire to lose weight often brings girls to the point that they do not understand where harmony is, and where there is already painful exhaustion. The first danger sign is an increase in portions, uncontrolled consumption of sweet or fatty foods, a constant feeling of hunger - all this precedes the development of a severe neuropsychiatric disorder.

With bulimia, attacks of severe hunger occur, in which a person does not control the amount of food eaten, but after eating food, a gag reflex occurs. Such a vicious circle is due to the fact that the muscles of the stomach can contract, and with regular vomiting after eating, the walls of the stomach become weak, stretched, resulting in a constant strong feeling of hunger. As a result, the girl becomes like a skeleton, covered with skin, with dull and brittle hair, flabby skin, crumbling teeth. Also, the result of regular vomiting is gastritis, the digestion process is disturbed, bad breath appears.

But often, even such a transformation does not stop the girls, since vomiting after eating becomes uncontrollable and even the smell or type of food can provoke a gag reflex, which is associated with weakness of the stomach muscles.

At this stage of the disease, loss of appetite can begin and anorexia develops, complete physical exhaustion, failure of internal organs, cessation of the menstrual cycle, depressive disorders, often without the help of relatives and doctors, the case ends in death.

It is worth noting that even in such cases, girls refuse help, and the recovery process takes months and even years, often, because of their desire to be slim, girls struggle with the consequences of the disease for the rest of their lives.

Vomiting after eating in a child

Often, young mothers are faced with such a frightening symptom as vomiting after eating a baby. This condition is especially worrisome if no other symptoms are observed - temperature, abdominal pain, weakness, etc.

There are many reasons why a child vomits immediately or some time after eating, and parents should know the main ones in order to help their baby in a timely manner.

Natural vomiting can be associated with ordinary overeating, after force-feeding, eating very fatty foods. As a rule, in these cases, vomiting is single, after emptying the stomach, the child looks healthy, the general condition does not worsen.

In newborns, vomiting after feeding is associated with air entering the stomach - regurgitation helps not only to remove air bubbles, but also to improve the digestion process, as well as reduce colic. Normally, regurgitation should be in small quantities, but if the amount of vomit is too large, the child vomits with a “fountain”, then this may indicate stomach problems, in which case you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Also, the causes of vomiting can be various diseases:

chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
rotavirus, intestinal infection (in addition to vomiting, there is a deterioration in well-being and high fever).
respiratory diseases (colds, bronchitis, etc.).
brain tumors (the child is also disturbed by severe headaches).
meningitis, encephalitis (after vomiting, the child does not feel better).
acute appendicitis.
food poisoning (expired, spoiled food, etc.).
allergy.

If vomiting occurs in a child, you should immediately seek medical help, since it is almost impossible to find out the causes of this condition on your own - the same symptoms can be associated with a variety of diseases that cannot be diagnosed without laboratory tests and examination by a specialist.

Complications and consequences

Vomiting is a protective process of the body, with the help of which harmful substances are removed from the stomach. With frequent vomiting, the body rapidly loses moisture, which leads to dehydration, a violation of the water-salt balance and other dangerous consequences.

Dehydration is extremely dangerous for the body, since the loss of water leads to irreversible consequences in all organs and systems, including the brain.

The composition of gastric juice contains microelements and minerals important for the body, without which the work of all organs and systems is disrupted. Vomiting after eating has the most severe consequences for the body in case of food poisoning, toxic infections. But even from time to time, vomiting associated with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can lead to a violation of the bacterial composition in the intestine, a lack of vitamins and minerals, a decrease in hemoglobin, a violation of the blood coagulation process, a weakening of the body's defenses - all these conditions are associated with a violation of the synthesis of biologically active substances in the stomach.

Diagnosis of vomiting after eating

When determining the causes of vomiting, the specialist must definitely find out the patient's history: whether nausea precedes vomiting, vomiting occurs immediately after eating or after some time, what diseases have been transferred, what medications have been taken recently, how often and in what quantities alcohol is consumed in a woman the menstrual cycle is found out (maybe the cause of vomiting is pregnancy).

On examination, the doctor will identify some signs that can help in making a diagnosis:

general condition, fever, sudden weight loss, yellowness of the skin;
examination of the abdomen (identification of painful areas, palpable formations in the abdominal cavity);
listening to the abdomen (helps to identify violations in the work of organs);
determining the size of the liver by palpation;
detection of diseases of the nervous system.

