Spa treatment for diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Cardiological sanatoriums Resorts for patients with a heart stimulator

Mytishchi district

Tuapse district

Evpatoria, resort

Russia is a country in two parts of the world, a state whose territory covers the sandy Baltic spit and the rocky islands of Chukotka, stretches from the northern Arctic latitudes to the subtropics. Russia has unimaginable wealth - cultural and historical heritage, protected forests and untouched spaces. The elegant streets of St. Petersburg and the architectural monuments of Kaliningrad compete with the architecture of ancient cities - multi-domed churches and merchant houses, and the beaches of the Black Sea coast compete with the northern forests of Karelia and the ridges of the Ural Mountains.

Geography

Russia is the largest country on our planet by area, occupying 17.1 million square kilometers. The state is located in Eurasia and covers both parts of the continent. About a third of Russia's territory is located in Eastern Europe, and the rest belongs to northern Asia. The Russian shores are washed by the waters of 12 seas belonging to the basins of the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and by the waters of the closed Caspian Sea.

Russia lies on large platforms, so its topography is predominantly flat. In the west of the country stretches the undulating Central Russian Plain, separated by the ridge of the Ural Mountains from the Siberian Plateau. In the south of Russia there are the Caucasus mountain systems with the highest point of the country - Mount Elbrus, Sayan and Altai. In the Far East, the peaks of extinct and active volcanoes soar upward.

There are about 2.5 million rivers and 3 million lakes in Russia. Most rivers are flat in nature, but there are also turbulent mountain rivers in Russia with rocky, rapids beds. The country's largest rivers are the Ob, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei and Volga. The lake region of Russia is Karelia, where the largest lakes in Europe are located - Ladoga and Onega; in Eastern Siberia there is the deepest lake on the planet - Baikal.

The flora of Russia is a velvet of mosses and lichens in the taiga tundra, coniferous forests encircling the glacial lakes of Karelia, oak forests and birch groves, feather grass and fescue steppes, broad-leaved Far Eastern forests, subtropical flora on the Black Sea coast. Nature protection zones have been created in Russia, there are 42 national parks and 71 nature reserves.

Climate

The territory of Russia covers several climatic zones: Arctic and subarctic on the shores of the Arctic Ocean and in the northern regions, temperate, subtropical on the Black Sea coast. However, most of the country is characterized by a climate of temperate latitudes: continental, temperate continental, sharply continental and monsoon in the Far East.

In general, Russia has a long, snowy and cold winter. Depending on the region, average January temperatures range from 6 to −50 °C. Summer in most of Russia is moderately warm with an average temperature from 1 °C in the northern regions to 25 °C on the Black Sea coast.

Time

The territory of Russia covers 11 time zones:

Kaliningrad time - MSK−1 (UTC+2)
Moscow time - MSK (UTC+3)
Samara time - MSK+1 (UTC+4)
Ekaterinburg time - MSK+2 (UTC+5)
Omsk time - MSK+3 (UTC+6)
Krasnoyarsk time - MSK+4 (UTC+7)
Irkutsk time - MSK+5 (UTC+8)
Yakut time - MSK+6 (UTC+9)
Vladivostok time - MSK+7 (UTC+10)
Central Kolyma time - MSK+8 (UTC+11)
Kamchatka time - MSK+9 (UTC+12)

Language

Official language of Russia: Russian. Subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to establish state and official languages ​​used on an equal basis with Russian. The most common foreign languages ​​in Russia are Ukrainian, Belarusian and German. English is widely used in business and tourism, as a means of international communication, mainly in large cities.

Population

The population of Russia is 142 million people. About 80% of the population are Russians. In total, representatives of more than 200 nationalities and nationalities live in the country.

Currency

Official currency: ruble (RUB).

Customs regulations

Undeclared import and export of currency is limited to an amount equivalent to 10,000USD. Duty-free import of goods for personal consumption is limited - alcohol and cigarettes: a liter of alcohol, up to 50 cigars or cigarillos, or 200 cigarettes, or 250 grams of tobacco, as well as goods and things for personal use: clothing, toiletries, jewelry, photographic and film equipment .

Jewelry, artistic and cultural values, works of art, psychotropic and potent medicinal substances, ammunition and weapons are subject to mandatory declaration.

Connection

In Russia, cellular communication services are provided by more than a hundred operators, the largest of which are the so-called “Big Three” - mobile operators MTS, Megafon and Beeline. The remaining companies have a significantly smaller number of clients and provide services in certain regions. SIM cards from the Big Three operators can be purchased everywhere - in stores, mobile phone stores, and post offices.

Russia's telephone code is +7.

To call Russia on a mobile phone, dial +7-subscriber number***

Mains voltage

Mains voltage 220 volts.

Tourism

Russia has opportunities for any type of tourism. The rich historical heritage has served to create excursion routes and educational tours, the long Black Sea coast is a traditional region of beach and active recreation, and ski resorts in Russia are rapidly developing. One of the main types of tourism in the country is health tourism. Over the centuries, a system of resort treatment has been developing in Russia - sanatoriums and spa hotels operate on sources of mineral waters, healing mud, and in places with a favorable climate.

