How to reflect the revaluation of a land plot in accounting?

If the cost of the transferred plot differs from its value, take into account the difference as part of other income or expenses. Read more about land revaluation in the article.

Question: We want to re-evaluate the land plot in the accounting records to the cadastral value. How will this be reflected in accounting? subsequently they want to transfer this land plot to the authorized capital and this will be like a financial investment in the authorized capital of another organization

Answer: You have the right to revaluate the value of a land plot in accounting in order to reflect its real value, however, for the purposes of calculating corporate income tax, the results of the revaluation of property, in accordance with Art. 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation are not taken into account (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 09/08/11 No. 03-03-06/1/544).

The initial cost at which the fixed asset was accepted for accounting is not subject to change. Except for the cases listed in paragraph 14 of PBU 6/01. Such cases, in particular, include revaluation. Based on the results of the revaluation, the fixed asset can be discounted or revalued. An organization can revaluate any fixed assets; there are no exceptions to this rule provided by law (clause 15 of PBU 6/01, clause 43).

An organization can revaluate fixed assets once a year at the end of the reporting year, that is, on December 31.

Based on the results of the revaluation, the fixed asset can be discounted or revalued. The amounts by which the fixed asset was discounted are recorded in account 91 “Other income and expenses”. And the amounts by which the fixed asset was overvalued are in account 83 “Additional capital”.

Debit 01 (03) Credit 83 subaccount “Revaluation of fixed assets” (the initial cost of the site has been increased);

Debit 91-2 Credit 01 (the initial cost of the plot was reduced);

When transferring a site to the authorized capital of another organization, reflect:

Debit 58 Credit 76 subaccount “Settlements on contributions to the authorized (share) capital” (debt on contributions to the authorized capital is reflected).

Debit 01 subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets” Credit 01 (reflects the initial cost of the site transferred to the authorized capital);

Debit 76 subaccount “Calculations for contributions to the authorized (share) capital” Credit 01 subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets” (a plot was entered as a contribution to the authorized capital).

If the value of the transferred plot differs from its valuation agreed upon by the founders, take into account the difference as part of other income or expenses.

When transferring a plot as a contribution to the authorized capital, the organization has neither income nor expenses (subclause 2, clause 1, article 277, clause 3, article 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

It should be taken into account that when disposing of a site, write off the amount of its revaluation (if it was revalued):

Debit 83 subaccount “Revaluation of fixed assets” Credit 84 subaccount “Amounts of additional valuation of written-off fixed assets” (the amount of additional valuation upon disposal of the site is written off).

Rationale

How to revaluate fixed assets

The initial cost at which the fixed asset was accepted for accounting is not subject to change. Except as listed in paragraph 14 PBU 6/01. Such cases, in particular, include revaluation. Based on the results of the revaluation, the fixed asset may be discounted or underrated. An organization can revaluate any fixed assets; there are no exceptions to this rule provided by law ( clause 15 PBU 6/01 , paragraph 43 Guidelines approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n).*

Frequency of revaluation

An organization can revaluate fixed assets once a year at the end of the reporting year, that is, on December 31.* However, it can only be carried out for groups of homogeneous objects. Thus, it is not necessary to revaluate all fixed assets. However, having revalued one object from a group of homogeneous fixed assets, it is necessary to revaluate all other objects included in this group. This order follows from paragraph 15 PBU 6/01 and paragraph 43 Guidelines approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n.

Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 09/08/11 No. 03-03-06/1/544

On revaluation of the value of a land plot for profit tax purposes

Question: The CJSC owns a land plot, which has been listed on the organization's balance sheet as an object of fixed assets since 2008 and is used to provide services for the rental of warehouse space located on this plot. The cost of the land plot is more than 40,000 rubles. Based on para. 2 clause 5 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Fixed Assets” PBU 6/01, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n, land plots are classified as fixed assets. The possibility of changing the initial cost of fixed assets in cases of completion, retrofitting, reconstruction and partial liquidation, revaluation of relevant objects and the right of organizations no more than once a year (at the end of the reporting year) to revalue groups of homogeneous objects of fixed assets are enshrined in clauses 14–15 PBU 6/01. These norms of PBU 6/01 supplement the provisions of clause 43 of the Methodological guidelines for accounting for fixed assets, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n, according to which a commercial organization can revaluate groups of similar objects no more than once a year (at the end of the reporting year) fixed assets at current (replacement) cost by indexation or direct recalculation at documented market prices. The closed joint-stock company intends to exercise the right to revaluate the land plot as an object of fixed assets of the organization. According to paragraph 1 of Art. 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation when carried out by the taxpayer in subsequent reporting (tax) periods after the entry into force of Ch. 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation of revaluation (discount) of the value of fixed assets to market value; the positive (negative) amount of such revaluation is not recognized as income (expense) taken into account for tax purposes, and is not accepted when determining the replacement cost of depreciable property and when calculating depreciation taken into account for tax purposes. taxation of profits of organizations. Is the positive (negative) amount of revaluation (discount) of the value of the specified land plot to market value, made by the closed joint-stock company, recognized as income (expense), taken into account for income tax purposes?

Answer: The Department of Tax and Customs Tariff Policy reviewed the letter on the issue of revaluing the value of a land plot for the purpose of taxing the profits of organizations and reports the following.

For the purposes of applying Sec. 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), the cost of fixed assets is subject to change only in cases directly provided for in paragraph 2 of Art. 257 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Revaluation of fixed assets is not provided for in this article.

According to paragraph 1 of Art. 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, when a taxpayer carries out in subsequent reporting (tax) periods after the entry into force of the above chapter of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation a revaluation (discount) of the value of fixed assets to market value, the positive (negative) amount of such revaluation is not recognized as income (expense) taken into account for tax purposes , and is not accepted when determining the replacement cost of depreciable property and when calculating depreciation taken into account for corporate income tax purposes.

Taking into account the above, the taxpayer has the right to reassess the value of the land plot in accounting in order to reflect its real value, however, for the purposes of calculating corporate income tax, the results of the revaluation of property, in accordance with Art. 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, are not taken into account.*

How to reflect the revaluation of fixed assets in accounting

Based on the results of the revaluation, the fixed asset may be discounted or underrated. The amounts by which the fixed asset was discounted are recorded in account 91 “Other income and expenses”. And the amounts by which the fixed asset was overvalued - by account 83"Extra capital". It is advisable to open a sub-account “Revaluation of fixed assets” for these accounts.*

Accounting: additional valuation

In accounting, the amount of revaluation for each fixed asset item is reflected by the following entries:*

Debit 01 (03) Credit 83 subaccount “Revaluation of fixed assets”
– the initial (replacement) cost of the fixed asset has been increased;

Accounting: markdown

In accounting, the amount of depreciation for each fixed asset item is reflected in the following entries:

Debit 91-2 Credit 01
– the initial (replacement) cost of the fixed asset has been reduced;*

Write-off of the revaluation amount upon disposal

When disposing of a fixed asset, write off the amount of its revaluation:

Debit 83 subaccount “Revaluation of fixed assets” Credit 84 subaccount “Amounts of additional valuation of written-off fixed assets”
– the amount of additional valuation upon disposal of fixed assets is written off.

