They still don't subside. Esotericism - secret knowledge or pseudoscience? - That is, you think everything is fine with him and his soul doesn’t hurt

Still
The controversy surrounding the figure of Ilya Ilyich continues
Oblomov, which began at the moment of appearance
works in 1859. Some have seen and see
in him a sage and a contemplator, a man with
kind “dove” heart. Others before
in total N.A. Dobrolyubov, noted “laziness and
apathy” of Oblomov, his public
uselessness and worthlessness. With a light hand
criticism the concept of “Oblomovism” has become
common noun.

himself
the author was not satisfied with both positions. He was
upset that no one linked the images
works into “one whole”, no one could
read the novel “between the lines.”
Goncharov was waiting for a reader capable
understand all the pros and cons,
say something weighty, but calm and
an impartial word about the hero.

In the young
for years Oblomov wanted to lead the life of artists and
poets. His motto was the saying: “All
life is thought and work.” However this
desire, like many others, “incomprehensible
somehow went out”: Oblomov plunged into the “swamp”,
sank to the “bottom” of the thoughtless
existence. “Oblomovshchina” - such
Stolz diagnoses his friend, and
according to him, Ilya Ilyich is not capable
throw off the “robe” from your shoulders, especially with
mind and soul.

All this is true.
And yet, Oblomov’s spiritual biography
cannot be represented only as a process
gradual and steady decay
personality, loss of inner core.
Oblomov is, in his own way, an integral nature, which
precisely in its integrity and lack of relevance to “others”
opposes both Stolz and the masses
businessmen, careerists, opportunists, “tormentors”,
dissatisfied, constantly fussing,
annoying with importunity and unjustified
demanding.

In the novel
Goncharov has a noticeably Gogolian beginning. Ilya
Ilyich is most similar to Manilov: dreams,
dreams, elementary desires. But there is one thing
an important difference that does not allow
identify characters: in Oblomov
there is no complacency at all -
faithful and main feature vulgarity. Certainly,
Oblomov once prepared himself for the role of a creator.
He did not become a creator, but he did not become
a weak-willed executor of someone else's thoughts.

According to
Ilya Ilyich, in society there are no “interests of the mind,
hearts, there is no universal sympathy.” May be,
unconsciously the hero said
a word that gives the key to understanding it
life position. IN modern language"sympathy"
- synonymous with the concepts of “sympathy”, “attraction”,
"empathy". However, in Tolkovoy
Dictionary” by V.I. Dahl in the explanation are given
epithets: “unaccountable love”, “causeless
attraction to another." Not love is passion, not
love, rationally explainable, but something
higher, coming from the inner
unaccountable heartfelt impulses, not
mind-controlled feeling lies in
the basis of the character's worldview. Characteristic
example: discussing with one of my friends
former colleagues. “He’s a good guy!” -
Oblomov speaks about one of them and immediately
adds: “Very kind...” And further
definitions are selected in increasing order: “Wonderful
man!.. Great man!”

Skilled
love others with the fullness of your goodness
hearts, Oblomov left in the hearts
of the people who came into contact with him there was no trace of anything
demanding, outwardly weak-willed, but in reality
a matter of selfless love. Significant
in this regard, the fate of Agafya Matveevna,
who became a landowner, Mrs. Oblomova.
After her husband's death she was still “alive
pendulum” in the house: she kept house, watered
tea and coffee for everyone, sheathed, looked after
laundry, children, cook, janitor,
tried to please my brother and his capricious
wife. “But why is that so?” - asks
Goncharov. What made her, independent and
in need of nothing, take over

Ilya Ilyich
died without pain and suffering: as if
the clock stopped and they forgot to wind it
the day before. His body, Goncharov clarifies,
rests in the nearby cemetery under
a modest urn, between the bushes, “in the quiet”,
“It seems that the angel of silence himself is guarding his sleep.”

