Moderate myopia: what you need to know. Features and treatment of moderate myopia Moderate myopia of both eyes treatment

Myopia is a pathology in which a person sees well near, but very poorly at a distance. There are different degrees and types of myopia (myopia), and they all have different effects on visual acuity. In this article you will learn everything about what myopia is, symptoms and treatment of visual impairment, signs and main causes of this pathology.

What is a disease

In a nearsighted eye, the light that enters the eye is refracted and focused in front of the retina. Therefore, a person cannot see objects that are far from him.

With myopia, the eye's accommodation system suffers. They speak of a weak degree if the myopia of the eyes is less than -3 diopters. Average myopia has from -3 to -6 diopters, and high myopia has more than -6 diopters. The disease can progress slowly and end only when the body stops growing. But if the progression does not end, then myopia reaches -40 diopters. Vision in this case is very poor near and far.

Non-progressive myopia can be easily corrected with glasses. If it is complicated and progresses slowly, then it is usually not possible to achieve one hundred percent vision correction.

Due to the constant expansion of the posterior parts of the eyeball, serious anatomical changes occur in it, primarily from the retina. As a result, serious changes occur in the fundus. Due to the stretching of the membranes, the vessels become brittle. This leads to recurrent hemorrhages into the vitreous body. Due to a rough pigment lesion, a person’s vision sharply deteriorates.

Myopia occurs in adults and children. It happens equally often in men and women. In the photo on the Internet you can find out how myopic people see without glasses. With progressive myopia, visibility is very low.

Causes of myopia in humans

The causes of myopia are as follows.

Unfavorable heredity. Myopic people often have nearsighted children. Sometimes a child may suffer from poor vision from birth.
Prolonged visual work, especially in poor lighting conditions. Such myopia develops very quickly during the period of active human growth.
Weakness of accommodation of the eye system (it leads to stretching of the eyeball).
Pathological spasm of accommodation. Often a spasm in the eyes leads to illness.
Insufficient physical activity.
Various pathological conditions of the organ of vision.
Increased intracranial pressure.
Injuries during childbirth.
Traumatic brain injuries of varying severity and severity.
Hormonal imbalances in the body.
Poisoning.
Transferred viral, bacterial or fungal pathologies.

What you need to know about the degrees of the disease

With mild myopia (grade 1), its strength is not higher than 3 diopters. Visual acuity with this type of eye pathology decreases, but this does not affect a person’s performance. Only some objects, being in the distance, are visible with blurred contours. Still, a person can see them. But for this he needs to squint. Because of this, the eyes get tired quickly. These are the first signs of vision loss.

With moderate myopia (grade 2), the refraction does not exceed -6 diopters. This entails significant changes in the fundus. Its main symptom is decreased vision. Visibility deteriorates significantly in twilight conditions, which creates problems when moving. As it progresses, flashes of light may appear in front of the eyes.

With high myopia (grade 3), the refractive power is higher than -6 diopters. Some people may not see the world around them at all with this disease, since all objects merge into a large blurry spot. The patient complains of visual fatigue.

There are other types of the disease according to the accepted classification:

axial myopia (light rays are refracted very strongly);
congenital myopia;
acquired;
false myopia (it occurs with a false spasm of accommodation). False myopia often occurs in children;
bilateral myopia of both eyes;
mixed (there may be myopia in one eye and farsightedness in the other).

Other symptoms of myopia

In addition to decreased visual acuity, a person may experience the following signs of myopia:

change in color of the sclera;
the appearance of pain in the head;
the appearance of flashes of light in the visual field;
squinting;
rubbing the eyes;
pain in the eyes;
tension of the organ of vision.

During pregnancy, eye myopia can lead to a sharp deterioration in vision and retinal rupture.

Diagnostics

The following types of examinations are used for diagnosis:

measurement of visual acuity and diopters of myopia;
perimetry;
examination of the shadow in the pupil;
measurement of intraocular pressure;
blood analysis;
examination of the fundus using a Goldmann lens (diagnosis of Fuchs spot, myopic cone, protrusion of the sclera (retinal staphyloma), retinal dystrophy, hemorrhages).