How to formalize and reflect in accounting and taxation the transfer of fixed assets as a contribution to the authorized capital

Documenting*

When transferring an object of fixed assets to the authorized capital of another organization (i.e. at the time transfer to the recipient of ownership of the object) draw up a primary document, for example, fill out an act on form No. OS-1 (instructions, approved , Part 3 Art. 9 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ). The basis for drawing up the act is the technical documentation for the fixed asset, as well as accounting data. For example, revolutions by account 02“Depreciation of fixed assets” will allow you to fill in information about the amount of accrued depreciation. Draw up the act in two copies, one of which is given to the recipient. When drawing up the act, do not fill out the section “Information on fixed assets as of the date of acceptance for accounting.” The recipient must fill it out in his copy of the act. Both copies of the act must be signed and approved by both the shareholder organization (participant) and the recipient.

If the organization makes a building as a contribution to the authorized capital, draw up an act on form No. OS-1a. If an organization transfers several homogeneous fixed assets, draw up an act on form No. OS-1b. When filling out these acts, use the same procedure as when drawing up an act on form No. OS-1. This procedure is provided instructions, approved Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated January 21, 2003 No. 7.

Simultaneously with the preparation of the act on form No. OS-1 (OS-1a , OS-1b) enter information about the disposal of fixed assets in the inventory card according to the form No. OS-6 (OS-6a) or in the inventory book by form No. OS-6b(intended for small businesses). Enter the information on the basis of the transfer and acceptance certificate drawn up at the time of transfer of the fixed asset. This procedure is provided for, approved Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated January 21, 2003 No. 7.

If an organization receives a fixed asset containing precious metals, at the end of the year it will have to to make a report By form No. 4-DM, approved by Rosstat resolution of November 14, 2007 No. 88. In the report, indicate the amount of precious metals contained in the fixed asset.

Accounting

The founding organization's contributions to the authorized capitals of other organizations are taken into account at account 58"Financial investments". Reflect the debt on deposits by posting a debit bills 58 in correspondence with the settlement account. For example, with score 76, to which open a separate sub-account “Calculations for contributions to the authorized (share) capital”:*

– the debt on contributions to the authorized capital of the subsidiary is reflected.

Make a note like this:*

• when creating joint-stock companies or LLCs - on the basis of an agreement on the creation of a company or on the basis of a decision of the sole founder (shareholder, participant) ( clause 5 art. 9 of the Law of December 26, 1995 No. 208-FZ , );
• when increasing the authorized capital:
• in joint stock companies - on the basis of the minutes of the general meeting of shareholders on increasing the authorized capital (decision of the board of directors (supervisory board), if, in accordance with the charter, such a decision is within its competence) or a decision of the sole founder (shareholder) on this (, clause 3 art. 47, Law of December 26, 1995 No. 208-FZ);
• in an LLC - on the basis of the minutes of the general meeting of participants on increasing the authorized capital or the decision of the sole founder (participant) on this (, clause 6 art. 37, Law of February 8, 1998 No. 14-FZ).

From the next month after the transfer of the fixed asset, stop accruing depreciation on it ( clause 22 PBU 6/01).

In accounting, reflect the disposal of fixed assets contributed as a contribution to the authorized capital at the residual value ( paragraph 85 Guidelines approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n).

To account for the disposal of such property on account 01 open a separate sub-account “Retirement of fixed assets”. At the time of transfer of the object, reflect its original (replacement) cost in the debit of the account. For a loan - the amount of depreciation accrued during the period of operation of the disposed facility. In this case, make the following entries:

– reflects the initial (replacement) cost of the fixed asset transferred to the authorized capital of the subsidiary;

– depreciation accrued for the period of operation of the facility transferred to the authorized capital of the subsidiary is reflected.*

As a result, the balance on account 01 “Retirement of fixed assets” will reflect the residual value of the transferred fixed asset. Determine the residual value using the formula:

Reflect the transfer of fixed assets to the authorized capital of another organization by posting:

– the fixed asset was contributed as a contribution to the authorized capital of the subsidiary.

If the residual value of the transferred fixed asset differs from its valuation agreed upon by the founders, take into account the difference as part of other income or expenses. Make the following wiring:

Debit 76 subaccount “Settlements on deposits in the authorized (share) capital” Credit 91-1*
– reflects the positive difference between the valuation of the fixed asset, agreed upon by the founders, and its residual value;

Debit 91-2 Credit 76 subaccount “Settlements on deposits in the authorized (share) capital”
– reflects the negative difference between the valuation of the fixed asset, agreed upon by the founders, and its residual value.*

This procedure is provided paragraph 85 Guidelines approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n, and Instructions for the chart of accounts (accounts , , ).

Income tax

When transferring a fixed asset as a contribution to the authorized capital, the organization has neither income nor expenses ( subp. 2 p. 1 art. 277 , clause 3 art. 270 Tax Code of the Russian Federation).* For more details, see How to reflect the disposal of depreciable property in tax accounting. If the residual value of the transferred fixed asset differs from its valuation agreed upon by the founders, a permanent difference is formed in accounting, which leads to the appearance of a permanent tax liability or a permanent tax asset (clause and PBU 18/02). They should be reflected by postings:

Debit 99 subaccount “Fixed tax liabilities” Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
– a permanent tax liability is reflected from the negative difference between the residual value of the fixed asset and its valuation agreed upon by the founders;

– a permanent tax asset is reflected with a positive difference between the residual value of the fixed asset and its valuation agreed upon by the founders.

Example of reflection in accounting and taxation of the transfer of fixed assets as a contribution to the authorized capital*

In July, Alfa CJSC contributed a computer to the authorized capital of Hermes Trading Company LLC. In the accounting and tax accounting of the transferor:

• the initial cost of the computer is 41,000 rubles;
• the amount of depreciation accrued before the transfer of the computer is 16,000 rubles;
• the residual value of the computer at the time of transfer is 25,000 rubles. (41,000 rubles – 16,000 rubles);
• the amount of input VAT accepted for deduction when purchasing a computer is 7,380 rubles.

The monetary value of the contribution, according to the decision of the founders of Hermes, is considered equal to 30,000 rubles. Alpha did not have any additional expenses associated with the contribution of property to the authorized capital of the subsidiary.

To reflect transactions in accounting, Alpha’s accountant opened sub-accounts:

• to account 76 – subaccount “Settlements on deposits in the authorized (share) capital”;
• to account 01 – subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets”.

When transferring the computer to the authorized capital of Hermes, the Alpha accountant made entries.

