How to use chlorhexidine aqueous solution. Chlorhexidine instructions for use. Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and other complex mechanisms

Medications with fully proven effectiveness, which cause not controversy in the medical community, but awe and awe - unfortunately, a very rare occurrence. And this group of unconditional and recognized drugs includes the familiar Chlorhexidine.

Behind the nondescript packaging and low price lies the real leader among antiseptics presented on the shelves of our pharmacies. If domestic brilliant green or, for example, Miramistin remain exclusively Russian medicines, then Chlorhexidine is a generally recognized drug that is used all over the world.

Let's try to figure out together what is the secret of the popularity of this product. And at the same time, find out everything about the pitfalls that may be hidden in the instructions for Chlorhexidine - side effects and possible contraindications.

A long story that has no end

Chlorhexidine has been used for almost 60 years in more than sixty pharmaceuticals. During this time, the medicine has unconditionally proven its effectiveness and safety.

And the beginning was made in the early 50s, when Chlorhexidine bigluconate was synthesized in Manchester, at the Royal Chemical Company, which was developing antimalarial drugs. Already in 1954, the new medicine went on sale as a local antiseptic and disinfectant.

Only more than 20 years later, Chlorhexidine began to be used as a topical oral rinse. It turned out that the drug can prevent the development of periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine still holds its position as an anti-periodontal agent today.

A little later, antiseptics began to be included in lubricants, detergents, toothpastes, and even clothing inserts. In 2012, an antithrombogenic catheter was first introduced, which contained Chlorhexidine both externally and internally.

It seems that the story does not end here - this antiseptic has many more to come dosage forms and methods of application. After all, you can’t look for such a station wagon! How does the magic drug work? It's time to get into the details.

>>Recommended: if you are interested effective methods getting rid of chronic runny nose, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis and persistent colds, then be sure to check out this site page after reading this article. Information based on personal experience author and has helped many people, we hope it will help you too. Now let's return to the article.<<

Mechanism of action of Chlorhexidine

For microorganisms Chlorhexidine bigluconate - this salt is used as an antiseptic- acts differently, and it depends on the type of microbes.

Bacteria

The positively charged Chlorhexidine molecule binds to the bacterial cell wall, which has a negative charge. As a result, destabilization and damage to the cell wall occurs. Interestingly, this process only takes about 20 seconds.

However, the role of the antiseptic does not end there. The drug penetrates the cell and attacks the internal cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterium, as a result of which the contents simply flow into the cytoplasm. The cell dies. High concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate may cause hardening or congealing of the cytoplasm.

The effect of the drug on pathogenic and opportunistic fungi is very similar to the effect on bacteria. By destroying the cell wall, the antiseptic penetrates the cytoplasmic membrane of the fungus and irrevocably destroys the cell.

Biofilm

Biofilm is a complex collection of microorganisms growing on a solid organic (such as dental plaque) or inorganic surface. Biofilms are characterized by structural heterogeneity, genetic diversity, and complex interactions within the conglomerate.

The matrix protects the cells within it, which makes biofilm microorganisms particularly resistant to antibacterial drugs. Most antiseptics are unable to act within the complex structure of the biofilm. Chlorhexidine broke out from the orderly row of powerless relatives and proved its exceptional abilities. The drug can prevent the adhesion (sticking) of microorganisms to a solid surface, as a result of which the growth and development of biofilm stops.

Other microorganisms

Unlike many antiseptics, Chlorhexidine solution demonstrates high effectiveness against other microbes, for example, bacterial spores and protozoa. It is assumed that it also acts against viruses covered with an additional shell: herpes simplex virus, HIV, cytomegalovirus, influenza virus. Non-enveloped viruses are resistant to Chlorhexidine. These include ARVI pathogens rotavirus, adenovirus and enteroviruses.

Topical chlorhexidine: the hard work of an antiseptic

When applied externally and locally, Chlorhexidine solution forms complexes with proteins of the upper layer of the epidermis or mucous membranes.

When rinsing the mouth, the drug binds to the proteins of the mucous membrane and the surface of the teeth, after which it is slowly released over a long period of time. Imagine that the antimicrobial activity of an antiseptic lasts for two days! As a result of a long-term antiseptic effect, the number of bacteria in the oral cavity is significantly reduced, which in turn prevents plaque.

Due to its ability to “stick” to soft and hard surfaces and release over a long period of time, Chlorhexidine has become the gold standard in dentistry.

Pharmacokinetic properties

Studies confirm that after rinsing with Chlorhexidine solution, about 30% of the active ingredient is retained in the oral cavity.

The drug is intended exclusively for external and local use. However, if you accidentally swallowed a small amount of antiseptic, you should not call an ambulance and prepare for the worst. The drug is practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A person who drinks 300 mg of Chlorhexidine - this is almost 300 ml of a solution that is sold in pharmacies - in the blood plasma after half an hour contains only 0.206 mcg / g of the active substance.

Let us add that it is almost impossible for a person of sober mind and clear memory to take 300 ml of antiseptic on the chest. If for some reason force majeure does occur, nothing bad will happen. Over the next 12 hours, the antiseptic will be completely eliminated from the body.

Activity spectrum

So, let's list the microorganisms that cannot resist the action of the drug. Sensitive microbes include:

gram-positive microorganisms, including various strains of staphylococcus and streptococcus. The bactericidal effect against gram-positive microorganisms is achieved when exposed to a solution of Chlorhexidine in a concentration of less than 1 mg/liter;
gram-negative microorganisms: Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, Legionella, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella, Moraxella and others. The drug is more active against gram-positive microorganisms than against gram-negative ones. The antiseptic concentration sufficient for an antibacterial effect when contaminated with gram-negative bacteria must be at least 73 μg/ml;
mushrooms;
enveloped viruses.
The peculiarities of the drug’s action in relation to herpes simplex viruses, HIV, and cytomegalovirus are still being studied.

