Eye pressure: normal, symptoms of increase, treatment. Signs of increased eye pressure, causes and treatment Why fundus pressure is measured

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Fluid is constantly moving inside our eyes - a certain amount of it enters the cornea, and the same amount flows out.

Violation of the inflow or outflow leads to changes in intraocular pressure, to its decrease or increase.

Deviation from the norm is a rather dangerous phenomenon, which, if not properly treated, can lead to vision loss.

A similar pathology can occur in anyone, so it is important to know the causes and symptoms of changes in intraocular pressure and how to bring the value back to normal. What causes eye pressure to increase or decrease will be discussed below.

Reasons causing changes

First of all, the risk group includes people who have a problematic cardiovascular system. Also, these disorders are often detected in those suffering from farsightedness or atherosclerosis.

Particular attention to the condition of the eyes should be paid to people with a hereditary predisposition to the disease.

Main causes of high eye pressure

What causes eye pressure to rise:

Stressful situations, increased excitability, emotional outbursts
Constantly working at a computer for long periods of time or any other conditions that cause eye strain
Increased blood pressure, hypertension
Chronic kidney disease
Problems in the cardiovascular system
Thyroid diseases
Chemical poisoning

All these conditions cause changes for some time. Constant elevation is a sign of glaucoma and is more common in older people.

Causes of low pressure in the eyes

How to measure eye pressure

Ocular pressure is measured mainly in three ways: electrotonography, using a Maklakov tonometer, and pneumotachography.

Accurate and correct measurement of eye pressure at home is impossible, as this must be done by a doctor!

What eye pressure values are considered normal?

Eye pressure is measured in mm. mercury column. Normal eye pressure: indicators range from 9 to 22 mm. rt. Art. When measuring pressure values, you should take into account the time of day: morning and evening values may differ from each other by 2-2.5 mm.

It also matters what instrument the measurement was taken with.

Maklakov’s tonometer gives normal values from 17 to 26 mm. rt. Art. The pneumotonometer determines the norm as 10-21 mm.

Normal after 60 years

Normal blood pressure in adults depends on age. Age-related changes in the cornea and eyeball lead to changes in intraocular pressure (it increases, and the eyeball stretches). The outflow of intraocular fluid is disrupted, which leads to an increase in ophthalmotonus.

After 40 years, it is necessary to undergo an examination by an ophthalmologist every year. with mandatory measurement of intraocular pressure, since the likelihood of glaucoma increases with age. Normal eye pressure at 60 years of age and older is 23 mmHg. Art.

Normal eye pressure for glaucoma

What eye pressure is considered normal depends on the form and severity of this pathology.

There are currently 4 known forms of the disease:

Initial (< 27 мм рт. ст.);
Severe (27-32 mm Hg);
Deep (> 33 mm Hg);
Final (significantly > 33 mmHg).

When glaucoma appears, a gradual increase in ophthalmotonus occurs as the outflow of moisture from the eye chambers worsens. The patient may not feel this and may not seek medical help, making timely diagnosis difficult. Eye drops for glaucoma and eye pressure are prescribed by your doctor!

Symptoms of abnormal eye pressure

The difficulty in determining disorders lies in the almost complete absence of symptoms in the early stages of the development of pathologies. Changes at the onset of the disease do not manifest themselves. Only an ophthalmologist can determine the presence of a problem.

Sign of low eye pressure: The patient's vision begins to gradually deteriorate. In the absence of proper treatment, the eyeball begins to atrophy and change shape, sinking.

If the decrease occurred due to an infectious disease and dehydration, symptoms of eye disorders include rare blinking and lack of shine.

Increased eye pressure at the initial stage also occurs without obvious symptoms. With further development, the patient begins to notice heaviness in the eyes and fatigue. Next, pain appears in the temples, and redness of the eyes may occur.

The following symptoms are observed with high blood pressure:

Migraine and severe eye pain
Active visual impairment
Blurred vision,
Deterioration in picture quality at dusk
Decreased lateral vision, reduced field of vision

We will consider what to do with eye pressure below.

Treatment when the disease is detected

Treatment of low eye pressure is aimed at eliminating the cause of this condition. Treatment methods for high vision vary depending on the severity of the eye condition.

In the early stages of the disease, conservative treatment is used. How to reduce eye pressure at home:

Do ;
Use eye drops that improve fluid drainage;
Reduce time watching TV and working on the computer;
Wear special safety glasses.