Traditions/peculiarities. Russia has preserved many customs and traditions that go back centuries. Every spring, in large cities and very small towns they say goodbye to winter on a grand scale - they bake pancakes and burn a straw effigy of Maslenitsa, in the summer in villages they celebrate Ivan Kupala Day, and the main winter holiday is New Year.

One of the main features of the Russian people was and remains hospitality, which is most manifested in the feast. A traditional Russian meal includes first, second and third courses - soups and stews, baked poultry or meat, all kinds of baked goods - pies and pies. Dishes of national cuisine are presented in all their richness in restaurants. Daily cabbage soup, roast, sbitni and tinctures are served in the best establishments.

Safety

The safety of tourists in Russia is ensured by the forces of law and order. Since June 2014, tourist police units began operating in a number of regions, patrolling busy pedestrian streets, squares and parks.

In general, Russia is a safe country for tourists. However, to prevent unpleasant incidents, you should adhere to standard safety rules - do not leave personal belongings unattended, do not carry a wallet in the back pocket of your trousers or in an easily accessible place, beware of deserted and unlit places in the dark, do not use the services of unofficial taxi drivers, do not change currency at individuals.

Documentation

The list of documents required during vacation includes:

• Russian passport
• travel package or voucher
• health insurance policy
• if you plan to rent a car you must have a driver's license

If a tourist will relax in a sanatorium-resort institution and receive medical procedures, then a sanatorium-resort book is required, which can be obtained from a general practitioner.

Children accompanied by adults must have a birth certificate or passport, medical insurance.

Important phone numbers

Emergency numbers in Russia:

• Fire Service - 01
• Police - 02
• Ambulance - 03
• Unified 24/7 helpline when calling from a mobile phone – 112

Tourism

The choice of tourist destinations in Russia is wider than anywhere else. The peculiarities of the geographical location and historical development have allowed the formation of resort regions in the country, which are characterized by one or another type of recreation.

Beach holiday. There are many resorts in Russia offering a comfortable holiday on the sea coast. The traditional region of beach tourism in our country is the Krasnodar Territory. It is here that the summer capital of Russia is located - Sochi, the famous resorts of Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Adler, and the resort of Yeisk, located on the coast of the Azov Sea.

Beach holidays are offered by Crimean resorts. Sanatoriums, resort hotels, private and city beaches stretch along the entire coast of the peninsula. The main destinations are Alushta, Evpatoria, Kerch, Koktebel, Saki, Sevastopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta, the villages of Kurortnoye, Nikolaevka, Peschanoe and Shchelkino.

Sanatorium treatment carried out in almost all regions of Russia. Sanatoriums, resorts and medical centers operate at sources of mineral waters, healing mud, and in places with favorable climatic conditions. The most famous balneological resorts in the country are Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk.

Rich traditions of using natural factors have been formed in the Crimea, especially in Saki and Yevpatoria, where the first mud resorts opened. Sanatorium-resort treatment is carried out on the coast of the Krasnodar region, in the Moscow, Ryazan, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Tver and Tula regions, in the Urals. In the northern and northwestern regions of the country there are medical resorts Marcial Waters, Sestroretsk, Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk; the largest resort in Siberia is Belokurikha.

Excursion tours in Moscow, the Golden Ring of Russia, Pskov, Uglich, Veliky Novgorod, Vologda and Nizhny Novgorod allow travelers to get acquainted with the historical heritage of ancient Russian cities - ancient temples with gilded domes, ancient fortresses and castles, city mansions and merchant houses. Dozens of excursion routes run through the territory of Kazan, St. Petersburg and its environs - Peterhof, Lomonosov and Kronstadt. Educational tourism in Crimea involves visiting royal palaces, nature reserves and cave cities.

Ski tourism in Russia is experiencing rapid growth. The country has large mountain systems and modern ski resorts. In the Krasnodar Territory, on the slopes of the Main Caucasus Range, the Krasnaya Polyana resort is located. The level of service and modern infrastructure of Krasnaya Polyana during the Winter Olympic Games were appreciated by tourists and athletes from all over the world. The resort has the most modern equipment, pistes of various levels with a total length of 72 km, ski villages with comfortable hotels.

Among the high-mountainous resorts of Russia, ski holidays are offered by the Dombay and Elbrus region complexes, Abzakovo-Bannoye in the Urals. Each of the resorts has the necessary infrastructure and comfortable accommodation conditions.

Weekend tours. The most popular destinations for a weekend getaway are the cities of the Moscow region and the outskirts of large cities in different regions of the country. Short stay programs are offered by tourist centers, sanatoriums, spa hotels and hotels.

Children's holiday. Traditionally, summer health camps for children are located on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory - in Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse and Sochi, in Crimea - in the resorts of Evpatoria and Yalta, in the village of Peschanoye. Children's sanatoriums and camps are available in different regions of the country - Moscow, Kaluga, Leningrad and Rostov regions.

Leisure. There are many places in Russia where you can indulge in sports, active pastime, and extreme tourism. Baikal attracts not only with its natural beauty, but also with the possibility of hiking, scuba diving, hunting and fishing, ATV riding, cycling and horseback riding.