The drug retains antiseptic properties, although less pronounced, in direct contact with biological fluids, for example, blood or pus. This ability distinguishes Chlorhexidine from most other antiseptics.

Chlorhexidine: use of antiseptic

The scope of Chlorhexidine is not limited to pharmaceuticals. Antiseptic is part of many disinfectants - solutions for treating skin and hands. The cosmetics industry cannot do without the drug. As an antibacterial agent, it is added to toothpastes, deodorants, and antiperspirants. The antiseptic is also included in creams for problem skin, which once again proves the effectiveness of Chlorhexidine as a remedy for acne.

In pharmaceuticals, solutions of Chlorhexidine are used in a concentration of 0.05%, less often - 0.02% as:

preservative in eye drops;
active ingredient in dosage forms for local and external use, as well as mouth and throat rinses, suppositories, ointments and solutions.

Chlorhexidine in dentistry: indications

Chlorhexidine digluconate is included in mouth rinse solutions. The main indication of an antiseptic is the treatment and prevention of gingivitis.

Let us remember that gingivitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums, which occurs due to the accumulation of microbial plaque on the teeth and is characterized by redness and swelling of the gums. If left untreated in time, the disease can lead to a complication - periodontitis, which leads to the destruction of the alveolar processes.

Patients who are simultaneously diagnosed with both periodontitis and gingivitis are a special category of dental patients that require complex treatment. In such cases, Chlorhexidine is only one of the drugs in combination therapy, and not the main one.

The antiseptic is also used to treat inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa - stomatitis, including aphthous. Chlorhexidine rinses are often prescribed to prevent infection after tooth extraction and other dental procedures.

Among the indications for rinsing, one cannot fail to note the prevention of dental plaque. Possessing a pronounced antibacterial effect, the drug effectively prevents the formation of plaque and tartar on teeth.

Rules for using Chlorhexidine dental solution

How to properly rinse your mouth with Chlorhexidine? So, the procedure is most effective if it is carried out immediately after preventive teeth cleaning. The antiseptic should be applied twice a day - morning and evening - for 30 seconds. The usual dose is 15 ml of undiluted rinse solution.

Immediately after using Chlorhexidine, you should not drink water, brush your teeth or eat breakfast (lunch or dinner) - you will simply wash off the antiseptic. Be patient for 10–15 minutes, and then safely proceed to normal life.

And one last thing. Despite the safety of the medicine, you should still not drink it. When rinsing, make every effort to ensure that the antiseptic does not enter the gastrointestinal tract.

Mouth rinses: an unsightly side effect

One of the most unpleasant side effects of Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash is staining the surface of teeth, dentures, the mouth and the back of the tongue.

It is worth noting that such a manifestation of antiseptic does not await all patients. Clinical trials have shown that the likelihood of any noticeable staining is 56%. Moreover, in 15% of people, the discoloration of teeth and tongue will be quite pronounced. Unfortunately, the color scheme in which tooth enamel and the oral cavity are painted does not leave any reason for much optimism. If you fall into the sensitive 15% group, your teeth will likely turn dark brown to black.

Against the background of such information, the possibility of removing stains left by Chlorhexidine using professional methods looks very comforting. The likelihood and intensity of staining increases when interacting with the dyes of tea or coffee.

Recently, manufacturers have begun to produce rinses with Chlorhexidine, which contain an additional component that reduces the risk of staining oral surfaces. Chelated zinc has this effect.

Unlikely but Possible: Other Side Effects of Chlorhexidine Rinse

Other adverse events after using Chlorhexidine oral solution are quite rare. These include:

changes in taste sensations, the appearance of a bitter taste;
short-term burning sensation;
numbness, dryness or soreness of the mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue;
increased gum bleeding after a light massage;
transient toothache, sore gums, or general discomfort and increased sensitivity during the treatment of periodontitis (in 50.7% of patients versus 41.4% when using a placebo drug).

Chlorhexidine in otorhinolaryngology: indications and rules of use

The activity of Chlorhexidine against most gram-positive bacteria and viruses gives grounds for using an antiseptic as a solution for gargling.

Let us recall that most tonsillitis (inflammatory diseases of the tonsils) and pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa) are associated with streptococci and viruses and much less often with staphylococci.

For gargling, use 0.02% and 0.05% Chlorhexidine solution. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to find a special form of the drug for gargling in Russian pharmacies. However, the most common Chlorhexidine for external use, which is easy to buy, is perfect for use in ENT practice.

To gargle, you will need about 20 ml of 0.02% or 10-15 ml of 0.05% antiseptic solution, which must be held in the mouth for at least 45 seconds. After the procedure, you should not drink, eat or brush your teeth for about 20–30 minutes.

The optimal frequency of rinsing with Chlorhexidine is three times a day. If desired, the number of procedures can be increased. The duration of treatment is 5–10 days or more, as long as the need exists. The positive aspects of treating throat with Chlorhexidine include high efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness.

What is not found in the instructions: Chlorhexidine for inhalation

The use of Chlorhexidine as a solution for inhalation is also very promising, although this indication is not mentioned in the instructions for the drug. The antiseptic can be used in nebulizers. Fine particles of Chlorhexidine, entering the lower respiratory tract, are an excellent prevention of bronchitis and pneumonia - pneumonia. In addition, inhalations with Chlorhexidine can be used as part of a complex treatment of laryngitis (inflammation of the vocal cords), tonsillitis, and tracheitis.

The frequency of procedures, as well as the duration of treatment, can be practically unlimited - the drug is so safe.

