Exam collections of dictations in the Russian language. Examination dictations in the Russian language. Maximum points for task C1
I always go out to a new addition in a dress jacket. So that young sailors will remember their first meeting with the commander for a long time, so that everyone’s soul becomes brighter and more festive.
And now I paused for a moment near the wall mirror in the corridor, adjusted the silver pump on the right side of my chest,
He pulled down the visor of his cap - in a word, he assumed an impressive commanding appearance.
The newcomers lined up in front of the barracks. Suitcases and duffel bags are neatly stacked a little to the side.
— We wish you good health, comrade captain! — they answered my greeting quietly, but unanimously. I walked along the line. The sailors called out their surnames according to the regulations and lightly, as if fearing harm, shook my hand. I only cautiously shook hands with the one on the left flank. Short, with sharp boyish collarbones, he seemed to me like a boy who had accidentally found his way into this line of heroes.
After the presentation ceremony, we led the young sailors to the pier where our submarine was moored. One by one they climbed onto the narrow deck, saluting the stern flag.
In the winter forest
The path along which Savushkin led Anna Vasilievna began immediately behind the school estate. As soon as they stepped into the forest andthe spruce paws, heavily loaded with snow, closed behind their backs, and they were immediately transported to another, enchanted world of peace and
soundlessness. Magpies, flying from tree to tree, swayed branches, knocked down pine cones, and sometimes, touching with their wings, broke off fragile ones.
twigs.
All around is white and white. Only in the heights do the blown ones turn black
the tops of tall weeping birches are blown by the wind, and the thin branches seem
drawn in ink on the blue surface of the sky.
The path ran along the stream. Sometimes the trees parted, revealing sunny clearings, crossed by a hare's trail, similar to a watch chain. There were also large tracks that belonged to some large animal. These tracks went into the very thicket, into the brown forest.
“Don’t be afraid,” said Savushkin, noticing the glance cast by the teacher into the depths of the forest. - This elk has passed.
Slipping under the arch of a bent willow, the path ran down to the stream again. In some places the stream was covered with a thick blanket of snow, in others it was encased in an ice shell.
Winter oak
The forest led travelers through complex, confusing passages. It seemed that there would be no end to the trees, the snowdrifts, the silence.
Suddenly, a smoky blue crack appeared in the distance. The redwoods replaced the thicket, it became spacious and fresh. And now, not a gap, but a wide, sunlit opening appeared ahead. Something sparkled, sparkled, like icy stars.
The path went around a hazel bush, and the forest immediately spread out to the sides. In the middle of the clearing, in sparkling clothes, a huge and majestic oak tree stood like a cathedral. The trees respectfully parted to allow the older brother to unfold in full force. Its branches spread like a tent over the clearing. Snow packed into the wrinkles of the bark, and the thick, three-girth trunk seemed stitched with silver threads. The foliage, having dried out in the fall, barely flew around.
The teacher timidly stepped towards the oak tree, and the mighty, generous guardian of the forest quietly swung a branch towards her.
New additionI always go out to a new addition in a dress jacket. So that young sailors will remember their first meeting with the commander for a long time, so that everyone’s soul becomes brighter and more festive.
And now I paused for a moment near the wall mirror in the corridor, adjusted the silver pump on the right side of my chest,
He pulled down the visor of his cap - in a word, he assumed an impressive commanding appearance.
The newcomers lined up in front of the barracks. Suitcases and duffel bags are neatly stacked a little to the side.
— We wish you good health, comrade captain! — they answered my greeting quietly, but unanimously. I walked along the line. The sailors called out their surnames according to the regulations and lightly, as if fearing harm, shook my hand. I only cautiously shook hands with the one on the left flank. Short, with sharp boyish collarbones, he seemed to me like a boy who had accidentally found his way into this line of heroes.
After the presentation ceremony, we led the young sailors to the pier where our submarine was moored. One by one they climbed onto the narrow deck, saluting the stern flag.
In the winter forest
The path along which Savushkin led Anna Vasilievna began immediately behind the school estate. As soon as they stepped into the forest andthe spruce paws, heavily loaded with snow, closed behind their backs, and they were immediately transported to another, enchanted world of peace and
soundlessness. Magpies, flying from tree to tree, swayed branches, knocked down pine cones, and sometimes, touching with their wings, broke off fragile ones.
twigs.
All around is white and white. Only in the heights do the blown ones turn black
the tops of tall weeping birches are blown by the wind, and the thin branches seem
drawn in ink on the blue surface of the sky.
The path ran along the stream. Sometimes the trees parted, revealing sunny clearings, crossed by a hare's trail, similar to a watch chain. There were also large tracks that belonged to some large animal. These tracks went into the very thicket, into the brown forest.
“Don’t be afraid,” said Savushkin, noticing the glance cast by the teacher into the depths of the forest. - This elk has passed.
Slipping under the arch of a bent willow, the path ran down to the stream again. In some places the stream was covered with a thick blanket of snow, in others it was encased in an ice shell.
Winter oak
The forest led travelers through complex, confusing passages. It seemed that there would be no end to the trees, the snowdrifts, the silence.
Suddenly, a smoky blue crack appeared in the distance. The redwoods replaced the thicket, it became spacious and fresh. And now, not a gap, but a wide, sunlit opening appeared ahead. Something sparkled, sparkled, like icy stars.
The path went around a hazel bush, and the forest immediately spread out to the sides. In the middle of the clearing, in sparkling clothes, a huge and majestic oak tree stood like a cathedral. The trees respectfully parted to allow the older brother to unfold in full force. Its branches spread like a tent over the clearing. Snow packed into the wrinkles of the bark, and the thick, three-girth trunk seemed stitched with silver threads. The foliage, having dried out in the fall, barely flew around.
The teacher timidly stepped towards the oak tree, and the mighty, generous guardian of the forest quietly swung a branch towards her.
Hunting
Already the morning frosts were binding the earth, wetted by autumn rains.
The tops of the forest, which at the end of August were still green islands between black fields and stubble, became golden and bright red fancy islands among the bright green winter fields.
The brown hare was already halfway through its molt, the fox litters were beginning to disperse, and the young wolves were already larger than the dogs. It was the best hunting time.
In the morning Rostov looked out the living room window, looked into the distance and saw such a morning that nothing could be better for hunting. The sky seemed to melt and descend to the ground without wind. The only movement that was in the air was the quiet movement from top to bottom of microscopic drops of fog descending. Transparent drops hung like pearls on the bare branches of the garden and slowly fell onto the recently fallen leaves. The windmill froze half asleep.
Not a sound anywhere. The soil in the garden turned glossy-wet black and, at a short distance, merged with the dull and damp cover of fog. In the distance, hazy and unclear, sandy paths disappeared.
It smelled of withering leaves and dogs.
Everyone was already seized by an irresistible hunting feeling. The horses walked across the field as if walking on a fluffy carpet, occasionally splashing through puddles as they crossed unpaved clay roads. The foggy sky continued to descend imperceptibly and evenly to the ground. The windless air was quiet, warm and soundless. From time to time you can hear the snoring of a horse, the blow of a whip, or the unexpected yelp of a dog that was not walking in its place.
When they rode about a mile away, five more horsemen with dogs suddenly appeared out of the fog to meet the hunt. Everyone wanted to catch the wolf at all costs, but he walked through the bushes, and not a single hunter intercepted him. The dogs were also unable to detain him.