In the warm season, trekking, horseback riding, and rafting on mountain rivers are organized for tourists at the resorts of the Altai Mountains, Dombay and Krasnaya Polyana. In Crimea there are opportunities for mountaineering and hang gliding, mountain climbing, trekking, horseback riding, diving, and sea fishing. Active recreational activities in the north include sleigh rides, dog sledding and reindeer sledding. Conditions for active activities - hunting, fishing, hiking, cycling and horse riding - are available in Central Russia.

Visa

To visit the Russian Federation, citizens of most countries require a national visa. Visa-free entry for a period not exceeding 90 days is allowed to citizens of the CIS countries (except Turkmenistan), Abkhazia and South Ossetia, a number of South American countries, and a number of Balkan countries.

The basis for obtaining a Russian visa for foreign tourists is an Invitation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation or from a travel company that is included in the Federal Register of Tour Operators, which gives it the right to provide visa support to foreigners.

The most famous attractions

• The Moscow Kremlin is the oldest territory of the capital, with an area of ​​27.5 hectares. In 1367 The Kremlin was surrounded by a brick wall. On the territory there are the Arkhangelsk, Annunciation, Assumption Cathedrals, the Chamber of Facets, the Senate, the Terem Palace, the Tsar Bell, the Tsar Cannon.
• The Tretyakov Gallery was founded in 1856. This is the largest museum in the world, where unique paintings by masters of the 10th-20th centuries are collected.

• The Hermitage is the largest museum in the world, founded by Catherine the Great in the 18th century. The museum exhibits paintings by world-famous artists. In total, more than 3 million valuables are exhibited on the territory of the museum.
• St. Isaac's Cathedral was built in the 19th century by O. Montferrand - an outstanding monument of St. Petersburg. Both its external architecture and interior decoration are impressive, in which all types of art are presented - mosaics, painting, sculpture. The main iconostasis is decorated with lapis lazuli and malachite columns.
• Tsarskoe Selo is a nature reserve in Pushkino, includes a large park and architectural ensemble of the 18th-19th centuries, the country residence of the emperors. The museum is located on 107 hectares and consists of the Catherine Park, the Old Garden, the English Park, the Catherine Palace, the Memorial Museum, the Hermitage Pavilion, etc.
• Peter and Paul Fortress - located on Hare Island, the oldest monument in St. Petersburg. Within the boundaries of the museum there is the Commandant's House, the city museum, the Grand Ducal Burial Vault, Botny, the Engineering House, prison buildings, bastions, and the Peter and Paul Cathedral.
• The Russian Museum was opened in 1895 by Nicholas II. Within the walls of the building there is a rich exhibition of artistic treasures and a restoration center.
• Yusupov Palace is a beautiful architectural monument of the 18th-19th centuries. Guests of the palace were Queen Elizabeth II of England, the King of Greece, the Queen of Norway and other dignitaries. The building was built by I. Monighetti, J.B. Valen-Delamont, the Shuvalovs, Branitskys, Yusupovs lived in it.
• The palace and park ensemble of Peterhof is a beautiful monument located not far from St. Petersburg, founded in the 18th century. The territory includes the Lower and Upper parks, the Grand Palace, the largest system of fountains, water cascades, elegant sculptural compositions, and bas-reliefs.

• Pshadsky waterfall is a unique natural structure. Located on the river. Pshada consists of a whole cascade of small waterfalls.
• The ruins of the old city of Gorgypia show ancient ruins from the 4th century BC. The ancient foundations and cobbled streets have been preserved here. On the territory there is a large archaeological museum, where you can see the crypt of Hercules, monuments to Mother Mary, and the “Russian Gate” - the remains of a Turkish fortress.
• The city's local history museum is located in the Shchetnev gymnasium. Visitors are offered an interesting exhibition about the fauna, flora of Anapa, and the history of the Bosporan kingdom.

• The Arboretum is the largest botanical park, a kind of open-air museum. The park presents unique examples of the flora of the Western Caucasus, as well as many southern states located closer to the equator.
• Vorontsov caves are the largest underground agglomeration with a height difference of 240m. Some cavities are filled with water, and narrow passages sometimes make it difficult to navigate. In some sections of the caves there are ancient sites of primitive people.
• Sochi Art Museum is a major art center. The building displays paintings by Polenov, Aivazovsky, Shishkin, and exhibitions of contemporary masters are regularly held.

• Swallow's Nest is a famous historical and architectural monument located on the Aurora rock, rising 40 meters above the sea. The building is made in the style of a medieval knight's palace. The palace acquired its current appearance thanks to Baron Steingel.
• The Vorontsov Palace is located in Alupka, built from diabase, and there is a beautiful park in the surrounding area. The style of the palace combines English and neo-Mauritanian styles.
• Livadia Palace is the imperial residence. The castle was built in the Italian light style in the 19th century. It is considered the most luxurious palace in Crimea and is the venue for the Yalta Conference.
• Mount Ai-Petri is located on a plateau and has a flat top. The height is 1234 m. The mountain is considered a symbol of the southern coast of Crimea.
• Nikitsky Botanical Garden is a research institution working in the field of botany and fruit growing. There are several parks here - Montedor, Primorsky, Verkhniy, which contain a rich collection of plants brought from all over the world. This is the oldest botanical park in the world, which has interesting architectural structures.
• Masandra Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that served as the residence of Alexander the Third. The building was rebuilt in the 19th century in the style of French medieval castles. In the surrounding area there is a magnificent park, which features more than 250 species of shrubs and trees.
• House A.P. Chekhov is a memorial museum opened in honor of the writer in Yalta. The house has preserved all the furnishings of those times; Chekhov readings with the participation of foreign guests are often held there, and excursions are held.