Debit 58 Credit 76 subaccount “Settlements on deposits in the authorized (share) capital”
– 30,000 rub. – Alpha’s debt on contributions to the authorized capital of Hermes is reflected;

Debit 01 subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets” Credit 01
– 41,000 rub. – reflects the initial cost of the computer transferred to the authorized capital of Hermes;

Debit 02 Credit 01 subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets”
– 16,000 rub. – reflects depreciation accrued for the period of operation of the computer transferred to the authorized capital of Hermes;

Debit 76 subaccount “Settlements on contributions to the authorized (share) capital” Credit 01 subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets”
– 25,000 rub. – the fixed asset was contributed as a contribution to the authorized capital of another organization;

Debit 76 subaccount “Settlements on deposits in the authorized (share) capital” Credit 91-1
– 5000 rub. (30,000 rubles - 25,000 rubles) - reflects the positive difference between the valuation of the fixed asset agreed upon by the founders and its residual value.

When transferring the computer, the accountant restored part of the input VAT previously accepted for deduction and included the tax in the initial cost of the financial investment. The amount of restored VAT is 4,500 rubles. (RUB 7,380 ? (RUB 25,000 : RUB 41,000)). At the same time, the accountant made the following entry:

Debit 19 Credit 68 subaccount “VAT calculations”
– 4500 rub. – VAT previously accepted for deduction has been restored;

Debit 58 Credit 19
– 4500 rub. – the restored VAT amount was transferred to the Hermes balance sheet.

The transfer of a computer does not affect the calculation of income tax. Due to the fact that tax accounting did not take into account the difference between the valuation of the fixed asset agreed upon by the founders and its residual value, the accountant made the following entry:

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 99 subaccount “Permanent tax assets”
– 1000 rub. (RUB 5,000 ? 20%) – a permanent tax asset is reflected from the difference between the valuation of the fixed asset agreed upon by the founders and its residual value.

The transfer of a fixed asset as a contribution to the authorized capital of a subsidiary is not considered a sale ( subp. 4 p. 3 art. 39 Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Therefore, there is no need to charge VAT on this transaction ( subp. 1 item 2 art. 146 Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Previously deductible input tax on a fixed asset,

In connection with the dynamic development of land relations, the issue of legal support and technology for recording land plots is relevant. The article reveals the features of the legal regulation of land plots as a type of non-produced assets. The fact is substantiated that registration and determination of the cadastral value of a land plot are not the basis for accepting the land plot for budget accounting. The peculiarities of land plots as a unit of accounting, the technology of budgetary accounting of their receipt, movement and disposal, and cases of their off-balance sheet accounting are considered.

Legal support for land registration

Legislative regulation of issues related to the use of land plots is based on the application of the following standards:
- Land Code of the Russian Federation (Federal Law of October 25, 2001 N 136-FZ);
- Civil Code of the Russian Federation (part one, part two) dated October 21, 1994 N 51-FZ (as amended and supplemented);
- Federal Law of July 21, 1997 N 122-FZ “On state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it”;
- Federal Law of January 2, 2000 N 28-FZ “On the State Land Cadastre”;
- Federal Law of July 29, 1998 N 135-FZ “On Valuation Activities in the Russian Federation.”
Budgetary accounting of land plots is carried out in accordance with:
- Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 1, 2010 N 157n “On approval of the Unified Chart of Accounts for state authorities, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, state academies of sciences, state (municipal) institutions and Instructions for its application”;
- Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 6, 2010 N 162n “On approval of the Chart of Accounts for Budget Accounting and Instructions for its Application.”
According to Art. 11.1 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, a land plot is understood as a part of the earth’s surface, the boundaries of which are determined in accordance with federal laws. In cases and in the manner established by federal law, artificial land plots may be created.
In accordance with Art. 20 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, state and municipal institutions and state-owned enterprises are provided with land plots for permanent (indefinite) use. At the same time, legal entities possessing land plots with the right of permanent (perpetual) use do not have the right to dispose of these land plots.
In addition, according to Art. 24 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, from lands in state or municipal ownership, executive bodies of state power or local government bodies may provide legal entities - state and municipal institutions, state-owned enterprises with land plots for free, fixed-term use for a period of no more than one year.
According to Art. 130 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, immovable things (real estate, real estate) include land plots, subsoil plots and everything that is firmly connected to the land, i.e. objects, the movement of which without disproportionate damage to their purpose is impossible, including buildings, structures, unfinished construction objects.
In accordance with Art. 131 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, ownership and other real rights to immovable things, restrictions on these rights, their emergence, transfer and termination are subject to state registration in the unified state register by the bodies carrying out state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it. The following are subject to registration: the right of ownership, the right of economic management, the right of operational management, the right of lifelong inheritable possession, the right of permanent use, mortgage, easements, as well as other rights in cases provided for by this Code and other laws. Along with state registration, special registration or accounting of certain types of real estate can be carried out.
The body carrying out state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it is obliged, at the request of the right holder, to certify the registration by issuing a document on the registered right or transaction or by making an inscription on the document submitted for registration.
The body carrying out state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it is obliged to provide information about the registration and registered rights to any person. Information is provided by any authority that registers real estate, regardless of the place of registration.
Refusal of state registration of rights to real estate or transactions with it, or evasion of registration by the relevant body may be challenged in court.
The procedure for state registration and the grounds for refusal to register rights to real estate are established in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Federal Law dated July 21, 1997 N 122-FZ "On state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it."
Federal Law No. 122-FZ “On state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it” establishes that land plots are included in real estate. As a result, a state (municipal) institution that has the right to permanent use of a land plot must have a Certificate of State Registration of Rights.
Thus, the general norms and rules of state registration by budgetary institutions are applied on equal terms with commercial organizations.
According to Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 26, 2006 N 02-14-10a/1406, state registration of rights to real estate and its cadastral registration are not grounds for accepting land plots for budget accounting. Taking into account the above, specialists from the Russian Ministry of Finance noted that only those land plots that the institution has the right to dispose of in accordance with the Land Code are subject to budget registration. As a rule, land must be reflected on the balance sheet of the executive body (local government), which is entrusted with the functions of managing and disposing of state (municipal) property.

