Identify the disease by symptoms online. Free online diagnostics for parents of a sick child. How to identify signs of a person’s illness by looking at their faces

In ancient times, healers did not have ultrasound machines, tonometers or laboratories, and healers determined the disease by the appearance of the patient. How to self-diagnosis the body yourself and consult a doctor at an early stage of the disease? Master class from Ladies' Cocktail.

Skin self-diagnosis.

Complexion. Let's soberly assess the color of your skin. If she is blue-pale, you are clearly anemic. A yellowish tint and a network of capillaries on the face indicate an excessive load on the liver or smoking abuse. Grayish skin in heart patients and cancer patients, a red face is a sign of problems with blood pressure. Flabby skin becomes due to disorders in the intestines, and prematurely old due to diseases of the thyroid gland. Yellowish-brown spots on the face are caused by kidney pathology, and light pigmentation is caused by pregnancy.

Facial zones. Take a closer look, it seems like your temples have become sunken... Should you run to get some sleep, or are you going to exhaust your precious body to the limit? Pimple on your nose? It’s possible, of course, that you have a secret admirer, but on top of that you also have problems with your pancreas. A rash on the forehead is a sign of problems with the intestines, on the temples - a sign of problems with the gallbladder. A pimple on the chin signals the imminent onset of menstruation; constant rashes on the chin are a sign of gynecological diseases. You can judge your metabolism by looking at your cheeks. A slow metabolism is “read” by chubby cheeks, an accelerated one – by sunken ones.

Hair and nails.

Nowadays there are so many professional cosmetics for hair and nails that it would seem elementary to solve any problem associated with them. No, no and NO! No amount of cosmetics, even the most expensive, will help if you do not cure the true cause. How to determine this reason? Take a close look at your hair and nails.

Hair loss . A problem familiar to many. Strengthening shampoo will not help. It's all about sharply decreased immunity. This may be due to seasonal vitamin deficiency or a previous illness. In this case, you should take a good multivitamin complex, increase the amount of vegetables, liver, fish and dairy products in your diet. And the main thing is to be less nervous!

Dandruff . An equally common problem. It itself is a disease - seborrhea, but occurs when there are disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. So, in addition to a good anti-dandruff remedy, try examining the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, drink decoctions of cleansing herbs, review the menu.

Weak hair . Does your hair break a lot? Does the comb leave a decent amount of hair on it every time? Why? Vitamin deficiency or metabolic disorder. The solution is to take a vitamin complex, lead a healthy lifestyle, and eat right. Hair becomes dry with kidney disease, oily with problems with the endocrine system.

Spots and grooves on nails . They do not appear as a gift, as we used to think. They reflect our digestion. White spots are witnesses to the abuse of sweets, lack of calcium, yellow spots are a sign of a violation of fat metabolism. Longitudinal grooves on the nails appear in a person with an incorrect, unbalanced diet, while transverse grooves appear when there is a sudden change in menu components (for example, after a long trip). If such “signals” appear, do not ignore them. Review your diet, arrange a “fasting day”. Do not abuse flour and alcohol.

Nail color and surface . If you have brittle nails, your body does not have enough calcium and vitamin A. A flat or concave nail plate is an iron deficiency. Whitish nails become with anemia, bright pink with hypertension, bluish with heart disease, and yellow with liver disease. By the way, Chinese doctors considered nails to be a mirror of the whole body, especially those on the feet. So take a closer look.

Your nose.

The nose also has “problems”. Let's learn how to decipher them.

Bridge of the nose. If you have a swollen nose bridge, this indicates inflammation in the nasal cavity or the formation of polyps. A transverse wrinkle on the bridge of the nose is a sign of thyroid disorders.

Wings of the nose. Blue-red wings of the nose are a signal of impaired blood circulation. Thick and pale wings are signs of lung disease, and are often found in smokers.

Color. A red nose with a network of blood vessels occurs in hypertensive patients, a bluish nose occurs in people suffering from hypotension. A constantly red or brownish nose indicates chronic stomach diseases or alcoholism.

Other. People suffering from heart disease have a deep and elongated nasolabial fold. The tip of the nose indicates heart disease. If it is white, contact a cardiologist; you probably have problems with the body’s main pump.

The tongue is not silent!

In a healthy person, the tongue is pale pink with an even longitudinal fold and normally pronounced papillae. If you experience any deviations from this norm, urgently find out the reason. Diagnosis should be carried out on an empty stomach, preferably in the morning.