249 words
Preview:
Examination dictation for grade 11.
One summer, everyone in the house of a poor but noble landowner got up at dawn. Only Alexander, the only son of Anna Pavlovna, slept like a heroic sleep, as a twenty-two-year-old spoiled youth should sleep. People walked on tiptoe and spoke in whispers so as not to wake the young master. As soon as someone knocked or spoke loudly at the wrong time - immediately, like an irritated lioness, Anna Pavlovna appeared and immediately punished the careless person with a reprimand, a nickname, and sometimes a push.
In the kitchen they cooked tirelessly, as if for ten people, despite the fact that the master's family consisted of Anna Pavlovna and Alexander. In the barn they wiped and greased the cart. Everyone was busy and worked tirelessly. Barbos, however, only did nothing, but still took part in the movement in his own way. When a footman passed by him without speaking to anyone or a girl skipped, he would wave his tail and carefully sniff the passerby.
And the turmoil was because Anna Pavlovna reluctantly let her son go to St. Petersburg for service, or, as she said, to see people and show herself off. This made her so sad and upset. She will open her mouth to order something, and suddenly stop mid-sentence, her voice will change, she will turn away and, sobbing, will wipe away a tear if she has time, but if she doesn’t have time, she will drop it into the suitcase in which she put Sashenka’s underwear in the bedroom and which had not been removed from the closet since her wedding. Tears have long been ready to splash into three streams, but she constantly wipes them away.
She was not the only one mourning the separation. The valet Yevsey also grieved greatly: when he set off with the master, he left the warm corner of the house in the little room of the clever Agrafena, the first minister in the household and, most importantly for Yevsey, the first housekeeper.
Meanwhile, a cabman with three horses appeared at the gate. The gilded bell, tied to an arc, moved its tongue dully and unfreely, like a drunken man thrown into a guardhouse.
The departing blond young man walked slowly towards Anna Pavlovna. He cheerfully greeted his mother, but when he suddenly saw the suitcases, he became embarrassed, silently went to the window and began to draw with his finger on the glass, deliberately peering into the distance.
The sun was shining dazzlingly brightly. The room smelled fresh from the balcony. Far, far away lay a garden of old linden trees, thick rose hips, bird cherry trees, and lilac bushes. And even further away, fields spread like an amphitheater with waving multi-colored grains and peasant houses adjoin the blue-dark forest.
“Look,” said the mother, “what beauty God has endowed our places with! Why leave?
Alexander thoughtfully pointed into the distance. There, in the middle of the fields, the road to the promised land - to St. Petersburg - wound like a snake and ran away behind the forest and windmill.
For 9th grade students, control dictations are offered for two semesters and the end of the school year. You can plan the inspection in the work program based on texts selected from the material. Some dictations include additional tasks on the syntax of complex sentences. Students master the skills of drawing up sentence diagrams with different types of connections and giving characteristics.
Control dictation based on the results of the 1st half of the year
Well-mannered people
Well-mannered people respect the human personality, and therefore are always condescending, gentle, and polite. They are not only compassionate towards beggars and cats. They are sick in their souls and from what cannot be seen with the naked eye. They are sincere and fear lies like fire. 4 They do not lie even about trifles. They do not show off, they behave on the street the same way as at home, and do not throw dust in the eyes of the smaller brethren. They are not talkative and do not come out with frankness when they are not asked.
They do not humiliate themselves in order to arouse sympathy in others. They do not play on the strings of other people's souls so that in response they sigh and coddle them. They don’t say, “They don’t understand me,” because that has a cheap effect.
They are not vain. They are not interested in such fake diamonds as meeting celebrities.
To educate yourself and not stand below the level of the environment in which you find yourself, it is not enough to read Pickwick. This requires continuous day and night work, eternal reading, and study of the will. 4 (According to A. Chekhov.)
(152 words.)
Grammar task
Eagle Nest
One day, a herd of precious wild spotted deer, moving towards the sea, came to a narrow cape. We stretched a wire mesh behind them across the entire cape and blocked their path into the taiga. The deer had a lot of grass and bushes for food; all we had to do was protect our dear guests from predators such as leopards, wolves and even eagles. 4
From the height of the mountain, I began to look at the rock below and soon noticed that near the sea, on a high rock covered with the grass loved by deer, a female deer was grazing. Near her in the shadows lay a yellow circle. Looking through binoculars, I was soon convinced that it was a fawn.
Suddenly, where the surf threw its white fountains, as if trying to hit the dark green pines that were inaccessible to it, a huge eagle rose, soared high and rushed down. But the mother heard the sound of a falling huge bird, quickly grabbed and met it: she stood on her hind legs opposite the cub and tried to hit the eagle with her front hooves, and he, angry at the unexpected obstacle, began to advance until the sharp hoof hit him. 4 (163 words.)
Grammar task
Parse the given sentences.
Reefs
The luxurious tropical day was ending. The scorching heat subsided, and a gentle coolness wafted from the quiet ocean.
The sun quickly rolled towards sunset and soon lit up the distant horizon with a flaming glow, coloring the sky with magical tints of all sorts of colors and colors, sometimes bright, sometimes delicate, and filling the strip of ocean and the naked tops of the volcanic mountains with a brilliance of purple and gold. a green island, sharply outlined in the transparent clarity of the air.
Blowing black clouds of smoke from its white chimney, the “Kite” approaches the foaming breakers, which turn white like a wavy silver ribbon near the island. These mighty ocean waves crash noisily against a barrier that has risen thanks to the centuries-long work of small polyps from the invisible depths of the ocean, against a narrow surface strip of a ring-shaped coral reef all the way to the island.
Slowing down, the Kite flew through a narrow passage of the reef, left the ocean behind and found itself in the calm of a lagoon, smooth as a mirror and blue as turquoise. This lagoon, surrounded on all sides, is an excellent harbor, in the depths of which, immersed all in greenery and sparkling under the rays of the setting sun with the red-golden shine of its white huts and red embankment buildings peeking out from behind the mighty foliage , nestled in a small city - the capital of the kingdom on the islands. (176 words.)
House in the garden
The huge old maple, towering over the entire southern part of the garden, visible from everywhere, became even larger and more visible: it was dressed in fresh, thick greenery.
The main alley became higher and more visible. The tops of its old lindens were covered with a pattern of young foliage, rose and stretched over the garden in a light green ridge.
And below the maple lay something solid, curly, fragrant, creamy in color.
And all this: the huge lush top of the maple, the light green ridge of the alley, the wedding whiteness of apple trees, pears, bird cherry trees, the blue of the sky, and everything that grew in the gardens, and in the ravine, and along the side linden alleys and paths, and under the foundation the southern wall - everything amazed with its density, freshness and novelty.
In the clean green yard, the vegetation growing from everywhere seemed to make the house seem smaller and more beautiful. It was as if he was waiting for guests: all day long both the doors and windows were open in all the rooms: in the white hall, in the blue old-fashioned living room, in the small sofa room hung with oval miniatures, and in the sunny library, a large and empty corner room with old icons and low bookcases. And everywhere, various green trees, sometimes light, sometimes dark, sometimes emerald, looked into the rooms. (179 words.)