All visual impairments must be diagnosed as early as possible.

Treatment for this visual impairment should begin as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed. For varying degrees of refractive error, medications are prescribed to help restore visual acuity. Such medicines necessarily contain B vitamins, calcium compounds and agents that increase blood circulation in the brain.

The traditional way to correct myopia is to wear glasses. The strength and degree of correction is chosen only by the doctor, based on the characteristics of the patient’s body. The issue of wearing contact lenses for myopia should be decided individually. A person cannot independently determine what kind of glasses he should wear.

With the rapid progression of myopia, the issue of surgical intervention is decided. Recently, laser vision correction techniques have been increasingly used. The main goal of such therapy is to stop the development of pathology. Laser therapy has the following contraindications:

Can myopia be cured? If it is detected at an early stage, its progression can be significantly slowed down. However, it must be treated as early as possible. Treatment at home and treatment with traditional methods will not bring results. Often such methods are selected on the advice of friends and acquaintances who... Some recipes for the treatment of myopia are downright harmful to the eye. Not a single folk method can stop the progression of myopia and the restoration of the retina.

The consequences of myopia are very dangerous. Its most serious complication is loss of vision. When myopia worsens, surgery is most often performed. It will help get rid of blindness. In case of rapid progression, pathologists issue a visual disability.

First aid

Sometimes myopia can cause a retinal tear. This is a very dangerous complication that can lead to irreversible vision loss. First aid in such conditions is to calm the person, eliminating any physical activity, and call an ambulance.

How to prevent myopia

Every person can slow down the aging of the eyes and maintain good vision, and there is nothing complicated or supernatural about it. Preventive measures should be taken in childhood, since the development of pathology begins at early school age.

Prevention of myopia comes down to the implementation of such measures.

Perform regular eye exercises (orthoptic treatment).
Taking complexes with essential carotenoids, antioxidants, enzymes. The most active and effective supplement is Okyuvite forte. It does an excellent job of treating eye fatigue and helping restore vision.
Maintaining correct posture during visual work.
Maintaining a balanced diet.
Protecting your eyes from the aggressive effects of ultraviolet radiation.
Having regular examinations with an ophthalmologist.

Timely diagnosis and vision correction help to avoid vision loss and maintain high performance. The prognosis worsens with rapid progression of pathology and the presence of diseases of the retina.

Watch the video:

Myopia is a pathological condition characterized by refractive error in one eye or both. In this case, the main optical focus is localized between the retina and the lens of the visual apparatus. Due to such pathological changes, the sick person begins to have difficulty distinguishing between objects that are located at a certain distance from him.

In the medical literature, eye myopia is also called myopia. The disease was named this way because a person is much better at distinguishing between objects and people in close proximity to him.

Medical statistics are such that eye myopia is a fairly common pathology of the visual system. It affects over 25% of the world's population. Therefore, it is important to start preventing the disease as early as possible. It is also worth noting that congenital myopia sometimes occurs. But it is still more often diagnosed in adolescents. Over time, this pathological condition can gradually progress.

In myopia, light entering the eye is refracted by the lens and projected in front of the retina. It is precisely because the central focal point is located in front of the retina that a person cannot clearly see objects located at a certain distance from him. The picture turns out blurry.

With low myopia, the patient sees distant objects poorly, but close objects well. If the disease continues to progress, then soon the patient will no longer see close objects normally. Progressive myopia can cause the patient to become disabled. But myopia may also not be progressive. In this case, vision is impaired only when looking into the distance. Treatment for this condition is usually not required. Doctors only carry out its correction.

Etiology

There are many reasons for the progression of myopia. The main ones are the following:

heredity. Myopia is transmitted at the genetic level. If one of the parents has such a disease, then with a 25% chance it will be passed on to his child. Myopia in children in whom both parents have this disease progresses in 50% of cases;
malnutrition;
increased load on the visual apparatus is one of the main reasons;
pathologies of the visual apparatus;
birth injuries;
TBI of varying severity;
hormonal disbalance;
intoxication;
previously suffered illnesses of a bacterial, viral and fungal nature.

