What does a glucose solution in a dropper do? How and for what purposes is glucose used in the human body? "Glucose" release form

Content

To replenish energy in the body, nourish tissues and organs, it is necessary to receive fats, carbohydrates, proteins, microelements, and vitamins from food. The main energy component is carbohydrates, including natural glucose, galactose, raffinose, and starch. Often, during increased stress, glucose tablets are prescribed; it can be used as a detoxification agent, but there are contraindications to the medicine - cerebral edema, diabetes mellitus.

Glucose tablets

The carbohydrate is a colorless, odorless crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, with a sweet taste. Glucose is sold in pharmacies in the form of tablets and powder for oral administration. For parenteral use, solutions are intended with a concentration of the active component of 5, 10, 20, 40% in glass or plastic containers of 200, 250, 400, 500, 1000 ml, which are used for infusion (using droppers), or in ampoules of 5, 10, 20 ml – for intravenous administration.

Composition and release form

The tablets have a sweet taste, white color, round shape, flat surface with beveled edges and a dividing strip. The active ingredient is dextrose monohydrate. The composition of glucose and other components in one tablet is presented in the table:

pharmachologic effect

Glucose (dextrose) is a monosaccharide. It is found in the juice of grapes and other berries, so it received an additional name - grape sugar. Glucose units consist of disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose) and oligosaccharides (cellulose, starch, glycogen). In the digestive tract, complex saccharides are broken down into glucose and fructose. As a monosaccharide, the substance is present in the blood, lymph, brain, skeletal muscles and myocardium.

Glycogen deposited in the body also serves as a source of energy - it is broken down into dextrose if necessary. Regulation of the balance of monosaccharide and oligosaccharide is carried out using enzymes. Insulin reduces the level of glucose in the blood, and its antagonists increase the concentration of sugar: glucagon, adrenaline, thyroxine, triiodothyronine. If the activity of the endocrine or central nervous system is disrupted, an excessive increase in sugar levels can occur and hyperglycemia or a sharp drop in its concentration - hypoglycemia.

Dextrose is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and affects metabolic processes:

1. Glucose in the body is necessary for the complete breakdown of fats; if there is a deficiency of the substance, fatty acids accumulate (acidosis, ketosis is observed).
2. In the process of glucose metabolism, adenosine triphosphoric acid is formed, which is the body's source of energy.
3. A hypertonic dextrose solution is capable of: “squeezing” liquid into the bloodstream from organs and tissues, and with it, toxins and removing them from the body; increase the amount of urine; enhance the activity of the heart muscle; dilate blood vessels.
4. An isotonic solution can replace fluid loss.
5. The substance is used for carbohydrate nutrition of the brain and muscles - glucose absorption occurs quickly, mental and physical performance increases.

Why is Glucose useful?

The properties of the substance to have a positive effect on metabolic processes are used in the treatment of ailments. Pregnant women are prescribed dextrose if they suspect a small fetus, as well as to reduce the risk of miscarriage and premature birth. During this period, it helps to overcome fatigue and improve well-being when sugar levels drop and hands tremble. During pregnancy and lactation, while using the drug, it is necessary to constantly monitor sugar levels. According to the instructions, the drug is prescribed:

• with carbohydrate deficiency, with hypoglycemia;
• in case of intoxication due to liver disease (hepatitis);
• for the treatment of poisoning;
• with decompensation of cardiac activity;
• to replenish fluid after surgery, with diarrhea or vomiting;
• with shock, collapse (sharp drop in pressure).

How to drink glucose

Glucose tablets should be taken orally sublingually - by resorption under the tongue. The drug should be taken an hour or an hour and a half before eating, because the use of dextrose reduces appetite. The dosage depends on the age, weight and condition of the patient. You cannot prescribe the drug yourself, as there are a number of contraindications for use.

In case of poisoning

The drug is used as a detoxifying agent. During the treatment of poisoning with hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, carbon monoxide, aniline, paracetamol, along with other drugs, glucose tablets are prescribed to improve the patient's condition. The drug is effective against intoxication of the body due to liver dysfunction. Patients are recommended to take 2-3 tablets at intervals of 2 hours until the condition improves.