It is also necessary to spend more time walking outdoors and to exclude strength and contact sports for the duration of treatment.

If increased intraocular pressure is an accompanying phenomenon with any other disease, it is necessary to begin comprehensive treatment.

Treatment of eye pressure with folk remedies, Three recipes are especially popular:

The use of traditional recipes should be discussed with your doctor

Golden mustache tincture. Pour 500 ml of vodka onto 20 antennae and place in a cool, dark place for 12 days. Drink one dessert spoon every morning before breakfast. Strain before use.

Red clover. 1 tbsp. Pour 150 ml of boiling water over a spoonful of dry herbs. Strain and take daily before bed. The course of admission is 1 month.
It is recommended to take kefir with a pinch of cinnamon.

If conservative methods have not brought any results and vision continues to deteriorate, doctors are forced to take more radical methods: laser treatment, and in the most advanced cases, microsurgical intervention.

Drops for eye pressure

According to the mechanism of action, drops are divided into:

These drops contain:

B-blockers. Medicines in this subgroup reduce the production of aqueous humor, reduce its volume (thymol) or reduce production without affecting the volume ();
Cholinomimetics (). Constrict the pupil, improve the outflow of intraocular fluid;
Prostaglandin or latanoprost (,). Stimulates the removal of intraocular fluid. Indicated for open-angle glaucoma. Due to the outflow of fluid between the lens and cornea, the rate of progression of glaucoma decreases.

Each of these groups has its own positive and negative properties. Drops are selected by an ophthalmologist taking into account concomitant diseases. In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned, relatively inexpensive eye drops, there are combination eye drops (Xalacom), which are an order of magnitude more expensive, but also more effective.

Treating eye pressure at home

How to lower eye pressure at home, you can use the following tips:

Useful in such cases are dill, grapes, watermelon, birch sap, currants, rowan, and pumpkin.

The dangers of high and low eye pressure

Increased intraocular pressure causes glaucoma. If it is not treated with drops that normalize ophthalmotonus, then death of the optic nerve may occur, which leads to blindness.

Low eye pressure over time can cause it to shrink. The regulatory functions of the vitreous body are disrupted, which leads to severe visual impairment.

Regardless of the reason that caused the decrease in pressure, vision deteriorates up to the development of total blindness.

You should regularly consult an ophthalmologist for preventive examinations. This will help to detect pathology in a timely manner and develop a set of measures necessary to preserve and restore vision.

Prevention

Problems with intraocular pressure can lead to dire consequences, namely glaucoma and vision loss. What preventive measures will help maintain normal fluid circulation in the eyes? It's not that complicated:

Thus, the right approach will help avoid many problems associated with eye diseases. Don’t miss alarming symptoms and contact a specialist for advice!

Thanks to portable tonometers, you can measure eye pressure at home to identify ophthalmological disorders at an early stage. If symptoms of serious eye pathologies appear, it is recommended to consult an ophthalmologist. You should not start taking medications on your own based on tonometer readings.

What it is?

Changes in eye fluid pressure levels during the day range from 3 to 6 mm Hg. Art. is the norm.

The physical indicator is determined by the ratio of incoming and outgoing fluid from the eyeball. The level of intraocular pressure within normal limits affects the tone of the membrane and maintains the spherical shape of the eye. Violations provoke the development of pathological processes that can lead to blindness. Indicators for a healthy eye are 19-26.6 mm Hg. Art. Pressure depends on the following factors:

time of day at the time of measurement;
individual structural features of the organ of vision;
age;
climatic conditions;
physiological indicators of the body.

While working at a monitor, eye pressure increases.

It is important to consider that working on a computer or reading books increases blood pressure, while intense training and sports lower it. At increased risk are people over 40 years of age who, due to weakness of the eye muscles and vascular walls, have an imbalance of fluid in the visual organ. A check carried out when the first symptoms appear will stop the destructive process and normalize the functioning of the eyes.

When should you check?

For preventive purposes, it is recommended to regularly measure blood pressure for middle-aged and elderly people. If discomfort occurs in the eyes during prolonged work, it is also recommended to consult an ophthalmologist. Deviations from the norm in any direction pose a health hazard. If it is high, the risk of developing glaucoma increases, and if it is low, it provokes atrophy of nerve fibers. Negative symptoms that will help recognize the problem in the early stages include the following:

weakening of visual abilities;
redness;
night blindness;
the appearance of black dots in the field of vision;
migraine;
dehydration and dryness;
feeling of overstrain of the visual organ;
high eye fatigue;
blurred vision.