Degrees

In total, there are 3 degrees of myopia in medicine. They all differ in the severity of the pathological process and symptoms.

Degrees of myopia:

myopia 1st degree. In this case, the refractive error does not exceed 3 diopters. Visual function is practically not impaired. With low myopia, the contours of distant objects are slightly blurred, but a person can still see them. Other symptoms of this pathology: squinting of the eyes to see distant objects, pain in the forehead, temples, orbits, rapid fatigue of the visual apparatus and increased dryness of the mucous membrane;
myopia 2 degrees. The degree of refractive error is from 3 to 6 diopters. The progression of moderate myopia entails changes in the fundus, so it is important to begin treating it as soon as possible. This degree of myopia is diagnosed in 14% of the total number of patients suffering from this disease. The main symptom is a decrease in visual function to the extent that the patient begins to have difficulty seeing objects that are located 25 cm from him. Also, with moderate myopia, twilight vision worsens, slight bulging eyes are noted, headaches and increased fatigue of the visual apparatus occur. It is important to immediately contact an ophthalmologist for treatment if such signs appear. If moderate myopia progresses, flashes will begin to appear before the eyes, and the permeability of the blood vessels supplying the eyes will increase. In severe cases it is even possible;
myopia 3 degrees. High myopia is the most severe, since the refractive error exceeds 6 diopters. This disease is dangerous, as it entails the progression of dangerous complications. People with high myopia practically cannot see objects. The world without glasses merges for them into one big blurry spot. The disease is often accompanied. Symptoms of high myopia: squinting of the eyes, thinning of the retina and a significant increase in the permeability of the blood vessels of the visual apparatus, headaches of varying degrees of intensity. In severe cases, the retina becomes deformed.

Symptoms

The main symptom of high, moderate and low myopia is difficulty in distinguishing objects that are located far from the sick person. In addition, the following signs appear:

the sclera of the eye may have a bluish tint;
headache of varying degrees of intensity;
a person constantly squints his eyes to better see distant objects;
light spots, threads and flashes appear before your eyes;
there is a desire to rub your eyes to slightly improve the clarity of the picture;
the palpebral fissure widens, so bulging eyes may appear;
decreased twilight vision;
the visual apparatus quickly gets tired;
eye pain;
eyes are constantly tense.

If these symptoms occur, you should immediately contact a qualified medical specialist to conduct a proper diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment plan.

Separately, it is worth highlighting myopia during pregnancy. Pregnancy is not a pathology, but a complex condition for the female body, which leads to changes in almost all organs and systems. This also applies to the visual apparatus. Myopia can cause the following problems during pregnancy:

in the third trimester, retinal complications may occur;
vision may decrease due to early or late toxicosis;
High myopia during childbirth can lead to retinal detachment. Therefore, the presence of such a disease may become a contraindication for childbirth.

Therapeutic measures

Myopia treatment should be carried out as soon as the diagnosis has been confirmed. Today, there are several methods that make it possible to restore normal visual acuity.

Drug therapy

It is taught in courses. Therapy should be given to patients with varying degrees of myopia. For moderate, low and high myopia, the following pharmaceuticals are prescribed:

calcium preparations;
vitamins from group B;
drugs that stimulate blood circulation in the brain.

It is important to remember that such drugs also have some contraindications that the doctor must take into account when prescribing them.

Correction with lenses and glasses

The strength of the lenses is selected by the doctor strictly individually. Which correction method to choose - glasses or contact lenses - depends on the patient’s preference. But it is worth noting that lenses have some contraindications, such as allergies or individual intolerance.

Hardware therapy

In this case, doctors resort to the use of a laser, an accomodo trainer, as well as color pulse treatment.

Surgical techniques

They are resorted to in case of rapid progression of the disease. The main goal is to stop the progression of the disease. In cases of high myopia, the patient undergoes lens replacement.