Is it worth using Chlorhexidine in the nose?

Wide antiseptic capabilities and popular love give rise to new questions. A favorite medicine that has helped with sore throat and pneumonia, thrush and stomatitis, diaper rash and burns, in the hope of healing from new diseases, they are trying to drip into the ears and nose. Is it possible and beneficial to use Chlorhexidine solution as nasal or ear drops?

Chlorhexidine is a powerful antiseptic intended mainly for external use. Its effectiveness has been proven by many years of research. Chlorhexidine has been used as a disinfectant for more than 60 years. What is the secret of his popularity? Are there any contraindications to the use of this drug? Are there any side effects? More on this below.

Composition, release form, packaging

The active ingredient of this product is chlorhexidine bigluconate. The drug is a solution for local and external use. It is completely transparent and has no specific odor.

A solution of chlorhexidine is produced in polyethylene bottles of various capacities from 50 to 200 ml (see photo) or in the form of aerosol cans. They are placed in cardboard packages.

Also, for medical institutions, pharmaceutical companies offer chlorhexidine in polyethylene canisters from 1 to 10 liters.

Modern pharmacology widely uses chlorhexidine. It is available not only in the form of ordinary aqueous solutions, but also in the form of gels, suppositories, and creams. Vaginal suppositories are available in two forms: 8 or 16 mg. They are packaged in plastic blisters of 5 pieces and 1-2 blisters are placed in a cardboard box. Gel 0.5% is produced in tubes of 15-30 grams or cream 1% in tubes of 50 g, used only externally.

In medicine, solutions of chlorhexidine based on 0.5 or 0.8% alcohol are also used. It is sold in bottles from 100 to 500 ml.

Manufacturer

In Russia, several pharmaceutical companies are involved in the production of chlorhexidine: OJSC Medsintez, LLC Lekar, NPC Biogen, LLC Rosbio. The drug is also produced by Polfa-Lodz in Poland and Farmaks Group LLC in Ukraine.

Indications

The use of aqueous solutions in which the concentration of the active substance is less than 0.2% is indicated for:

prevention of STDs (infections transmitted only through sexual contact);
disinfection of scratches and abrasions;
treatment or purulent wounds;
eliminating fungal or mucous membranes (tonsillitis,);
treatment in the oral cavity.

0.5-1% aqueous, alcohol solutions can be used to disinfect medical instruments, treat the hands of surgeons before operations, and treat cracks or wounds on the skin.

Vaginal suppositories are used in gynecological and obstetric practice for the prevention of STDs, treatment of complications after installation of the IUD, and childbirth. Suppositories are also used in the treatment of colpitis, vaginosis, and endometritis.

Gels and creams are used to treat vulvovaginitis and balanitis. In dental practice they are used as a disinfectant, wound healing agent for periodontitis, gingivitis or.

Contraindications

The use of the drug is not recommended if hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine is detected. The drug is used with caution during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood. It is strictly forbidden to use this antiseptic for washing cavities and eyes.

Mechanism of action

Chlorhexidine can disrupt the integrity of the cell walls of microorganisms. It blocks the transport of ions through the membranes of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect. As the concentration of chlorhexidine increases, cell walls rupture and, as a consequence, the rapid death of microbes.

The best conditions for interaction with pathogenic cells are at acid-base balance pH values of 5-8. With or blood, the effectiveness of the drug is slightly reduced, but not significantly

How to properly dilute the drug:

Instructions for use

A solution of chlorhexidine is applied to the mucous membranes of the oral cavity or genitourinary organs by irrigation, rinsing, inhalation or using cotton swabs for 1-2 minutes.

To prevent STDs, an aqueous solution is administered using a special nozzle. For women in the vagina for a few minutes, for men in the urethra. At the same time, the skin is treated: genitals, pubis, inner thighs.

To treat uroprostatitis or urethritis, the solution is poured into the urethra 2 times a day. The course of such therapy lasts at least 7 days.

Suppositories are administered intravaginally in a supine position. To prevent STDs, use 1 suppository no later than 2 hours after the end of sexual intercourse. For diseases of the genitourinary system, 1 suppository is administered 2 times a day for a course of at least a week.

Chlorhexidine gels and creams are applied to areas damaged or affected by pathogenic microflora up to 3 times a day. The duration of such treatment directly depends on the clinical picture, as well as the complexity of the disease.

Abstract on the use of Chlorhexidine in our video:

Side effects

The use of chlorhexidine drugs may be associated with some side effects. These include:

, dry skin;
increased skin sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation;
taste disturbance, change in the color of tooth enamel (in the treatment of periodontitis and gingivitis);
in the case of using suppositories, itching and.

Overdose

The instructions contain no data on overdose of this drug. If the drug is accidentally ingested, it is necessary to perform a gastric lavage and give the patient activated charcoal. In severe cases, standard symptomatic therapy is carried out.

special instructions

It is necessary to avoid contact of the drug with the mucous membrane of the eyes, auditory nerve, and membranes of the brain.

In the presence of open head injuries (), rupture of the spinal cord, strictly avoid contact of chlorhexidine on the surface of the brain, its membranes, as well as in. In case of accidental contact with eyes, rinse with plenty of water.

The drug must not be mixed with other disinfectants and antiseptics. If clothing has been in contact with chlorhexidine, it should not be exposed to substances that produce active chlorine.

The use of chlorhexidine is permitted for pregnant and lactating women for cutaneous use. Intravaginal forms can be prescribed by a doctor after assessing the benefits for the mother, as well as the possible risks for the fetus or baby.