Sudden
death without suffering is unique
a reward for a soul that is pure, “like crystal.” But
after all, this is also death without repentance, without
last critical glance
for the past years, without summing up
earthly existence. “No one has seen the last
his minutes, I didn’t hear his dying groan.”

Arises
truly ambiguous situation: for Ilya
Ilyich, who lived quietly and unnoticed, “easy”
death is, of course, a blessing. But for a person
as a rational being, carrying
responsibility for the state of the world is not
a way out, not an excuse.

Scientists
there is a lot of debate about the origin of the surname
character. According to the original Russian tradition
the hero received it from the family estate
Oblomovki, whose name is more
partly traced back to the word “fragment”: fragment
old way of life, patriarchal Rus'.
There is another interpretation: in folk
in fairy tales the concept is often found: “dream-oblomon”,
which enchants a person, as it were
crushes him with a gravestone, dooming him
to a slow, gradual decline.

“Oblomovshchina”
- the dream of the active inner “I”, which can
to strike everyone who has not developed within themselves
moral and psychological antidote.

Possessing
enormous power of generalization, the image of Oblomov
refers to “eternal” images not only
Russian, but also world literature.

Choice
Major Marchenko

Leonid BOGDANOV,
journalist

Disputes about
reasons for the defeat of the Nazis and
our victory. Many in the West
They consider it a great miracle
inexplicable from the point of view
common sense though
the balance of forces in which
began something unprecedented in history
war. Unprecedented in quantity
armed forces participating in it
people, saturation of armies of combat
technology and mutual
bitterness.

However, when
Soviet soldiers did not lose all that,
in my opinion, the most important thing
qualities: humanity. Ultimately
In the end, this made them Winners.
I'll give you a short episode, but
which manifests the essence
Soviet warrior. Unfortunately, I
I found out about it after it was published
my book "In Fire and Glory"
- about the feat of arms of warriors
the famous Irkutsk division -
and therefore did not use it in it.
However, this episode should not
remain in the journalistic archive.

Happened
it's at the very end of summer forty
first. Our troops are forced
were leaving. Waging fierce battles,
units of the Irkutsk division also retreated,
who fought in those days in the Azov region. AND
although never before have the Nazis
were able to break through the fighting
the orders of this connection came
departure order. Somewhere else
the enemy managed to achieve
success, and the command, fearing
no matter how the division turned out to be
cut off from the main forces and
pressed to the sea, took her to
new frontiers.

In one of
such waste artillery regiment commander
division Major Marchenko with two
the last guns passed through
central estate of the state farm
"News". It was deserted
as if everyone had died out. Only a couple
village dogs not used to
the roar of car engines,
jumped out of the gateway and barking
rushed next to the strained rumbling
trucks. Seeing the street
well, the major ordered
stay. Coming out of the cabin, he
looked into the back, where the shells
tired soldiers sat in the boxes. More
about two hours ago they were driving
artillery duel and forced
silence the enemy forever
battery. Of course it was possible
not easy: lost the gun, died
there is a calculation next to her. Yes, and on many of them
those who were now in the bodies
cars, white gauze
bandages. More from civilian experience
war major knew how the wounded wanted
drink. After the heat of battle and this
damn sunshine in the middle
How could I have survived the day?
Anyone even need a flask of water?!

- Fast,
guys, rinse off and refuel
water! - he ordered. - Through
We will continue moving for ten minutes.

Major himself
dropped the gymnastics and went to
well from which the driver
already pulled out the head car
tub.

- Go ahead, Fedya!
- said the major and substituted his
sweaty body under a cool stream.

Having closed my eyes
eyes and snorting cheerfully,
rinsed off and gave way
to the next one. One of the artillerymen
carefully handed him a towel.
While drying himself, the major felt
someone else's gaze. U
I saw a small road ditch
dark-eyed dark woman. About eight years old
not more. She wasn't looking at
age seriously. And having met
with her gaze, the major felt
feeling a little awkward. He
hastily pulled on his tunic,
fairly reddened by the sun.
For some reason he winked at the girl,
asked:

- Where are you from
got it, you little girl?