Gurzuf

• House of Richelieu - erected in 1811 by the Duke of Richelieu in the form of a two-story stone building in European style. The Duke rarely came here on vacation, and more often provided the estate to his acquaintances. Pushkin, the Raevskys and other well-known personalities were here.
• Korovin's dacha is the home of an outstanding painter who worked in Gurzuf for a long time. A beautiful building with clear geometric proportions in the constructivist style.
• The watchtower is located on Cape Suuk-Su; it existed in the 6th century, when Byzantine legionnaires came to the land. The monument is often called the Tower of Geria or the Eagle's Nest.

• Admiralty Cathedral in honor of St. Vladimir is located on the Central Hill, considered the greatest Orthodox monument of the 19th century. The building has one massive dome, emphasizing the Byzantine architecture of the 9th-11th centuries. Instead of icons, there are marble slabs in the interior halls.
• Malakhov Kurgan is a grandiose monument, where there is a 19th century Defense Tower, a museum of the Heroic Defense and Liberation of the City, memorial plaques made of cast iron, cannons, and a beautiful park.
• Chersonesos is the oldest monument of Sevastopol, the ruins of an ancient Greek town of the ancient era, in which Vladimir of Kiev adopted Christianity.
• The Military History Museum in honor of the Black Sea Fleet is considered the oldest of its kind in the world. It opened in 1869, is located in a beautiful building, and presents a valuable exhibition dedicated to the morals and life of the Russian fleet from the tsarist era to the present day.
• The Genoese fortress with the interesting name Chembalo is located at a height above Balaklava Bay. Founded in 1357, it has defensive walls.

• Mangup is a cave city of medieval Crimea. There are numerous caves preserved here, carved into the rock along the entire perimeter of the plateau.
• The temple to the three horsemen is carved into a huge boulder. In the inner hall there is a fresco painting preserved from antiquity.
• Bakhchisarai Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that was previously the residence of the Crimean khans. The building is considered the only surviving monument of Crimean Tatar architecture. The Palace houses a museum of culture and history and an exhibition of weapons.

• The arboretum is a unique natural reserve located on rocky clay soil. Here is a rich collection of plants and shrubs, many of which are rare on the planet.
• Saki Resort Park was founded in 1890 by Melnichenko P.S. On the territory there are beautiful fountains, three lakes, and diverse vegetation.
• The Belyaus settlement was discovered in the 20th century and existed in the 4th-2nd centuries. BC. The monument is located on the Tarkhankun Peninsula.
• The excavations of Kerkinida, opened in 1964, prove the existence of Greek colonists on the site of the modern city. 30 burials were discovered on the territory.
• Kizyary are the oldest underground passages located under the old city. Tunnels carved into yellow shell rock are considered an important value of Evpatoria.

• The Genoese fortress is the oldest monument of the city with beautiful, strict medieval architecture. Today here you can see the Watchtower, a mosque, the residence of the Genoese consul, and the gates of the fortress.
• Church of the Intercession Ave. The Virgin Mary is the first architectural monument of the Russian era, which began after the annexation of Crimea. The building was built in the style of Russian classicism; the foundation stone took place in 1819 on September 20, as stated on the memorial plaque.

New World

• The Golitsyn trail begins at the green bay on the northern side of Khoba Kaya and leads to a natural grotto formed by sea waves in massive rocks.
• Chaliapin's Grotto is a small concert hall with excellent acoustics. The grotto reaches a height of 30 meters; in its depths there is a stage for musicians, and behind it a small compartment for Golitsin’s wines with preserved stone arches.

Suzdal

• The Kremlin is the oldest part of the city. On the territory there are the Nativity Cathedral, the Bell Tower, St. Nicholas, Assumption Churches, and the Bishop's Chambers. In the 11th century, the Kremlin was surrounded by an earthen rampart lined with clay.
• The Museum of Architecture is located on the site of the 11th century Dmitrievsky Monastery. The museum's collection includes outbuildings and household items of Russian peasants.

• The horse yard is located in an 18th century building in the city center. The exhibition consists of folk crafts - embroidery, carvings, wood painting, clothing.
• The Chernigov monastery is a cave monastery that was founded in 1844. Today it is a functioning complex where you can visit the caves on excursions.
• Sergievo Posad Lavra is the largest monastery, founded by S. Radonezh in 1337. A place revered by Orthodox Christians, a spiritual center with a rich library of ancient books.

• Detinets or the Kremlin was founded by Yaroslavl. First mentioned in 1044 in chronicles. The tallest tower of Detinets Kokuy, built in the 18th century.
• Hagia Sophia is a grandiose building of the century. The cathedral was built by Yaroslav the Wise as a temple for the entire city. Great bishops, princes, and mayors of the city found peace in its galleries.