For diabetes

Due to severe emotional stress or taking a large dose of insulin, if the required intervals between meals are not observed in diabetes mellitus, a sharp decrease in sugar levels can occur. To normalize it, you need to take chewable tablets. In case of severe hypoglycemia, you should take 1-2 pieces every 5 minutes until weakness, sweating, and trembling disappear.

For milder conditions, take 3-4 tablets every 30 minutes. Dextrose intake is stopped after the disappearance of characteristic signs. It is important not to confuse the symptoms of hypoglycemia with signs characteristic of hyperglycemia and monitor the sugar concentration using devices. Otherwise, there will be a sharp increase in its level, the patient’s condition will worsen and shock may occur.

Glucose for athletes

Athletes are prescribed tablets during increased physical activity - during intense training. Dextrose is necessary for the muscles of athletes to quickly replenish the body's energy reserves. You should not take the drug before training, because there will be an increase in insulin levels, and then a sharp drop in sugar concentration. It is better to use the drug 1-2 hours before physical activity. To take, dissolve 7 tablets of 1 gram each in a liter of water and drink 4 glasses of liquid at one-minute intervals.

Glucose for children

Often, children are prescribed tablets along with taking ascorbic acid. With this combination of drugs, the synthesis of corticosteroids is enhanced, so you need to monitor kidney function, blood pressure, and insulin levels. The daily norm for a child over 6 years old is no more than 500 mg of dextrose. This dose can be divided into 3-5 doses. In children, with high energy expenditures in the body, there is a sharp decrease in sugar levels, so fat begins to be broken down to obtain energy, and acetone is formed.

Such conditions may be accompanied by vomiting. When acetone appears, the child is given several tablets at once and plenty of fluids to drink. Children under 3 years of age are not prescribed tableted glucose - they need to be given ready-made 5% solutions or dissolve the drug in water themselves. You should not give your baby sugary liquids before feeding because they may refuse milk.

Side effects

The instructions contain warnings about the possibility of side effects after taking dextrose. The use of the drug causes an increase in cholesterol levels, which can lead to the formation of blood clots and inflammation of the veins - thrombophlebitis. Rarely after taking the pills you may experience:

• decreased appetite;
• hypervolemia;
• left ventricular failure;
• nausea, thirst, dyspepsia, flatulence.

Overdose

If the norms recommended by the instructions are exceeded, side effects are observed more often. When taking excessive doses of dextrose and ascorbic acid simultaneously, headaches, increased excitability, damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, bloating, and rarely insomnia may occur. In case of an overdose of the drug, it is possible: a decrease in insulin synthesis, the onset of hyperglycemia; decreased appetite. In such conditions, it is necessary to stop taking dextrose and consult a doctor for symptomatic treatment.

Contraindications

The instructions contain information about existing contraindications to taking the drug. Glucose should not be used if:

• individual intolerance to the contained components;
• hyperglycemia;
• diabetes mellitus;
• high levels of lactic acid;
• swelling of the brain or lungs;
• impaired glucose utilization after surgery;
• acute left ventricular heart failure.

Terms of sale and storage

Tablets are packaged in contour or cell-free blister packs of 10 pieces. Contour blisters can be placed in cardboard boxes with 1, 2, 5 plates per package. Tablets are sold to consumers in pharmacies without a prescription. The medicine can be stored without access to sunlight at temperatures below 25 degrees for no longer than 4 years from the date of issue.

Analogs

You can buy analogues of tableted glucose in pharmacies. Their active component is dextrose monohydrate, so the drugs have similar properties. Such means include:

• Glucose Bief;
• Glucose Brown;
• Glucose Vial;
• Glucose-E;
• Glucosteril;
• Dextrose;
• Dextrose monohydrate;
• Dextrose Vial;
• Licadex PF dextrose monohydrate.

The state of carbohydrate metabolism is an important indicator of health. You need to monitor it especially carefully during pregnancy. An increase in glucose levels may indicate the development of gestational diabetes. But in some expectant mothers, the glucose level, on the contrary, is lowered. Then additional glucose is administered during pregnancy. Most often, IVs are given or intramuscular injections are given.

Glucose is a monosaccharide used to produce energy. In addition, it is the main source of easily digestible carbohydrates. Let's figure out why and why additional glucose may be required during pregnancy. Sometimes the drug is prescribed in tablets, but more often the drug is administered intravenously through a dropper, or intramuscular injections are given.

