How to find out the case of a personal pronoun. The pronoun “him”: rank, case, morphological analysis. Sentence with the pronoun "him"

Instructions

Theoretical introduction

Personal pronouns

Reflexive pronoun

Possessive pronouns

Interrogative and relative pronouns

Negative and indefinite pronouns

Determinative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns

Nuances, where would we be without them?

Instructions

Children become closely acquainted with the pronoun as a part of speech at school in the sixth grade, when they use words in sentences that help them indicate an object, its attribute or quantity.

IN primary school and in the fifth grade, the children became familiar with nouns, adjectives and verbs. But in order to point to these words in sentences, they need other helper words. These are pronouns. And sometimes you need to indicate the quantity of someone or something. For example: I have many friends. When schoolchildren become familiar with pronouns, learn to recognize them in text and distinguish them from other parts of speech, they are faced with new task: how to determine case pronouns?Pronouns are nominal parts of speech, so they change by case in the same way as nouns and adjectives.
Schoolchildren learned to change nouns and adjectives by case in the fifth grade. They know that the Russian language has six cases. You can determine case by asking a question about a word. For example: Nominative case - Who? What?
Genitive case - Whom? What?
Dative case - To whom? Why?
Accusative case - Whom? What?
Instrumental case - By whom? How?
Prepositional case - About whom? About what? By also asking a question about a pronoun, the guys can determine the case and pronouns. In addition, there are pronouns that change according to gender and number.
When declension (change of case) personal pronouns sometimes not only the ending in a word changes, but the whole word. How are personal pronouns declined? Let's look at the example of the declension of the personal pronoun Ya. Nominative case - I
Genitive case – Me
Dative case – To me
Accusative case – Me
Instrumental case – By me
Prepositional case - About me. We see that when the personal pronoun I is declension, not only the ending in the word changes, but also the basis of the entire word changes. Sometimes even alternation can occur at the root when the case of the pronoun changes. For example: for you - by you (alternating E with O), for me - by me (alternating E with zero sound).
It is worth remembering the following combinations: I'm sad for you
You miss us
Misses you
But there are pronouns that do not change by case or do not have all cases. For example, the pronoun Myself, which indicates the one about whom they are talking. This pronoun does not have a nominative case. A indefinite pronoun Someone and Something do not change by case at all.
Possessive pronouns that indicate ownership and answer the questions Which? Whose? change like adjectives. Let's look at this using the example of the possessive pronoun My: Nominative case - my friend
Genitive case - my friend
Dative case - to my friend
Accusative case - my friend
The instrumental case is my friend
The prepositional case is about my friend.

Children become closely acquainted with the pronoun as a part of speech at school in the sixth grade, when they use words in sentences that help them point to an object, its sign or number.

1. In elementary school and in fifth grade, children were introduced to nouns, adjectives and verbs. But in order to indicate these words in sentences, they need other helper words. These are pronouns. And occasionally it is necessary to indicate the number of someone or something. Let's say: I have many friends. When schoolchildren have become familiar with pronouns, learned to recognize them in text and distinguish them from other parts of speech, they are faced with a new task: how to determine case pronouns?Pronouns are nominal parts of speech, therefore they change according to case just like nouns, adjectives.

2. Change by case Schoolchildren learned nouns and adjectives in the fifth grade. They know that in Russian there are six case to her. Define case Allowed, by posing a question. Let's say: Nominative case- Who? What? Genitive case- Whom? What? Dative case- To whom? What? Accusative case- Whom? What? Creative case- By whom? What?Prepositional case- About whom? About what? By also asking a question about a pronoun, the guys can determine case And pronouns. In addition, there are pronouns that change according to gender and number.

3. When declination (change case a) personal pronouns Occasionally, not only the ending in a word changes, but the entire word. How are proper pronouns declined? Let's look at the example of the declension of the personal pronoun Ya. Nominative case– IGenitive case– MeDative case– MeAccusative case– Me Creative case– By mePrepositional case– About me. We see that when the personal pronoun I is declension, not only the ending in the word changes, but also the basis of each word changes. Occasionally, even alternation can occur in the root when changing case and pronouns. Let's say: for you - by you (alternating E with O), for me - by me (alternating E with zero sound).

4. It is worth remembering the following combinations: I'm sad for you, you miss us, you miss you

5. But there are pronouns that do not change according to case or not everyone has case And. Let's say the pronoun Self, which indicates the one about whom they are talking. This pronoun does not have a nominative case A. And the indefinite pronouns Someone and Something do not change at all case am.