Drug interactions

Chlorhexidine combines well with drugs that contain benzalkonium chloride and centrimonium bromide. The activity of the product is significantly reduced in the presence of iodine, while at the same time it is enhanced in combination with ethyl alcohol. Under the influence of alkaline drugs or when heated, chlorhexidine decomposes to subsequently form 4-chloranil, which has carcinogenic properties.

You should know that chlorhexidine is not compatible with regular soap, so before using it to treat surfaces, any remaining detergent must be thoroughly rinsed off. Hard water can reduce the antiseptic properties of the medicine.

The drug Chlorhexidine has many medicinal properties and has a wide range of applications. It has proven itself as an effective mouth rinse for stomatitis, inflammation and bleeding gums. There are known cases of the drug being used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent in the field of gynecology. Women even tried to wash themselves with it.

The healing properties of "Chlorhexidine" in dentistry

The medicine is an effective antiseptic, bactericidal and antimicrobial agent. Thanks to this, the drug is widely used in dentistry. The drug actively fights the development and proliferation of biofilm, which is the main cause of gum inflammation. In addition, it prevents the further development of diseases such as gingivitis and periodontal disease.

The solution is not absorbed into the blood, and that is why rinsing the mouth with antiseptic Chlorhexidine can be done by both adults and children. Chlorhexidine rinse has another important feature - after its use, the effect can last up to 24 hours, which again makes it a leader among similar mouth rinses. Thanks to this property, the antiseptic is often used for stomatitis, where long-term disinfection is of great importance. Most toothpastes contain Chlorhexidine, which is invaluable in dentistry.

Composition and release form of the antiseptic

The active component in Chlorhexidine solution is chlorhexidine digluconate. Water acts as an additional substance. The concentration of the drug and its area of application are determined by the volume fraction of the active component.

In dentistry, only an aqueous solution with a concentration of chlorhexidine bigluconate of 0.05% is used. If you need Chlorhexidine, which can be used to rinse the mouth for medicinal purposes, then it should contain 0.035 mg of the active ingredient and water.

The drug is available in several forms:

water-based solution;
alcohol-based solution;
gel (with lidocaine);
candles;
cream;
ointment;
spray;
patch.

How to dilute and use the drug: instructions for use

The use of Chlorhexidine involves rinsing the mouth and nasopharynx. The drug purchased at the pharmacy is already ready for use; no additional dilution is required. To rinse the mouth, throat and nose, a solution containing 0.05% chlorhexidine digluconate is required. Let's look at some diseases and methods of treating them with Chlorhexidine in more detail.

For stomatitis

The disease can be cured in a few days. All you have to do is use Chlorhexidine as a mouth rinse, and the effect will not be long in coming. The main thing is to follow the instructions. To treat stomatitis, your doctor may prescribe different forms of the drug.

The use of an aqueous solution with a concentration of the active component of 0.05% will not require additional manipulations for its preparation - there is no need to dilute the drug with water. You need to rinse your mouth with the solution for 3-5 seconds. Try to do this carefully so that the entire oral cavity is well treated with the drug.
If the doctor prescribed a drug based on alcohol, then you will have to dilute it with boiled water. A specialist will indicate in what ratio it should be diluted, usually 1:2. You need to rinse your mouth well and try not to swallow the solution. How many procedures per day should there be? At least three.

It is very important to remember that such a composition is strictly contraindicated for a child! Chlorhexidine in the form of a spray has been developed for children. Do not swallow the drug! If the baby is not yet three years old, then spraying the tonsils and the back of the throat is prohibited!

Regardless of what solution the oral cavity is treated with - concentrated or diluted - you cannot eat or drink for 30 minutes after the procedure! If you want to quickly get rid of stomatitis, you must use the drug in accordance with the instructions.

For gum inflammation (periodontal disease, periodontitis and gingivitis)

Periodontal disease, periodontitis and gingivitis are diseases accompanied by inflammation of the gums. To eliminate them, dentists recommend rinsing the gums with a concentrated solution of Chlorhexidine 0.05%, which has an antiseptic effect. The procedure should be performed 2-3 times a day, one tablespoon for at least a minute for 10 days. Do not swallow the drug under any circumstances.

The medicine will give a positive result only after the tartar has been removed. In addition, before starting treatment, it is necessary to strengthen the gum tissue. To do this, the periodontist must prescribe a special course of treatment.

After tooth extraction

As an antiseptic after tooth extraction, dentists often recommend baths with 0.05% of the drug (we recommend reading: what else can you rinse your mouth with after tooth extraction?). Rinse your mouth with this solution carefully so as not to wash away the protective blood clot.

Proper rinsing looks like this:

put a small amount of medicine into your mouth;
hold it for about 30-60 seconds without intense movements;
you spit, trying not to swallow a drop.

The procedure must be performed no more than three times a day. You can take baths in the morning and evening immediately after eating and performing oral hygiene procedures. Despite the fact that a blood clot is created in the wound after tooth extraction, the procedure will help not only destroy all the microbes present in it, but will also ensure rapid tissue healing.

For rinsing the nasopharynx and throat

The solution is an effective analgesic and antimicrobial drug during the treatment of sore throat and tonsillitis. It will become an indispensable assistant for you in the fight against these diseases. All you need to do is purchase Chlorhexidine and, according to the instructions, rinse your mouth with it. By enveloping the tonsils, the drug helps them get rid of purulent accumulations and harmful bacteria, and also relieves inflammation.

In order for the treatment to be correct and bring positive results, you need to follow a few simple rules:

rinse your mouth with boiled water;
measure 10-15 ml of solution (one tablespoon);
take the measured liquid into your mouth;
throw back your head;
exhale, pronouncing the sound “A”;
rinse your throat for 30 seconds;
spit without swallowing;
repeat the previous steps 2 more times.