Night
The night was dark. Although the moon had risen, it was hidden by thick clouds covering the horizon. Perfect silence reigned in the air. Not the slightest breeze rippled the smooth surface of the sleeping river, which quickly and silently rolled its waters to the sea. Here and there a light splash could be heard near the steep bank from a lump of earth that had separated and fallen into the water. Sometimes a duck flew over us, and we heard the quiet but sharp whistle of its wings. Sometimes a catfish floated to the surface of the water, stuck out its ugly head for a moment and, lashing the streams with its tail, sank into the depths. Everything is quiet again.
Suddenly a dull, prolonged roar is heard and does not pass for a long time, as if freezing in a silent night. This deer wanders far, far away and calls for a female. The hunter’s heart trembles at this sound, and a proud bagel quietly making its way through the reeds is clearly visible before his eyes.
Meanwhile, the boat glides imperceptibly, propelled by the careful blows of the oars. The tall, motionless figure of Stepan looms vaguely on the horizon. Its long white oar moves silently back and forth and is only occasionally transferred from one side of the boat to the other. (According to I. Bielfeld.)
Horn sounds
That morning, for the first time in my life, I heard a shepherd's horn playing that amazed me.
I looked out the open window, lying in a warm bed and shivering from the chill of the dawn. The street was flooded with the pink light of the sun rising behind the houses. Then the gates of the courtyard opened, and the gray-haired shepherd owner, in tar-smeared boots and a tall hat that looked like a top hat, walked out into the middle of the still deserted street. He put his hat at his feet, crossed himself, put a long horn to his lips with both hands, puffed out his thick cheeks - and I shuddered at the first sounds: the horn began to play so loudly that it even rattled in my ears. But that was only the case at first. Then he began to take it higher and more pitifully, and suddenly he started playing something joyful, and I felt happy.
The cows mooed in the distance and began to creep up little by little, and the shepherd still stood and played. He played with his head thrown back, as if he had forgotten about everything in the world. The shepherd caught his breath, and then admiring voices were heard on the street: “What a master! And where does he have so much spirit from?” The shepherd probably also heard this and understood how they were listening to him, and he was pleased with it. (According to I. Shmelev.)
(172 words.)
Mikhailovsky House
You can judge its owner by the house, and often, by looking at a person, you can imagine his home. But sometimes it happens that a house and its owner, by nature and appearance, are the complete opposite of each other, and then both the house and its inhabitants look sad. Everything bears the stamp of some kind of anxiety and disorder. But it also happens that a person becomes so close to his home that it is difficult to understand where the home ends and the inhabitants begin.
While restoring the Mikhailovsky House, I thought a lot about Pushkin’s home, trying to really imagine how it was arranged and what it looked like. After all, Pushkin himself and his friends who visited him in the village were so stingy with stories about this house!
And then somehow I imagined: back there, in the south, Pushkin forced the heroes of his “Onegin” to live in the same village, surrounded by the same nature, among which he now had to live himself in Mikhailovskoye. There, in the south, he dreamed of an old manor house, which would be located on the slope of a hill, surrounded by meadows, behind the meadows there are ever-noisy dense groves, a river, a huge neglected garden... (S. Geichenko.)
Control dictation based on the results of the 2nd half of the year
Seton-Thompson
In the thirties, on hills overgrown with juniper and pine trees, next to Indian huts, a famous man - a writer, artist, naturalist - built himself a home. He drew up the construction plan himself, chose the logs and stones himself, and, like the carpenters, did not let go of the ax. He chose a wild, uncomfortable place so that he could live the rest of his days in nature, not yet trampled by man...
The house turned out to be quite spacious, similar to an Asian one - with a flat roof and a long porch made of rough-hewn logs on stilts. Everything is brought here by the taste and lifestyle of the owner. The window is large and next to it is very tiny, looking out of the stonework like an embrasure. The porch is filled with wooden, Indian-made figurines of some gods, goggle-eyed people and bright red angry bears.
Here is a large room full of books and paintings. A chair near the table with a carved greeting: “Welcome, my friends!” Guests sat in this chair: artists, writers, scientists who came here. But more often the Indians sat in the chairs. They lived here on the hills, and the doors of the house were open for them at any hour.
Seton-Thompson sometimes did not sign letters to the Indians and friends in the East, but rather drew the trail of a wolf - this meant a signature. (According to V. Peskov.)
(172 words.)
How Chekhov worked
Chekhov's life was subordinated to writing. Those who lived next to Chekhov guessed that internal work was always in full swing within him. It seemed that his senses were constantly fixing in his memory expressions, conversations, colors, sounds, smells.
Chekhov wrote down much of what he noticed around him in his notebook, making notes at home, at dinner, at night, on a boat, in the field. When this book was not at hand, he wrote it down on anything: on a piece of paper, a business card, on the back of a letter addressed to him.
Chekhov said that the theme is given by chance. This meant that Chekhov did not invent topics while sitting in his office at his desk. But he did not wait for the opportunity to come to him. The writer himself met the opportunity, always looked for it, persistently tracking down the topic, like a hunter tracking down his game.
Much of Chekhov’s life was explained by the search for these cases: sudden absences from home, unexpected departures, hours spent in night tea shops, hospitals, hotels in provincial towns, and railway stations. Lines from notebooks turned into sketches for future works, then into a draft, covered with corrections and insertions. The manuscripts of all the real masters are crossed out length and breadth. Chekhov knew well that writing is simply the most difficult thing. (According to A. Raskin.)
Near the house
If in the morning you wake up from a strange knocking on the glass and, getting up, see a tit on the windowsill, do not be surprised - a guest has come from the forest. If you want to wake up every morning to the sound of a tit’s bell (and this is the best of alarm clocks), put a piece of lard (necessarily unsalted) - the constant friendship of tits, woodpeckers and nuthatches is guaranteed.
This neighborhood is not a burden to people at all. It is easier for a person to live in cold weather and bad weather if these fussy and trusting beggars are nearby. Every manifestation of life nearby nourishes the soul...
In autumn, a lot of living creatures gather near the house. Swallows, before flying away, and starlings, before disappearing, always visit the nest or native birdhouse - they sit and whistle. Not like in the spring - they whistle quietly, thoughtfully, as if they are remembering something. If there is a rowan or viburnum bush growing near your house, expect thrushes, waxwings, and bullfinches. And look closely on the ground: mice have appeared, a nimble weasel, a mouse hunter, a hedgehog rustling leaves in the garden at night. And our old and reliable friends, the tits, are almost always in sight, all day long. You will hear them and you will breathe deeper and smile once again. (According to V. Peskov.)
Final control dictation for the academic year
Dangerous path
No matter how the lieutenant hurried the soldiers on the last kilometers of the road, dawn still found them in a bare snow-white field on the approaches to the highway. 4
Taking advantage of the predawn twilight, Ivanovsky walked another kilometer. With ever-increasing risk, he approached a thread of road barely visible on the slope and suddenly saw cars descending from a hill on it. The lieutenant almost cried out in frustration: some fifteen minutes were not enough to get to the other side. 4 To console himself, he first thought that the cars would soon pass, and they really quickly disappeared into the distance, but then some kind of horse-drawn train appeared, then two black, squat cars jumped out from behind a hillock to overtake it. It became clear: the traffic was intensifying, crossing the highway unnoticed was out of the question.