6. Possessive pronouns that indicate ownership and answer the questions Which? Whose? change like adjectives. Let's look at this using the example of the possessive pronoun My: Nominative case– my friend Parent case– my friend Dative case– to my friend Accusative case– my friend Creative case– my friendPrepositional case- about my friend.

The pronoun is one of the most important parts of speech in the Russian language. In its properties, it is very close to the noun, which is mainly used to replace it, but at the same time, limiting the tasks of a pronoun to only this function is really stupid. A pronoun indicates a person without naming him specifically; it serves to connect sentences in the text, and in some cases even to strengthen certain statements. Multifaceted, isn't it? This is why the case of pronouns in sentences is so important - you cannot treat such a multifunctional element carelessly.

Of course, the case of pronouns, or rather their declension, is subject to almost the same rules as nouns (it was already said above that these two parts of speech have a lot in common). Pronouns are characterized by the same six genitive, accusative, dative, instrumental and prepositional) as a noun.

By the way, when pronouns appear in all cases except the nominative, we can say that the pronouns in Of course, the features of declension also depend on the category of the pronoun. Some of them do not change in principle; in certain categories, changes concern only some individual pronouns. This is exactly what we will deal with. “Pronoun cases” is the table with which we start.

Let's start with the basics: changing personal pronouns by case. Personal pronouns include those that are known to everyone I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they. They are all declined by case - we just substitute the desired question and get the form that we need.

“Pronoun cases” is a table that concerns only the category of personal pronouns.

As can be seen from the table, in the previously mentioned indirect cases, regardless of the number, an additional consonant “n” is obtained. Fortunately, no other peculiarities are observed: the cases of personal pronouns are not anything complicated, right?

Go ahead. There is only one pronoun in this category myself, which has neither number nor gender, and also retains the same form in all cases. Just try to tilt it - and you will see it.

The next category is associated with pronouns that express the object’s belonging to someone. This includes mine, yours, his/hers, ours, yours, theirs. The forms of pronouns in this category are presented in the following table:

The table shows that in the third person possessive pronouns do not change at all, whereas in the first and second you just need to replace a couple of letters at the beginning - the endings are the same.

By the way, one of the most common errors in modern Russian is associated with this category. Some people invent such a pronoun as “theirs,” and then also try to inflect it. So, be sure to remember that in the third person in plural there has never been such a pronoun! Theirs, theirs and only theirs!

This category is used to ask a question. And this is where the first difficulties begin. Pronouns which?, whose?, which? have gender, number, and case. For pronouns who?, what?, how many? The presence of only case is characteristic; other categories are alien to it. And the only pronoun that completely breaks the system is what?: it has no case, but changes according to gender and number.

The same can be said about relative pronouns. By and large, relative pronouns are the same as interrogative pronouns, only without the question mark at the end of the sentence.

It should also be noted that in the pronoun How many when inflected, the stress is kept on the first, and not on the last syllable, as most people think.

We continue to study the change of pronouns by case with a new category, which also has certain nuances. Gender, number and case have only none, no one's, whereas no one, nothing, no one, nothing, not at all change exclusively according to the last sign, without possessing the others.

The forms of negative pronouns completely coincide with interrogative-negative ones, with the only clarification - the addition of a prefix neither/not.

The same can be said about Take a relative pronoun, add postfixes to it - this, -either, -something and we get the new kind pronouns: some, anything. The forms for declension remain the same, which, undoubtedly, greatly simplifies working with this type of pronouns. In certain cases, you can add prefixes not/nor: some, something.

We're getting closer to the end. Next up is a new category, all pronouns of which have gender, number and case. This includes himself, most, all, every, each, any, other, different, whole, every kind. It’s voluminous, of course, but not at all difficult. Let's move on!

					All sorts of things
					All sorts of things
					All sorts of things
					To all sorts of things
					In every possible way
					About everything

As can be seen from the table, the conjugation of pronouns himself, the most And everyone, everyone practically coincide, but you shouldn’t rely heavily on memorizing the forms of pronouns in different cases, it’s much easier to just figure out the rule and then not experience any difficulties.

The last of the categories again pleases us with nuances. Pronouns this, that-(that), such-(that) have number and case, so much (that)- only case, but that's how it is, by analogy with what, absolutely does not want to change according to cases, remaining in one single form.