How to determine blood pressure at home?

The ICare device is most often used at home.

You can independently measure eye parameters using non-contact tonometers, the use of which does not require special medical education or the administration of anesthetic drugs. The devices provide the most accurate results, but also have a high cost. Popular tonometers include the portable model ICare and TVGD 01. Among the advantages of the devices are:

no manual configuration required;
automatic immobilization of the face in the desired position;
quick results displayed on the screen;
the process can be interrupted at any time.

Non-contact techniques do not cause discomfort after use, unlike surgical techniques, after which temporary scratches may form on the mucous membrane.

When assessing the condition of the visual organ, special attention is paid to determining the pressure inside the eyeballs. Known methods for measuring eye pressure differ in their technique and have some features.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the force with which the contents of the eyeball press on its walls. It maintains the shape of the eye and regulates a constant level of nutrients. The IOP value depends on the following indicators:

production and outflow of internal fluid;
pupil width;
level of tone of the outer membranes of the eye (sclera and cornea);
sensitivity and degree of filling of the choroid and capillaries of the ciliary body;

A healthy person has a clear mutual regulation of all elements. The level of intraocular pressure fluctuates throughout the day, this is normal. Typically, muscle and vascular tone is higher in the morning. But these fluctuations are insignificant and do not affect the condition of the eyes in any way.

If changes in IOP under the influence of negative factors cause anatomical or functional disorders of the eye, then serious diseases are possible. Fluctuations in pressure can be associated with eye pathologies, as well as with disturbances in the functioning of other organs and systems.

The IOP norm does not depend on age, and its readings are approximately the same in adults and children. On average, it ranges from 10 to 25 mmHg and depends on the method chosen for measurement.

Determination methods

How to measure intraocular pressure? If necessary, eye tonometry is used. During this procedure, the degree of elasticity of the eyeball is determined, based on measuring the level of its deformation during external exposure (with a tonometer). There are 2 types of changes in the shape of the cornea:

impression, or depression;
applanation, or flattening.

All tonometers and techniques for measuring intraocular pressure are divided into impression and applanation. The first impression device was created in 1862 by Graefe, which was crude, complex and not entirely accurate. More progressive was the Schiotz tonometer, which appeared in 1862 and became widespread. The applanation technique began with the Maklakov tonometer, invented in 1884.

Measuring intraocular pressure differs in the technique used. All methods are divided into the following types:

palpation (indicative);
contact (using tonometers);
contactless.

Palpation method of examination

How to determine eye pressure using this method? The palpation, or finger, method allows you to give a rough estimate of fundus pressure. The patient is asked to sit on the couch, close his eyelids and look down. The doctor carefully places his index fingers on the upper eyelid and applies gentle pressure.

Thus, he gets an approximate idea of density. The norm is a soft eyeball, but if it is dense and hard, then the IOP is increased. The level depends on the compliance of the sclera. The results are assessed using the 3-point Bowman system.

This method requires some experience and is used in cases where instrumental methods are impossible: for injuries, surgical interventions. In other cases, eye pressure is measured using tonometry.

The simplest and therefore inaccurate method for diagnosing increased IOP is palpation

Applanation tonometry method

How eye pressure is measured using the principle of corneal flattening can be understood using the example of the Maklakov tonometer. The method is simple and accurate. The advantages of the device include its low cost. Among the disadvantages, it should be noted the possibility of infection in the eye, as with any other contact method.

Tonometry according to Maklakov is carried out using a set of weights of different weights. The tonometer itself is a metal cylinder, hollow inside. At the ends of the device there are polished plates of frosted glass. Their diameter is 1 mm. The study describes the following algorithm:

The tonometer areas are disinfected and lubricated with a thin layer of special paint. It is applied by touching the device to a stamp from a set of tonometers. Excess paint is removed with a sterile swab.
The patient lies down on the couch, and the examining specialist takes a place at his head. Anesthesia is instilled into the conjunctival sac. Typically this is a 0.5% dicaine solution. The treatment is carried out twice with a minute break. The doctor spreads the eyelids, pressing the edges to the periosteum. A weight weighing 10 g is lowered perpendicularly into the eye being measured onto the cornea. IOP in each eye is measured separately. Doctors usually start the examination with the right eye.
The force of the weight flattens the cornea. At the point of contact with the device, the paint is erased, and a round imprint (white disk) remains on the base of the tonometer. The latter is transferred to a paper sheet moistened with alcohol and the diameter is measured with a ruler, which has divisions in mm r. Art. The larger the contact area (i.e., the softer the eyeball), the lower the ophthalmotonus.
At the end of the procedure, be sure to apply antiseptic drops to avoid infection.