Features of budget accounting of land plots

Clause 70 of the Instructions for the application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for state authorities, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, state academies of sciences, state (municipal) institutions dated 12/01/2010 N 157n determines that land belongs to non-produced assets and is taken into account on account 10300 “Non-produced assets”.
A distinctive feature of non-produced assets is that they are not products of human labor and represent land, resources, subsoil, etc. Nevertheless, such property can be assessed in monetary terms, act as an object of purchase and sale (or be the object of other business contracts), and also be a source of economic benefits for business entities.
At the same time, paragraph 71 of the Instructions for the application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for state authorities, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, state academies of sciences, state (municipal) institutions dated December 1, 2010 N 157n states that assets are reflected in accounting at the time of their involvement in economic (economic) turnover.
Article 129 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation determines the negotiability of objects of civil rights, to which, in accordance with the provisions of Art. 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation includes land and other natural resources. Based on the content of Art. 129 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the turnover of land plots should be understood as their alienation or transfer from one person to another.
Limitations on the turnover of land plots are determined by Art. 27 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, this norm establishes that lands withdrawn from circulation cannot be provided for private ownership, nor can they be the objects of transactions provided for by civil legislation.
Land plots and other real estate objects firmly associated with them are subject to state cadastral registration.
Land plots may have a market and cadastral valuation. According to Art. 66 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the market value of a land plot is established in accordance with the Federal Law on Valuation Activities.
To establish the cadastral value of land plots, a state cadastral valuation of land is carried out. In accordance with Art. 66 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the procedure for conducting state cadastral valuation of land is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation approve the average level of cadastral value for the municipal district (urban district).
In cases of determining the market value of a land plot, the cadastral value of the land plot is established as a percentage of its market value.
Rights to land plots that are in constant (perpetual) use of budgetary institutions, state authorities and local self-government are subject to state registration in accordance with the norms of current legislation.
As part of the participant (party) in the agreement for free (perpetual) use, budgetary institutions, state authorities, local governments register a plot of land in accordance with the relevant regulations. It should be recalled that registration and determination of the cadastral value of a land plot are not the basis for accepting the land plot for budget accounting.
Expenses associated with the registration of land plots are carried out by institutions under subarticle 226 “Other work, services”.
Land plots are reflected at their original cost at the time of their involvement in economic (economic) turnover.
Following legal logic, the involvement of land plots in economic turnover is:
- acquisition of land plots;
- free receipt of land plots from other budgets, state and municipal organizations of other budgets, non-governmental organizations;
- sale of land plots;
- transfer of land plots to other budgets, state and municipal organizations of another budget, non-governmental organizations.
The involvement of land plots in economic (economic) turnover is carried out taking into account the restrictions established by Art. 27 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation.
These restrictions on the involvement of land plots in economic (economic) turnover should be taken into account when reflecting transactions with land plots in budget accounting.
Buildings and structures built on land and plantings are not taken into account as part of land plots.
Land plots as a type of non-produced assets are reflected at their original cost at the time of their involvement in economic (economic) turnover, which is formed on account 010613000 “Investments in non-produced assets - real estate of the institution.”
The term "original cost" applies to all groups of non-current assets (fixed assets, intangible assets and non-produced assets). However, clause 72 of the Instructions for the application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for state authorities, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, state academies of sciences, state (municipal) institutions dated December 1, 2010 N 157n, it is determined that in order to form the initial cost objects of non-produced assets upon their acquisition, with the exception of objects involved in economic (economic) turnover for the first time, the actual investments of the institution are formed taking into account the amounts of value added tax presented to the institution by suppliers (contractors, performers), except for the acquisition of an object within the framework of the institution’s taxable activities VAT including:
1) amounts paid in accordance with the agreement to the seller (supplier);
2) amounts paid to organizations for information and consulting services related to the acquisition of an object of non-produced assets;
3) registration fees, state duties and other similar payments made in connection with the acquisition of an item of non-produced assets;
4) the amount of remuneration paid to the intermediary organization through which the object of non-produced assets was acquired;
5) other costs directly related to the acquisition of an object of non-produced assets.
In addition, general and other similar expenses, as well as expenses associated with bringing non-produced assets into a condition suitable for use, are not included in the amount of actual investments.
To reflect the value of land plots on which real estate objects transferred to institutions for use are located, in budget accounting it is necessary to carry out a whole range of activities - geodetic surveys, determination of boundaries, assignment of a cadastral number, etc. This is associated with costs that are possible in the event of budgetary allocations . Thus, in fact, land plots can be included in the assets of the institution, subject to the relevant decision of a higher authority, duly documented.
Expenses incurred on non-produced assets are accumulated on account 010613000 “Investments in non-produced assets - real estate of the institution.” Upon completion of the process of forming the initial cost, the collected costs are written off to the debit of the accounts opened to account 010311000 “Land - real estate of the institution.”
In accordance with clause 79 of the Instructions for the application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for state authorities, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, state academies of sciences, state (municipal) institutions dated December 1, 2010 N 157n, the category “land” is understood as objects of non-produced assets in the form of land plots, as well as capital expenses inseparable from land plots, which include expenses of a non-inventory nature (not related to the construction of structures) for cultural and technical measures for the surface improvement of land for agricultural use, made at the expense of capital investments (planning land plots, uprooting areas for arable land, clearing fields of stones and boulders, cutting off hummocks, clearing thickets, cleaning reservoirs, reclamation, drainage, irrigation and other works that are inseparable from the land), with the exception of buildings and structures built on this land ( e.g. roads, tunnels, administrative buildings, etc.), plantings, groundwater or biological resources.
Operations of receipt and gratuitous transfer of land plots are formalized by the act of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets (except for buildings and structures) N OS-1 (f. 0306001).
Each land plot is assigned a unique serial inventory number, which is used in budget accounting registers and is not indicated on the objects. Analytical accounting of land plots is maintained in the inventory card for recording fixed assets.

Receipt of land plots and their acceptance for registration

Accounting for transactions involving the receipt of objects of non-produced assets is carried out:
- in the Journal of operations on the disposal and transfer of non-financial assets in terms of operations to accept non-produced assets for accounting at the generated initial cost;
- in the Journal for other transactions - for other transactions of receipt of objects of non-produced assets.
Acceptance of land plots for budget accounting at the time of their involvement in economic circulation is reflected in the following accounting entries:
1. Acquisition of a land plot for a fee in the amount of the institution’s actual investments in its acquisition - the cost of the land plot:

Credit 0 302 33 730 "Increase in accounts payable for the acquisition of non-produced assets."
2. Taking into account the cost of services related to the registration of a land plot:
Debit 0 106 13 330 "Increase in investments in non-produced assets - real estate of the institution"
Credit 0 302 26 730 "Increase in accounts payable for other works and services."
3. Accounting for transactions involving investments in land plots upon gratuitous receipt of:

Debit 0 106 13 330 "Increase in investments in non-produced assets - real estate of the institution"


Debit 0 106 13 330 "Increase in investments in non-produced assets - real estate of the institution"


Debit 0 106 13 330 "Increase in investments in non-produced assets - real estate of the institution"

4. Acceptance of a land plot for budget accounting at its original cost:

Credit 0 106 13 430 "Reducing investments in non-produced assets - real estate of the institution."
The same accounting entry records the capitalization of capital expenses inseparable from land plots, as well as non-inventory expenses for cultural and technical measures for the superficial improvement of land for agricultural use, made through capital investments of the value of received land plots.
5. Acceptance for budget accounting at the formed value of a land plot received through transfer from public legal entities and institutions, if such transfer does not involve additional costs:
- between institutions subordinate to one main manager (manager) of budget funds:
Debit 0 103 11 330 "Increase in the value of land - real estate of the institution"
Credit 0 304 04 330 "Internal departmental settlements";
- between institutions of different budget levels:
Debit 0 103 11 330 "Increase in the value of land - real estate of the institution"
Credit 0 401 10 151 “Income from receipts from other budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation”;
- between institutions subordinate to different main managers (managers) of budget funds of the same budget level, between institutions subordinate to one main manager (manager) of budget funds within the framework of income-generating activities, as well as when receiving them from state and municipal organizations:
Debit 0 103 11 330 "Increase in the value of land - real estate of the institution"
Credit 0 401 10 180 "Other income".
When accepting for accounting land plots that were not previously taken into account, but were actually owned, possessed or used by institutions and government bodies, it is lawful to apply the procedure for accepting for accounting assets identified as surplus during the inventory. The capitalization of surplus land plots identified during the inventory is reflected at market value on the date of their acceptance for budget accounting:
Debit 0 103 11 330 "Increase in the value of land - real estate of the institution"
Credit 0 401 10 180 "Other income".