- From there, - and
the girl pointed to the fence. AND
only now the major saw behind
there are several dozen children's fences
heads and many, many eyes. All
they looked at him carefully.
We watched in silence, nothing was heard
no childish squeals, no laughter. Must
maybe this made the major feel somehow
uncomfortable.

- Whose are you? —
he asked the girl dully.

—
Orphanages.

Somewhere from
the depths of the yard, where one could see
outbuildings, jumped out
a young woman on the street
white blouse.

- Tanyusha! —
She addressed the girl sternly. —
Who gave you permission to go?
go out?!

- But I’m not on
road,” she objected. - I'm nearby.

Raising
eyes on the major, she hurriedly
asked:

- Uncle,
commander, don’t leave us to the fascists.

After a lot
years, remembering this story,
retired colonel Ivan
Illarionovich Marchenko, cavalier
ten military orders, said that
he then felt goosebumps
ran down my back. Without knowing that
answer and what to do,
attacked the teacher:
“Why didn’t they evacuate the orphanage?
Don't you understand that through
will be here for a few hours
Germans?"

It turned out,
they have been evacuated for a long time, from under
Nikolaev. Here at the state farm
temporary stop. Just yesterday
cars were supposed to arrive with them, but
That's why they still aren't there.

Marchenko
I remembered the charred skeletons
cars on the roads, and he realized
that the orphanages will no longer wait
your transport.

In front of him
the question arose: what to do? Give away
cars for children and take them away
from an approaching front or,
following a combat order, follow
to the line of new defense? At the end
after all, this story with his orphanage
did not touch directly. And for
a military man's order is
An order must be carried out.

Here I have to
say a little about Ivan
Illarionovich. It was a man
unusual fate. As a teenager he
participated in civil war on
Kuban. He went to a full-fledged fighter
"Red Troops". That's what he called it
this operation in his story
Dmitry Furmanov, author widely
famous novel "Chapaev". IN
as part of the strike force
Marchenko then landed in the rear
to the troops of General Wrangel
Laying down. The fights were for life or
death. The paratroopers did their job
task, and Ulagai was defeated.

Right after
those busy days commissioner
airborne detachment Dmitry Furmanov
and gave Ivan a recommendation for the party,
sent to study. Graduated from Marchenko
Kremlin school named after the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, and
later artillery courses
commanders Great Patriotic War
I met him already as an artillery regiment commander
Irkutsk four times awarded the order
rifle division on the border
Prut River. About his fearlessness and
courage will write to the military
many years at the front
correspondents and more than one page in
book "Caucasian Notes"
Vitaly Zakrutkin will dedicate it to him. But
all this will happen a little later, and then...

- Then I
I was tormented, not knowing what to do, -
recalled Ivan Illarionovich. —
Somehow they came to mind
parting words from Furmanov,
which I never forgot:
"Think less about yourself, about others -
more. So go through life. Never
you can't go wrong"… So I gave it
order: "Unhitch the guns. Occupy
defense!" We loaded them onto the vehicles
orphanages and their meager belongings, and
I sent them to the nearest city
Mariupol, punishing Feda the driver:
"Immediately back, nowhere
lingering."

The night has passed
restless: everyone was waiting for them to appear
"Hans". And at dawn they returned
cars and gunners soon
found themselves in the family's favor
divisions. Divisional commander Goncharov, then still
Colonel, greeted Marchenko gloomily:

- Where are you
disappeared? A regiment without a commander is
is it order?

I had to
explain what delayed the regiment commander.
Goncharov listened in silence, only
drummed his fingers on the table. Loyal
a sign that the division commander is thinking.
He also had to make his own
choice.