Then Ivanovsky, not approaching the highway, but not moving away from it, turned sharply to the side, onto a nearby bare hillock with a sparse mane of bushes.
Expending their last strength, the skiers climbed the slope of the hillock, almost falling out of the wounded man, and the lieutenant, overcoming the pain that had become familiar, slid wearily towards the bushes that were already nearby. (165 words.)
Grammar task
Parse the given sentences.
Forest Lake
Behind the roadside bushes rose a mixed forest. On the left side, black water sparkled mysteriously. We were only waiting for a path so we could rush along it into the depths of the forest and find out what was there. And then the path came across.
Before we had time to take two hundred steps along it, the loud, angry yelp of a little dog stopped us. Not far away there was a forester's hut.
The forester invited us into the house and wanted to make arrangements for the table. But we said that we didn’t need anything and that we turned off the main road only to find out what kind of water was shining between the trees.
The water began about fifty steps from the threshold, but much lower than it, since the house stood on a hillock. The narrow boat we boarded was so light that under the weight of four people it sank into the water to the very edges. A lake of extraordinary beauty surrounded us. The dark green oaks and linden trees that overgrown the lake shores were clearly reflected in the still water. 4 Rare and clear, like stars, white lily flowers rested on the water. Each flower was so sharply shaded by the blackness of the lake mirror that we usually noticed it two or three hundred meters away. 4 (According to V. Soloukhin.)
Grammar task
Parse the given sentences.
Determine the types of subordinate clauses in complex sentences.
Mikhailovsky Park
I traveled almost the entire country, saw many places, amazing and heart-tugging, but none of them possessed such sudden lyrical power as Mikhailovskoe. It was deserted and quiet there. There were clouds above. Below them, across the green hills, across the lakes, along the paths of the hundred-year-old park, shadows passed.
Mikhailovsky Park is a hermit's shelter. This is a park designed for solitude and reflection, where it is difficult to have fun. 4 He is a little gloomy with his centuries-old spruce trees, tall, silent and imperceptibly passes into centuries-old desert forests as majestic as himself. Only on the outskirts of the park, through the darkness that is always present under the arches of old trees, will a clearing suddenly open, overgrown with shiny buttercups, and a pond with quiet water.
The main charm of Mikhailovsky Park is in the cliff above Sorotya and in the house of nanny Arina Rodionovna... The house is so small and touching that it’s even scary to climb onto its dilapidated porch. 4
And from the cliff above Sorot you can see two blue lakes, a wooded hill and our eternal modest sky with clouds sleeping on it...
Grammar task
Parse the given sentences.
Warm evening
The warm, windless day has faded. Only far on the horizon, where the sun had set, the sky still glowed with crimson stripes, as if it had been smeared with broad strokes of a huge brush dipped in blood. Against this strange and menacing background, the jagged wall of the coniferous forest was clearly depicted as a rough, dark silhouette. And here and there the transparent round tops of bare birches sticking out above it seemed to be painted on the sky with light strokes of delicate greenish ink. A little higher up, the pink glow of the fading sunset, imperceptibly for the eyes, turned into a faint shade of faded turquoise...
The air had already darkened, and the trunk of each tree stood out in it. Sometimes you could hear an invisible beetle buzzing in a deep bass voice, flying somewhere very close, and how it, dryly plopping against some obstacle, immediately fell silent. 4
Here and there silver threads of forest streams and swamps flashed through the thicket of trees. The frogs poured into them with their hasty, deafening screams; the toads echoed them with a rarer, melodic hoot. Sometimes a duck flew overhead with a timid quack, and you could hear a little snipe flying from place to place with a loud and short bleat. 4 (According to A. Kuprin.)
Grammar task
Parse the given sentences.
Determine the types of subordinate clauses in complex sentences.
Natural world
A person impoverishes his spiritual life if he arrogantly looks down on everything living and nonliving that is not endowed with his human mind. 4 After all, the life of people, no matter how complex it may be, no matter how far our power over the world around us extends, is just a particle of the life of nature. After all, what we know about her today is so little compared to the mysterious, amazing and beautiful that we still have to learn about her. 4
Maybe we should find out today, when it is important for a person to connect in his mind the latest data about elementary particles, about the “black holes” of the Universe with the snow-white daisies in forest glades, with the luxurious, pulsating constellations above his head, somewhere in the middle of the endless steppe.
We are still interested in the habits of animals and birds - strange overseas ones and ours, familiar from childhood. We are interested in many things: why such a dense animal as a bear is easy to train; whether the gray wolf is in danger of being included in the Red Book (where scientists list animals that are in danger of extinction from the face of the planet); how quickly rock crystal crystals grow and why the leaf of the common plantain is considered healing. (According to I. Akimushkin.)
(169 words.)
Grammar task
Parse the given sentences.
Determine the types of subordinate clauses in complex sentences.
Dear, cherished
With the sound of a heavy downpour, flashing with lightning, a thundercloud fell into the forests. There is still a rumble there, the short summer rain continues to fall. It became brighter all around, the sun's rays splashed after the cloud, and a seven-color rainbow appeared in half the sky over the forests. 4
For me, since childhood, it carries two mysteries. Firstly, where did this word come from - from the arc or from joy? Secondly, where and how can one find its base?
According to an old belief, there, at the foot of the rainbow, treasures of countless treasures are buried. Is that why it shimmers so brightly? Isn’t that the only reason it can make you smile? I thought what a blessing it would be to visit the cherished foothills! Only at no time has there been a person who has been there.
A lot has changed over the years. I haven't been looking for the bottom of the rainbow for a long time. I know for sure that the rainbow rests on its native land, rich in countless treasures. 4 That’s why its overflows are bright, that’s why there’s an echo of joy in its very name.
Much changes, but the rainbow remains the same. And it doesn't fade. Just as beautiful as in her childhood years. This is happiness. (According to F. Polenov.)
Grammar task
Parse the given sentences.
Find a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses and draw up a diagram of this sentence.
Winter
1) So, it has come - the long-awaited winter! 2) It’s good to go for a run in the frost on the first winter morning! 3) The streets, yesterday still gloomy like autumn, are completely covered with burning snow, and the sun shimmers in it with a blinding brilliance. 4) A bizarre pattern of frost lay on shop windows and tightly closed windows of houses, frost covered the branches of poplars. 5) If you look along the street, which stretches out like a smooth ribbon, or if you look close, you look around - everything is the same everywhere: snow, snow, snow...
6) Occasionally a rising breeze pricks your face and ears, but how beautiful everything is around! 7) What gentle, soft snowflakes smoothly swirl in the air! 8) No matter how prickly the frost is, it is also pleasant. 9) Isn’t that why we all love winter, because it, just like spring, fills our chests with an exciting feeling.
10) Everything is alive, everything is bright in the transformed nature, everything is full of invigorating freshness. 11) It’s so easy to breathe and your soul feels so good that you involuntarily smile and want to say in a friendly way to this wonderful winter morning:
− 12) Hello, long-awaited, cheerful winter! (143 words.)
Grammar task
1. From sentences 3-4, write down a word with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
From sentence 7, write down the word with the unstressed vowel being tested at the root.
Write down the phrase (sentence No. 7) based on management.
Write down the grammatical basis of sentence No. 8.
Write down the grammatical bases of sentence No. 10.
From sentence No. 3, write down a separate common agreed upon definition.