This method is more accurate and reliable compared to finger diagnostics. The IOP norm with this method is in the range from 18 to 25 mm R. Art. To determine the true pressure, the tonometric value should be reduced by 4-5 units.

Modern methods of applanation tonometry

As you can see, this device is not perfect. There is a more modern transpalpebral tonometer. Compared to Maklakov’s technology, this method is more accurate, quick and painless, since the elasticity of the cornea is measured by mechanical impact on the eyeball through the eyelid.

Another improved version of the applanation tonometry method is the Goldmann tonometer. It is mounted on a slit lamp and has a prism that is applied to the cornea. Anesthesia and instillation of a fluorescein solution are preliminarily performed.

An illuminated prism makes it possible to observe the tear menisci, which, as a result of light refraction, have the appearance of two half rings. Then the cornea is flattened by adjustable prism pressure until the half-rings converge into a single point. The IOP value is determined using an instrument scale.

Impression tonometry method

How to check eye pressure if the cornea is curved and it is impossible to cover a large area? In this case, the Schiotz method is used. The measurement is carried out by pressing on the eyeball with a rod with a constant mass. The procedure is carried out with preliminary anesthesia. The amount of indentation is determined in linear quantities, and then using special nomograms it is converted into mm r. Art.

Non-contact method for measuring IOP

This method eliminates all the disadvantages of previous methods. It is based on the use of tonometers, which are complex electronic devices. The patient sits in front of the device and focuses his gaze on a specific target. The measurement is carried out using an air jet, which affects the cornea and makes it possible to obtain a quick and accurate result. The method is completely painless and is called pneumotonometry.

How to measure eye pressure at home? Using a compact non-contact tonometer is a good alternative to examination in a medical facility. This device is convenient because it has an automatic eye search mode in all axes, does not require manual adjustment, is safe and gives accurate results in a short time. Determining eye pressure at home can be done at any convenient time. This procedure does not require special skills and is completely painless.

You should be aware that each method and type of instrument produces slightly different data. It is impossible to compare them with each other, since this is a feature of each method. If there is a need to monitor the dynamics of ophthalmotonus, then regular checks must be carried out with the same device. In this case, the results will be comparable and a conclusion can be made about the condition of the patient’s eyes.

Video

Intraocular pressure (IOP) ensures the spherical shape of the eyeball, facilitates metabolic processes and promotes the removal of metabolic products from the eye. Its value can be determined in two ways: finger and instrumental.

The finger method is performed if it is not possible to determine intraocular pressure instrumentally. This method is imprecise and approximate. The doctor asks the patient to close his eyes, while looking down, placing his index fingers on the upper eyelids and performing light pressing movements several times. Then he evaluates his tactile sensations, which depend on the value of IOP. For a comparative assessment, both eyes are examined. It is not recommended to carry out this examination on your own, since without sufficient experience, it is difficult to correctly assess the degree of eye hardness.

T - N - normal, T+, T++, T+++ - this is how the results of the examination are recorded. The + sign indicates the degree of increase in intraocular pressure, the numbers with the opposite sign T-, T- -, T- - - mean three degrees of its decrease.

IOP norms

High intraocular pressure is one of the signs of glaucoma.

Intraocular pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury. The upper limit of normal is 24 mmHg. Art., lower – 10 (when measured with a Maklakov tonometer with a weight of 10 g). Not only an excess of IOP, but also its difference of more than 5 mm Hg is considered a deviation from the norm. Art. between the right and left eye. This is one of the signs of glaucoma. A decrease in IOP below normal indicates ocular hypotension.

When assessing the results, several factors that influence the increase in IOP should be taken into account:

IOP is slightly higher in women than in men;
drinking coffee, alcohol, water more than 1 liter;
increased systolic blood pressure;
IOP is higher in the morning than in the evening.

Causes of ocular hypotension

It occurs as a consequence of other diseases of the eyes or the whole body. The immediate reasons are:

Increased outflow of intraocular fluid from the eye (after antiglaucomatous operations, penetrating wounds of the eyeball).
Violation of its secretion (inflammation, degeneration of the ciliary body, blunt trauma to the eye).
Significant.
Sluggish uveitis of any etiology.