• The Assumption Cathedral is the most important church in the city, included in all excursions around Vladimir. The cathedral was founded in the 12th century by Andrey Bogolyubsky to later become the main temple of the state.
• The Golden Gate was built in the 12th century. The building has rich decoration and was previously used for ceremonial entrances into the city.
• Vladimir Central is a famous prison built by order of Catherine II. At one time, Frunze, Powers, and Zoya Fedorova were kept there. Since 1996 it has been a museum open to visitors.

• Museum of the Transfiguration Monastery Complex. The architectural ensemble was built in the 12th century and is considered the largest of its kind. In the 16th century, the state treasury was located here; in 1612, the Headquarters of Pozharsky and Minin were located in the monastery.
• The Church of Proka Ilya was founded in the 17th century on the site of wooden churches at the expense of the Skripin merchants. The building is decorated with five green onion domes, covered galleries, a bell tower, and the Robe Limit.

Uglich

• The Kremlin was founded in the 15th century by Andrei the Bolshoi. The structure was surrounded by a high wall with two passages and nine blind defensive towers. Today here you can see the chambers that belonged to Tsarevich Dmitry.
• The Church of Demetrius on the Spilled Blood was erected in 1692 on the site where the prince died. The building is painted red, the domes are blue with white ornaments, and the interior has rich paintings from the 18th century.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

• Goritsky Monastery is a large architectural and historical museum. The exhibition consists of furniture, church utensils, a collection of ancient icons, paintings by Shishkin, Benois, a valuable library of ancient books and a collection of wooden sculptures.
• The Museum "Boat of Peter the Great" is the oldest building. The museum is notable for the fact that Peter the Great built an amusing flotilla here on Lake Pleshcheyevo. Today you can see the monument to the Tsar, the Botny House, the gatehouse, the Triumphal Gate, and the White Palace.

Rostov

• The Borisoglebsky monastery complex was built on a hill surrounded by the bed of the Ustye river in 1363 during the reign of Dmitry Donskoy with the blessing of S. Radonezh. It was he who indicated the place where the temple should stand.
• The Kremlin is the main attraction of the city with the Assumption Cathedral, five temples, and powerful walls. Previously, the Kremlin was the bishop's residence.

Kostroma

• The Ipatiev Monastery is the greatest monument of Orthodox culture, built in the 13th century. At the site of construction, Mikhail Romanov was elected to reign, so it is often called the cradle of the Romanov family.
• The fire tower is a beautiful monument of Russian classicism, located on Susaninskaya Square. The building has the appearance of a temple from ancient times, complemented by a portico of columns and a pediment.

• The Vvedensky monastery complex was founded in the 19th century at the expense of Derbenev according to the original design of Begen P. Patriarch Tikhon served in the temple. In its halls are the relics of Blessed Alexy of Elnatsky, St. Basil of Kineshma and 168 other saints.
• Bubnov Museum. The house was built in 1860 for a merchant family and is located on the site of a city estate. The building has survived to this day and is open for tours.

• Lermontov places are Pyatigorsk Boulevard, Lermontov Baths, Lermontov's House, Elizavetinsky Spring in Pyatigorsk, Mount Ring and other places associated with the life of the poet in the Caucasus.
• The Castle of Cunning and Love is located in Kislovodsk - a natural monument made of rocks, in the outlines of which mournful faces can be discerned. The castle is located near the river gorge. Alikonovka.

• The Wrangel Tower is a grandiose historical structure, the thickness of the walls and ceilings is three meters. In the 20th century, the building ceased to be used as a fortification; today there are warehouses and wholesale stores here.
• The Brandenburg Gate is a beautiful historical monument and the only gate of the city that is still used for its intended purpose today. The building was erected in 1657.
• The Cathedral is a beautiful architectural monument, a symbol of the city. Built in the Baltic Gothic style and is one of the rare examples of the Gothic style in Russia.

• The Buryat village is located in Olkhon. This is a colorful open-air museum, by visiting which you can get acquainted with the life and culture of the Buryats.
• The pillars of Huukhein-Khad are a particularly sacred place located in the Shumak Valley. According to legend, you can see your future here.
• Ivolginsky datsan is an important Buddhist monument. The incorrupt body of Khambo Lama Itigelov, who passed into nirvana in 1927, rests in a beautiful, colorful temple.

• The Valley of Geysers is the largest natural monument discovered in the 20th century. There are 22 geysers and numerous pulsating springs, mud pots, and colored lakes with bubbling water.
• The Klyuchevsky volcano group unites 12 volcanoes located on an area of ​​7 thousand m². The largest and highest volcano on the continent, Klyuchevskaya Sopka, is located here.

Transport component

The transport system of Russia includes aviation, rail, sea and road communications.

Air transport. There are 236 airports in Russia, more than 70 of them have international status. The country's largest airports are Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo and Vnukovo in Moscow, Pulkovo Airport in St. Petersburg, Koltsovo in Yekaterinburg and Adler in Sochi. Moscow airports are connected to the capital by high-speed Aeroexpress trains. Russian air carriers operate domestic and international flights.

Russian railways serve more than 124,000 km of tracks. Large cities have passenger stations, and small towns have railway stations. Long-distance trains run between cities, and commuter electric trains also operate. The Trans-Siberian railway line runs through the entire country, connecting Moscow and Vladivostok. You can view the schedule of long-distance trains and commuter trains and purchase a ticket on the Russian Railways website http://pass.rzd.ru

The total length of Russian highways is 1,000,000 km.