The procedure must be carried out morning and evening for no more than 1 week. After rinsing with concentrated or diluted Chlorhexidine, you should not eat or drink for 2 hours.

At home, Chlorhexidine is rarely used for nasal procedures, since the nasal passages are too sensitive to the drug. In a hospital setting, the antiseptic still found a purpose. This is the so-called “cuckoo” - a special method for rinsing the nose. As you can see, Chlorhexidine is a drug that is suitable for rinsing the mouth, throat and nose, but it can also cause an allergic reaction.

Contraindications and side effects

The drug is endowed with many medicinal properties, but like any other drug, it also has contraindications, which should not be neglected. The medicine is contraindicated:

for dermatitis;
when taking drugs containing iodine in parallel;
if the oral cavity is infected with a virus;
if the mucous membrane is too sensitive;
if an allergy to Chlorhexidine is detected;
in children under 7 years of age.

The drug also has a number of side effects. This:

unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth;
tooth enamel takes on a yellowish-brown tint (the color can be restored using special toothpastes);
burning and dryness in the mouth;
allergic reaction;
formation of tartar;
change in taste sensations.

Advantages and disadvantages of using the solution

The drug gained its popularity due to a considerable list of advantages. Consumers prefer Chlorhexidine, given its following advantages:

low cost;
high efficiency in the fight against microbes;
long lasting effect after one minute of rinsing.

In addition to the advantages, it is worth highlighting its disadvantages, which the manufacturer does not indicate in the instructions for the drug:

bitter in taste;
does not affect viruses;
stains the surface of the tongue and teeth brown;
there is a possibility of swallowing the drug, which is dangerous not only for children, but also for adults;
Because of the bitter taste, it is difficult, and sometimes even impossible, to use for children.

Analogues of "Chlorhexidine"

Today there are a huge number of different antiseptic drugs. Most of them contain chlorhexidine and therefore are characterized by the same properties as the medicine discussed in this article. Miramistin, Sanomed, Hydrogen Peroxide, Furacilin and many others are analogues of Chlorhexidine. Let's look at some of them in more detail.

Hydrogen peroxide

Quite often, hydrogen peroxide is used to treat stomatitis and fight fungi, bacteria and viruses. It, like Chlorhexidine, is an effective antiseptic. Only it doesn’t leave “red” marks on the teeth at all. In addition, the solution helps relieve pain and eliminate inflammation. Hydrogen peroxide is quite cheap. Is it possible to rinse your mouth with hydrogen peroxide? Yes, you can, but only at a dentist’s appointment and only as part of complex therapy. Peroxide effectively flushes out purulent accumulations. Just under no circumstances use it for such purposes yourself - it is very dangerous.

Furacilin solution

It is an antiseptic for wide use both at home and in medical institutions. Its cost, like that of Chlorhexidine, is acceptably low. Available in several forms: alcohol solution, tablets and ointment.

The drug has found its use in the field of dentistry and for the treatment of ENT diseases. Dentists use it to treat the mouth for stomatitis, gingivitis and osteomyelitis. ENT doctors prescribe it as an effective remedy for sore throat, which should be used to gargle. This procedure prevents streptococci and staphylococci, which cause the disease, from multiplying.

Usually a tablet preparation is used. Before using it, you need to prepare an aqueous solution: 2 tablets are crushed into powder and dissolved in a glass of warm boiled water. The drug is ready for use. The maximum shelf life of such a medicine is no more than a day.

Miramistin

It is one of the best analogues of the drug Chlorhexidine. They can also gargle and gargle the mouth. It not only effectively fights germs, but also destroys viral herpes. In addition, Miramistin quickly relieves the inflammatory process in herpetic stomatitis.

In comparison with Chlorhexidine, Miramistin:

has a wider range of indications;
tasteless;
does not leave marks on teeth;
does not cause irritation.

The medicine can be used by pregnant women, but very carefully. It is contraindicated for children under three years of age. The drug costs several times more than Chlorhexidine.

The composition of the drug 0.05% solution Chlorhexidine Bigluconate includes 0.5 mg chlorhexidine bigluconate , additional substances.

The composition of the drug 20% solution Chlorhexidine Bigluconate includes 0.2 g of active substance, additional substances.

Release form

INN: Chlorhexidine

The form of release of the product is as follows. The drug is available in the form of a 0.05% solution for external use. In a polymer bottle with a nozzle, as well as in glass bottles of 100 ml, 1 bottle in a cardboard package.

A 20% solution of the drug is sold in polymer bottles with a cap, 100 ml, 500 ml.

Candles and gel are also produced (it includes lidocaine ), cream, ointment, spray with a similar active ingredient.

pharmachologic effect

An aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine Bigluconate has a local antiseptic effect, predominantly bactericidal. The product is a dichlorine derivative biguanide . It affects the body by changing the properties of the cell membrane of microorganisms. The cations that are formed due to the dissociation of chlorhexidine salts react with the bacterial membranes, which have a negative charge. The effect of the drug promotes the destruction of the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterium. Its balance is disrupted, and the bacterium eventually dies.

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate solution 0.05%, gluconate 20% effectively destroys a number of strains of microorganisms. This Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Trichomonas vaginalis , Bacteroides fragilis , Chlamydia spp. ., Gardnerella vaginalis , Treponema pallidum . The drug is also active against Ureaplasma spp. ., and also has a moderate active effect in relation to individual strains Proteus spp. And Pseudomonas spp. .

Viruses (with the exception of viruses) and fungal spores demonstrate resistance to the drug.

If a rinse with Chlorhexidinum is used to wash hands, or the skin is treated with the drug, Chlorhexidine Bigluconate has a long-term antibacterial effect. Therefore, the drug can be used to treat the surgeon’s hands and the surgical field.