Tongue zones. Tip shows the condition of your lungs. Any changes in this area indicate disorders of the respiratory system, and if they occur, seriously think about quitting smoking. The central part is a mirror of the condition of the stomach and spleen. The root of the tongue shows the condition of the kidneys, and the lateral edges show the condition of the liver and gall bladder.

Longitudinal fold. It reflects the condition of the spine. If this fold bends in the center, this is a sign of curvature of the spine or osteochondrosis in the lumbar region, if at the edge - in the cervical region. In this case, change your daily routine, start doing exercises and try to move more and sit less.

Raid. Very high quality indicator. A white, dense coating occurs when there are disorders in the intestines (constipation, poisoning). A yellow coating “signals” about malfunctions of the gallbladder. A dryish coating occurs when the body is dehydrated, and a black coating occurs when there are chronic, very serious changes in the functioning of the liver and gall bladder.

Cracks in the tongue. Such “signs” appear in various diseases of the blood and endocrine system. Usually, some taste qualities are lost, i.e. you stop feeling salty, sweet, sour or bitter. This situation requires serious examination. As soon as you notice cracks, hurry to the doctor!

Teeth prints in the language along the edges appear when the body is slagging. Take a course of hydrocollon therapy, or drink decoctions of St. John's wort and nettle - this will cleanse the body of toxins. If teeth imprints appear on the front edge of the tongue, you begin to experience neurosis and the stronger the imprints, the more serious the situation.

A little about color. As mentioned above, the tongue of a healthy person should be pink. The tongue turns red not only at elevated temperatures, but also with coronary heart disease. The darker the shade of red, the more dangerous the disease. A whitish tongue occurs with anemia, exhaustion of the body, a bluish tongue occurs with cardiovascular diseases. A yellowish color indicates excess bile or liver problems. You can even identify cancer diseases by your tongue. A smooth red surface of the tongue occurs with cancer or severe forms of intestinal dysfunction.

I think it’s not worth repeating that when identifying such symptoms, there is no need to abuse self-medication. Consult a doctor, and during self-diagnosis you will already decide which one, confirm the diagnosis and begin treatment immediately.

I have a stomachache?

If you have a stomach ache, especially periodically, do not rush to take painkillers. The thing is that our internal organs are penetrated by a network of pain receptors, and their irritation signals the brain about certain problems through pain.

Lower abdominal pain - a signal about a disturbance in the functioning of the genitourinary system. You may be dealing with inflammation (aching pain and twitching), infectious diseases (tingling, sharp pain when urinating), or gynecological diseases (intermittent or constant nagging pain). In women, this may be a signal of disease of the appendages, in men - of the prostate gland.

Pain in the upper abdomen indicates problems with the stomach or pancreas. Perhaps this is simple overeating, or a consequence of eating fatty foods. But if the pain recurs several times, consult a doctor and undergo a gastrointestinal tract diagnosis.

Pain under the ribs on the left - most likely this is intestinal colic, but if pain in the right hypochondrium, you are dealing with liver or gallbladder problems.

Acute pain in the lower abdomen on right (less often on the left) is a sign of appendicitis. We advise you to call an ambulance. For those suffering from intestinal ulcers, such pain may indicate an exacerbation of the disease.

In any of these cases, do not delay visiting your doctor. By taking a pill, you will relieve the pain, but the cause of its occurrence will not go away. And remember, a disease at an early stage can be treated easier and more successfully.

Self-diagnosis based on other symptoms.

Lips and teeth. So, take a good look at your lips. If they are dry, you are dehydrated, try to drink more fluids. Try pinching your wrist; if you become dehydrated, your skin will take a long time to return to normal. Pale lips indicate low hemoglobin, bluish lips indicate cardiac abnormalities. Light brown spots on the lips are indicators of poor digestion. Cracks in the corners of the mouth appear due to hypovitaminosis or kidney disease. By the way, if the corners of your lips suddenly droop, you are on the verge of depression.

Now it's time for the teeth. White, “Hollywood” teeth are rare and, by the way, not in completely healthy people. If your teeth are cream-colored, you have a normal fluoride balance and strong tooth enamel. Colored spots on the teeth are a signal of an imbalance in the microflora of the oral cavity and a good reason to visit the dentist! But darkening of teeth can be caused by long-term use of antibiotics. Well, other dental problems are a matter for a knowledgeable dentist.