Causes of ocular hypertension

The main reason is a violation of the outflow of intraocular fluid, which in turn leads to its accumulation and an increase in intraocular pressure. This occurs due to complete or partial closure of the anterior chamber angle. Ophthalmohypertension occurs:

Symptomatic - appears with various diseases of the eyes or the body as a whole (iridocyclitis, due to long-term use of corticosteroid drugs). If treatment is not carried out over a long period of time, ocular hypertension develops into a more serious disease – glaucoma.
Essential – occurs in adults and elderly people. The reasons have not been established.

Symptoms

Ophthalmohypotension:

vision in the affected eye gradually decreases;
“fog” appears;
periodic pain;
feeling of a foreign body.

In advanced cases (without adequate treatment), the eyeball decreases in size, which leads to complete blindness.

Ophthalmic hypertension:

feeling of heaviness, swelling in the eyes;
gradual decrease in vision, especially in the dark;
flashing “flies” before the eyes;
the appearance of rainbow circles when looking at a light source.

Diagnostics

Intraocular pressure is measured at an appointment with an ophthalmologist. If deviations from the norm are detected, daily tonometry is practiced. Its essence lies in the fact that intraocular pressure is measured in the morning and evening at the same time for 10 days. In case of IOP fluctuations greater than 5 mm Hg. Art. additional diagnostics are carried out per day to identify glaucoma. It includes:

Visometry (determining visual acuity).
Ophthalmoscopy (examination of the fundus to assess excavation, color of the optic nerve head).
Gonioscopy (determining the degree of openness of the anterior chamber angle).
Tonography (carried out to identify hydrodynamic disorders in the eye).
Load tests (pilocarpine, water-drinking, mydriatic).
Perimetry (determination of visual fields).
Consultation with a therapist, endocrinologist, neurologist.
Laboratory research methods (,).

Devices for measuring IOP:

Maklakov tonometer.
Pneumotonometer.
Intraocular pressure indicator.

The Maklakov tonometer is considered the most accurate for diagnosis. During the examination, the patient is placed on a couch, anesthetic drops are dripped, and a 10 g weight is carefully lowered onto the cornea. The resulting print is transferred to paper, and the result is measured with a special ruler. After the procedure, the patient receives a drop of 30% sodium sulfate solution.

When performing tonometry with a pneumotonometer, the patient is seated in front of the device, asked to place his chin on a special stand, and the examination is carried out. During the procedure, a person feels a flow of air. The result immediately appears on the screen.

When using an IOP indicator, the patient is asked to close his eyes, look down, and then measure through the eyelids. The result is displayed on the screen.

Treatment

In order to treat ophthalmic hypo- or ophthalmic hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, metabolic drops are prescribed that reduce the secretion of intraocular fluid and improve its outflow.

Treatment of ophthalmic hypotension is aimed at eliminating the causes of its occurrence:

In cases of indolent inflammatory process, antibiotics are prescribed locally and systemically, and anti-inflammatory therapy is carried out.
In the case of traumatic hypotension, treatment is aimed at restoring the integrity of the eyeball. They also use products that improve metabolism and energy supply to tissues.

Treatment of ocular hypertension is aimed at reducing IOP. For this purpose, eye drops are prescribed, which:

reduce the secretion of intraocular fluid (Timolol, Azopt);
improve its outflow (Travatan, Taflotan);
combination drugs (Azarga).

Drugs are selected strictly individually.

Prevention consists of regular visits to an ophthalmologist, at least once a year. After 40 years, tonometry is mandatory for all patients without exception. It is necessary to treat concomitant diseases. It is recommended to observe the visual mode:

Watch TV and work on the computer in good lighting.
The distance from the monitor screen to the eyes should be at least 50 cm, and the line of sight should be in the upper third or middle of the screen.
Do not read while lying down, while eating, or while traveling in public transport.

Which doctor should I contact?

To measure intraocular pressure, you must contact an ophthalmologist. This procedure must be done annually. In case of violations, you may need to consult a neurologist, cardiologist, or endocrinologist.

Ocular pressure is measured if eye pathology is suspected. There are contact and non-contact methods. Each manipulation has indications for use and contraindications for use.

Changes in eye pressure may not appear for a long time, but are a common cause of blindness. People who feel discomfort in their eyes are wondering how to check their eye pressure. How to promptly recognize and prevent the problem?