From sentence No. 5, write down a separate common agreed upon definition.
Among sentences 8-11, find a complex one with coordinating and subordinating connections. Write the number of this offer.
Among sentences 6-7, find a compound one. Write the number of this offer.
Indicate the SPP number with an adverbial concessive clause.
Name a way to form words in a friendly, tight way.
Father
1) When I remember my father, I always feel remorse. 2) It seems that he did not appreciate and love him enough. 3) Every time I feel guilty that I know too little of his life. 4) I didn’t bother to recognize her when I could! 5) I try and cannot understand what kind of person he was.
6) And he was amazing with some wonderful talent of his nature.
7) That winter I was twenty years old, and he was sixty. 8) My youthful powers have just blossomed, no matter what. 9) And his whole life was behind him. 10) And no one that winter understood as he did what was in my soul, did not feel the combination of sorrow and youth in it.
11) It was a sunny day, and the snow-lit courtyard looked tenderly out the office window.
12) Father took the guitar and began to play something he loved and loved. 13) His gaze became firm and cheerful in harmony with the gentle joy of the guitar, muttering with a sad smile about something dear and lost, about the fact that everything in life passes and is not worth tears. (According to I. Bunin.)
(152 words.)
Exercise
From sentences 8-10, write down the word with an unpronounceable consonant at the root.
From sentences 11-13, write down the word with an unpronounceable consonant at the root.
Write down the phrase (sentence No. 7) built on the basis of agreement.
Write down the phrase (sentence No. 11) built on the basis of adjacency.
Write down the grammatical bases of sentence No. 4.
Write down the grammatical bases of sentence No. 13.
What part of speech is the word everyone and some? Name their categories.
Among sentences 11-13, find a complex sentence that includes a compound. Write the number of this offer.
Among sentences 7-10, find a complex sentence that includes a compound. Write the number of this offer.
Among sentences 1-4, indicate the SPP number with an adjective attribute.
Among sentences 6-10, indicate the SPP number with an explanatory clause.
Call the way words are formed talent and not enough.
Fram and heron
1) In windy weather, a fledgling chick fell out of the nest, but could not fly; it was no different from adult birds.
2) I caught it and, carefully holding it by its long, sharp, awl-like beak, I brought it home. 3) The burning eyes of the young heron seemed unkind. 4) I held the beak of the caught heron with my hand, fearing that it would gouge out my eye. 5) I arranged it on a small glass veranda, where my dog Fram was placed in the corner.
6) The heron located in the other corner did not seem to pay attention to her. 7) She soon got used to her abode and willingly ate the fish that was brought to her. 8) When Fram was given food in a clay cup and he began to gnaw at the bones, a funny picture was repeated: the heron was slowly heading towards Fram. 9) He bared his teeth and barked, but she did not pay the slightest attention to it. 10) Slowly approaching Fram, she examined the cup, the gnawed bones, turned around and just as slowly walked away. 11) I kept this bird for a short time and released it into the wild. 12) She flapped her wide wings and soon disappeared.
13) I then realized that all living things require care. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov.)
(164 words.)
Exercise
From sentences 2-4, write down a word with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
Write down the phrase (sentence No. 13) based on management.
Write down the phrase (sentence No. 9) built on the basis of agreement.
Write down the grammatical bases of sentence No. 5.
Write down the grammatical bases of sentence No. 7.
From sentence No. 2, write out an isolated circumstance.
From sentence No. 10, write down a separate circumstance.
Find in the text complex sentences with explanatory clauses and attributive clauses. Write the numbers of these sentences.
Write out the introductory word from the text.
Write out the comparative phrase from the text.
Name the way to form the words gnaw and slowly.
Lyubka grass
1) At noon I found myself in a sparsely-trunked pine forest, where there was silence, thickened by dusk.
2) I climbed the pass. 3) Branched ferns soon appeared, at the sight of which, as always, something moves in the heart. 4) It’s not that it’s dying, but it’s anxiously waiting for some miracles. 5) This is how it shrank in childhood when the narrator told a scary fairy tale.
6) The sun scattered towards me like a yellow sheaf. 7) I opened my eyes slightly: ahead I could see the crowns of pine trees growing in the crevices. 8) The edge of the ridge was scratched. 9) Above and below everything was buzzing with the wings of bees and wasps. 10) Wild peonies burned out like forgotten fires. 11) Among the forest stuff, a lyubka sparkled with mica petals, almost unnoticed by the children.
12) I would collect this grass from all the forests and swamps, infuse its roots and give people water, so that they would be filled with respect for each other and would understand that to love is a human purpose, a divine command. (According to V. Astafiev.)
(132 words.)
Exercise
Write out all words with long hard sounds from sentence No. 5.
Write out from sentence No. 6 all the words with a mismatch in the number of sounds and letters.
Name the method of word formation for the words sundry and filled. Write down the word from which they are derived. Name the way these words are formed.
What part of speech are the words above, below, towards? What other part of speech could they be in another context?
Indicate how sentences No. 1 and No. 11 are complicated.
From sentences 4-5, write down words with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
From sentences 7-10, write down a word with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
Write down the phrase (sentence No. 4) built on the basis of adjacency.
Write down the phrase (sentence No. 3) built on the basis of agreement.
Find in the text a compound with a subordinate clause. Write the number of this offer.
Find complex subordinates with attributive clauses in the text. Write the numbers of these sentences.
Birthday of the day
1) The best thing in the world is to watch the day appear! 2) The first ray of sunshine broke out. 3) The shadow of the night quietly hides in the gorges of the mountains, and their peaks smile with a gentle smile.
4) The waves of the sea raise their white heads high and bow to the rising sun. 5) “Good afternoon!” - says the sun, rising above the sea.
6) The flowers, weighed down with dew, sway playfully. 7) They reach out to the sun, and its rays burn in the drops of dew, showering the petals and leaves with the sparkle of diamonds.
8) Golden bees circle above them, greedily drink sweet honey, and their thick song flows in the air.
9) Red-breasted robins woke up, the first to greet the sun. 10) Siskins are jumping in the bushes, swallows are chasing midges.
11) People wake up and go to the fields to do their work. 12) The sun looks at them and smiles. 13) It knows better than anyone how much good has been done by people on earth. 14) It once saw it as a desert, but now the earth is covered with the great work of people. (According to M. Gorky.)
Exercise
How many hard sounds are there in the word sun in sentence No. 7? Write these sounds.
How many soft sounds are there in the word aggravated in sentence No. 7? Write these sounds.
Name the method of word formation of the word quietly in sentence No. 3. Write down the word from which it is formed.
Name the method of word formation of the word once in sentence No. 14. Write down the word from which it is formed.
What part of speech is the word better in sentence No. 13? What other part of speech could it be in another context?
What part of speech is the word playful in sentence No. 6? What other part of speech could it be in another context?
Indicate how sentences No. 7 and No. 8 are complicated.
From sentences 6-8, write down a word with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
From sentences 1-4, write down words with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
Write down the phrase (sentence No. 1) built on the basis of management.
Write down the phrase (sentence No. 14) built on the basis of agreement.
Find in sentences 1-5 a compound with an explanatory clause. Write the number of this offer.
Find in sentences 9−14 a compound with an explanatory clause. Write the number of this offer.