Laser correction

An effective procedure to restore vision. It has some contraindications, including:

age under 18 years;
inflammatory diseases of the elements of the visual apparatus.

Prevention

Scientists have found that the disease begins to progress in childhood. Therefore, prevention should be practiced from childhood.

Prevention of myopia:

regular eye exercises are an excellent prevention of pathologies of the elements of the visual apparatus;
Proper sitting while studying is another important preventative measure. It is forbidden to arch your back, your head must look straight;
balanced diet;
eye protection from active exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
Examinations by an ophthalmologist are a preventive measure that will help prevent not only myopia, but also other diseases of the visual system.

Is everything in the article correct from a medical point of view?

Answer only if you have proven medical knowledge

Myopia is a specific vision pathology in which a person has difficulty seeing distant objects. That is why it is also called myopia: objects are clearly visible up close, but as they move away they begin to blur. For convenience, myopia is classified by degree: mild, moderate, severe. This material discusses moderate myopia: its causes, prognosis, methods of treating visual impairment.

To measure the deviation of vision from the norm in ophthalmology, special units called diopters are used. The worse the vision, the higher the number in diopters will be. Myopia is indicated by a minus sign, which is placed in front of the number of diopters. Therefore, the higher the number, the worse the vision.

Doctors distinguish three degrees of myopia:

light (): up to -3 diopters;
average (second): from -3 to -6 diopters;
high (): over -6 diopters.

Accordingly, if, when checking refraction, the value falls between 3 and 6 diopters with a minus sign, we can talk about the diagnosis of “moderate myopia”.

Myopia during pregnancy

Myopia of the 2nd degree requires specialist supervision. As a rule, this degree of myopia does not impose restrictions on the method of delivery. But in practice, everything depends on the condition of the organ of vision and the presence of concomitant pathologies. For example, progressive myopia or retinal pathologies may cause a cesarean section. Therefore, expectant mothers with such visual impairment are recommended to visit an ophthalmologist three times during pregnancy:

upon registration;
in the middle of the term;
before childbirth.

The doctor will monitor the condition of the organ of vision, intraocular pressure, and make sure that there is no progression of average myopia, that no complications have arisen - for example, changes in the fundus. If everything is in order on the part of the ophthalmologist, the woman can give birth naturally without risk to her vision.

Myopia 2nd degree in children

In most cases, pathology such as myopia develops in childhood and adolescence. This is due both to the constant growth of the eyeball up to the age of 18, and to the very high visual loads that the child’s visual apparatus is forced to take on during schooling. Vision can begin to decline at 6-7 years of age and reach moderate or even high levels by adulthood. Without timely treatment, it can lead to the development of (lazy eye syndrome), strabismus and other complications.

If the disease develops in childhood or adolescence, the child must be constantly under the supervision of an ophthalmologist, undergoing examination at a frequency prescribed by the attending physician, usually twice a year. Timely correction, special eye exercises, and prescription of eye vitamins will help slow down and stop the progression of average myopia. Sometimes, to prevent a further decline in children's visual acuity, scleroplasty surgery is prescribed.

Can people with moderate myopia be recruited into the army?

As for military service, uncomplicated 2nd degree myopia is not a sufficient reason for a future defender of the fatherland to be declared unfit for military service. Conscripts with a refraction value from -3 to -6 diopters are assigned category B-3 - “fit with restrictions.” This means that the conscript will serve in certain types of troops and have restrictions on physical activity. People with moderate myopia will not be accepted into the Airborne Forces or border troops, but they will still have to serve.

Classification

Moderate myopia, in turn, is classified according to certain criteria in addition to the refraction value. It can be progressive or stationary, as well as complicated and uncomplicated.

The disease occurs in childhood and adolescence. This is due to the growth of the eyeball, and the cause of visual impairment may lie in heredity. After 18 years of age, the decline in visual acuity usually stops. There is also such a form of average myopia as malignant. In this case, the disease progresses rapidly and can reach a value of up to 30 diopters. But this condition is rare.