Analyzes

Vomiting after eating can be associated with a variety of diseases, so it is important for a specialist to determine whether the patient should be urgently hospitalized for emergency care.

Depending on the clinical manifestations, blood tests (blood glucose, serum CRP), urine tests may be prescribed.

If vomiting continues for a long time, a complete blood count, an analysis to detect the level of creatinine, sodium, potassium, digoxin, etc. is also prescribed. in blood serum.

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Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental diagnostics is assigned to confirm the preliminary diagnosis.

If a specialist suspects intestinal obstruction, an x-ray of the abdominal organs is prescribed, with prolonged vomiting, fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (visual diagnosis of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine using an endoscope), ultrasound of the abdominal organs, neurological examination, psychiatric consultation (if disorders are suspected) is required to identify the causes of the disorder. related to nutrition - bulimia, anorexia).

Differential Diagnosis

When making a diagnosis, it is important to distinguish vomiting from regurgitation.

Regurgitation is the expulsion of food from the stomach without nausea preceding this feeling, and there is also no contraction of the abdominal obstruction.

Regurgitation occurs with stenosis or diverticulosis of the esophagus, heartburn, spasms and stenosis (narrowing) of the gastric valve, atony of the stomach (weakening or absence of contractions).

In infants and children of primary school age, adults with intellectual disabilities, with bulimia nervosa, mericism occurs - involuntary burping and chewing of food.

In the differential diagnosis, the doctor must find out when vomiting occurs:

directly during meals or immediately after it is typical for peptic ulcer, it can also be associated with neurosis
a few hours after eating and the presence of undigested food in the vomit occurs with stenosis of the gastric valve, weakening of the muscles of the stomach, some diseases of the esophagus (diverticulosis, achalasia)
vomiting after eating in women in the morning can be associated with pregnancy, also morning vomiting can be a symptom of kidney failure, alcoholic gastritis
severe vomiting attacks without nausea may indicate neurological diseases.
Among other things, it is important to identify other symptoms that accompany vomiting:
tinnitus, dizziness appear with an increase in the level of endolithm in the inner ear (Ménière's disease)
prolonged vomiting without weight loss may be associated with psychogenic factors
reduction of pain in the abdomen after emptying the stomach - a clear sign of an ulcer

When making a diagnosis, the consistency, smell, and composition of the vomit are also taken into account:

an increased level of gastric juice is characteristic of ulcerative stenosis, valve spasms, while the absence of gastric juice indicates the growth of a cancerous tumor in the stomach
the smell of rot or feces is associated with the growth of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, which occurs with intestinal obstruction, inflammatory processes in the peritoneum, ulcer complications
bile in vomit almost always appears with severe vomiting, usually this fact is not of particular importance for diagnosis, but with excessive bile, intestinal obstruction should be excluded
blood in the vomit appears when bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine.

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Treatment of vomiting after eating

Vomiting after eating is not normal, nausea, discomfort, abdominal pain, fever - all this should be a reason to seek medical help.

Consultation with a specialist is required even when there are no other symptoms besides vomiting, and especially if vomiting bothers you from time to time.

If the cause of vomiting is any disease (gastritis, ulcer), then vomiting is accompanied by pain in the abdomen (in the upper part), nausea - especially after eating fatty, starchy, fried foods. With these diseases, first of all, it is necessary to adhere to a special diet, and with timely detection of the disease, treatment usually has favorable prognosis.

If the cause of vomiting is an attack of appendicitis, then an ambulance should be called, and no painkillers should be taken, as this may complicate diagnosis and affect the results of treatment - in most cases, the patient requires urgent surgery.

If vomiting is associated with poisoning with poor-quality products or any substances, you need to cleanse your stomach well (this will help reduce the amount of toxins in the body and alleviate the condition), in this case you can even induce artificial vomiting, after that you need to drink more water, take absorbent drugs ( activated charcoal, Enterosgel), if the condition worsens, you should consult a doctor.

If a child is poisoned, you should immediately consult a doctor, since the child's body reacts differently to the action of toxins and serious consequences are possible.