Pulse. Only specialists in oriental medicine can conduct a complete pulse diagnosis. We will simply measure it in a state of complete rest. Men measure their pulse on their right hand, women - on their left. If the measurement result is more than 60 but less than 90, you are absolutely healthy. After a couple of squats and a subsequent three-minute break, the norm is 135 beats per minute. If your heart rate is higher than these indicators, try to lead an active lifestyle, take walks in the fresh air. If the norms are greatly exceeded, contact a cardiologist or therapist and get examined to see if you have diseases of the nervous or cardiovascular system.

Reading in the eyes. It is believed that only sincere people look their interlocutor in the eyes. Let's go to the mirror and look into our own eyes. The hated bags under the eyes, which indicate fatigue, signal us about problems with the kidneys and bladder. Don’t try to hide them, it’s better to drink a diuretic and reduce your salt intake. But if your upper eyelids swell, you are about to experience depression. Take a quick rest both mentally and physically. And be sure to give your body a break: stop being nervous, get a good night’s sleep, balance your menu. Yellowish whites indicate liver disease, sharp yellowing is a sign of jaundice. In this case, immediately consult a doctor! Narrow pupils in normal lighting occur in a person who is exhausted from pain. Note to vigilant parents - narrow pupils also occur when taking psychotropic drugs, drug addicts and, along with redness of the whites of the eyes, after “smoking weed.” Stay alert. If, when you pull back your eyelid, the area underneath appears pale, your hemoglobin is low; if the whites of the eyes are bluish, there is high blood pressure. In the latter case, do not overuse coffee. And to increase hemoglobin, eat oatmeal, legumes and liver.

It takes five minutes to complete such a self-diagnosis. But you will be able to identify your ailments, find out the true causes of cosmetic defects and begin to fight diseases. Be sure to visit an experienced doctor. He will confirm or refute your diagnosis, and also recommend effective medications for treatment.

The presented online service “Diagnosis by Symptoms” of diseases operates on the principle of an intelligent medical reference book, indicating to the doctor possible options for diagnosing diseases. The operating principle compares the symptoms of diseases selected for a given patient and the symptoms of diseases in the directory database. A list of 589 symptoms allows you to convey in detail the clinical picture of the patient.

The list of 330 diseases describes all segments of practical medicine. As a result of the differential diagnosis, the doctor receives a list of disease diagnoses that are possible in the presence of a selected combination of symptoms, in which the disease diagnoses are sorted in descending order of probability.

An online diagnostic reference book for general practitioners, with elements of differential diagnosis of diseases, is intended for use by practicing physicians in clinics, emergency departments of hospitals and for doctors treating patients in hospitals. It can also be used as a teaching tool for diagnosing diseases in the training of students of medical institutes.

Selecting symptoms and performing analysis

Questions and answers about the service

Question:Hello, I am 18 years old, lately it has been very difficult to breathe (when inhaling) - it especially gets worse when lying down; constant yawning and feeling tired; The heartbeat is also very noticeable. What could it be?

Answer: There can be many reasons. You need an in-person consultation with a doctor for examination and examination.

Question:Hello! My mom's throat is on fire. And when it burns very strongly, a little blood appears. What could it be? ENT also had pharyngitis. The gastroenterologist diagnoses pancogastritis. They've been treating me for two months, but there's no point. Could these diagnoses cause blood during intense burning? Or maybe tell me something else. Thank you.

Question:Hello. Every evening I start with a sharp spasm in the lower back, nausea rises up and sudden vomiting of gastric juice begins. what could it be?

Answer: You need a face-to-face consultation with a therapist to prescribe the necessary examination.

Question:Hello! I am 28 years old. A month ago I had a stomach ache. Now severe diarrhea has begun. Sometimes even vomiting. The pain intensifies after eating. She didn't take any medications.

Answer: Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: gastritis, stomach ulcers, cholecystitis, etc. You need to be examined by a gastroenterologist.

Question:Can there be heaviness in the stomach and pain during abdominal pain?

Answer: This is possible, but cardiovascular and neurological signs are decisive.

Question:Hello! I have a formation on my gum with a white spot (hardens over time, and then softens again). Doesn't hurt, doesn't interfere. I consulted with many people, they say it’s a cyst. But I can’t rely only on the opinions of friends, can you tell me what it could be?

Answer: Only a dentist can answer this question during an in-person consultation.

Question:Hello. 10 days ago, while playing football, I collided with an opponent and was hit in the head. I went to the hospital about the injury, and they took an x-ray. They wrote that there was a bruise of the soft tissues of the frontal part. My head still hurts, less so, but it still hurts, which prevents me from working fully. What to do in such a situation?