Relocation and disposal of land plots

Considering the accounting of transactions on disposal and transfer of land plots, it should be noted that these operations are carried out in the Journal of transactions on disposal and transfer of non-financial assets.
The internal movement of land plots between materially responsible persons in the institution is reflected in the internal accounting entry in the corresponding accounts of the analytical account 010311000 “Land - immovable property of the institution.”
Disposal of land plots that are on budgetary records in institutions is reflected depending on the reasons for disposal:
1. When selling land plots, as well as in the event of their disposal as having fallen into disrepair, an accounting entry is made:
Debit 0 401 10 172 "Income from operations with assets"

The deterioration of land plots implies not only the actual deterioration of operational properties (decrease in the fertility of agricultural land plots, land pollution), but also the emergence of factors affecting the market value of assets (declaration of easements, development of industrial zones in the neighborhood, etc.).
The shortage of land plots means the identification of a documentary error, as a result of which their market value was incorrectly established or the boundaries of the land plot were incorrectly determined.
2. When transferring land plots free of charge:
- between institutions subordinate to one main manager (manager) of budget funds:
Debit 0 304 04 330 "Internal departmental settlements"

- between institutions of different budget levels:
Debit 0 401 20 251 "Expenses on transfers to other budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation"
Credit 0 103 11 430 “Decrease in the value of land - real estate of the institution”;
- between institutions subordinate to different main managers (managers) of budget funds of the same budget level, between institutions subordinate to one main manager (manager) of budget funds within the framework of income-generating activities, as well as when receiving them from state and municipal organizations:
Debit 0 401 20 241 "Expenses for gratuitous transfers to state and municipal organizations"
Credit 0 103 11 430 “Decrease in the value of land - real estate of the institution”;
- other organizations that are not state and municipal:
Debit 0 401 20 242 "Expenses on gratuitous transfers to organizations, with the exception of state and municipal organizations"
Credit 0 103 11 430 "Decrease in the value of land - real estate of the institution."
3. When writing off land plots that have become unusable due to natural disasters and other emergency situations:
Debit 0 401 20 273 "Extraordinary expenses on transactions with assets"
Credit 0 103 11 430 "Decrease in the value of land - real estate of the institution."
4. When disposing of a land plot in the form of an investment in the authorized capital of organizations:
Debit 0 302 73 830 "Reduction of accounts payable for the acquisition of shares and other forms of participation in capital"
Credit 0 103 11 430 "Decrease in the value of land - real estate of the institution."
The disposal of land plots in the form of their contribution to the authorized capital of business companies and partnerships is possible in relation to land plots owned by an institution or governing body financed from budgetary funds.
The peculiarity of land plots as non-produced assets is that they are not subject to depreciation, since their value does not decrease over time. In addition, the useful life of land plots is uncertain.

Off-balance sheet accounting of land plots

According to clause 77 of the Instructions for the application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for state authorities, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, state academies of sciences, state (municipal) institutions dated December 1, 2010 N 157n, reflection in the accounting of the institution of transactions related to by obtaining (granting) rights to use objects of non-produced assets, non-produced assets are not recorded on balance sheet accounts.
From the meaning of clause 332 of the Instructions for the application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for State Authorities, Local Government Bodies, Management Bodies of State Extra-Budgetary Funds, State Academies of Sciences, State (Municipal) Institutions dated December 1, 2010 N 157n, it follows that property received from the right of perpetual use must be accounted for by the institution in off-balance sheet accounts. Thus, the provisions of paragraph. 1 p. 333 Instructions for the application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for state authorities, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, state academies of sciences, state (municipal) institutions dated 01.12.2010 N 157n allow us to conclude that in In accordance with the accounting policy, land plots can be separately accounted for in the institution on account 01 “Property received for use.”
However, guided by para. 3 p. 332 Instructions for the application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for state authorities, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, state academies of sciences, state (municipal) institutions dated 12/01/2010 N 157n, authorized officials may decide on accounting of land plots on a special additional off-balance sheet account. In this case, payments made by the institution for the right to use the land plot granted to it are included in the expenses attributed to the financial result of the current financial year.
Thus, the features of the legal status of land plots classified as non-produced assets are currently regulated by the norms of civil and land legislation. Budget accounting provides for on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet accounting of land plots, which is due to the legal rights of the institution to these objects of non-produced assets. Depreciation is not charged on land plots due to the fact that their value does not decrease over time and their useful life is indefinite.

In accordance with current legislation, the cadastral value of a plot of land can be adjusted if the qualitative and (or) quantitative characteristics change, as well as on the basis of a decision of the court or dispute resolution commission on the results of determining the cadastral value. In the article, 1C experts consider, using the example of a budgetary institution, how to reflect in accounting in the program “1C: Public Institution Accounting 8” a change in the cadastral value of land plots used by state (municipal) institutions on the right of permanent (perpetual) use.

Regulatory regulation

According to paragraph 71 of the Instructions for the use of the Unified Chart of Accounts, approved. By order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n, land plots used by institutions on the right of permanent (perpetual) use (including those located under real estate) are accounted for in the corresponding analytical accounting account of account 10300 “Non-produced assets” on the basis of a document (certificate) , confirming the right to use a land plot located on the territory of the Russian Federation, at their cadastral value.

In accordance with the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the use of land in the Russian Federation is paid. The forms of payment for the use of land are land tax (before the implementation of the real estate tax) and rent (clause 1 of Article 65 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation).

For tax purposes and in other cases provided for by the Land Code of the Russian Federation and federal laws, the cadastral value of a land plot is established. The cadastral value of a land plot can also be used to determine the rent for a land plot that is in state or municipal ownership (clause 5 of Article 65 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation).