Myopia can be complicated by concomitant pathologies: combined with amblyopia, strabismus, keratoconus, retinal dystrophy and other disorders.

Causes

The reasons for the development of degree 2 myopia are different. Among them:

Hereditary factor: it has been proven that the presence of myopia in one or both parents significantly increases the risk of myopia in the child.
Work that requires increased visual strain, in particular, work at close distances with small objects - for example, the profession of a jeweler.
In childhood and adolescence, the disease is provoked by increased load on the visual organ at school, where the child constantly needs to strain his eyes, as well as by numerous gadgets that are available to children and so loved by them.
Poor visual hygiene: too much eye strain, reading and working in the wrong position, insufficient illumination of the workplace.
Poor nutrition: a lack of vitamins and minerals important for eye health can also cause the development of varying degrees of myopia.

Other causes may include traumatic brain and eye injuries, as well as certain serious illnesses, infections, and hormonal imbalances.

Symptoms

Moderate myopia is a noticeable visual impairment in which a person has difficulty seeing even not very distant objects, for example, those located at the other end of the room. This is the main symptom of myopia. The following phenomena may also be observed:

floaters and flashes before the eyes,
rapid eye fatigue,
dryness and burning of the cornea,
headaches,
noticeable deterioration in the ability to see at dusk.

In children, you should pay attention to the fact that the child begins to squint and move closer to the TV when watching programs. This suggests that it is worth having your vision checked by an ophthalmologist to determine the presence of myopia and to determine its degree.

Diagnostics

If symptoms of moderate myopia appear, you should be examined by an ophthalmologist. At the initial appointment, the doctor will measure the refraction value and check the condition of the patient’s cornea, lens, and retina. Diagnostic measures may include:

ophthalmoscopy,
fundus examination,
biomicroscopy,
refractometry.

If, according to the results of the examination, a myopia value of -3 to -6 diopters is detected in both eyes, the patient is diagnosed with “moderate myopia of both eyes.” Also, it can only be in one eye, and the degree of myopia in the two eyes can be different.

How to cure moderate myopia

Treatment of moderate myopia consists of the following measures:

selection of optical correction to restore quality of life: prescription of glasses or contact lenses;
prescribing maintenance drug therapy;
surgical treatment.

Glasses and contacts do not eliminate average myopia, but allow you to see surrounding objects clearly. If a person wants to completely get rid of poor vision, then, in the absence of contraindications, he can do this through surgery. The most popular method today is through photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or LASIK. The correction method is selected individually for each patient.

Optical correction of myopia

Myopia of the 2nd degree implies mandatory optical correction, since it creates serious inconvenience and imposes restrictions on lifestyle. For example, an adult cannot drive a car, a schoolchild cannot see what is written on the blackboard. Optical correction involves the use of lenses that will shift the eye's focus to the retina so that the image is clear.

It can be:

. The selection of glasses should be carried out by an ophthalmologist using special equipment and a table to determine visual acuity. You cannot select glasses on your own: this can lead to even more serious eye health problems.
. They also cannot be selected independently, even if the patient knows the number of diopters. Lenses also have other parameters that the specialist takes into account when selecting them.
Phakic lenses. These lenses are placed directly inside the eye.

Optical correction does not cure myopia, but eliminates its consequences during the period of using glasses or lenses, allowing you to clearly see all surrounding objects and drive a car.

Medication method

It is impossible to cure moderate myopia with medications, however, as part of complex therapy, the patient is prescribed special vitamins and vitamins that help:

relax the eye muscle;
strengthen the walls of the blood vessels of the eye;
activate blood circulation in the organs of vision;
improve the condition of the retina and nervous tissue of the eye.

The intake of substances important for eye health into the body is extremely important for any degree of myopia, as well as for preventing its occurrence.

Surgical methods of correction

Surgical treatment can be aimed at either stopping the progression of the disease or completely ridding the patient of it. It all depends on age, the presence of complications and the progression of myopia.

If the patient is under 18 years of age and vision is rapidly deteriorating, scleroplasty surgery is used. It helps stop the further development of the disease by strengthening the sclera.