By sea transport Intercity and international passenger transportation is carried out. Marine terminals operate in Sochi, St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Nakhodka.

Navigation is carried out along rivers and canals. The length of river routes is 200,000 km.

Metro available in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk. In each of the above cities, the metro has its own characteristics - for example, the capital has the most developed metro network, and the Novosibirsk metro has only 12 stations.

Ground transport in Russian cities These are buses, trolleybuses, tram lines and minibuses. The most convenient and accessible way to travel around cities is by buses and minibuses. Every relatively large city has bus terminals or bus stations connected by direct flights to regional centers.

Taxi and car rental. There are official and unofficial taxi drivers in Russian cities; it is not recommended to use the services of the latter due to the high risk of being deceived or paying an inflated tariff. Dispatch desks of official taxi companies are usually located in the arrival halls of airports, train stations and bus stations.

If you have a driver's license and at least one year of driving experience, you can rent a car. This service is offered by both large international companies Sixt, AVIS and Europcar, as well as small private companies. In most companies, the rental service with return in another city is limited to a small number of settlements or is not provided at all.

* payment in rubles at the Central Bank rate (+ 2%) on the day of booking

Information on the conclusion and termination of an insurance contract, the scope of insurance obligations, the actions of the parties upon the occurrence of an insured event, the procedure for paying insurance compensation and other necessary information for the insured tourist are specified in the insurance rules.

Recently, there has been a rejuvenation of the age group of people complaining of difficulty breathing and other health conditions, the cause of which is cardiovascular diseases at various stages. Quite often, such diagnoses as coronary heart disease, rheumatic carditis, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, peripheral arterial disease are given to patients who have not yet reached the age of thirty.

The reason lies in many factors, among which are stressful situations and lack of rest, prolonged physical activity or limited physical activity, excessive, unbalanced and irregular nutrition. If you do not carry out timely treatment of the heart and do not get rid of bad habits, it can lead to myocardial infarction, or stroke, damage to the blood vessels of the brain, with all the ensuing consequences.

About the benefits of sanatorium treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Treatment of cardiovascular diseases in sanatoriums is an effective addition to drug treatment. Such sanatoriums offer patients diagnostics, consultation with qualified specialists and a range of therapeutic and health measures.

Specialized cardiological resorts and sanatoriums have always been in demand and popular among all segments of the population. Most health resorts are located in picturesque places with a mild climate, healing sea, mountain or forest air, near mineral springs, which, in combination with a set of procedures, provides a powerful therapeutic and healing effect. Successful modern health and recreational approaches include aero- and heliotherapy, mud baths and thalassotherapy, massage, special exercise equipment and hardware physiotherapy.

Consult with our specialist, he will recommend you a suitable health resort, where heart and vascular diseases will recede to the beneficial effects of procedures, pristine nature and clean air, where you can gain a positive mood and strength for the whole year.

The influence of health resort facilities and additional physiotherapeutic procedures helps to quickly rehabilitate after suffering vascular diseases, stabilize the state of health and prevent exacerbation of cardiovascular pathologies. In addition, sanatoriums for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases are an excellent way to maintain vascular and heart health, relax and gain strength.

Sanatoriums for the treatment of the cardiovascular system are recommended after inpatient therapy, surgery as supportive rehabilitation, and also in the presence of the following chronic pathologies:

• atherosclerosis;
• ischemia;
• hypertension;
• hypotension;
• angina pectoris, etc.

Sanatoriums are recommended for the prevention of stroke and heart attack; at the stage of recovery after illness (if the patient’s condition is stable). In addition, sanatoriums for the prevention of heart disease will benefit people at risk of CVD:

• sedentary work;
• stress;
• poor nutrition;
• smoking;
• excess weight, etc.

Sanatoriums are contraindicated in cases of acute CVD, blood disease or exacerbation of chronic pathology, in a life-threatening condition. Also restrictions on sanatorium treatment are:

• infectious diseases;
• venereal pathologies in a contagious, acute form;
• cachexia;
• oncology;
• psychical deviations;
• drug addiction, alcoholism, epilepsy, etc.

Elderly people should visit sanatoriums with caution and choose health institutions with the most comfortable weather conditions and a gentle treatment program.

Wellness programs in cardiological sanatoriums

An individual approach to a specific patient in sanatoriums. A treatment program is prescribed only after a thorough examination. The cardiologist takes into account the research results, medical history and general condition of the patient. Treatment procedures are performed under the strict supervision of medical staff.