To establish the cadastral value of land plots, a state cadastral valuation of land is carried out (clause 2 of article 66 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation). Cadastral valuation of land is carried out on the basis of a decision of the executive body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or in cases established by the legislation of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, by decision of a local government body, the assessment results are entered into the state real estate cadastre (Article 24.12 of the Federal Law of July 29, 1998 No. 135-FZ " On appraisal activities in the Russian Federation"). Information on the cadastral value of real estate is information from the federal state information resource (state real estate cadastre), is publicly available and is used to determine tax and other payments. According to paragraph 1.2 of the Methodological Instructions for State Cadastral Valuation, approved. By order of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia dated 06/07/2016 No. 358, the cadastral value of a real estate property is determined for the purposes provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, including for taxation, on the basis of market and other information related to the economic characteristics of its use, without taking into account anything other than property rights, property rights to this object. The cadastral value represents the most probable price of a real estate object at which it can be purchased based on the possibility of continuing the actual type of its use, regardless of restrictions on the disposal of this object.

When the qualitative and (or) quantitative characteristics of real estate objects change, entailing a change in their cadastral value, the body performing the functions of state cadastral valuation determines the cadastral value of real estate objects. The corresponding changes are made to the Unified State Register of Real Estate and Real Estate Objects (USRN) (Article 24.19 of the Law on Valuation Activities). The results of determining the cadastral value can be challenged by legal entities and individuals if the results of determining the cadastral value affect the rights and obligations of these persons, as well as by state authorities, local governments in relation to real estate objects that are in state or municipal ownership, in court and commission for the consideration of disputes about the results of determining the cadastral value (hereinafter referred to as the commission) (Article 24.18 of the Law on Valuation Activities). Thus, the cadastral value can be changed by decision of a court or commission. Information about changes in the cadastral value based on a decision of a commission or court, including the date of filing the corresponding application for revision of the cadastral value, is subject to entry into the Unified State Register of Real Estate in accordance with Federal Law No. 218-FZ dated July 13, 2015 “On State Registration of Real Estate.”

By Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 16, 2016 No. 209n (clause 2.9), paragraph 28 of Instruction No. 157n was supplemented with the following provision: “Changes in the value of land plots accounted for as non-financial assets due to changes in their cadastral value are reflected in the accounting records of the financial year in which these changes occurred, with these changes reflected in the accounting (financial) statements.”

According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 02/07/2008 No. 52 “On the procedure for bringing the cadastral value of land plots to the attention of taxpayers,” information about the cadastral value of land plots for tax purposes is posted on the official website of the Federal Real Estate Cadastre Agency on the Internet. But this norm came into force only in 2017. The Federal Tax Service of Russia, by letter dated 02/07/2017 No. BS-4-21/2140@, informed territorial divisions about the implementation on the official website of Rosreestr (www.rosreestr.ru) of the possibility of obtaining an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate on the cadastral value of land plots. The letter also noted that the information on the cadastral value contained in the extract can be used for tax administration purposes, including updating information in the databases of tax authorities.

Thus, it is now possible to timely adjust the value of a land plot by receiving an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate.

If information about changes in cadastral value was received by the institution late, when reflecting changes in accounting, you should be guided by paragraph 3 of Instruction No. 157n: “accounting data and the reporting of accounting entities generated on their basis are formed taking into account the materiality of the facts of economic life that have had or may have an impact on the financial condition, cash flow or results of operations of the institution and took place in the period between the reporting date and the date of signing the accounting ( financial) reporting (hereinafter referred to as an event after the reporting date); in the event that, in order to comply with the deadlines for submitting accounting (financial) statements and (or) due to the late receipt of primary accounting documents, information about an event after the reporting date is not used when generating accounting (financial) reporting indicators, information about the specified event and its assessment in in monetary terms is disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements (text part of the explanatory note).”

The date of reflection in accounting and reporting of changes in the value of a land plot must be agreed upon with the founder of the institution (with the financial authority responsible for the preparation of consolidated statements). At the very least, this fact should be reflected in the explanatory note (f. 0503160), (f. 0503760). According to paragraph 20 of the Instructions for the application of the Chart of Accounts for accounting of budgetary institutions, approved. By order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 16, 2010 No. 174n, changes in the value of land plots previously accepted for accounting due to changes in their cadastral value are reflected in the debit of account 010311000 “Land - immovable property of the institution” and the credit of account 140110180* “Other income”, in the amount of change: in the case of an increase in the book value in a positive value, in the case of a decrease in the book value - with a minus sign.

Note:
* In the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 16, 2016 No. 209n “On introducing amendments to some orders of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation in order to improve budget (accounting) accounting and reporting,” an error was made. This probably means account 040110180.

How to change the cost of legal acts in “1C: Public Institution Accounting 8”

To change the value of objects of non-produced assets, including land plots, the document is intended in the “1C: Accounting of a State Institution 8” program, edition 1 Change in the value of legal acts(menu OS, intangible assets, legal acts - Accounting for non-produced assets - Change in the value of legal acts) (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1

If, by agreement with the founder, it was decided to reflect a change in the cadastral value of a land plot as an event after the reporting date with inclusion in the report for 2016, then as dates document Change in the value of legal acts"12/31/2016" should be indicated. In other cases, as dates document, the date of receipt of the revaluation document by the institution should be indicated.

You should select an operation in the document Change in cost (103 - 401.10.180).

According to subparagraph “b” of paragraph 1.2.1 of the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 02-07-07/5669, the Treasury of Russia No. 07-04-05/02-120 dated 02.02.2017 “On the preparation and presentation of annual budget statements and consolidated financial statements of state budgetary and autonomous institutions by the chief administrators of federal budget funds for 2016", when changing the cadastral value of land plots previously accepted for budget accounting, as well as when registering land plots and other non-financial (financial) assets based on inventory results, the financial result indicator is formed according to credit account number 1 17 00000 00 0000 000 1 401 10 180 “Other income” (an increase in the value of an asset with a “+” sign, a decrease with a “-” sign).

Budgetary and autonomous institutions have been using the CPS of the type “AU and BU” since 01/01/2017.

Therefore, by analogy with the KBK given in the specified Letter for government institutions, in the field Income account should select full working income account 401.10.180 with KPS kind AU and BU, with clarification KDB, with code ХХХХ 0000000000 000, where ХХХХ is the code of the corresponding section, subsection, for example 0706 0000000000 000.

As type of movement of the NFA the value will be automatically substituted Change due to revaluation(see Fig. 1).

In the tabular part of the document you should select a land plot using the button Selection. The name of the regulatory legal act object (column) will be filled in along the line NPA), inventory number, cost of the land plot before the change (column Cost (before change)). In the column Cost (after change) it is necessary to indicate the cost of the land plot taking into account revaluation, and in the column Reason for price change- the reason that will be displayed in column 2 “Change in the value of the object, reason” of table “2. Cost of the object, change in book value, depreciation" of the inventory card (f. 0504031), for example, "Change in cadastral value" (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2

If the value after the change is less than the value recorded on account 103.11, an accounting entry is generated for the amount of the difference when posting the document to reduce the cadastral value of the land plot:

Debit 103.11.330 Credit 401.10.180 - in a negative value.

In addition, movements are generated according to the accumulation register Cost of fixed assets(Fig. 3) to reflect changes in the value of the land plot in the inventory card (form 0504031).