Checking eye pressure is a necessary measure. It is thanks to this procedure that the functionality of the organ of vision can be assessed. Ophthalmologists recommend preventive examinations and determination of eye tone annually. This warning especially applies to people whose age

palpation-indicative;
Maklakov’s technique;
non-contact tonometry.

Intraocular pressure is a test for the presence of glaucoma. The measurements are based on the deformation of the eyeball. There are no generally accepted indicators for normal values. Pressure standards depend on the diagnostic method.

Palpation-indicative diagnostics

The method does not require any preparation. It is used when there are contraindications to other diagnostic methods. The procedure is based on the doctor's previous experience. To carry out the manipulation, the patient lowers his gaze downwards and covers his eyeballs with his eyelids.

The doctor rests his fingers on the forehead, and places the pads of his index fingers on the upper eyelids. By lightly pressing on the eyeballs, the ophthalmologist feels the pulsation of the sclera. Ophthalmotonus is assessed using the fingertips. Normal or reduced pressure does not require any effort during palpation. If the tone of the eye is increased, this will manifest itself in the absence of pulsating impulses under the fingers.

The density of the sclera is estimated by the doctor approximately. There are the following types of eyeball density:

When determining pressure, both eyes are assessed simultaneously. Palpation-indicative diagnosis is easy to use. The technique is used at home. By palpation you can independently assess the density of one eye relative to the other. So, in the early stages of development, you can independently suspect glaucoma.

Methodology according to Maklakov

The method was proposed by Maklakov and has been used since 1884. It is used when ocular pathology is suspected. The procedure is carried out with a special tonometer, which consists of two lead weights weighing 10 g each. The ends of the weights end in glass platforms with a diameter of 1 cm.

The procedure causes increased sensitivity in the patient, manifested in pain, burning, and lacrimation. Local anesthesia is used to avoid discomfort.

5 minutes after anesthesia, the patient is placed face up on the couch. The weights are moistened with special paint and placed in the center of the cornea. Traditionally, the event is carried out alternately on both eyes. The right eye is examined first, then the left.

Weights placed on the cornea give a special imprint. It depends on the density of the eyeball.

Then the weights are placed on a sheet of paper. Using a special graduated ruler, the trace of the dye that remains on the cornea is measured using a light imprint on the paper. After the procedure is completed, antiseptic solutions are instilled into the eyes, and the remaining paint is removed from the weights with a disinfectant solution, after which they are placed in a clean case.

The higher the ocular tone, the smaller the diameter of the unstained disc. Conversely, the lower the intraocular pressure, the larger the contact area between the weight and the cornea. Consequently, the light disk turns out to be larger. The dependence of the mass of the load on the diameter of the light disks is determined in millimeters of mercury. range from 15 to 25 mm Hg.

Today, the Maklakov diagnostic method is considered the most accurate way to measure intraocular pressure. The duration of the manipulation is 10 – 15 minutes.

A feature of the Maklakov method is the displacement of a certain volume of fluid from the eye chambers. The measurement results seem to be somewhat overestimated. This pressure is called tonometric pressure. Therefore, patients suffering from glaucoma are recommended to control their pressure levels in only one way.

Non-contact tonometry

Today, non-contact tonometry is especially popular. It is applicable even for newborn children if there is a suspicion of congenital glaucoma or pathology of eye development. Using this technique, the doctor completely eliminates the risk of infection. The device is used for mass research in glaucoma screening.

To carry out the procedure, the patient takes a sitting position. His chin is placed on a special stand, and his head is fixed. The subject should open his eyes wide, then fix his gaze on one bright point. There is no need for anesthesia.

The procedure is unpleasant, but absolutely painless. It may cause temporary tearing or burning. An air stream released from the device with a certain force is directed into the eye. Over time, the shape of the cornea changes.

Iphthalmotonus is determined by the degree of change in the shape of the eye. is performed by an electronic tonometer, and the results of the study are displayed on the screen. The duration of the manipulation is only a few seconds. The more measurements taken, the more accurately the pressure in the eye chambers can be determined. The average value of the measurements taken is selected.

Normal pressure values are considered to be 10 – 21 mmHg. Art.

Such non-contact measurements can be carried out repeatedly. They do not cause harm to health, but the accuracy of the Maklakov method is much higher.

Conclusion

Increased ophthalmotonus is a consequence of internal changes and unfavorable external factors. Treatment consists of eliminating the pathological causes. Long-term changes in eye pressure can lead to complete loss of vision, so the pathology should not be ignored.