The basis of health-improving and therapeutic methods for the prevention of cardiovascular pathologies are the following physical procedures:

1. Balneotherapy is healing with the help of artificially created or natural mineral waters. It is carried out with the aim of strengthening the entire body, improving blood circulation, stimulating the cardiovascular system, normalizing blood pressure, etc. (baths, inhalations, drinking treatment, bathing, etc.).
2. Mud therapy is a simple and effective natural therapy using local or complex effects of therapeutic mud. It is carried out to eliminate inflammatory processes, accelerate skin regeneration, reduce pain symptoms, etc. (compresses, wraps, electrolysis, baths, masks, etc.).
3. Cryotherapy is treatment using low temperatures. It is carried out for the purpose of general mobilization of the body, activation of the immune system, increased blood flow, reduction of inflammatory processes, etc. (douches, cryosaunas, cryomassages, etc.).
4. Heliotherapy – sun treatment, the use of sunbathing. It is carried out to stimulate the immune system, produce vitamin D, improve metabolic processes, etc.
5. Aerotherapy is the effect of open fresh air on the body. It is carried out with the aim of enriching the body with oxygen, increasing resistance to temperature changes, improving thermoregulation, etc. (air baths, aerophytotherapy, etc.).
6. Massages – through the influence of various techniques, improves blood flow in tissues, eliminates congestion, restores the functionality of various organs and systems, etc.

In addition to these procedures, special attention is paid to nutrition. Often an individual menu is prepared for each patient. Some sanatoriums offer buffet-style meals with an abundance of healthy dishes made from organic products (the menu necessarily includes lenten and dietary dishes). In sanatoriums, they monitor the quality of food, so the proposed diet is balanced in terms of the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, and the caloric content of food is also taken into account.

• If the purpose of the trip is a comfortable holiday for preventive purposes and the desire to receive treatment, then it is better to give preference to sanatoriums that offer a long course of treatment (at least 2 weeks) with a good medical base. Read reviews from patients who have already visited this sanatorium.
• Choose a health resort that is focused on the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
• Choose a sanatorium whose climate is not much different from your usual one. Patients with cardiovascular diseases are quite sensitive to changing weather conditions. This may make you feel worse. To prevent complications of the cardiovascular system, refrain from sudden climate changes (high mountain areas are especially not recommended).
• Give preference to a health complex with a better location. The sanatorium should be located near a forest or park, near a reservoir and away from highways.
• If you are traveling with children, then choose sanatoriums that provide family recreation. Such health complexes and sanatoriums organize/have: children's rooms, play areas, pediatricians and educators, and many others. etc.
• Pay attention to the entertainment facilities of the sanatorium. To make your vacation unforgettable and not let guests get bored during long-term treatment, health facilities offer patients active leisure: billiards, tennis courts, cinema halls, horse riding, a library and much more. etc.

Spa treatment: prevention of heart attacks and strokes

Sanatorium-resort treatment in cardiological sanatoriums:

– reduces the risk of heart attacks by 7 times in people with coronary heart disease 1

– reduces the risk of myocardial infarction and strokes by 5 times in patients suffering from hypertension 2

– with hyperlipedemia, a higher clinical effect is achieved in the early asymptomatic stages of the disease 3

“ WHO states: cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. In the Russian Federation, disorders of the circulatory system, the mortality rate from which is 2 times higher than the European average, occupy first place in the structure of primary disability; in terms of the number of cases and duration of temporary disability they are in third place.

The main resort factors and methods of resort therapy for the prevention and rehabilitation of diseases of the circulatory system: climatotherapy, balneotherapy with carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and radon waters, hydrotherapy, as well as hardware methods of physiotherapy against the background of adequate drug therapy.

Climatic resorts: seaside, mountain, forest

The influence of various climatic factors on cardiac patients, such as sunbathing, sea bathing, and air baths, differs significantly from the adaptation reaction of healthy people. The acclimatization process may be accompanied by a deterioration in well-being: with coronary heart disease, angina attacks may become more frequent or more severe, and in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis, headaches and dizziness may intensify.

The first days of your stay at the mountain resort, with a reduced oxygen content in the air, will require a plains resident to mobilize adaptive mechanisms in order to properly supply the body with oxygen. As a rule, symptoms of mountain sickness do not occur when rising to an altitude of up to 2000 m above sea level, however, in cardiac patients, the adverse effects of mountain climate can also manifest themselves in mid-mountain resorts. In Kislovodsk (altitude 800-1200 m above sea level), in the first days you should not go for a walk along the entire route of the health path, limiting yourself to the central part of the Resort Park (altitude up to 1000 m).

In the hot climate of southern resorts The body loses heat only through sweating. At high temperatures and high air humidity in the conditions of resorts in the humid subtropics (Sochi), evaporation from the body surface is difficult, which leads to disruption of thermoregulation. In cardiac patients and elderly people, an increase in body temperature, increased respiration and pulse, hyperemia of the skin with a relative decrease in blood supply to internal organs, and thickening of the blood may be observed. These phenomena are especially intensified during muscle load. Solar irradiation increases blood clotting properties with possible thrombus formation in blood vessels and the development of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke.

When choosing a resort or sanatorium for diseases of the circulatory system, patients with meteotropic reactions should refrain from traveling to resorts with contrasting climatic conditions, choosing sanatoriums in the climatic zone of residence or southern resorts in the off-season.

The velvet season in the resorts of the South of Russia is preferable due to favorable weather conditions, the possibility of sea swimming and sunbathing, and the abundance of fruits in the diet, which is one of the leading factors in spa treatment for diseases of the circulatory system and metabolic syndrome.