Accounting for land in accounting has its own specifics. Under what conditions can a plot of land be accepted for accounting, how to write off the costs of its purchase and what transactions are used to document transactions with land - read about this in the article.

Features of accounting for land plots

The procedure for registering land transactions is regulated by the provisions of Chapter. 17 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the norms of the Land Code of the Russian Federation and the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, as well as PBU 6/01 (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n).

You can buy land only on the basis of a purchase and sale agreement drawn up in writing (Article 550 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). There is no need to notarize the agreement. The contract must contain all the information about the restrictions or encumbrances of the land, as well as the location and price of the plot (Articles 554, 555 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The object of the transaction can only be land that has undergone state cadastral registration (Article 37 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation).

Ownership of land passes from the moment of state registration in Rosreestr (Clause 2 of Article 223 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The fee for state registration of land transactions for legal entities is 22,000 rubles. (Subclause 22, Clause 1, Article 333.33 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

According to accounting rules, land should be classified as fixed assets (FA) (clause 5 of PBU 6/01). The site is accepted for registration if the following conditions are met:

• the company will use it in its core business or rent it out;
• use will last longer than 12 months;
• resale of the plot is not planned - otherwise the land must be recorded in account 41 (letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated June 23, 2009 No. 03-05-05-01/36);
• income is expected to be received from the acquired land (clause 4 of PBU 6/01).

When purchasing a land plot, it is taken into account at its original cost, formed from actual costs:

• payment to the counterparty for the site itself;
• the cost of information and consulting services, for example, the work of a realtor;
• intermediary remuneration;
• state duty and other non-refundable taxes;
• other expenses associated with the acquisition of land.

NOTE! The sale of land is not subject to VAT (subclause 6, clause 2, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Purchasing land is an expensive operation, so companies often take out a loan for this. Interest on the loan is included in the cost of the land until the site is transferred from a non-current asset to fixed assets (clause 7 of PBU 15/2008, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 6, 2008 No. 107n).

The company can also receive land:

• Free of charge - then it is accepted for accounting at the market price confirmed by an independent appraiser (letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2015 No. 03-04-05/3074). Moreover, if the land was donated by the founder of the company, who owns more than half the share of the authorized capital (AC) of the recipient company, then the recipient does not generate income. Otherwise, gratuitous receipt is non-operating income for profit tax purposes (subclause 11, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
• Under an exchange agreement, the organization will accept the site in accordance with the value of the valuables transferred to another company in exchange (clause 11 of PBU 6/01, article 568 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
• On account of the contribution to the management company - according to the assessment agreed upon by the founders.

The land is transferred to the OS when it is fully ready for operation and the initial cost has been formed. A company can accept a plot of land for accounting on account 01, without waiting for registration of ownership - then it is reflected in a separate sub-account of account 01 (clause 52 of the Methodological Guidelines for OS Accounting, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n).

Land plots are not depreciated either in accounting or in NU (clause 17 of PBU 6/01, clause 2 of article 256 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). There is no other way to include expenses for the purchase of land in the company’s expenses (Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated March 14, 2006 No. 14231/05).

The costs of purchasing a land plot can only be taken into account when it is subsequently sold. Then, on the date of transfer of the plot to the buyer, the seller of the land reflects the income from the transaction, reduced by the cost of acquiring the plot and expenses for its sale (clause 31 of PBU 6/01, clause 1 of Article 271, clause 1 of Article 268 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) .

In a special procedure, expenses for the acquisition of land from state or municipal property on which buildings, structures or structures are located, or which is acquired for the construction of an operating system, are recognized for profit, under agreements for the acquisition of plots concluded from 01/01/2007 to 12/31/2011. Such costs can be (subclause 1, clause 3, article 264.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation):

• Recognize evenly over the period chosen by the enterprise (at least 5 years).
• Accept as a reduction in profit in the reporting (tax) period a maximum of 30% of the tax base for the profit of the previous tax period until the entire amount is fully recognized. At the same time, a permanent tax difference arises in accounting, which we will consider below.

NOTE! Land can be used only in accordance with the type of permitted use given in the State Real Estate Cadastre (clause 1 of Article 263 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

A land plot is subject to land tax. Read more about the procedure for paying it in the article. “Time limits for payment of advance payments for land tax” .

Documentation of transactions with land plots

Operations with land can only be carried out if the agreement is drawn up in writing. The parties draw up 3 copies of the agreement: 1 for each participant in the transaction and 1 for Rosreestr.

The registration of the plot on account 08 is carried out on the date of actual transfer of land according to the transfer and acceptance certificate or the date of signing the agreement (if the agreement is equated by the parties to the transfer and acceptance certificate).

You can keep records of land plots using standardized forms OS-1 And OS-6 or according to independently developed forms compiled using mandatory details (Article 9 of the Law “On Accounting” dated November 22, 2011 No. 402-FZ).

When accepting a land plot from the founder, it is necessary to conduct an independent assessment of the land, as well as make changes to the company’s constituent documents.

How to do this, read the article “Accounting entries for contributions to the authorized capital” .

If the organization received the land free of charge, then the market valuation of the site is confirmed by an independent appraiser or cadastral registration data (Article 66 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation).

The company can lease the land. Then a lease agreement must be concluded and an act of acceptance and transfer of property to the counterparty must be drawn up. If the lease agreement is concluded for a period of more than a year, then it must be registered with the territorial branch of Rosreestr (clause 2 of Article 609, clause 2 of Article 651 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

For more information about registration of land rental transactions in accounting, read the article “Accounting for the lease of fixed assets (nuances)” .

Accounting for transactions with land plots: postings

Actual expenses for the purchase of land are collected on account 08 in correspondence with accounts 60, 76. Payment of the state duty and its inclusion in the cost of the land plot is carried out by entries:

• Dt 68 Kt 51 - the fee for registering land ownership has been paid;
• Dt 08 Kt 68 - the duty is included in the initial cost of the land.

Further accounting of land depends on the purposes of its use. If a company builds buildings on the territory, but at the expense of investors, then such an object cannot be recognized as OS - it will remain on account 08. Upon completion of construction, the accountant will make an entry:

• Dt 76 Kt 08 - land was transferred to the investor in connection with the completion of construction work.

If the owner uses the land for his own purposes and for his own money, then the site should be included in the OS by posting:

• Dt 01 Kt 08 - the land plot was accepted as part of the OS.

When purchasing land from the state for the construction of OS (under contracts of 2007-2011), a tax difference arises: in the NU, spending on land is recognized as an expense, but in the BU it is not. The accountant should reflect a permanent tax asset in accounting on a monthly basis until expenses are completely written off in tax accounting:

• Dt 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Kt 99 subaccount “PNA” for the amount of Z / n / 12 months. × 20%,

Z is the initial cost of the site;

n is the number of years to write off expenses for the purchase of land.