Michael
Dmitrievich Goncharov was old
servant. Started military service
even under the tsar, participated in the first
imperialist. In rank
The lieutenant commanded the company. After
served in the Red Army for twenty years
Army, became division commander, but
was repressed. Just before
was released during the war, and already in
battles again took over the division. Total
a little over a month ago. And that's why
he simply could not pass by
violation of discipline, whatever it is
motivated.

Finally,
Goncharov stopped drumming
fingers, he found a solution and stood up
from the table.

— Major
Marchenko! - the division commander said sternly. —
For late execution
I announce to you a combat order
rebuke.

- Eat,
rebuke! - the major responded quickly. —
May I go?

- Wait,
- Goncharov stopped him. - Behind
evacuation of the orphanage from under the nose
I bring out the enemy on behalf of your service,
Ivan Illarionovich, thanks.

He chewed
lips as if about to say
something else, but then he waved his hand and
hugged Marchenko tightly.

- Now
go, major...

Eventually
I succeeded in a long search
establish: children from orphanages were taken from
Mariupol to the Saratov region.
There they lived safely until
end of the war. Colonel M.D. Goncharov
became a general, was deputy
commander of the 2nd Guards
tank army, died already on
territory of Germany, but the tankers
buried him in his native land - in
Brest.

And Ivan
Illarionovich survived the hardest
injury, death of the son-lieutenant,
raids behind enemy lines and courageously
reached Victory.

IN scientific world Controversy is quite common, and archeology is no exception. Archaeological finds often provide a lot of contradictions, and serious scientific disputes flare up around them.
Such amazing archaeological artifacts will be discussed in this review.

1. Bust of Nefertiti

Since the bust of Nefertiti was found in Egypt by German archaeologists in 1912, there has been much debate about its return to Egypt and even its authenticity. Today the bust is kept in Berlin, but even more than a century later, controversy continues.

2. Spanish Hill

3. Temple of Tikal

4. Grolier Code

5. Treasure hunt

6. Piri Reis Map

7. Baghdad Battery

8. Skull No. 5

9. Cyrus cylinder

10. Atlantis

11. Stonehenge

12. Monte Verde, Chile

13. Sandia Cave

14. Nazca Lines

15. White Shaman's Rock

In the West, controversy over John Lennon is still raging. Some consider him a monster, others almost a messenger of God on earth. So who is he?

Group of military personnel, Murmansk

TODAY he would be 48 years old. Who knows what he could have done in the years since his death? Lennon already managed to do a lot: his songs are still popular all over the world. And in the new documentary Imagine: John Lennon, released in late 1988, Lennon is portrayed not only as an outstanding musician, but also as a loving husband and a father as well as a community activist.

At the same time, Albert Goldman's book "The Lives of John Lennon" appeared on US store shelves. In it, John is depicted as a hopeless drug addict, just like his wife Yoko Ono, a homosexual, a scoundrel who hates his son Sean, and even... a murderer. This interpretation of Lennon’s life caused an explosion of public indignation; almost all reputable Western publications published materials refuting the main provisions of the book.

A SIMPLE GUY FROM LIVERPOOL

John Winston Lennon was born on October 9, 1940 in Liverpool, from early childhood he was distinguished by an extremely capricious character, and was known as a hooligan and bully. At the same time, little Lennon drew with pleasure and did well, and wrote poetry secretly from everyone. While still at school, John created his own group, “Quarrimen,” and began performing with it at weddings and holidays.

Participation in the group was not a particularly serious activity for all participants, and for Lennon too. The situation changed only after Lennon met fourteen-year-old Paul McCartney on June 15, 1956 - this, in fact, became the starting point for the work of the Beatles.

Much has already been written about the “Beatles” period of Lennon and the Beatles themselves, and in some detail.

If we talk about his participation in the group, we can say that, in principle, he was perceived by the majority not as John Lennon, but as John Beatle: although he wrote most of the lyrics to their songs, his own voice did not sound so clearly .