High blood pressure, the main symptom of which is nausea and vomiting after eating, should be treated only under the supervision of a specialist.

With migraines, Sumatriptan, Metaproclamide will help get rid of the feeling of nausea and vomiting, chocolate, wine, fish, hard cheeses should be excluded from the diet.

Medicines (indicate 4-5 medicines, their dosage, method of administration, precautions, side effects)

The effectiveness of antiemetic drugs depends on the cause that provoked vomiting, as well as individual characteristics.

Means from this group are prescribed in critical situations to stop vomiting and alleviate the patient's condition.

In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, Itomed will help to cope with a severe symptom, which enhances gastrointestinal motility, suppresses feelings of nausea and vomiting. The drug is prescribed for epigastric discomfort, stomach diseases, autonomic neurosis, anorexia, heartburn, etc. The drug is available in the form of tablets, which are prescribed before meals, 1 tablet 3 times a day, take no more than 150 mg per day, in old age it is necessary dosage adjustment. Itomed should be taken at regular intervals, if you skip a pill, you should not take 2 pills at once.

Against the background of treatment, a decrease in concentration, tremor, irritability, dizziness is possible, therefore, for the duration of treatment, you should refuse to drive a car and other means that require increased attention.

Usually the drug is well tolerated, but sometimes constipation, diarrhea, headaches, increased salivation, allergic reactions, changes in blood composition, and sleep disturbances are possible.

With chemotherapy or radiation therapy and after surgery, Kytril may be prescribed to reduce the feeling of nausea and vomiting after eating.

It is contraindicated in lactation, susceptibility to any component of the drug, it is prescribed with caution to pregnant women and with intestinal obstruction.

Kytril is well tolerated in most cases, in rare cases there is increased sensitivity (anaphylactic shock), abdominal pain, increased gas formation, diarrhea, heartburn, headaches, sleep disturbance, weakness, dizziness, increased anxiety, allergic reactions, arrhythmia.

Kitril tablets are taken 2 times a day, 1 mg each, the doctor may also prescribe 2 mg once a day, the course of treatment is 7 days, the first tablet is taken 1 hour before the start of chemotherapy.

Motinorm syrup is prescribed for dyspeptic symptoms (heartburn, bloating, belching, flatulence, etc.). The drug effectively copes with the feeling of nausea and vomiting caused by infection, radiotherapy, taking certain medications, and diet violations.

Motinorm is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, children under 1 year of age, with bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Against the background of the reception, an increase in excitability, headaches, spasms of the digestive tract, dry mouth, and allergic reactions are possible.

Syrup is taken 15-20 minutes before meals, usually with nausea and vomiting, 20 ml is prescribed 3 times a day. Children weighing less than 35 kilograms require a dose adjustment - 5 ml of syrup per 10 kg of body weight.

The most common antiemetic is Cerucal, which normalizes the digestive tract. The drug is available in the form of tablets and injections.

It is prescribed for nausea and vomiting, regardless of the cause, including a reaction to drugs, a decrease in the tone of the stomach or intestines, heartburn, inflammation of the esophagus, motion sickness, during the examination of the gastrointestinal tract,

In tablets, 1 tablet is prescribed 3 times a day (for adults and children over 14 years old), the course of treatment is 4-5 weeks. It is recommended to take the tablets with a small amount of water.

In the form of injections, it is prescribed for children over the age of 2 years from 0.1 to 0.5 mg per kg of body weight. The drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly, dilution with 5% glucose solution is allowed.

Cerucal treatment is contraindicated for children under 2 years of age, with bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, epilepsy, intestinal obstruction, and also with susceptibility to the components. During treatment, irritability, constipation, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness, and a sense of fear may occur. In childhood, dyskinetic syndrome is possible, in the elderly - symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

vitamins

After vomiting, the body rapidly loses vitamins and trace elements, so during the recovery period it is extremely important to provide additional intake of important substances that will help increase resistance and speed up the process of digestion normalization.

Vomiting after eating usually leads to a loss of vitamins B, A and C, which can be replenished with special preparations, as well as some foods.

Vitamin A is found in vegetables and fruits of green, red and yellow color, vitamin B - in the liver, nuts, eggs, milk, fish, vitamin C - in citrus fruits, rosehips, strawberries, viburnum, green bell peppers.