The sale of land is recorded by the following records:

• Dt 45 subaccount “Transferred real estate” Kt 01 - the cost of land is written off;
• Dt 62 Kt 91 - revenue from the sale is reflected;
• Dt 91 Kt 45 subaccount “Transferred real estate” - the initial cost of the sold plot is reflected as part of other expenses.

We remind you that the sale of land is not subject to VAT.

When land is added to the company’s authorized capital, the accountant will make the following entries:

• Dt 75 Kt 80 - reflects the debt of the founder for the contribution to the management company;
• Dt 08 Kt 75 - a land plot was received on account of the founder’s contribution to the management company;
• Dt 01 Kt 08 - land is accepted for accounting as an asset.

The transfer of land as a contribution to the management company of another legal entity is reflected in the following entries:

• Dt 58 Kt 76 subaccount “Settlements on deposits in the Criminal Code” - reflects the debt on deposits in the Criminal Code;
• Dt 76 subaccount “Settlements for deposits in the management company” Kt 01 - the plot was entered as a contribution to the management company.

If the initial cost of the transferred land differs from the estimate agreed upon by the founders, the difference should be attributed to the appropriate subaccount of account 91 in correspondence with account 76 (subaccount “Settlements for deposits in the management company”).

The accountant reflects the receipt of a land plot free of charge with the following entries:

• Dt 08 Kt 83 - land was received from the founder, whose share in the management company is more than 50%, while the company has no income;
• Dt 08 Kt 98 - land was received free of charge from other persons;
• Dt 08 Kt 01 - land plot put into operation;
• Dt 98 Kt 91 - income from the gratuitous receipt of a land plot is recognized.

If your company transfers a land plot free of charge, then the accounting entry is as follows:

• Dt 91 Kt 01 - reflects the cost of land donated to another company.

Income and expenses do not arise in tax accounting when transferring land free of charge (Articles 249, 250, paragraph 16 of Article 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). But then a permanent tax liability is formed in accounting, which is taken into account simultaneously with the write-off of the cost of land and the costs of its transfer (clause 7 of PBU 18/02):

• Dt 99 subaccount “PNO” Kt 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” - reflected PNO due to the difference in accounting when transferring property free of charge.

When concluding an agreement for the exchange of wiring from a company transferring land and accepting other property in return, the following:

• Dt 08, 10, 41 Kt 60 - valuables were received under an exchange agreement;
• Dt 62 Kt 91—reflects income from the transfer of land under an exchange agreement;
• Dt 91 Kt 01 - the cost of the transferred land plot has been written off;
• Dt 60 Kt 62 - the obligations of the parties are fully repaid upon fulfillment of the terms of the exchange agreement.

The financial result from barter transactions in the accounting of transaction participants is zero.

In exceptional cases, a land plot may be withdrawn (Article 49 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation). Government agencies are obliged to notify the owner of the land plot about this. The owner or user of land has the right to claim compensation in the amount of the market value of the land plot, the real estate located on it, as well as losses and lost profits from the seizure (Articles 56.8, 56.9 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation). On the date of termination of ownership of land, the following entries are made:

• Dt 91 Kt 01 - disposal of land;
• Dt 76 Kt 91 - other income includes the amount of compensation for seizure.

Results

Features of land accounting are as follows:

• land is an OS object;
• the purchase and sale agreement is drawn up only in writing, taking into account the requirements of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation;
• land ownership is subject to mandatory registration;
• sales of land are not subject to VAT;
• land cannot be depreciated;
• expenses for the purchase of land can only be written off when it is sold;
• In a special manner, plots acquired in 2007-2011 from the state for the construction of environmental protection are taken into account.

For more information about what kind of reporting should be submitted to the land owner, read the article

" № 12/2017

Commentary to the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 14, 2017 No. 02-07-05/59444.

Some autonomous institutions are assigned land plots under the right of permanent, unlimited use. They are accounted for in account 0 103 11 000 “Land – immovable property of the institution” on the basis of a document (certificate) confirming the right to use the land plot, at the cadastral value (clause 71 of Instruction No. 157n).

For reference:

Land - objects of non-produced assets in the form of land plots, as well as capital expenses inseparable from land plots, which include non-inventory expenses (not related to the construction of structures) for cultural and technical measures for the surface improvement of land for agricultural use, made at the expense of capital investments (planning of land plots, uprooting areas for arable land, clearing fields of stones and boulders, cutting off hummocks, clearing thickets, cleaning reservoirs, reclamation, drainage, irrigation and other works that are inseparable from the land), with the exception of buildings and structures built on this land (for example, roads, tunnels, administrative buildings, etc.), plantings, underground water or biological resources (clause 79 of Instruction No. 157n).

In the commented Letter dated September 14, 2017 No. 02-07-05/59444, the Ministry of Finance noted that if the land plot is unknown due to the lack of relevant information in the registration documents, this does not give the accounting entity the right not to reflect the event of receipt of the specified non-financial asset in the accounting accounting

From the provisions of paragraph 23 of Instruction No. 157n it follows that the initial value of land plots held by institutions under the right of free (perpetual) use is recognized as their market (cadastral) value as of the date of acceptance for accounting. Since the land plot was not acquired, its cadastral value is unknown; in this case, the market value of the plot is established by the commission on the receipt and disposal of assets. After the land plot is accepted for cadastral registration and its cadastral value is known, its initial value is adjusted.

According to clause 20 of Instruction No. 183n, transactions for the receipt of objects of non-produced assets are recorded in the following accounting entries:

A land plot, including one located under real estate, has been accepted for registration under the right of permanent (perpetual) use (accounted for at the cadastral value (the value specified in the document for the right to use a land plot located outside the territory of the Russian Federation)
The value of a land plot previously accepted for accounting has been changed due to a change in its cadastral value:
– in case of increase in the value of the land plot
– in case of a decrease in the value of the land plot (the operation is reflected using the “red” method)

Here we also present the recommendations set out in the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 02-07-07/5669, the Treasury of the Russian Federation No. 07-04-05/02-120 dated 02/02/2017, regarding the reflection of the value of land plots in the balance sheet (f. 0503130). Autonomous institutions fill out this form only if the budgetary powers of the recipient of budget funds have been transferred to them, which is extremely rare. Despite the fact that such clarifications do not entirely apply to autonomous institutions, we found the position of the Ministry of Finance interesting and we believe that autonomous institutions may well use it in their work (when preparing financial statements). From the above letter it follows that a change in the cadastral value of a land plot after the reporting date, but before the submission of reports, refers to a significant event and is subject to reflection in the reports for 2017. Moreover, if, in order to comply with the deadlines for submitting budget reporting and (or) due to the late receipt of primary accounting documents (documents confirming changes in the cadastral value of a land plot), information about an event after the reporting date is not used in the formation of balance sheet reporting indicators, information about the specified event and its assessment in monetary terms are subject to disclosure when submitting budget reporting in the text part of section. 4 “Analysis of financial reporting indicators of the subject of budget reporting” explanatory note (form 0503160).

Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts for accounting of autonomous institutions, approved. By Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 23, 2010 No. 183n.