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Entrance test program (dictation)
for applicants of the State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education TO "TPT" entering
at the State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Tula Industrial College"
on the basis of basic general education
Tula, 2013
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Applicants entering the State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education TO "TPT" (hereinafter referred to as the technical school) on the basis of basic general education (9 classes) take entrance tests in the Russian language. By decision of the admissions committee, for all specialties of the technical school, entrance tests in the Russian language are carried out in the form of a dictation (assessed on a 100-point system). The difficulty level of the dictation corresponds to the requirements for mastering the general education subject “Russian Language” within the framework of basic general education. The number of words in the dictation is 150-160.
An exception is made for applicants entering a technical school on the basis of secondary (complete) general education (11 grades), in this case the result of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language is counted.
This publication includes characteristics and descriptions of the exam procedure, assessment criteria, a program of entrance tests in the Russian language, a sample dictation, a list of recommended literature and questions for self-testing.
Exam characteristics
Dictation in the Russian language is a form of exam. The purpose of the Russian language exam in the form of a dictation is to determine whether the applicant has knowledge in the field of Russian phonetics, morphology, word formation, speech culture and stylistics, as well as spelling and punctuation skills provided for by the State Standard of Basic General Education.
The main requirement for applicants for the entrance exam in the Russian language is knowledge of the theory of the Russian language for the course of basic secondary school (grades 5 - 9), knowledge of spelling and punctuation norms, and mastery of speech culture skills.
The exam in the form of a dictation is conducted in writing. The dictation contains material on spelling and punctuation of the modern language, phonetics, vocabulary, word composition and word formation, morphology, syntax, speech culture and stylistics.
Exam duration – 60 minutes. The use of reference literature during the exam is not permitted.
Exam Procedure
Before the exam, each applicant receives title pages with inserts. Before completing written work, the applicant fills out the title page of the work. Written work is performed on sheets of paper on which no conventional notes are allowed.
After the entrance test, all written work is transferred to the executive secretary of the admissions committee or his deputy.
Checking the dictation by examiners and familiarizing themselves with the results of the check
When checking written work, examiners should not know which of the applicants is the author of the work. To do this, before checking the work, it is necessary to encode it. Coding of written work is carried out by the executive secretary of the admissions committee or his deputy. In this case, each applicant is assigned a conditional code, which is placed on the title page and on each insert sheet. All sheets - inserts with the records of a given applicant are stapled into a single set. The first sheet is marked with the total number of sheets (“Total sheets __”).
The chairman of the subject examination commission additionally checks written works rated by the examiners as “unsatisfactory” and the highest score, as well as 5% of the remaining works and certifies the correctness of the assessments with his signature.
The dictation is checked by an examination committee. All errors that the examinee made in the work are indicated using generally accepted signs in the margins of the work.
The results of the written entrance test are announced on the day of the test or the next day.
After the assessment is announced, the applicant has the right, at the time established by the admissions committee, to familiarize himself with the results of the examination and receive appropriate explanations from the examiners.
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE ENTRANCE TEST PROGRAM
Phonetics. Orthoepy. Spelling
Speech sounds and letters. Vowels and consonants. Voiceless and voiced, hard and soft consonants. Indication of softness of consonants in writing. Positional changes of consonants. Unstressed vowels, their spelling. Spelling of consonants in the roots of words. Use Kommersant And b separating marks. Syllable, stress. Basic rules of literary pronunciation.
Vocabulary and phraseology
The concept of vocabulary. The word as a unit of language. Meaning of the word (direct, figurative). Multiple and unambiguous words. Homonyms. Synonyms. Antonyms.
Vocabulary wealth of the Russian language. Outdated words and neologisms. Original Russian and borrowed words. Neutral and stylistically colored words.
Free combinations of words and phraseological units.
Morphemics. Word formation. Spelling
Derivational and inflectional morphemes. The stem of the word and the ending. Root, suffix, prefix, ending as significant parts of a word. Similar words. Alternation of consonants and vowels in the root. Spelling of words with alternating vowels in the roots zar-zor; gar-gor; cas-cos; lag-lozh, grow, grow-grow; Bir-ber, dir-der, tir-ter, steel-steel, pir-per, zhig-zheg, mir-mer, equal-level, mak-mok. Letters e And O after sibilants in different parts of the word. Letters Y And AND after C in different parts of the word. Letters Y And AND after prefixes ending in a consonant. Spelling of prefixes. Letters Z And WITH at the end of the attachments; consoles AT- And PRE-.
Methods of word formation in the Russian language.
Complex words and their spelling.
Analysis of words by composition and word-formation analysis.
Morphology. Spelling
Noun. The meaning of a noun and its grammatical features. Nouns, animate and inanimate, proper and common nouns. Genus. Number. Case. Gender of indeclinable nouns. Types of declension, spelling of noun endings. Spelling suffixes of nouns. Syntactic role of nouns.
Adjective. The meaning of the adjective and its grammatical features. Adjectives are qualitative, relative and possessive. Full and short forms. Declension of adjectives. Degrees of comparison of adjectives. Spelling the endings of adjectives. Spelling adjective suffixes. N And NN in full and short adjectives; combined and separate writing NOT with adjectives. Syntactic role of adjectives.
Numeral. The meaning of the numeral name. Classification of numerals. Numerals are quantitative and ordinal. Features of declension of numerals. Spelling of numerals. Syntactic role of numerals. Norms for the use of numerals.
Pronoun. The meaning of pronouns. Pronoun categories. Declension of pronouns. Spelling of indefinite and negative pronouns. Syntactic role of various categories of pronouns. Using pronouns as a means of communication.
Verb. The meaning of the verb and its grammatical features. Infinitive. Perfect and imperfect forms of the verb. Transitive and intransitive verbs. Indicative, conditional, imperative mood of the verb. First and second conjugation. Spelling personal endings of verbs, NOT with a verb, verb suffixes, TSIA - TSIA.
Participle. Active and passive participles. Full and short passive participles. Declension of full participles and spelling of case endings. NOT with participles. Spelling of vowels in participle suffixes. N And NN in suffixes of participles and verbal adjectives, short participles. Participial. The syntactic role of the participle.
Participle. Participial turnover. Participles of the perfect and imperfect form. NOT with participles. The syntactic role of the gerund. Standards for constructing sentences with adverbial verbs.
Adverb. The meaning of adverbs. Classification of adverbs. Word formation of adverbs. Degrees of comparison of adverbs. NOT with adverbs. Continuous, separate and hyphenated writing of adverbs. Spelling of indefinite and negative adverbs. N And NN in adverbs. Syntactic role of adverbs.
Pretext. The concept of preposition, its use in speech. Derivative and non-derivative prepositions. Spelling of derivative prepositions.
Union. Union as a functional part of speech. Coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Integrated and separate writing of conjunctions and homonymous expressions. The text-forming role of conjunctions.
Particles. Particle as a functional part of speech. The syntactic role of particles in a sentence. Distinguishing on the letter of particles NOT And NI.
Interjection. The meaning of interjections. Punctuation marks for interjections.
Syntax. Punctuation
Phrase. Methods of subordination in a phrase: coordination, control, adjacency.
Complex cases of management and coordination.
Offer. Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, incentive. Exclamatory sentences. The sentences are simple and complex.