Question:Hello, I’m 12, everything was fine with my health, but when I woke up last week, a lot of health problems appeared, a sore throat, temperature jumps up to (39 degrees), drool became stickier and thicker, my neck started to hurt when I get up from the couch within the first 2-3 seconds there is a sharp pain in my head, the medications hardly help. Make a diagnosis if possible, and whether it can be cured.

Answer: The cause of your condition can be many diseases (from the flu to more dangerous ones), so we recommend that you undergo a full medical examination. Start with a therapist.

Question:Hello, I have small blisters on my tongue at the base and sides, also a small white coating at the base of the tongue, itching on the tongue.

Answer: Possibly fungal stomatitis. Contact your dentist in person.

Dear Parents!

Have you noticed that your child is getting sick, that he has some painful symptoms that worry you? But you are not a doctor and you yourself cannot make at least a preliminary diagnosis, and, therefore, you do not know which specialist should show your child. Meanwhile, often even seemingly harmless symptoms that appear in a child can serve as the first sign of a rather serious illness.

We invite you to our system for preliminary diagnosis of your child’s illness (free online diagnosis). You are offered a list of symptoms, which is divided into subsections according to the localization of the symptom. Carefully reviewing the list, note the symptoms that you currently observe in your child. But we warn you: do not mark all the symptoms in a row, since our system has a limit on the number of main symptoms for each disease and may accidentally leave out the most important symptoms. In this case, the preliminary diagnosis “online diagnosis of diseases based on symptoms” will be made incorrectly.

In addition, for each disease, especially in an acute form, there are main (dominant) symptoms. But side symptoms may also occur, such as headache or stomach pain with the flu. This is just one example. That is, one child will show side symptoms, but the other will not. Let us also note that in a number of acute diseases, not all symptoms, even the dominant ones (for example, a certain type of rash), do not appear on the first day. Therefore, naturally, our system, online diagnostics, will not be able to make an unambiguous diagnosis in most cases.

As a result, you will be presented with a list of possible diseases of the child, as well as recommendations on which specialist you need to contact. This cannot be considered an official diagnosis; the task of our “online diagnosis by symptoms” service is to perform advisory functions regarding contacting certain specialists who will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment for the child.

Do not self-medicate under any circumstances. Consult a doctor! This will guarantee a speedy recovery for your child.

Thus, symptoms refer to the patient’s subjective impressions when describing his condition. External signs of the disease are considered to be indicators identified during the examination. Clinical signs of the disease are considered to be data obtained from medical laboratory tests.

You need to pay attention to the characteristic signs of the disease even before providing assistance to the sick person. Moreover, the same increase in body temperature or abdominal pain can indicate a variety of ailments. And they are all treated differently. Therefore, you need to know what this or that external sign of illness indicates, and you can determine the general condition of a person simply by observing him, assessing the state of his consciousness and psyche, skin and the functioning of the physiological systems of his body.

What are the most characteristic signs of the disease: changes in consciousness

A sign of illness in a person may be a change in consciousness: darkness, stupor, stupor and coma.

Even not too obvious changes in consciousness, so-called retardation, should cause alertness. When inhibited, the sick person is indifferent to himself and to others. He answers questions intelligently, but his speech is different from the speech of ordinary people (slower). In some cases, it gives correct answers only to certain questions. Sometimes there is a noticeable disturbance in orientation in time and space.

The next degree of change in consciousness is characterized by more pronounced inhibition. A person who is in a state of numbness (stupor) is as if half asleep. He answers questions thoughtlessly and is not aware of his answers. It is very difficult to get him out of this state.

A clear sign of illness– dullness (stupor). In this case, the sick person is completely indifferent to the people and events around him. He does not answer questions addressed to him, but his reflexes are preserved.

In the extreme degree of disturbance of consciousness - coma - a person completely loses consciousness, body functions and reflexes are lost, and the muscles relax.

In addition to the above-mentioned disorders, diseases can be identified based on signs of mental disorders: hallucinations, delusions, affective and motor disorders. They require emergency psychiatric help.

Identification of diseases by basic characteristics: body position

Identification of the first signs of the disease is possible by the position of the human body. Thus, there are three types of position of the sick person: active, passive and forced.

An extremely serious condition of a person is indicated by such a main sign of the disease as a passive position. He lies motionless, sliding towards the foot edge of the bed, completely indifferent to what is happening, his expression is indifferent.