In 1966, the Beatles, tired of endless touring and Beatlemania, announced the end of their concert activities. That same year, Lennon, wandering through London art galleries between recordings, met the Japanese avant-garde artist Yoko Ono.

WITH YOKO ONO

At one time, both John and Yoko themselves assured that the Beatles would have broken up sooner or later, nevertheless, to this day many blame Ono for the collapse of the group. According to Lennon, getting to know her and her art gave him new strength; he felt that he had become too calm and ordinary. And he firmly decided to leave the Beatles.

During that period, his social position began to emerge more and more clearly. In 1966, Lennon starred in the anti-war film “How I Won the War”, in 1967 he recorded the song “All You Need is Love”, and a year later - “Revolution”. This period was full of various and sometimes contradictory events.

Judge for yourself: John and Yoko release the album "Two Virgins", on the cover of which they are depicted completely naked, but after it there appears a recording of the song "Give Peace a Chance", which became the anthem of the anti-war movement.

In October 1968, they were arrested by the police for smoking Indian hemp, and in the same year Lennon returned the Order of the British Empire (Order of the British Empire), which had once been given to him as a member of the Beatles, to the Queen of England as a sign of protest against the involvement of Great Britain to events in Nigeria - Biafra and against British aid to the United States in Vietnam. During their honeymoon, the couple staged a so-called “demonstration for peace in bed.”

Here's how John himself described it: "We were at the Hilton Hotel in Amsterdam. About 50 or 60 newspaper men were crammed into our room, they all expected us to make love for the sake of peace in front of them. But we just sat on beds in pajamas and repeated: “Peace be with you, brother.”

In 1971, Lennon moved to New York, where he became close to leftist groups. The FBI begins to follow him, the authorities, sensing who they have acquired in the person of the “ex-Beatle”, for a long time deny John a so-called “green card”, which gives the right to reside in the USA, free entry and exit from the country.

Lennon is actively involved in the fight, fighting with the authorities not only for a visa, but also for women’s rights, American Indians and blacks, dedicates songs to the patriots of Northern Ireland, Angela Davis.

On October 9, 1975, the couple had a son, Sean, and Lennon practically disappeared from the scene, devoting all his time and energy to raising the child. Only 5 years later John began recording a new album, “Double Fantasy”. The work went extremely well, John was full of strength and energy. But... Late in the evening of December 8, 1980, John Lennon, as usual, was returning from the studio to the Dakota Hotel, where he lived. As he was already climbing the steps, they called out to him. Lennon turned around, and at that second 5 shots rang out. We waited for an ambulance for a long, long time. John Lennon died in Yoko's arms on the way to the hospital. The killer turned out to be a mentally deranged guy who suffered from delusions of grandeur.

WHO IS HE: AN ICON OR A MAN?

Every year, thousands of young and not so young people come to one of the corners of Central Park in New York called "Strawberry Fields" (the name of an orphanage in Liverpool, as well as one of John's songs) to honor the memory of the musician.

It is precisely against such admiration that, according to its author, the book “The Lives of John Lennon,” which was mentioned at the beginning of the article, is directed. Okay, Goldman didn't like John Lennon, but why write a lie - this question was asked by such major magazines as Rolling Stone and Newsweek, which conducted independent investigations.

It turned out that Albert Goldman did not approach McCartney, Harrison, Starr, Yoko or any of Lennon's close friends for information. Absolutely all of his informants are more than suspicious, one of them was even accused at one time of stealing John’s diaries. In addition, the book is replete with all sorts of inaccuracies and factual errors.

The question arises: why is the fate of a man who was neither a great politician nor a head of state, but was just a singer and musician, still the object of everyone’s attention?

Apparently because John Lennon represents the whole era of the 60s, its culture, its meaning. This is for some. For others, as in the case of Goldman, he is a bundle of vices.

Where is the truth? “But the truth is his music. Go and listen to his songs,” Newsweek ends the article. “A man who has long been unable to speak on his own behalf continues to sing...”