Simple two-part sentences. The main members of the proposal. Ways of expressing the subject. Simple verb, compound verb and compound nominal predicate. Dash between subject and predicate. Secondary members of a sentence and ways of expressing them.
Simple one-part sentences. Definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal and nominal sentences.
Incomplete sentences. Punctuation marks in incomplete sentences.
Homogeneous members of the sentence. Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions. Punctuation marks between homogeneous members and with generalizing words.
Isolated members of a sentence. The concept of isolation. Separate definitions, applications, additions, circumstances and punctuation marks for them. Punctuation marks for clarifying parts of a sentence.
Addresses, introductory words and interjections. There are punctuation marks with them. The use of introductory words as a means of communication between sentences.
Methods of transmitting someone else's speech. Direct speech, dialogue, indirect speech. Punctuation marks for direct and indirect speech. Citation.
Difficult sentence. The concept of a complex sentence. Types of complex sentences. Conjunctive and subordinating and non-conjunctive connections in sentences.
Compound Sentences and punctuation marks between their parts. Complex sentences. Conjunctions and allied words as means of communication between their parts. Types of subordinate clauses. Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses and punctuation marks in them. Types of subordination: homogeneous, parallel and sequential.
Non-union complex sentence. Meaningful relationships between parts. Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence. Variation of punctuation marks.
Complex sentences with different types of connections. Punctuation marks in sentences with coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections.
Text. Types and styles of speech
Text as a speech work. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text. Sequential arrangement of text parts. Means of communication between sentences.
Types of texts according to functional and semantic features: description, narration, reasoning. Speech styles: scientific, official business, journalistic, artistic, colloquial.
Selection of linguistic means in the text. Means of expressive speech: epithet, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, comparison, antithesis, rhetorical question, rhetorical exclamation, rhetorical appeal, anaphora.
SELF TEST QUESTIONS
1. List the vowel sounds of the Russian language.
2. How to check the spelling of vowels and consonants in the root of a word?
4. After what part of the word is a hard sign written?
11. List the ways of forming words in the Russian language. Determine how the words are formed: starless, cup holder, a little, in French, exit, car repair, incoherent, line up.
13. When in the roots of words after hissing words is the letter “Ё” written?
14. In suffixes of nouns, adjectives and adverbs, after sibilants, under stress, is it written “O” or “Ё”? What about the endings of verbs?
15. When is a soft sign written at the end of hissing words?
16. Under what conditions is the letter “Y” written after the prefix?
17. What determines the choice of vowel in roots with alternation? Is it possible to check them using stress?
18. Remember the meaning of the prefixes PRI- and PRE-. Give examples.
19. Does the prefix “C” have a voiced pair?
20. What is a noun? What permanent characteristics does it have?
21. How to determine the spelling of noun endings?
22. How to determine the gender of indeclinable nouns? Determine the gender of nouns: depot, cockatoo, lady, foyer, coffee, Ontario, Sochi, kangaroo, flowerpot, subway. Choose adjectives for them.
24. To what category do adjectives that have degrees of comparison belong?
25. Which part of the sentence is the adjective in the comparative degree?
26. How many N are written in the suffix -an/-yang? Name exceptions to the rule.
27. When is NOT written together with adjectives, nouns and adverbs? When separately?
30. List the categories of pronouns, give examples of each of them.
31. What are the features of spelling negative and indefinite pronouns?
32. List the constant morphological features of the verb.
33. How to determine which letter is written in the unstressed personal ending of a verb?
34. What verbs are conjugated using the second conjugation?
35. What conjugation does the verb belong to? lay? How would you write its forms: he creeps along the plain; we spread the carpet; they made the bed?
36. Formulate the rule for spelling one and two letters “N” in full and short participles.
37. What form of participles is written with NOT separately? What part of the sentence is this form?
38. What is the peculiarity of using the participial phrase?
39. In what ways can adverbs be formed? What adverbs formed by the prefix-suffix method are written with a hyphen?
40. From what parts of speech are derived prepositions formed? Remember the prepositions that cause the most difficulties in spelling.
41. How to distinguish between conjunctions “also” and “too” and expressions with particles “the same”: “the same” and “the same”?
42. Determine the method of subordination in phrases: my version, an order to leave, some rumor, a bouquet of flowers, I remembered myself, Turkish coffee.
43. List the types of one-part sentences, give an example of each of them.
44. What are the features of punctuation for generalizing members of a sentence?
45. Which parts of a sentence can be isolated? What are the features of punctuation for each of them?
46. List the meanings of introductory words. How not to confuse them with members of a sentence?
47. What punctuation marks are used in direct speech? What is the peculiarity of their production with direct speech, broken by the words of the author?
48. What types of subordinate clauses are there?
49. What are the features of punctuation with homogeneous subordination?
50. When is a colon placed between parts of a non-conjunctive complex sentence?
51. What is text?
52. List the speech styles of the Russian literary language.
53. What style of speech is used in the program of entrance tests in the Russian language presented above?
54. Can one text contain several functional and semantic types of speech?
55. Remember the poetic lines in which the poet uses metaphor / epithet / personification / rhetorical question.
SAMPLE VARIANT OF DICCTATION IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
The dictation below was used as an examination test for entrance tests in 2011.
Birds under the snow.
Sometimes you go skiing in the forest, you look - a head appears and hides: it’s a hazel grouse. There are not even two, but three salvations for a hazel grouse under the snow: warmth, food, and you can hide from a hawk.
Now he doesn’t run under the snow, he just wants to hide from the bad weather. Grouse do not have large passages, like hazel grouse under the snow, but the arrangement of the apartment is also neat.
The black grouse, I think, is much smarter than the partridge. Once it happened to me in the forest: I was skiing; Red day, good frost. A large clearing opens up in front of me, in the clearing there are tall birches, and on the birches black grouse feed on buds. I admired it for a long time, but suddenly all the black grouse rushed down and buried themselves in the snow under the birch trees. At the same moment, a hawk appeared, hit the place where the black grouse had buried itself, and entered. Well, he walks right above the black grouse, but he can’t figure out how to dig with his foot and grab it. I was very curious about this. I think: “If he walks, it means he feels them under him, and the hawk has a great mind, but there is no such thing that means this is not given to him.”
I’ve seen a lot of things in the forest, it’s all simple for me, but still I’m amazed at the hawk: so smart, but in this place he turned out to be such a fool. But I think the partridge is the stupidest of all. She was spoiled among people on the threshing floors, no, she was like a black grouse, so that when she saw a hawk, she would rush into the snow with all her might. The partridge will only hide its head in the snow from the hawk, but its entire tail will be visible. The hawk takes her by the tail and drags her.
Textbooks and educational publications
1. Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory: Textbook for grades 5-9. educational institutions. – 5th ed. – M.: Education, JSC “Moscow Textbook”, 1996.
2. Berdnikova E. D., Petryakova A. G. Speech culture tests: For secondary school. – 2nd ed. – M., 2002.
3. Goltsova N.G., Shamshin I.V. Russian language, grades 10 – 11. – M., 2007.
4. Grekov V.F., Kryuchkov S.E., Cheshko L.A. A manual for Russian language classes in high school (any edition).
5. Gromov S.A. Russian language. – M., 2006.
6. Rosenthal D.E. Russian language: A manual for applicants to universities (any edition).
7. Tkachenko N.G. 300 dictations for applicants to universities (any edition).
8. Tkachenko N.G. Tests on Russian grammar (any edition).
9. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I., Kapinos V.I., Lvov V.V. and others. Russian language: grades 5-9 // Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. – M.: Bustard, 2003.