Among the vitamin complexes, Undevit can be distinguished, which includes the necessary vitamins to restore the body after vomiting.

Physiotherapy treatment

Physiotherapy treatment for vomiting is aimed at reducing unpleasant symptoms and restoring the body after an illness. Depending on the cause that provoked vomiting, the doctor can choose the appropriate method of physiotherapy - drug electrophoresis, inductothermy, electrosleep therapy, the course of treatment depends on the severity of the patient's condition (an average of 10-15 sessions).

Medicinal electrophoresis acts in a complex way and allows you to simultaneously influence the body with a constant electric current and introduce useful substances with it.

Inductothermy - the method is based on the use of high frequency magnetic fields (up to 40 MHz).

Electrosleep is the effect of a weak impulsive current on the patient's brain, which causes sleep (on average, about 30-40 minutes).

This method of physiotherapy helps to reduce the feeling of nausea, vomiting, salivation (one of the symptoms of nausea and vomiting). Also, this treatment is sparing and has practically no contraindications.

Alternative treatment

Folk remedies in some cases quite effectively help to cope with the feeling of nausea and vomiting that occurs after riding. In this case, the recipe should be chosen depending on the cause of this condition.

If vomiting is caused by stressful conditions, motion sickness, taking medications, mint candies or mint water can help (15 drops of mint tincture per glass of water).

Pregnant women suffering from toxicosis can get rid of nausea and vomiting with fresh potato juice (1 tsp before meals), ginger root (add a small amount of root grated on a fine grater to drinks or food), green tea.

In case of poisoning with poisonous vapors, peppermint will help - 1.5 tbsp. dry herbs, pour boiling water (200 ml), leave for 2-3 hours and take 1 tsp. 3-4 times a day.

In case of indigestion, dill seed will help - 2 tsp. seeds pour boiling water (400 ml), simmer over low heat for several minutes and strain, drink 1 tsp. several times a day.

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Herbal treatment

Among the medicinal herbs, there are several that help prevent vomiting after eating:

melissa - 2 tbsp. l. brew chopped herbs with boiling water (200 ml) and let it brew for 2.5-3 hours, if you feel nausea, drink 100 ml of infusion (you can drink about 500 ml of infusion per day)
three-leaf watch - 3 tbsp. herbs pour 1 liter of cooled boiled water, leave for 24 hours and take 2-3 tbsp. This plant has medicinal properties and helps to get rid of the constant feeling of nausea and vomiting.
basil - 1 tbsp. l. brew herbs with hot water (200 ml), leave for 15-20 minutes, drink like tea, but not more than 2 glasses a day, add honey if desired. Basil helps to get rid of the feeling of nausea, bloating, normalize appetite in case of neuroses, nervous strains.

Homeopathy

Vomiting after eating and a feeling of nausea are often treated with homeopathic remedies:

Antimonium krudum (trisulphuric antimony) is used for various disorders (hot flashes to the face, inflammation of the mucous membrane, including inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, migraines, gastritis, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, bloating).

Contraindications to taking this drug are pregnancy and lactation, thyroid disease, childhood, severe liver dysfunction, sulfur allergies.

Antimonium krudum can provoke allergic reactions, febrile conditions, with prolonged use it accumulates in the thyroid gland and suppresses its work.

The dosage is prescribed by the doctor, depending on the condition and symptoms, usually 3 to 12 divisions are used.

Nux vomica-Homacord - is a combined homeopathic remedy that is prescribed for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, inflammatory processes in the digestive system, gastritis, dysbacteriosis, cholecystitis, etc. Also, the drug has proven itself well for the treatment of chronic intoxication with nicotine, alcohol or drugs.
It is prescribed for adults at 30 drops per day, the dosage must be divided into 3 doses (10 drops per 100 ml of water or 1 tsp under the tongue). The drug can provoke allergic reactions.
Tobacco or ordinary tobacco is most often prescribed to pregnant women during toxicosis, with motion sickness, severe headaches, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The dosage is selected by the doctor individually, taking into account the age, condition of the patient, the cause of the disease, the dilution varies quite widely - from 1/10 to 6/100.
Creosotum is prescribed for vomiting caused by tumors. Do not take this product to pregnant women, lactating children and people allergic to creosote. After taking, it is possible to increase the sensitivity of the skin to light (photosensitivity), after contact with the skin, spots, wart growths, pigmentation may appear.