The product retains its antimicrobial activity in the presence of pus, blood, etc., but a decrease in its effectiveness is noted.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

When applied topically, Chlorhexidine is not absorbed into the bloodstream and has no systemic effect.

Indications for use

What the antiseptic is used for can be found in the detailed instructions for the drug. It is widely used to treat diseases that are caused by microorganisms sensitive to the influence of Chlorhexidine, and for their prevention.

The medicine is used to treat certain diseases depending on the concentration of the solution.

A solution of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% is widely used to prevent infectious diseases after surgical interventions. The use of such solutions in dentistry is practiced in order to process dentures. How to use Chlorhexidine in dentistry is determined by dentists during various procedures, and is also used for stomatitis , periodontitis for rinsing gums.

Skin treatment is practiced in urology (if penetration into the urethra, etc.), surgery, and gynecology before and after surgery to prevent infection. The use of the product in gynecology is practiced for the purpose of disinfecting mucous membranes and skin before carrying out a series of manipulations. How to use the solution depends on the type of procedure or manipulation.

In gynecology, Chlorhexidine is also used for thrush. To get rid of thrush, a woman is recommended to douche according to a special scheme.

Chlorhexidine is used in the treatment of many dermatological diseases of both bacterial and fungal origin. The use of the drug is also indicated in the presence of purulent wounds, diseases of the mucous membranes provoked by microorganisms sensitive to the active substance of the drug.

What Chlorhexidine is is known to those who have been seriously injured. The product is often used to treat wounds and damaged skin to prevent infection. What it is, and whether it is worth using the product in a particular case, is determined by the doctor.

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate solution is used to prevent sexually transmitted diseases -,.

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate solution 0.5% used to treat damage to mucous membranes and skin, as well as for the treatment of medical instruments (the solution temperature should be 70 degrees Celsius).

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate solution 1% used to prevent infection of burns and wounds, for disinfection before operations, as well as for treating instruments and devices that cannot be subjected to heat treatment.

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate solution 5% and 20% used in the preparation of solutions based on water, glycerin or alcohol.

Contraindications

The following contraindications to the use of this product are noted:

High sensitivity to the components of the product.
Not used to treat patients suffering from dermatitis .
Do not use at the same time with other antiseptics (this and etc.).
It is not advisable to use it for disinfection of the surgical field before surgery or after interventions on the central nervous system and auditory canal.
Not used in ophthalmology (the answer to the question whether it is possible to wash the eyes with this product is negative, since in ophthalmology only a specially prepared solution is used).
For the treatment of children, use with caution.

Side effects

When using Chlorhexidine Bigluconate during treatment, the following side effects were observed in some patients:

dry skin;
itchy skin ;
the appearance of a rash;
dermatitis ;
photosensitivity.

With prolonged use of the mouth rinse and irrigation product, taste sensations may change, and , there is a change in the color of the teeth.

Instructions for use Chlorhexidine Bigluconate (Method and dosage)

The instructions for Chlorhexidine stipulate that aqueous and alcoholic solutions of Chlorhexidine are used for the local treatment of infectious diseases.

Instructions for use of Chlorhexidine Bigluconate for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases are as follows. A 0.05% solution is used no more than two hours after unprotected sexual intercourse. For men, 2-3 ml of the product is injected into the urinary canal, for women, 1-2 ml is injected into the urinary canal and another 5-10 ml into the vagina (like douching in gynecology). It is also advisable to treat the skin near the genitals with the solution. The instructions on how to use the drug in this case contain a warning that urination should be done no earlier than 2 hours after using the drug. Otherwise, the effectiveness of the action decreases.

For prevention in this case, suppositories with Chlorhexidine Bigluconate can also be used.

How to douche with Chlorhexidine for other gynecological diseases, and whether it is possible to douche when certain symptoms appear, you should definitely first ask your gynecologist. For douching, a ready-made solution of 0.05% is used, which does not require additional dilution. Before douching, you need to lie down horizontally and, after squeezing a few drops of the product from the bottle into the vagina, lie down for a few minutes. If allergic reactions develop, such procedures should not be performed.

The method of using Chlorhexidine for inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract is as follows: 2-3 ml of 0.05% is injected into the urinary canal once or twice a day. The course of treatment lasts 10 days. This method of application is practiced in men and women.

To treat burns, wounds and other skin injuries, a solution of the drug 0.05%, 0.02% or 0.5% is used. It is used for irrigation or applications. The application is left for a period of 1 to 3 minutes. A spray with a similar active ingredient can also be used.

If it is necessary to disinfect the skin before surgery, use a 20% solution of Chlorhexidine digluconate, which is diluted with 70% ethyl alcohol (1 part of a 20% solution of Chlorhexidine digluconate and 40 parts of 70% alcohol). The surgical field is treated twice with an interval of 2 minutes.

In ENT practice, Chlorhexidine is used for, pharyngitis , . If you have a sore throat, you should gargle with a solution of 0.2% or 0.5%.

Before you use Chlorhexidine for gargling , it is recommended to rinse your mouth thoroughly with warm water. Next, gargling for a sore throat is carried out as follows: you should take 10–15 ml (about a tablespoon) of the solution, which can be used to gargle for about 30 seconds. You can repeat these steps one more time. After rinsing, it is advisable not to take food or liquid for 1 hour. The doctor will tell you how to gargle with Chlorhexidine, as well as how many times a day you need to perform this procedure for the throat, taking into account the patient’s individual symptoms. You should also ask the specialist whether it is possible to gargle with Chlorhexidine if the patient notices side effects.