10. Deykina A.D., Pakhnova T.M. Russian language for high school. – M.: Verbum, 2001;
Dictionaries and reference books
1. Lekant P.A., Samsonov I.B. Russian language: Difficulties of grammar and spelling. – M., 1998.
2. Russian spelling dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences / Responsible. ed. V.V. Lopatin. – M., Azbukovnik, 2000.
3. Spelling dictionary of the Russian language / USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of Russian Language; Ed. S.G. Barkhudarova, I.F. Protchenko, L.I. Skvortsova. – 26th ed., stereotype. – M: Russian language, 1988 (and subsequent editions).
4. Tikhonov A. N. Morphemic-spelling dictionary: About 100,000 words / A. N. Tikhonov. – M.: AST Publishing House LLC: Astrel Publishing House LLC, 2002.
5. Russian literary pronunciation and stress. Dictionary-reference book / Ed. R.I. Avanesov and S.I. Ozhegova. – M., 1959.
6. School dictionary of foreign words / Odintsov V.V. and others - M., 1989.
7. School phraseological dictionary of the Russian language / Zhukov V.P., Zhukova. – M., 1988.
8. Shansky N.M. School phraseological dictionary of the Russian language: meaning and origin of phrases. – 3rd ed., stereotype. – M.: Russian language, 1990.
Criteria for assessing the entrance test in the Russian language
When assessing dictation during entrance tests, spelling and punctuation errors are corrected, but not taken into account:
1) In the transfer of words;
2) To rules that are not included in the school curriculum;
4) Misprints, incorrect spelling, distorting the sound appearance of the word.
Mistakes, incorrect spellings that distort the sound appearance of words are corrected, but not taken into account, for example: “rapotet” (instead of working), “dulpo” (instead of duplo), “memlya” (instead of earth).
When evaluating dictations, it is also important to take into account the nature of the error. Among the errors, minor ones should be distinguished, that is, those that do not have significant significance for the characteristics of literacy. When counting errors, two minor ones are counted as one.
Non-blank errors include:
1) In exceptions to the rules;
2) In writing a capital letter in compound proper names;
3) In cases of combined and separate spelling of prefixes in adverbs formed from nouns with prepositions, the spelling of which is not regulated by the rules;
4) In cases of separate and combined writing “not” with adjectives and participles acting as a predicate;
5) In writing s and and after prefixes;
6) In cases of difficult distinctions not and neither (Wherever he turned! Wherever he turned, no one could give him an answer. No one else...; no one else but; nothing else but...; nothing other than, etc. );
7) In proper names of non-Russian origin;
8) In cases where instead of one punctuation mark another is placed;
9) In the omission of one of the combined punctuation marks or in violation of their sequence.
It is also necessary to take into account the repeatability and uniformity of errors. If an error is repeated in the same word or in the roots of words with the same root, then it is counted as one error. The same type of mistake is spelling. Regulated by one rule, for example: spelling of unstressed vowels, “not” with verbs, hyphen after prefixes and in adverbs, spelling of verbs of indefinite form, combination of “zhi”, “shi”, etc.
Errors of the same type are not considered for a rule in which, in order to find out the correct spelling of one word, it is necessary to select another (reference) word or its form (water - water, mouth - mouth, sad - sad, sharp - sharp).
The first three errors of the same type are counted as one error, each subsequent similar error is counted as an independent one.
The dictation is assessed on a hundred-point and five-point system.
100 points or a grade of “5” is awarded for error-free work, as well as if it contains one minor spelling or one minor punctuation error.
70 points or a score of “4” is given if the dictation contains no more than 2 spelling errors and no more than 2 punctuation errors, or 2 spelling errors and no more than 3 punctuation errors, or no more than 4 punctuation errors in the absence of spelling errors errors.
50 points or a score of “3” is given if there are no more than 4 spelling errors and no more than 4 punctuation errors, or no more than 4 spelling errors and no more than 4 punctuation errors, or no more than 8 punctuation errors in the absence of spelling errors. A rating of “3” can also be given if there are 5 spelling and 5 punctuation errors, if among both there are similar and non-gross errors.
30 points or a grade of “2” is given from 6 spelling and 7 punctuation errors.
Rules included in the dictation
In Russian:
An unstressed vowel at the root of a word. Speech sounds and letters.
Vowels after sibilants. b after the hissing ones. Vowels after C.
Root of the word. Prefix and suffix. Word formation.
Alternation of sounds in the root of a word. Spelling of unstressed vowels at the root of a word.
a – o; e – i.
Spelling of roots with alternating vowels e – i.
Spelling of consonants and vowels in prefixes.
Spelling of prefixes at- And pre-. Lexical meaning of the word.
Direct and figurative meaning of the word.
The word and its forms. Case and declension of nouns.
Declension of nouns in the plural.
Infinitive. Types of verbs. Person and number of verbs. Conjugation of verbs.
Variably conjugated verbs. Spelling verb suffixes.
Adjectives with suffix – th. Degrees of comparison of adjectives.
Simple, complex and compound numerals.
Declension of cardinal numerals.
Syntactic features of cardinal numerals.
Degrees of comparison of adverbs.
Relative and indefinite pronouns. Indefinite pronouns.
Participial. Status words.
Word formation of active and passive participles.
Vowels in participles before – nn – and – n -. spelling – nn – in participles.
Spelling Not with participles. Participial turnover.
Word formation of gerunds.
Functional parts of speech. Spelling prepositions. Spelling Not And neither.
Basic types of simple sentences. Impersonal offers.
Separation of definitions.
Isolation of participial phrases.
Sentences with introductory words, phrases and clauses.
Proposals with appeals. Main types of complex sentences.
The meaning of complex non-union sentences. Punctuation marks in them.
Methods of transmitting someone else's speech.
for entrance exams
by academic discipline
"RUSSIAN LANGUAGE"
The old violinist-musician loved to play at the foot of the Pushkin monument. This monument stood in Moscow, at the beginning of Tverskoy Boulevard, poems are written on it, and marble steps rise to it on all four sides. Having climbed these steps to the pedestal itself, the old musician turned his face to the boulevard, to the distant Nikitinsky Gate, and touched the strings of the violin with his bow. Children, passers-by, newspaper readers from the local kiosk immediately gathered at the monument - and they all fell silent in anticipation of the music, because music consoles people, it promises them happiness and a glorious life. The musician placed the case from his violin on the ground opposite the monument; it was closed, and in it lay a piece of black bread and an apple so that he could eat whenever he wanted.
Usually the old man went out to play in the evening. It was more beneficial for his music to make the world quieter and darker. The old man was bored by the thought that he was not bringing any good to people, and so he voluntarily went to play on the boulevard. There, the sounds of his violin were heard in the air, in the darkness, and at least occasionally they reached the depths of the human heart, touching him with a gentle and courageous force that captivated him to live a higher, beautiful life. Some music listeners took out money to give it to the old man, but did not know where to put it; the violin case was closed, and the musician himself was high at the foot of the monument, almost next to Pushkin.
He went home late, sometimes already at midnight, when people became sparse and only some random lonely person could listen.