Often patients take a forced position to relieve some symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, etc.):

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1) sitting position - taken by patients with shortness of breath resulting from heart failure, bronchial asthma, etc.;

2) supine position - used by patients with appendicitis, peritonitis, etc.;

3) lying on the stomach - taken for pain in the epigastric region (for example, with diseases of the pancreas);

4) position on the side - typical for patients with pleurisy, pneumonia;

5) knee-elbow position - taken by patients with hepatic, renal and intestinal colic, trying to reduce severe pain; they are often restless and tossing about in bed;

6) position with the body bent forward - taken by patients with pericarditis and pancreatic cancer.

How to identify signs of a person’s illness by looking at their faces

The facial expression of the sick person also reflects his condition. As they say, the signs of the disease are on the face, that is, visible to the naked eye.

If a person experiences severe pain, his face becomes similar to the “face of Hippocrates”: sunken eyes, sharply defined nasolabial folds, pointed tip of the nose. This is usually observed in abdominal accidents and severe bleeding.

How to determine a person’s illness by looking at his face, and what external manifestations should promptly consult a doctor?

It is possible to identify diseases by such signs as one-sided blush and rash on the lips. This most often indicates lobar pneumonia.

Patients with kidney diseases are characterized by such main signs of the disease as facial swelling, pallor and swelling.

A “mitral” face with a bluish blush is the most characteristic sign of a disease such as heart disease.

People who have had a stroke or encephalitis, as well as people with brain damage, have a mask-like face.

Patients with lupus erythematosus develop a typical rash on the face in the form of a pink “butterfly”, located on both sides of the nose.

How can you identify infectious diseases by looking at your face? In this case, a rash appears on the face - it is characteristic of measles, rubella, scarlet fever, typhus, etc.

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Signs of any disease: condition of the skin

What other signs are there of illness or overload of the body? The disease can be determined by the condition of the skin. Human skin performs a number of functions: protective, respiratory, excretory, etc. In addition, it takes part in vascular reactions, metabolic processes and maintaining body temperature, so its appearance often reflects the general condition of the body.

When examining the skin, it is of paramount importance to determine the degree of moisture and elasticity. Color, skin rashes, etc. play an important role.

When the body overheats, physical overload, feverish conditions and critical drops in body temperature, the skin has increased humidity - this is how the body adapts to unfavorable environmental conditions. One of the signs of Graves' disease (thyroid disease) is increased sweating. A very unfavorable sign is profuse cold sweat; it may indicate sepsis, a severe drop in blood pressure, suffocation, or. A type of sweating is critical sweat, which occurs when body temperature quickly drops, which is typical for patients with febrile conditions. The opposite situation is observed with insufficiency of thyroid function, diseases of the arterial vessels of the extremities (endarteritis). In this case, dry skin is characteristic.

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A sign of a disease may be blue skin or cyanosis. The degree of severity of sishoshnosti depends on the patient’s condition; its intensification is a signal of deterioration or improvement of the patient’s condition. There are central and peripheral cyanosis.

In peripheral cases, the ears, cheeks, lips, tip of the nose, fingers and toes, and chin turn blue, which indicates a slowdown in blood circulation. When rubbing the earlobe, the syoshiness decreases and even disappears. Sometimes, when oxygen is inhaled, the stress may decrease, but with physical stress it always increases. This condition is typical for diseases of the cardiovascular system.

The central sishoshnosti is uniform and spreads throughout the body. The reason for its appearance is a decrease in the body's ability to absorb oxygen. Unlike the peripheral form, human limbs remain warm. The diseases in which central systolicity occurs are chronic and occur in a severe form: lung damage from silicon dust, congenital heart defects, etc. Syshyness also occurs during poisoning with aniline derivatives, phenacetin, sulfonamide drugs, etc.

Keep in mind that the appearance of any type of sishoshnosti requires immediate intensive treatment.

In some cases, the skin may become jaundiced. Jaundice is associated either with blockage of the bile ducts or with increased destruction of red blood cells, but sometimes occurs as a result of eating large quantities of carrots.

Some diseases are accompanied by itchy skin. This symptom accompanies allergic diseases, blood diseases, kidney failure, and diabetes.

The severity of the disease or deterioration of a person’s condition is indicated by the appearance of subcutaneous hemorrhages. This symptom is a sign of blood diseases, infections, kidney or liver failure.