				So many
				So many
				So many
				So many
				About so many

And again the similarity of pronoun forms that one. The case, as you can see, is a completely elementary topic, where there’s even nothing really to remember.

His/her/his

His/her/his

Him/her/him

About him/her/him

Of course, there are some features of pronoun declension. For example, those who are attentive have long noticed that the case of pronouns is a topic very, very close to the case of adjectives: the endings are absolutely the same. The only exceptions to this rule are all, himself: In this situation, you still have to think a little.

Continuing the theme of pronouns all, it should be noted that it is the only one where there is a fluent vowel: all-all-all and so on - the root “e” simply drops out, not appearing later in any of the cases.

Moreover, some of the pronouns have so-called archaic forms: any-every-everything. They are considered short. And also a pronoun myself in the feminine gender in the accusative case ( herself) is actually considered a colloquial form, whereas a literary language would like to use the variant most(by analogy they also talk about tu-tuyo- from pronoun that). Researchers are also determining the shape the most, with an emphasis on the penultimate letter, but it is considered to be little used and almost forgotten.

Pronouns belong to a special group demonstrative words, i.e. not naming objects and phenomena, their quantity or characteristics, but only pointing to them. What person or object we are talking about can only be understood thanks to the surrounding sentences (context). Pronouns are quite closely related to other parts of speech, which makes it possible to determine their case. There are some nuances - we will look at them.

Correlation of pronouns with parts of speech
So, pronouns can be related to other parts of speech, and they answer the same questions as parts of speech. These are the following types of pronouns:

generalized subject, correlated with nouns ( who, nothing, anything and etc.);
generalized-qualitative, correlated with adjectives ( which, no, no one's and etc.);
generalized quantitative, correlated with numerals ( how much, how much).

It can be noted that pronouns share some grammatical features with these parts of speech.

Like nouns, generalized subject pronouns can be declined, and the case forms will be completely independent. It is enough to ask the same questions that you would ask to nouns.

Nominative. I I've heard a lot about you. (Who?– in a sentence it is the subject)
Genitive. Whom did you invite?
Dative. To her I like listening to music. (to whom?)
Accusative. My brother saw his. (whom? What?)
Instrumental. How did he do something wrong?
Prepositional. You probably know about him. (about whom? about what?)

Generalized qualitative pronouns, like adjectives, have forms of case, gender, and number. Here are some examples. This song(i.p. - who? what?, gender, singular) was very beautiful. This poems(r.p. - who? what?, cf. gender, singular) I didn't make it up. He knows these of people(v.p. – whom? what?, plural).

As for generalized quantitative pronouns, they, like numerals, do not have number forms and genders, but change according to cases. I so many learned something new! How many We haven't seen any places yet!

Features of changing pronouns
When changing the case (i.e., declension) of pronouns, not only their ending, but also the entire word may change. This is due to how pronouns have changed historically, in the distant past. For example, the pronoun I– me (who?), me (who?), me (who?), me (who?), about me (about whom?). Pronoun she– her (who?), her (who?), her (who? what?), her (her) (by whom?), about her (about whom?). It is noticeable that in the instrumental case there is a special form by her , - by using it, you can avoid confusion with the dative case form.

Some pronouns have a sound after the preposition n . Form her is used in colloquial speech, and the form by her– in the book, especially in the poetic. Regarding the genitive case (pronoun with prepositions from And at) – along with forms from her, it has recognized the existence of forms from her, from her, but only as a colloquial form.

Pronoun myself is not independent. This reflexive pronoun only indicates that each of the three persons refers to itself. Therefore, this pronoun does not have a nominative case form, although otherwise it is declined in the same way as the pronoun You : you - yourself, you - yourself, you - yourself, you (oh) - yourself, about you - about yourself. There is no nominative case form for pronouns either nothing , no one .

You need to remember pronouns that do not change by case at all. These are pronouns something , someone , as well as the pronoun that's how it is . As for negative pronouns - nothing , nobody - they bow, and in the same way as What , Who . In the prepositional case, a preposition breaks the negative pronoun: about nothing , about no one .

And finally, there are special prepositional case forms for pronouns You , We – these forms must be remembered in the following form: I miss for you (this is the dative case) or about you (this is the prepositional case) - but not “behind you”, Do not be sad about Us . An outdated and colloquial option is I miss for you (prepositional).