Laser vision correction is an effective and safe way to restore ideal vision with moderate myopia. This method is used in persons over 18 years of age with stationary (non-progressive) average myopia. The laser changes the shape of the cornea so that the image of distant objects is focused on the retina. This is a simple operation with a short recovery period and highly stable results.

Contraindications

With myopia of varying severity, certain restrictions are imposed on the patient’s lifestyle: in particular, with moderate degree, it is necessary to exclude heavy sports (see) and jumping from heights. If there are no associated complications, physical activity may otherwise not be limited.

Prevention of myopia

Myopia is a disease that can easily progress, especially in childhood and adolescence. It can reach a high degree within a few years, so efforts should be made to prevent myopia starting at a young age. Mainly required:

organizing the correct regime of eye strain: avoid overstrain, take breaks from working at the computer every hour;
sufficient lighting of the workplace;
proper nutrition taking into account the daily need for vitamins;
performing special exercises to relax the eyes.

Useful video about the causes and treatment of myopia:

Deterioration of vision is a consequence of poor ecology, poor lifestyle and rapid technological progress. Moderate myopia is one of the most common diagnoses. Most often, the disease is diagnosed in childhood or youth. Older people rarely suffer from myopia. Myopia is a synonym for this ophthalmological disorder. If you do not consult an ophthalmologist in time, the disease will progress. Visual acuity is improved by wearing glasses or contact lenses. The only way to get rid of myopia forever is through surgery.

What is moderate myopia?

The eyes are the instrument of the visual system. A special center in the brain is responsible for image perception. In a person with good vision, rays of light are projected onto the center of the retina, refracted and transmitted to the brain. With myopia, the eyeball lengthens. Light rays do not reach the retina and are focused in front of it.

A person with second degree myopia sees well up close, but objects in the distance become blurry and appear unclear.

The eye muscles tense and stretch. This leads to a worsening of the condition.

The second degree of myopia is characterized by the presence of symptoms such as:

decreased visual acuity at dusk;
blurring of distant objects;
frequent migraines;
squinting your eyes to get a clear image;
increased tearfulness;
pain in the eyes and between the eyebrows.

To improve your visual acuity, it is important to understand what myopia is and why it occurs. Myopia is a refractive error. The disease occurs due to improper refraction of light rays. The visual muscles are in constant tension. The eye lengthens by 1–3 mm, turning from a sphere to an oval. To improve vision, ophthalmic exercises are prescribed. The exercises are aimed at relaxing and restoring the functionality of the eye muscles.

Myopia 2 degrees is a refractive error within the range of -3.25 to -6 diopters. With this disorder, a person has poor spatial orientation. He cannot distinguish the number of a vehicle, does not see letters at arm's length, and does not recognize familiar people on the street. Myopia of the 2nd degree must be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. Otherwise, the quality of life will deteriorate.

Hypertonicity of the eye muscles provokes damage to blood vessels and capillaries.

Frequent hemorrhages are noted. The condition of the fundus is deteriorating. Without treatment, complications arise. Retinal detachment is a dangerous consequence of advanced myopia. Dystrophic changes lead to blindness. To prevent this from happening, it is important to start treatment for moderate myopia on time. Therapy and correction are selected taking into account age and individual physiological factors. The ophthalmologist's task is to strengthen the blood vessels of the eye and prescribe glasses or contact lenses.

Drug therapy methods

Myopic people experience dry and itchy eyes. This occurs due to constant tension and frequent rubbing of the eyelids with fingers. Redness appears on the mucous membrane. My eyes start to hurt. To relax the visual organs, the ophthalmologist prescribes drops to the patient. Drug treatment does not eliminate the pathology, but only eliminates physical discomfort. However, this is also important.