Bedridden patients are characterized by necrosis of soft tissues, or bedsores. Their appearance is associated with poor circulation due to prolonged pressure. Typically, bedsores appear in the sacral area, on the heels and shoulder blades. To avoid such problems, bedridden patients require special care, which consists of daily skin treatment with camphor alcohol, cologne (for the purpose of disinfection), washing after urination and defecation, keeping the body clean; the bed must be carefully straightened; for physiological functions, the person is given a special rubber duck. It is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the mucous membranes of a bedridden patient, treat them (rinse the eyes with a sterile gauze swab moistened with a warm solution of furatsilin, wipe the mucous membranes of the mouth with a solution of soda or boric acid, etc.).

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Determining the disease by signs: dehydration or excess fluid

In some cases, patients develop a deficiency or, on the contrary, excess fluid in the body. Both cases are undesirable.

How to identify diseases by external signs indicating dehydration?

A patient with dehydration experiences:

, which does not stop when rinsing the mouth;
decreased skin elasticity;
dryness in the groin and axillary areas;
decreased tone of the eyeballs;
increased heart rate;
dry tongue;
lowering blood pressure;
decrease in the amount of urine excreted - less than 500 ml of urine is excreted per day.

Skin elasticity is checked as follows: take the skin of the abdomen into the fold with your fingers and release. Normally, the fold smooths out quickly, but when elasticity decreases, it smoothes out slowly.

Depending on the lack of water in the body, signs of dehydration are divided into degrees:

I degree (fluid deficiency less than 1.5 liters) - a person complains of thirst;
II degree (fluid deficiency 1.5-4 liters) - a person complains of severe thirst; There is dryness of the tongue, oral cavity, groin areas, and armpits.
III degree (fluid deficiency more than 4 liters) - a person complains of unbearable thirst. There is urinary retention, loss of body weight, and the person is in a state of stupor. If he is not provided with timely assistance, death follows after a coma.

Excess fluid in the body is manifested by edema. At the same time, the skin swells, tissue elasticity decreases, and the skin becomes pale or bluish.

Edema occurs:

cardiac origin - develop slowly, dense in structure, accompanied by cyanosis, most often found on the legs, back and lower back. Patients experience shortness of breath, so they take a forced standing position. The neck veins swell;
allergic origin - Quincke's edema. It appears on a limited area of the body (usually on the face, hands, neck) almost instantly, accompanied by itching of the skin;
renal origin - swelling that is soft to the touch develops quickly, is located on the face or only on the eyelids, the skin over the area of edema is pale;
inflammatory origin - the skin around the swelling is reddened and feels hotter than the surrounding tissue.

How to determine the disease by clinical signs: pulse and blood pressure

The state of the cardiovascular system at home can be assessed by measuring blood pressure and pulse.

Pulse measurement. The pulse is a periodic fluctuation in the volume of blood vessels. Pulse examination is necessary to determine the rhythm, frequency, filling, magnitude, tension and condition of the vessel wall. A normal heart rate is 60-80 beats per minute. The pulse rhythm corresponds to the contractions of the left ventricle of the heart.

An increased heart rate is called tachycardia. Its causes may be changes in body temperature, excited. Tachycardia accompanies anemia, intoxication, and cardiovascular diseases.

A slow heart rate is called bradycardia. It is typical for patients with inflammatory damage to the heart muscle, heart attacks, and heart defects. Its appearance can also be caused by increased intracranial pressure, infection and intoxication.

The pulse can determine diseases such as:

extrasystole - after pulse waves, the magnitude of which is less than usual, there is a long pause;
respiratory arrhythmia - when inhaling, the pulse becomes faster, while exhaling - slower;
atrial fibrillation - pulse waves of different sizes follow each other randomly;
pulsus paradoxus - during inhalation, the pulse wave weakens.

A condition in which the number of heart contractions is greater than the number of pulse beats is called pulse deficiency. Basically, pulse deficiency is characteristic of patients with atrial fibrillation and extrasystole. The work of the cardiovascular system is characterized by pulse tension. It is determined by the resistance of the artery when pressed with a finger. If the pulse is weakened, it means that the heart’s function is suffering.

Blood pressure measurement. Blood pressure is measured using a tonometer. A cuff is placed on the shoulder into which air is inflated. A phonendoscope is placed in the cubital fossa, at the place where the pulsation of the artery is felt. After this, the valve is opened slightly and air is released. Systolic (upper) pressure is determined at the first shocks heard through a phonendoscope. Diastolic (lower) pressure is recorded when the pulsation disappears.