Please note that if rinsing your mouth with Chlorhexidine causes a burning sensation, then most likely the solution is too concentrated. The highest permissible concentration is no more than 0.5%. You must first study the instructions on how to dilute the medicine for mouth rinsing. Rinsing the mouth after teeth extraction is carried out three times a day for 1 minute. Is it possible to rinse your mouth more often and how to rinse your mouth if complications are noted after tooth extraction, you need to find out from a specialist.

Chlorhexidine solution should not be swallowed while rinsing; if the solution accidentally gets into the stomach, you need to drink activated carbon tablets (1 tablet per 10 kg of person’s weight).

Many people are convinced that Miramistin and Chlorhexidine are the same thing. In fact, these drugs do belong to the same class of antiseptics. What is the difference between Chlorhexidine and Miramistin is in the active substances contained in the preparations. Miramistin is not a complete analogue of Chlorhexidine. It has a pronounced antifungal and antiviral effect. Therefore, there are some differences in the indications for use of this drug. Miramistin is not contraindicated for people suffering from dermatitis.

Synonyms

Hexicon.

For children

For the treatment of children, the drug is used with caution and only after a doctor’s prescription.

During pregnancy and lactation

Chlorhexidine can be used topically during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, despite the fact that pregnancy is not a contraindication to the use of the drug, prolonged use of the solution is not recommended.

Gargling during pregnancy is possible only under the supervision of a doctor.

Chlorhexidine is a widely used antiseptic intended for local external use. The drug has an effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, eliminating the development of the inflammatory process in the tissues of the body. Why is Chlorhexidine prescribed? Aqueous solutions of the drug are used:

in the treatment of various lesions of the skin and mucous membranes;
for irrigation and rinsing of the mouth for gum diseases;
after tooth extraction.

The drug is a powerful antiseptic and is used in the complex therapy of urethritis, for the treatment of the genitals and vagina after sexual intercourse for diseases that are sexually transmitted.

You can buy Chlorhexidine in the pharmacy chain:

These dosage forms of the drug are intended for local external use.

Different concentrations of alcohol and aqueous solutions affect the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of the drug. At a concentration of 0.01% the product has a bacteriostatic effect, and at a concentration of 0.05% it has a fungicidal effect. The drug also acts on bacterial spores at elevated temperatures.

Properties

The drug Chlorhexidine is a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for treating inflammation, wounds and preventing infections. The medicinal solution is also used to treat medical instruments and hands. Its antibactericidal effect is based on the ability to change the cell membrane of a microorganism. Salts of chlorhexidine bigluconate interact with negative bacteria. As a result, the pathogenic cell loses potassium and phosphorus and loses its ability to live.

The drug has a destructive effect on the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterium. As a result, the balance of the cell is disturbed and its death occurs. Chlorhexidine effectively fights such types of bacteria as:

chlamydia;
gonococci;
trichomonas;
and with herpes.

However, fungi and viruses are resistant to the drug.

Chlorhexidine solution effectively disinfects the skin and mucous membranes. The drug is used to treat the skin, oral mucosa, genitals and for the treatment of medical instruments. The antibacterial effect of the drug is quite long-lasting, so the solution is used to treat the floor in the operating room and to disinfect the surgeon’s hands.

The activity of the medicinal solution against bacteria remains in the presence of pus and blood. Therefore, the drug is widely used in the treatment of various wounds.

The drug is prescribed for the treatment of various skin diseases, for the treatment of purulent wounds and is widely used in gynecology and obstetric practice. Instructions for use Chlorhexidine includes a list of main indications for use of the drug:

Chlorhexidine solutions are used in dental practice to eliminate many diseases. The drug is very effective in relieving inflammation and swelling of the gums, and also eliminates inflammation in the oral cavity.

Application in gynecology

In gynecology, the use of chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.05 allows you to eliminate:

genital herpes;
gonorrhea;
trichomoniasis;
chlamydia;
syphilis.

To treat diseases, external treatment of the genital organs is carried out, as well as douching with a medicinal solution. The drug is also used to treat infected wounds, burns and other skin lesions.

The drug has an effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, effectively eliminating infection and inflammation. Already on the third day of using the drug, the therapeutic effect of this drug can be observed. Treatment with the solution must be carried out several times a day as prescribed by the doctor.

After interrupted sexual intercourse, for the prevention of sexual diseases, washing and douching using a Chlorhexidine solution is recommended. For men, the doctor may prescribe the injection of the drug into the urethra, for women into the vagina and into the urinary canal. The skin of the pubis, inner thighs, and genitals are also treated. For urethritis and urethroprostatitis, injection of a solution into the urinary canal is prescribed. The drug is used every other day. The duration of treatment should not exceed ten days.

The use of Chlorhexidine for mouth rinsing helps eliminate various infections and inflammations of dental diseases. The drug effectively eliminates toothache and gum pain, relieves swelling, and disinfects the entire oral cavity. The medicine must be used for rinsing several times a day. After the first use, you can feel the therapeutic effect of treatment with this drug - the drug provides excellent pain relief and reduces swelling of the mucous membranes and gums.

Large concentrations of drugs can cause a burning sensation when rinsing the mouth, so solutions of 0.05% and 0.02% are used to treat diseases. This solution is non-toxic and safe even if a small amount accidentally gets into the stomach when rinsing.

In ENT practice, the medicinal solution is used for irrigation and gargling after postoperative infection. The drug is also widely used in the treatment of certain diseases. Chlorhexidine for the throat is effective in treating:

tonsillitis;
tonsillitis;
alveolitis;
when caring after surgery.

Gargling with a solution promotes rapid recovery and prevents further spread of infection in the tissues. In just a few days of treatment, Chlorhexidine will help cope with ENT disease of any intensity, eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in the throat. The drug is effectively used in the treatment of various inflammatory processes of the tonsils.