It is prescribed in a diluted form, the dosage is individual, depending on the severity of the patient's condition.

Surgical treatment

Vomiting after eating is not the main disease, but only a symptom of some disorder in the body. Surgical treatment is prescribed in case of diseases of the digestive system, cancerous tumors.

With peptic ulcer, a doctor needs surgery in 50% of cases, as a rule, this method is chosen if drug therapy does not give a positive effect.

The doctor chooses the type of surgery, it can be resection (removal of an ulcer with part of the stomach), vagotomy (cutting the nerve endings that are responsible for the production of gastrin), endoscopy (surgery through punctures in the abdominal cavity using special equipment). The same types of surgical treatment can be chosen for other disorders in the digestive organs - pancreatitis, diseases of the biliary tract, etc.

With the development of cancerous tumors, an operation is prescribed to remove the malignant formation, followed by the appointment of chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

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Vomiting is nothing more than a reaction of the body to the intake of harmful substances or toxins.. So the stomach tries to cleanse itself in order to prevent the absorption of poisons into the bloodstream and further poisoning of the whole organism. And although vomiting can be considered a natural process, this condition very quickly leads to dehydration and disruption of many organs and systems. To prevent this, you need to know how to stop vomiting at home.

Causes of vomiting in adults

Nausea and vomiting in adults can be the result of food poisoning, alcohol intoxication, drug overdose, and inhalation of toxic substances. In addition, vomiting may be a combination of symptoms in infectious diseases of the digestive tract and with weakness of the vestibular apparatus.

In case of poisoning with low-quality food products, vomiting occurs a short time after eating. Although in some cases the first symptoms of poisoning appear only after a day.

If an overdose of drugs has occurred, then vomiting may occur after half an hour or an hour. It all depends on how quickly the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream.

With individual intolerance to alcohol or excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, vomiting can occur immediately after the product enters the stomach. This is due to the toxicity of ethanol in relation to the cells of the body.

If a person inhales the vapors of toxic substances, then first there is severe dizziness, which may be accompanied by hallucinations and nausea. Gagging may appear a little later, when the concentration of the toxic substance in the blood reaches the limit.

The appearance of a gag reflex is a protective mechanism of the body, with the help of which it tries to cleanse itself of toxic substances. If vomiting is not permanent and does not exhaust the person too much, then it should not be stopped immediately. Due to this unpleasant process, the body will be cleansed, and recovery will come faster.

First aid for vomiting

Many people are interested in the question - what can be done to stop vomiting? Some people, when observing such symptoms in themselves or relatives, begin to panic. In fact, everything is not so sad, and this phenomenon can be quickly stopped. It all depends on what causes vomiting.

Food poisoning

To quickly stop nausea and vomiting in case of poisoning with low-quality food, a number of measures must be taken:

Thoroughly flush the stomach with plenty of water. This procedure will help cleanse the digestive tract of food debris that provoked poisoning. Washing is best done with a weak solution of sodium chloride or a slightly pinkish solution of potassium permanganate. The procedure is repeated until the waste water is absolutely clean.
If vomiting does not stop after gastric lavage, then adsorbents are mandatory. They attract toxic substances and bacteria to themselves, and then gently remove them from the body.
The patient is provided with a good drinking regimen to replace fluid lost during vomiting. You can give strong tea, a decoction of wild rose or chamomile. Tea with mint and lemon balm also helps well, it is able to calm the stomach after vomiting.

If it was not possible to stop vomiting with the help of such methods, it is necessary to consult a doctor who can prescribe treatment.

Drug overdose

If a person has taken too much medication and is vomiting, then you should immediately call an ambulance. Some drugs can lead to irreversible effects in a short period of time. Before the arrival of a team of doctors, the victim is washed with a stomach and given a lot to drink.

The packaging of the drug that caused the poisoning must be shown to the doctor. This will speed up the diagnosis and help to quickly prescribe the right treatment.

In case of drug overdose in pregnant women and the elderly, it is not recommended to wash the stomach at home. This can lead to rapid dehydration. Such patients are allowed to drink in fractional portions until the doctor arrives.