Features of use during pregnancy

Fluctuations in glucose levels in a pregnant woman's body are normal. Most often, expectant mothers are forced to deal with hyperglycemia, that is, an increase in blood glucose levels. But the development of the opposite situation cannot be ruled out. The main symptoms of hypoglycemia:

• fast fatiguability,
• constant feeling of hunger,
• trembling hands
• increased sweating.

Description

Glucose is a crystalline substance, odorless, and sweet in taste. The product dissolves well in water. Used for additional therapeutic nutrition if the body is weakened.

Advice! Drugs can be administered enterally, that is, through the stomach, or parenterally through injections and droppers.

Form

The drug is available in several forms:

• in the form of tablets containing 0.5 grams of the main substance;
• in the form of a solution for infusion, solutions can have different concentrations - from 5 to 40%;
• solutions in ampoules for intravenous administration.

Action

Glucose is a means of carbohydrate nutrition. The action of glucose-based drugs is aimed at restoring metabolic processes if the body is weakened. An isotonic 5% solution is used for infusion; it is prescribed if necessary:

• replenish blood volume after bleeding;
• eliminate water deficiency that may occur after frequent vomiting.

Solutions of higher concentration increase blood pressure, that is, they are hypotonic. They are prescribed if necessary:

• increase the outflow of fluid from tissues,
• support the heart
• dilate blood vessels,
• activate metabolic processes in the liver.

The drug in tablet form has the following effects:

• increases the physical and mental capabilities of the body, replenishing energy reserves;
• dilates blood vessels;
• calms down.

Indications

What is this drug used for during pregnancy? The main indication for its use is low blood sugar. In addition, drugs are used to support the body weakened by the disease.

As an adjuvant, the drug can be prescribed as part of complex therapy for the treatment of:

• decompensation of cardiac muscle functions,
• after poisoning and intestinal infections,
• with a sudden drop in blood pressure,
• during dehydration to restore water balance,
• during the recovery period after shock conditions,
• in order to maintain liver functions.

Advice! Sometimes glucose solution is used to dilute various dosage forms. Most often, glucose is administered together with ascorbic acid.

Expectant mothers may be prescribed glucose if the child is not gaining weight well. In addition, the introduction of this drug reduces the risk of miscarriage.

How is it used?

Tablets are often prescribed at a time when the expectant mother suffers from moderate toxicosis. This drug helps support the body and provide it with additional energy. The standard scheme provides:

• take 1-2 tablets three times a day;
• if necessary, a single dose can be increased to 10 tablets;
• It is recommended to take the medicine one hour before meals;
• The tablets can be dissolved or chewed.

An isotonic five percent solution can be introduced into the body in different ways:

• subcutaneously (dose is determined individually);
• in the form of enemas (the volume of the injected solution is from 0.3 to 2 liters);
• intravenously, by installing a dropper. The minimum volume of solution administered at a time is 300 ml, the maximum is 2000 ml.

Hypertonic solutions with a concentration of 10 to 40% are administered exclusively intravenously. When blood sugar levels are very low, a hypotonic solution is administered through an IV. Dripping at a rate of 60 drops per minute.

Contraindications

The main contraindication to the introduction of glucose into the body, and not only during pregnancy, is a condition in which the absorption of sugar is impaired. First of all, it is diabetes. During treatment, the following adverse reactions may develop:

• lack of appetite;
• thrombosis and phlebitis, which can develop if the drug is administered incorrectly or if the rules of asepsis are violated;
• the appearance of compaction and the development of inflammation at the sites of drug administration;
• with frequent use - liver dysfunction;
• disturbance of water-salt balance due to drinking large amounts of water. This complication may develop after administering an excessive amount of solution.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed glucose administration. In simple cases, it will be enough to take the drug in tablets. If there are serious indications, the solution must be administered intravenously or subcutaneously.

Glucose is the main source of energy in cellular metabolism, as well as a supplier of carbohydrates in parenteral nutrition with easy digestibility. It helps to increase the energy potential of the body and stimulates its basic functions. So, glucose drip: what is it used for?

When is glucose solution for infusion prescribed?

As a rule, for infusion, that is, intravenous administration using a dropper, a 5% glucose solution is used, packaged in sealed plastic bags with a volume of 400 ml or bottles. The solution consists of the active substance, glucose and water for injection.