Main warning signs of the disease: breathing pathology

Another alarming sign of the disease is breathing pathology. During the process of respiration, oxygen is delivered to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide is removed. In a healthy person, the respiratory rate is 16-20 per minute. The following types of breathing are pathological:

Cheyne-Stokes breathing- characterized by cyclicity, alternating deep breaths and stopping breathing for a period of 1 to 2-3 minutes. During a stop, breaths are rare and superficial. Basically, such breathing is typical for patients with strokes, brain tumors, and in a dying state;
breathing Biota - characterized by decreased breathing with pauses between respiratory cycles (inhalation - exhalation). The duration of pauses ranges from several seconds to half a minute;
Kussmaul's breath - uniform, rapid, noisy, deep.

Many patients suffer from shortness of breath. There are several types of shortness of breath:

inspiratory - inhalation is prolonged and difficult; breathing is accompanied by a noisy, whistling breath;
expiratory - exhalation is difficult and prolonged;
mixed - both phases of the respiratory act are difficult and prolonged.

In severe cases of shortness of breath, breathing slows down and coma occurs. Timely measures taken can save the patient's life.

A sudden decrease in breathing or stopping is called asphyxia. This stops gas exchange in the lungs and blood. Choking occurs due to mechanical obstacles to the flow of air into the lungs, gas exchange disorders due to diseases, etc.

Signs of gastrointestinal diseases

Signs of gastrointestinal diseases are the appearance of unpleasant sensations in the mouth, heartburn, appetite disturbances, pain, and belching. The following points must be clarified to help identify problems in the digestive tract:

appetite: good, reduced, increased, perverted (aversion to a certain type of food);
saturability: normal, fast, constant feeling of hunger, fullness in the stomach, etc.;
thirst: absent or intermittent; dry mouth - constant with up to 10 liters per day or periodic;
taste in mouth: regular or bitter, sour, there is a taste of metal or something else, loss of taste;
burp: no or there is (if present - periodic or constant) belching of what: air, food, bitter, sour, rotten;
heartburn: no or yes; Is it related to food intake, what foods cause it, frequency, does it happen at night, what is removed;
nausea , if it exists, then it is constant or periodic; the time of its occurrence, is it related to the intake and nature of food, is it resolved by vomiting;
vomit , if present, is it related to previous nausea or is there no connection; The time of its occurrence is noted - before, during, after meals; character - ingested or stagnant food, “coffee grounds”, “meat slop”, streaks of blood, blood clots; does it bring relief;
pain syndrome is clarified in detail: time of occurrence, nature of pain (constant or spastic), localization and irradiation, change in the nature and localization of pain, their connection with food intake;
stool character - normal, constipation or diarrhea; formed or liquid, the color of stool, the presence of mucus or streaks of blood in it; in the presence of bleeding - before or after stool, volume, type of blood.

Even the patient’s appearance speaks volumes. For example, significant weight loss and jaundice may indicate cholecystitis, accompanied by the formation of stones, or pancreatitis; chronic pancreatitis is indicated by thinning of the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall in the left hypochondrium and microscopic enlarged vessels, similar to bright red rashes on the skin of the abdomen, chest and backs. An enlarged abdomen may be associated with obesity, bloating, or a large tumor.

If there is a large amount of water in the abdominal cavity (the so-called dropsy), the easily displaceable liquid, when the patient is in a horizontal position, accumulates in the lower and lateral sections, while the abdomen flattens in the middle part (the “frog” abdomen).

In an upright position, fluid accumulates in the lower abdomen, which begins to protrude in the lower sections and takes the form of a half-filled sac. With severe dropsy, the navel protrudes.

Bulging of the abdomen in the upper part occurs with an enlarged liver or pancreatic cyst.

Diffuse bloating is possible with dyskinesia of the gastrointestinal tract.

A retracted navicular abdomen is characteristic of severe exhaustion or strong spastic contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall.

Retraction of the abdomen in certain areas occurs with prolapse of the stomach; limited protrusion of the abdominal wall is observed with hernias of the white line, umbilical, and inguinal.

How can a disease be determined by stool?

You can determine the disease by stool; for this you need to examine the stool. The weight of feces excreted per day with a normal mixed diet normally ranges from 150 to 200 g.

Normally, feces have a cylindrical shape, a thickness of 2-4 cm, and a dense consistency. It is colored in various shades of brown, depending on the nature of the food. After eating dairy foods, the color of stool may be light brown, even yellow. After eating meat products, it becomes dark brown; after eating plant foods, it becomes greenish (from sorrel, spinach) or reddish (from beets). Thick brown-black feces occur after taking blueberries, black currants, coffee, bismuth and iron preparations.