Infectious diseases of the stomach

If vomiting is provoked by an intestinal infection, then they immediately resort to washing the stomach and intestines.. This allows you to remove the maximum number of pathogenic microorganisms. To prevent dehydration, the patient is given a lot and often to drink, a rehydron solution is well suited for this. This drug quickly restores the electrolyte balance in the body. In order not to provoke repeated attacks, the medicine should be given in small portions, but very often.

If vomiting does not stop even after gastric lavage, you can take an antiemetic. Cerucal or motilium is suitable for this, these medicines are taken in accordance with the instructions.

It is advisable not to take pills for nausea and vomiting at the first urge. If you stop the unpleasant process immediately, then most of the bacteria will remain in the body and recovery will be delayed.

poisonous fumes poisoning

If a person has inhaled gas or toxic fumes of chemicals, then to begin with, it must be taken to fresh air and freed from tight clothing. Usually these actions are enough to prevent vomiting. In the event that unpleasant urges arise, you can give the victim a cup of sweet tea or coffee to drink. After gas poisoning, the patient must be supervised all the time, as he may lose consciousness and choke on vomit.

Vomiting on motion sickness

Many people, especially children, get sick in transport. This is due to a weak vestibular apparatus. It is impossible to recover from such a feature of the body, but you can slightly alleviate the condition of a person who is prone to motion sickness. To relieve nausea and prevent vomiting, the following measures will help:

mint or eucalyptus caramel, which is held on the cheek during the trip;
a tablet of validol, which is slowly absorbed under the tongue;
Fruit caramel on a stick;
a slice of lemon along with the peel behind the cheek.

An adult or child in transport needs to be provided with a comfortable position. Usually, nausea stops after a person takes a horizontal position or at least puts his head down.

How to stop vomiting quickly

To quickly stop vomiting at home, a number of conditions must be met:

Put the patient to bed, cover with a blanket and ensure complete rest.
Do not offer food to a person, but give a drink in large volumes, but in very small doses.
After each bout of vomiting, wash the patient with cold water and let the mouth rinse, ideally the teeth can be cleaned with mint paste.
When the attacks become rare, you can begin to solder the victim more actively. Compotes, decoctions and fruit drinks are suitable for this.

If severe vomiting does not stop during the day, it is necessary to show the patient to the doctor..

It is important to remember that indomitable vomiting can be a symptom of such a dangerous disease as appendicitis. In this case, in addition to vomiting, there is severe pain on the right side of the abdomen and high fever. This disease can only be treated surgically.

In what cases you need to quickly call a doctor

There are several cases in which a person needs to be urgently taken to the hospital on their own or call a team of doctors. These include:

There is a significant admixture of scarlet blood in the vomit.
Vomiting produces copious amounts of bile.
The patient's body temperature rises above 39 degrees in a short period.
The person is in an unconscious state.
There is fresh or digested blood in the stool.
Convulsions began.

A doctor is also needed in case of drug poisoning. Some drugs inhibit cardiac activity, so they can cause collapse in a short time.

When not to artificially induce vomiting

First aid often requires gastric lavage and induction of artificial vomiting. This procedure removes the bulk of harmful substances from the body and prevents their absorption into the bloodstream. Not all people know that it is impossible to provoke vomiting in a number of conditions, this will lead to even greater intoxication and damage. It is forbidden to induce vomiting in such cases:

during pregnancy in women at all stages;
when a person is unconscious;
if poisoning occurred with chemical burning substances.

Folk recipes for vomiting

You can stop even severe vomiting thanks to traditional medicine recipes. At home, tea with lemon and honey will help against indomitable vomiting.. Tea can be used both black and green. The last drink has a more invigorating and tonic effect.

You can also stop vomiting with peppermint tincture. It is especially good for pregnant women. This plant is completely harmless for both the woman and the unborn child. It is allowed to use this medicinal herb in the treatment of children.

You can dissolve a piece of ginger for nausea and vomiting. In addition, the spice can be grated, pour boiled water and add a spoonful of honey. Such a delicious drink effectively soothes the stomach and relieves spasm.

You can take with persistent vomiting a tablespoon of potato juice. This simple remedy almost instantly stops vomiting and improves well-being.