Myopia 2 degrees is alleviated with the help of drugs such as:

Irifrin. The drops remove excess fluid and dilate the pupils, helping to relax the eye muscles. The medicine constricts blood vessels and strengthens the retina. The fundus of the eye receives all the necessary substances.
Ujala. The drug is intended to cleanse the lens and relieve tension. Potassium is the main component of the drops; it nourishes the eye structures at the cellular level. Regular use of the medicine helps cleanse blood vessels and capillaries.
Taufon. Drops based on sulfur and amino acids improve metabolic processes and promote rapid tissue regeneration. The drug is effective in stages 1 and 2 of myopic disorder.
Vita-Iodurol. These are universal eye drops. They are rich in minerals and trace elements. The drug is prescribed to children with caution.
Emoxipin. The drug protects the cornea and strengthens the retina. It contains a complex of antioxidants and is prescribed to improve the vascular system of the visual organs.

If myopia progresses, the doctor prescribes vitamin drops. The following drugs are effective:

Quinax;
Visiomax;
Riboflavin;
Aquadetrim;
Okovit;
Focus V.

If it is necessary to relieve inflammation or examine the fundus of the eye, the doctor prescribes Tropicamide. For children under 6 years of age, the medicine is dripped in the presence of an ophthalmologist, since the active substance has a strong effect on the nervous system. It is important to correctly calculate the dosage to avoid negative consequences.

Drops are an additional method of therapy.

The main treatment is to use correction and perform eye exercises. Myopia can be treated with drops only with the permission of an ophthalmologist. Incorrect selection and dosage of medication can negatively affect the functioning of the visual organs.

Optical correction of moderate myopia

You can improve your visual acuity with glasses or contact lenses. This is optical correction. This method is completely safe and suitable for people of all ages. The use of medical accessories will not eliminate the pathology, but will only improve the clarity of the visible image. This will have a positive effect on the functioning of the eye muscles, since they will relax while using the correction.

Moderate myopia in both eyes is corrected with glasses with diverging lenses that have minus values. The thickness of the glass depends on the number of diopters. The more advanced the pathology, the thicker the lenses in the glasses. Glasses that correct myopia visually make the eyes smaller. Glasses are prescribed by an ophthalmologist for constant wear. A person puts them on in the morning and takes them off just before bed.

People with stage 2 disease find it more convenient to use contact lenses. Therapeutic accessories are made of hypoallergenic material, so they are comfortable to wear. Lenses for myopia correction also have minus indicators and are divergent. People with hypersensitive mucous membranes of the eyes are recommended to wear glasses.

Contact lenses can cause the development of conjunctivitis.

The correction method is selected only by an ophthalmologist. The doctor examines the patient, diagnoses the degree of deviation and writes a prescription for glasses or contact lenses. You won’t be able to choose a corrective accessory on your own. The patient goes to the optician with a prescription for glasses. Contact lenses can be purchased at a regular pharmacy.

Laser correction and ophthalmic surgery

Myopia of the 2nd degree can be completely cured with laser. The procedure is modern, safe and effective. It allows the patient to return 100% visibility. Laser correction has age restrictions; it is performed on people from 18 to 40 years old. This is explained by the fact that before adulthood, the visual organs are still being formed. After 40 years, laser correction of myopia can have the opposite effect, with myopia turning into farsightedness.

The essence of the procedure is to change the shape of the cornea. The top layer is cut off with a laser, forming something like a minus lens. A flat cornea scatters light rays better, and the image is projected clearly onto the retina. There are several types of laser correction. The most expensive method is distinguished by its ability to adapt to the individual physiological characteristics of the patient. This is necessary in case of serious congenital pathologies. For ordinary myopia, a standard laser correction procedure is suitable.

Progressive moderate myopia is a dangerous pathology, which is recommended to be corrected with the help of ophthalmic surgery. This method is used in cases where the degree of impairment exceeds -20 diopters. The operation is complex and requires a long rehabilitation period.

The natural lens is replaced by an artificial one.

Sometimes a corneal layer is transplanted. An IOL or phakic lens is implanted into the eye. Ophthalmic surgery is a good alternative to laser correction. The cost of such an operation depends on the stage of the disease, the popularity of the clinic and the reputation of the attending physician.