How to gargle with a solution? For rinsing, a product is used that does not require prior dilution with water. One to two tablespoons of Chlorhexidine 0.05% should be taken into the mouth and gargled. Swallowing the medicine is strictly prohibited. The number of rinses depends on the course of the disease and can be three to four times a day.

After rinsing, chlorhexidine is effective for 18 hours. During this period, the number of pathogenic bacteria on the mucous membranes of the throat and mouth decreases significantly in the oral cavity. The drug binds to tissue proteins and is gradually released from the body. Do not use Chlorhexidine solution for rinsing together with iodine or other medications.

Today, Chlorhexidine is included in many mouthwashes and toothpastes. It is effectively used in the treatment of purulent tonsillitis, laryngitis, and pharyngitis. Side effects may include slight darkening of tooth enamel with very frequent and long-term use of the medicinal solution.

When using the drug in the treatment of various diseases, minor changes in taste and a slight tingling or burning sensation may be observed. During treatment with Chlorhexidine, in order to avoid the formation of brown plaque on the teeth, it is necessary not to drink coffee and tea. The course of treatment with the solution should not exceed two weeks.

Chlorhexidine digluconate 1% is widely used for the treatment of medical instruments and surfaces. The medicinal solution is used to disinfect operating rooms, to disinfect the skin of hands, and to wash the surgeon’s hands. The solution is also used to prevent suppuration of postoperative wounds and sutures and for burns.

Chlorhexidine digluconate 5% and 20% are used for the preparation of medicinal solutions on an aqueous, alcohol or glycerin basis.

The drug is a powerful antiseptic and disinfectant. However, during pregnancy it should be prescribed by a doctor only for special indications. The drug can be recommended to a pregnant woman in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis or other diseases. Any disturbances in the microflora of the vagina and uterus can have an extremely negative impact on the development of the fetus, so genital tract infections must be eliminated before birth.

During pregnancy, it is recommended to use a dosage form such as suppositories. Hexicon suppositories contain chlorhexidine and are used in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, colpitis, and erosion. Douching with Chlorhexidine solution should not be used during pregnancy! During pregnancy, douching procedures are prohibited by doctors to avoid the risk of infection in the vagina.

Vaginal suppositories with chlorhexidine are a very acceptable way to combat infection during pregnancy. The medicinal components included in the suppositories are not toxic or dangerous and are widely used in the treatment of gynecological diseases and disorders of the vaginal microflora. The contents of the suppositories are practically not absorbed into the bloodstream and are not capable of harming the fetus developing inside the uterus.

The prescription of any drug should be carried out only by the attending physician who knows the specifics of the course of pregnancy, the risks of possible complications and the well-being of the pregnant woman. Treatment with chlorhexidine should be carried out under medical supervision.

During pregnancy, the drug can be used to rinse the mouth and throat during gum disease or throat disease. Of course, such treatment must be carried out only in strict accordance with medical prescriptions. Chlorhexidine solution can also be used in a nebulizer to treat diseases of the lower respiratory tract. Typically, improvement in well-being during treatment with a medicinal solution is observed within three days.

The drug is not prescribed to children under 7 years of age. To gargle a child's throat, the medicine must be used with extreme caution. The aqueous solution of the drug acts very gently and does not cause any discomfort. However, the complete safety of the drug has not been confirmed.

The drug is not used in the treatment of runny nose, sinusitis, rhinitis and otitis. With otitis media, the medicine can penetrate the eardrum, which is not permissible. Chlorhexidine can be used for gargling for ENT diseases, for disinfecting abrasions, scratches and wounds, for treating burns and skin lesions. Also, a medicinal solution of chlorhexidine is used in a nebulizer to treat bronchitis.

Side effects

In very rare cases, shortness of breath and anaphylactic shock may occur. It is also possible for an allergic reaction to occur on the skin - blisters, hives, and itchy skin may appear. If side effects occur, treatment with the drug must be stopped.

The drug is contraindicated for treatment in the presence of:

increased individual sensitivity to the drug;
dermatitis;
children's age up to 7 years.

The solution should be used with caution during pregnancy, as well as in combination with other antiseptics. The drug is not used in ophthalmology and is prescribed with caution to children over 7 years of age. The effect of chlorhexine on the children's body has not been fully studied.

When used correctly, an overdose of the drug is impossible. In case of accidental ingestion of a large amount of medicinal solution, it is necessary to perform a thorough gastric lavage.

Drug interactions

The bactericidal effect of the drug is enhanced by ethyl alcohol. The drug cannot be combined with anionic compounds, so the medicinal solution is not used with soap. Chlorhexidine is also incompatible with phosphates, chlorides, citrates, sulfates, and carbonates.

The substance chlorhexidine bigluconate enhances the reaction of neomycin, cephalosporin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin.

Analogs

The pharmaceutical market today offers many different antiseptics. Many drugs contain chlorhexidine and are analogues of the main original. The substance chlorhexidine and its salts are widely used in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. So, for sore throat, children are prescribed Anti-Angin, the lozenges of which contain chlorhexadine. For the throat, analogues such as:

Eludril,
Sebidin,
Anzibel (lozenges).

Solutions Hexicon, Amident and Miramistin are the main analogues of the original drug. They have a similar effect on pathogenic microorganisms and are in no way inferior to the original in effectiveness.

The drug chlorhexidine bigluconate has a low price. The average cost of the drug is 11 – 20 rubles. The price may vary within different limits at each pharmacy.

The average cost of the analogue Miramistin is from 130 rubles, Hexicon (vaginal suppositories) is 46 rubles.

The prescription of the drug or its analogues should be carried out only by the attending physician. When treating with the drug, it is important to fully follow medical recommendations.