The consistency and color of stool changes in pathological conditions. When the passage of contents through the colon accelerates or dysbiosis develops, the stool becomes golden yellow; with fermentative dyspepsia, it becomes yellow with a sharp, sour odor. White or grayish-white feces are characteristic of bile outflow disorders and viral hepatitis. Grayish-yellow color of stool indicates insufficient production of pancreatic juice. Tarry black stools appear when there is bleeding from the esophagus, stomach or duodenum. Chronic ulcerative colitis is characterized by loose stools with dense lumps, with clotted blood, mucus and pus. Scarlet blood in the stool is detected in patients with hemorrhoids or rectal sphincter fissures. With enterocolitis, undigested food remains appear in the stool. In people who do not chew food well, large remains of vegetables, fruits, and seeds can be found in their stool. Discolored stool indicates blockage of the common bile duct by a stone.

Aromatic substances such as skatole, indole, phenol and others determine the nature of the smell of feces. With protein foods, the smell is sharper; it becomes fetid with putrefactive dyspepsia. The smell of feces is weaker when consuming plant and dairy products and becomes sour with fermentative dyspepsia.

How to determine the disease by examining stool? Pathological impurities of non-food origin include blood, pus and mucus. The detection of blood indicates a violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Pus in the stool is found in dysentery, ulcerative colitis, tuberculosis of the colon, and the disintegration of a tumor of the large intestine. Normally, mucus is practically undetectable. When mucus is secreted from the small intestine or upper parts of the large intestine, it is mixed with feces; from the lower part of the large intestine, it lies on the surface of the feces.

Vomiting is also a sign of the disease; it can be of the following types:

morning, or vomiting on an empty stomach;
early (soon after eating);
late (several hours after eating);
night;
cyclical, not related to the intake of food.

Depending on the nature of the masses, vomiting is distinguished as:

vomiting freshly eaten food;
vomiting of food eaten long ago (congestive vomiting);
bilious vomiting;
bloody vomiting;
fecal vomiting;
purulent vomiting, etc.

Undigested pieces of food in the vomit indicate a sharp decrease in the acidity of gastric juice. The putrid smell of vomit can be observed with disintegrating stomach cancer, the smell of alcohol - with alcohol poisoning. Fecal vomiting is characteristic of intestinal obstruction. Bloody vomiting indicates bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. This condition always requires urgent action.

With prolonged contact of blood with hydrochloric acid in the stomach, vomit takes on the color and appearance of coffee grounds.

Bile is almost always present in masses with severe vomiting. An abundance of bile in the vomit is observed in peptic ulcers and narrowing of the duodenum.

The state of health is easy to determine if you know the primary symptoms of certain diseases. The body often tells us what’s wrong with it; whether we want to notice its signals is another matter.

Immunity status

How to determine how strong the immune system is during a given period? It is worth paying attention to the condition of the skin. The presence of rashes, psoriasis, allergic spots, eczema indicates disturbances in the functioning of the immune system. Also, health problems are indicated by respiratory diseases, for example, the sudden onset of asthma.

Digestive system

Even minor violations indicate health problems. Morning dry mouth and a bitter taste indicate diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Constipation also indicates that the digestive system is not functioning properly.

Liver function

The absence of swelling in the eye area and pain in the right hypochondrium indicate proper liver function.

Liver diseases are also indicated by a yellow coating on the tongue, bitterness in the mouth, excess weight and malfunction of the thyroid gland.

Skin health

Dandruff, dryness, loss of elasticity, flaking, sallow or yellowish-green skin tone indicate health problems. This can apply to both the skin itself and internal organs.

A separate issue is the presence of calluses. In most cases, they indicate problems with joints and diseases of the spine.

Pimples on the face

Acne or rashes in adulthood indicate the presence of internal problems. If acne appears on your forehead, you should check your stomach. Most likely, an exacerbation of gastritis or its occurrence. Rashes on the chin indicate hormonal imbalances.

And pimples on the cheeks indicate problems with the intestines.

Brain and circulatory organs

The presence of fainting, depression, dizziness, migraine and drowsiness indicate normal brain functioning. If such symptoms occur from time to time, you should visit a doctor.

Other symptoms

General endurance, energy, and lack of shortness of breath indicate good physical condition. At the same time, many people do not perceive the listed symptoms as a signal of any disease until the situation worsens, when it becomes difficult to cure the disease.

The state of health is easy to determine if you know the primary symptoms of certain diseases. The body often tells us what’s wrong with it; whether we want to notice its signals is another matter.

Why is self-diagnosis of diseases necessary? First of all, to quickly obtain information about health and identify problems in the early stages.