Another effective way to quickly get rid of nausea and vomiting is ammonia. Cotton wool or a napkin is moistened with this agent and allowed to be smelled by the patient. Moreover, a window should be open in the room so that the inhalation of ammonia is alternated with the inhalation of fresh air.

If an adult has nausea and vomiting, then do not panic. Adults tolerate this unpleasant condition more easily than children, and complications are less common. First you need to determine the cause of nausea, and then provide first aid. To do this, you need to know how to stop vomiting in an adult. If vomiting occurs after emergency care and treatment at home, then this is a reason to see a doctor.

From the article you will learn what can be causes of nausea and vomiting, possible means of relief. These two sensations are, in fact, closely related and may depend on both pathological and non-pathological causes.

What is nausea: mechanisms and sources

Nausea is the subjective feeling of impending vomiting. It is felt mainly in the epigastric region, that is, in the abdomen.

It may present as a slight sensation, that is, it warns you of possible vomiting, but this does not occur, or it may be a symptom followed by an act of vomiting, in which case accompanied by muscle spasms in the respiratory area.

When Nausea Occurs

You cannot determine the exact time at which nausea and vomiting will occur However, there are conditions and even reasons that predispose to the appearance of these disorders.

The main ones are:

In the morning: Morning sickness is common during pregnancy, or can occur if you quickly get out of bed and do not give the body time to regulate blood pressure.
Before eating: Nausea may be associated with hunger. If we fast for too long, we may experience nausea along with stomach cramps caused by hunger.
After meal: This is the classic nausea that occurs when we eat too much or suffer from gastrointestinal disorders.
At night: Night sickness can be caused by pregnancy or body position during sleep, in the second case it can be a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux.

Pathological causes of nausea

Nausea is one of the most common non-specific symptoms. For many diseases can cause nausea and even vomiting.

In general, the following conditions can be distinguished, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting:

stomach problems: Nausea can be one of the symptoms of stomach diseases such as ulcers, gastritis and herbs. In this case, the sensation of vomiting often appears on an empty stomach or when you are in a prone position.
Intestinal disorders: Bowel problems can also cause nausea, including irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis, which, in addition to nausea and vomiting, are manifested by diarrhea or constipation, bad breath and flatulence.
Gallbladder problems: inflammation of the gallbladder and cholelithiasis can cause a feeling of nausea, which is accompanied by pain in the epigastric region, mainly after eating or after eating a meal with a high fat content.
Heart diseases: cardiac decompensation or myocardial infarction may have subsequent symptoms of nausea, accompanied by tachycardia, palpitations, sweating and dizziness.
labyrinthitis: inflammation at the level of the labyrinth of the ear changes the subject's perception of balance, which can manifest itself in such disorders as nausea, vomiting and dizziness, very strong.
Liver disease: Serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis or tumors can lead to nausea associated with jaundice, persistent fatigue and lack of appetite.
Thyroid problems: Diseases that affect the thyroid gland, such as hyperthyroidism, may also present with nausea and vomiting associated with diarrhea, anxiety, and weakness.
Cervical disorders: those who suffer from diseases at the level of the cervical vertebrae, arthrosis or pinching of the vertebrae of the neck, may experience a feeling of nausea associated with severe dizziness.

Non-pathological causes of nausea and vomiting

Non-disease causes of nausea are more numerous and may be related to certain conditions or activities that occur during the day.

Among the non-pathological causes we have:

Pregnancy: Postpartum nausea is a common condition in women. As a rule, it appears at the beginning of pregnancy and lasts throughout the first trimester, although it often persists throughout the entire pregnancy. Nausea during pregnancy is associated with changes in the level of hormones that occur in a woman, and, first of all, it is the appearance of human chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone of pregnancy, which leads to the appearance of nausea.
Menstrual cycle: Nausea can also occur at various times in a woman's menstrual cycle. Those who suffer from premenstrual syndrome may experience this sensation a few days before their cycle. In these cases, nausea is closely related to changes in hormones.
Vision: Eye fatigue, such as when working at a computer for a long time or getting used to new glasses, can lead to an excruciating feeling of nausea.
Low pressure: After intense physical activity, such as running, or when it is very hot, there may be a sharp drop in blood pressure. One of the symptoms of low blood pressure is a feeling of nausea, accompanied by dizziness, cold sweats, and a feeling of fainting.
Anxiety and stress: Severe anxiety can lead to abdominal pain, which is accompanied by sweating, dizziness and nausea. Nausea in this case has a psychosomatic origin.
motion sickness: More commonly known as "seasickness", that is, the feeling of nausea and malaise that occurs when you are in motion, such as in a car or on a ship. This disorder is associated with changes in the balance organs located in the inner ear. The classic symptoms are nausea, vomiting, pallor, and sweating. This is one of the main causes of nausea in children.
Alcohol abuse: You may experience nausea with excessive alcohol consumption. The effect of alcohol on the gastric mucosa can cause nausea.
Smoking: Cigarettes can cause nausea. In this case, the sensation is a reaction to the nicotine contained in tobacco and inhaled smoke.
Medications: Chemotherapy drugs are most commonly responsible for nausea and vomiting. This is due to the composition of chemotherapy drugs: very aggressive, capable of stimulating both the center of vomiting and the gastrointestinal tract, causing nausea. Another drug that can cause nausea is birth control pills. Other drugs that can cause nausea include antibiotics.
Caffeine: A substance found in coffee may be responsible for nausea in two ways. First, excessive coffee consumption can lead to stomach problems, irritation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and nausea. Second, abstinence from caffeine can cause symptoms such as headache and nausea.
Food: When you exceed your normal food intake, nausea may appear as a stomach defense mechanism.

Natural remedies for nausea

Natural remedies are suitable for combating nausea of any kind caused by diseases, after childbirth, from taking medications.

The most commonly used natural remedies are:

Lemon juice is one of the most famous and ancient remedies for nausea. It is enough to add lemon juice to hot water, and then drink everything.

anti-nausea products: especially recommended to combat nausea during pregnancy. These foods help prevent nausea and fight it if it's already there. Among these foods are crackers, biscuits, and bread, preferably whole grains, as well as mint and mint-based products. Other foods you can use are potatoes, pasta, white rice, and bananas. But, you should avoid fatty foods, fried foods and strong spices, which can increase the feeling of nausea.

Licorice: An excellent remedy for nausea is licorice root, which, when eaten, reduces the feeling of nausea. However, it has a side effect - an increase in pressure.

Wheat germ: contain vitamin B6 and are especially useful against nausea. Add a couple of teaspoons to warm milk and drink several times a day, as needed.

fermented milk: If nausea is caused by antibiotics or intestinal problems associated with diarrhea or abdominal pain, you can take lactic acid enzymes, which restores the intestinal flora.

Apple vinegar: to reduce nausea, apple cider vinegar is diluted in natural water, to which a teaspoon of honey is added. Should be taken in the evening.

rice water: water after cooking rice contains starch, which helps to reduce the feeling of nausea. You can drink several times a day.

Melissa: useful against nausea caused by anxiety or stress. Contains active ingredients such as essential oils, phenolic acids and triterpene acids. Take in the form of an infusion, about 40 drops per glass of water.
Dill: its active ingredients - anethole and flavonoids - act on the entire gastrointestinal tract. Take in the form of tea from a teaspoon of dill seeds brewed in boiling water. Avoid during pregnancy.
Ginger: Ginger root contains two acids - ethanol and acetone, which suppress the feeling of nausea. You can take it in capsule form, in which case it is enough to take two capsules a day containing about 250 g of dry extract, or as an infusion, putting a teaspoon of ginger root in 250 ml of hot water. During pregnancy should be agreed with the gynecologist.

Drug therapy

Anti-nausea medicines should be taken under close medical supervision, especially during pregnancy, and only when available. real need their acceptance, that is, when nausea and vomiting interfere with daily activities. The dosage and mode of administration will be determined by your physician.

The most common anti-nausea medications are:

metoclopramide: suppresses the gag reflex and, as a result, nausea. Can be taken during pregnancy but not recommended during the first quarter.
Prochlorperazine: acts on the center of vomiting, suppressing the feeling of nausea. It should be taken with caution as it may mask the side effects of other drugs.
Dexamethasone: This is a drug that is a corticosteroid and is used to get rid of nausea during chemotherapy or after surgery.