When administered intravenously, glucose is metabolized by acids, breaking down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy. Subsequent pharmacodynamics are determined by the nature of the drug used, which is diluted with glucose.

A glucose dropper is indicated for the treatment of diseases such as:

• state of shock;
• bleeding;
• increased bleeding;
• diarrhea and vomiting;
• a critical decrease in plasma sugar levels during hypoglycemia;
• acute heart failure;
• a sharp drop in blood pressure, characteristic of a state of collapse;
• accumulation of fluid in the lungs;
• liver disease;
• infectious diseases;
• dehydration and carbohydrate depletion, when normal food and fluid intake is limited;
• as a carrier and diluent for other compatible medications.

Contraindications and precautions

Infusions with glucose solution are contraindicated for people with the following pathologies:

• decompensated diabetes mellitus;
• glucose intolerance, for example, in the case of metabolic stress;
• with hyperosmolar coma;
• in case of hyperglycemia and hyperlactaemia.

Cautions for use:

• Large volumes of infusion of the solution must be carried out under special supervision in patients with water intoxication, heart failure, the presence of fluid in the lungs or kidney edema.
• Due to the risk of hyperglycemia, the solution should be administered with caution to patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke.
• For traumatic brain injuries, the infusion solution should be used during the first 24 hours, carefully monitoring the plasma glucose concentration.
• Glucose should not be infused simultaneously, after and immediately before blood transfusion into the same vein, which can provoke hemolysis and nonspecific agglutination.
• Intravenous administration of glucose solutions to infants, especially premature or low-weight infants, requires careful control over the duration of treatment, since this category of patients has a significant risk of hyper- or hypoglycemia.

Dosage

The duration of administration of intravenous glucose solution and its dosage are prescribed taking into account several factors, such as the patient's age, weight, general condition and clinical picture. This may require careful monitoring of blood glucose levels.

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To treat dehydration and carbohydrate depletion, the following dosage is recommended:

• For adults: 0.5 - 3 l/24 hours.
• For children, including newborns, the dosage is calculated per kilogram of the child’s weight:

• body weight up to 10 kg - 100 ml per kilogram of weight during the day;
• weight from 10 to 20 kg - 1 l/kg/24 h;
• more than 20 kg - 1.5 l/kg/24 hours.

To avoid the development of hyperglycemia, the rate of solution administration is adjusted depending on the clinical picture. Maximum infusion rate:

• for adults - from 5 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute;
• for children, including infants - 10 - 18 mg/kg/min.

If glucose is used for transportation and dilution, the recommended dosage is in the range of 50 - 250 ml for one dose of the drug.

How is it used?

Glucose is administered intravenously using a dropper. When using a solution for the purpose of diluting and administering additional therapeutic agents, the infusion is carried out according to the instructions for use of these drugs. Infusion requires sterile equipment that must be sealed to prevent air from entering the system.

Plastic bags should not be used for a series connection, which carries the risk of sucking in residual air in the first before the solution coming from the next is complete, since an air embolism may result. Pressing on flexible plastic IV bags to increase the rate of infusion can also cause an air embolism if residual air is not completely removed from the container before administering the solution.

Additional medications may be added to the solution either before or during the infusion. The solution containing the medicinal additive must be used immediately as it cannot be stored.

Side actions

Body reaction	Side effect name	How often does it occur?
The immune system	Anaphylactic reaction	very rarely
	Allergy Hypersensitivity
Metabolism	Electrolyte imbalance	very rarely
	Hypoglycemia
	Hypomagnesemia
	Hypophosphatemia
	Hyperglycemia
	Dehydration
	Hypervolemia
	Thrombophlebitis Phlebitis	very rarely
urinary system	Polyuria	very rarely
General disorders	Chills Hyperthermia Irritation at the infusion site Hemorrhage Local pain	very rarely

Glucose IVs are often used during pregnancy for hydration and as a means of transporting other medications. At the moment, there is no evidence of adverse effects on the baby when using a 5% solution during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.

Glucose is the body's source of energy and its main nutrient. During pregnancy, a woman's blood glucose levels change. Its concentration and quantity are controlled by hormones (the main one is insulin). Due to disruption of hormonal levels, a person may develop certain diseases. During pregnancy, the glucose norm is 3.3 – 6.6 mmol/l. It is necessary to constantly monitor its fluctuations in the blood, since it is at this time that the level of amino acids decreases and the level of ketone bodies increases, which can trigger the onset of diabetes.

Application of Glucose

Glucose is used to remove toxins from the body and replenish fluid loss. In medicine, isotonic (for subcutaneous, intravenous, rectal) and hypertonic (for intravenous) solutions are used. A hypertonic solution dilates blood vessels, increases urine volume and enhances the activity of the heart muscle. Isotonic – replenishes fluid and serves as a source of nutrients. This drug is also used for the preparation of drug solutions for intravenous administration and as a component of blood replacement and anti-shock fluids. Glucose in the form of tablets is taken 0.5-1 grams at a time.

Intravenous glucose administration

Intravenous injections of glucose are administered by drip of 7 ml per 1 minute. The daily dose of the drug and the number of injections are determined by the doctor. A 5% solution of the drug should be administered no more than 400 ml per hour and no more than 2 liters per day. With a solution concentration of 10%, the injection rate is 3 ml per minute, and the daily dose is no more than 1 liter. The 20% solution should be administered very slowly, 2 ml per minute and no more than 500 ml per day. 40% glucose must be mixed with 1% ascorbic acid. Injections under the skin can be administered independently; for this you will need an isotonic solution of the drug and a syringe for hypodermic injections. Inject 400-500 ml per day into different places on the skin.

Analysis (test) for blood glucose levels

Before going to donate blood to determine your glucose level, you must not eat 8 hours before the procedure, that is, go on an empty stomach. It is also important not to be nervous before taking the test and not to overload yourself with physical work. The rest is up to specialists. There are three methods of glucose analysis: reductometric, enzymatic and based on color reactions with certain products. There is also a device called a glucometer, which allows you to measure the amount of sugar in your blood at home. To do this, you need to apply just one drop of blood to the test strip.

Glucose enters the body with food, then it is absorbed by the digestive system and enters the blood, which, in turn, carries it to all organs and tissues. This is the main source of energy for the human body, it can be found in gasoline, which runs most cars, or electricity, which is necessary for the functioning of equipment. In order to penetrate the cells, while in the circulatory system, it is placed in a shell of insulin.

Insulin is a special hormone produced by the pancreas. Without it, glucose will not be able to get inside the cells, and will not be absorbed. If there is a problem with the production of insulin, the person develops diabetes mellitus. He needs constants. The blood of a diabetic patient will be oversaturated until the body receives the missing hormone from the outside. An insulin capsule is necessary for the absorption of glucose by muscle and fatty tissues and the liver, but some organs are able to receive glucose without it. These are the heart, kidneys, liver, lens, nervous system, including the brain.

In the digestive system, glucose is absorbed very quickly. This substance is a monomer that makes up important polysaccharides such as glycogen, cellulose and starch. In the human body, glucose is oxidized, resulting in a release of energy that is spent on various physiological processes.

If an excess amount of glucose enters the body, it is quickly utilized, turning into energy reserves. On its basis, glycogen is formed, which is then deposited in various places and tissues of the body as a reserve source of energy. If there is already enough glycogen in the cell depot, then glucose begins to turn into fat and be deposited in the body.

Glycogen is vital for muscles. It is this that, during decay, provides the energy needed for cell functioning and restoration. It is constantly consumed in the muscles, but the reserves do not decrease. This is due to the fact that new portions of glycogen are constantly supplied from the liver so that its level always remains constant.

The normal fasting blood glucose level is 3.5 to 6.1 mmol/liter. Elevated blood sugar is hyperglycemia. The causes of this condition can be various diseases, including diabetes and metabolic disorders. This is usually diagnosed through a urine test, through which the body will eliminate sugar. Short-term hyperglycemia can be caused by various phenomena, such as overexertion, eating a lot of sweets, and others, this is normal.

Too low a concentration of glucose in the blood is called hypoglycemia. Short-term hypoglycemia occurs when a person eats a lot of quickly digestible carbohydrates, then the sugar level first jumps sharply and then drops sharply. Constant hypoglycemia occurs due to metabolic disorders, liver or kidney diseases, as well as a lack of carbohydrates in the diet. Symptoms are weakness, tremors in the limbs, dizziness, hunger, pallor, and a feeling of fear.