IMPORTANT:limit physical activity inthe first days of stay at the resort, during the acclimatization period

Thalassotherapy has an effect on the cardiovascular system due to a complex of factors: sea water, aerosol of sea water salts, air ions of sea coasts, solar radiation. The totality of physiological changes in the circulatory system in the conditions of seaside resorts indicates an improvement in blood supply and metabolic processes in the myocardium, central hemodynamics, specific vascular resistance and blood pressure are normalized.

When swimming in the sea, the influence of thermal, mechanical and chemical factors should be taken into account. Sea water has a stimulating effect similar to that of sodium chloride baths, especially in patients with low blood pressure. When swimming, blood pressure increases and heart rate increases. When swimming calmly for 5-10 minutes after leaving the sea, cardiac indicators normalize within 5 minutes and often improve compared to the initial state. Bathing is always accompanied by an increased emotional state, so the load is easily tolerated and is not subjectively assessed as excessive, however, it can lead to serious complications from the cardiovascular system. It is necessary to take into account the influence of solar radiation, especially its ultraviolet part, which can penetrate water to a depth of 1 m.

Sea bathing is prescribed on days free from mineral baths, or no earlier than 2 hours after them.

(walking along the intended route) is one of the methods of physical training for diseases of the circulatory system. Alternating tension and relaxation during ascents and descents while walking along a path creates favorable conditions for the functioning of the circulatory, respiratory and nervous system. During walks, a person is simultaneously affected by the climate and the surrounding nature, having a hardening effect and a positive effect on the psycho-emotional sphere, which significantly enhances the healing effect of therapeutic walking along health paths. At mountain climatic resorts, for example, Kislovodsk and Zheleznovodsk, health resort routes are prescribed by a health resort doctor.

Physical activity should be dosed by the length of the route, the angle of ascent, the pace of walking, the number and duration of rest stops, limiting the load in the first days of your stay at the resort.

Hydrotherapy and balneotherapy in a cardiological sanatorium

Hydrotherapy in the form of medicinal baths, has proven itself well in the sanatorium-resort treatment of cardiac patients. Short-term cold and hot showers increase the tone of the vascular system. Contrast procedures, directing blood flow either to the skin or deep into the body, improve microcirculation, normalize blood pressure, increase the contractile function of the myocardium, and stimulate all types of metabolism.

Baths (mineral and fresh with various additives and gas, full and partial) form the basis of hydrotherapy and balneotherapy in cardiology. All baths, fresh and of different mineral composition, have a thermal and hydrostatic effect. In all cardiac patients (hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart defects without circulatory and heart rhythm disturbances), after baths there is a decrease in heart rate, an increase in stroke index, a decrease in blood pressure and specific peripheral vascular resistance. Hydrostatic pressure, which when taking medicinal baths is calculated within 20-30 cm of water column, can impede the work of the heart due to some compression of the peripheral veins and an effect on the abdominal area. Although this pressure is insignificant, it nevertheless has to be taken into account when prescribing baths for patients with cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, for people with heart disease, baths with immersion under water up to the level of the heart are recommended, and in case of circulatory problems, half-baths.

Elderly people and patients with circulatory disorders, in order to avoid vascular collapse, should release the water before leaving the bath.

Contraindications to the use of shared baths are a tendency to dynamic disorders of cerebral and coronary circulation, circulatory failure above stage I B, pronounced phenomena of atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis with chronic coronary insufficiency of the second and third groups, hypertension stage III B, recent myocardial infarction (up to a year) or stroke, severe angina pectoris

The gas and mineral composition of mineral waters determine the principles of differentiated choice of resort for diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Carbon dioxide baths– one of the most effective methods of balneotherapy and resort treatment in general for diseases of the circulatory system. The effect of carbon dioxide baths is explained by the contrast irritation of the skin by bubbles of carbon dioxide (t° 12 ° C) and warm water, which is called a “gas brush”, which is manifested by an intense expansion of skin capillaries, a decrease in internal body temperature and venous blood. The second mechanism of action is chemical, due to carbon dioxide, which enters the body with inhaled air and through the skin. When taking carbon dioxide baths, peripheral vessels dilate, blood circulation in the vessels of the heart increases, the coronary constricting effect at the level of the central nervous system is suppressed, the contractile function of the myocardium improves, the energy supply of the heart and endurance to physical activity increases, oxygen consumption by the heart muscle decreases, the heart rate slows down, and the arterial pressure.

Indications for prescribing carbon dioxide baths for cardiac patients. As a result of complex spa treatment with the use of carbon dioxide baths, attacks of angina disappear or are reduced, a decrease in the sensation of interruptions in the heart at rest and during physical activity, and in case of hypertension, blood pressure decreases. Under the influence of carbon dioxide baths, lipid metabolism increases, the level of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in patients with atherosclerosis decreases, and the breakdown of fats and fat-like substances increases. In case of hyperlipedemia without clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, balneotherapy with carbonic water helps to reduce elevated levels of total cholesterol and reduce body weight.

Contraindications: coronary heart disease, angina pectoris III-IV class, mitral heart defects, hyperthyroidism.

Dry air carbon dioxide baths have the same beneficial properties as water baths, but are easier to tolerate due to the absence of the loading effect of water on the heart and therefore can be used by more severely ill patients, including those who have suffered a myocardial infarction, in the early phase of rehabilitation in urban balneotherapy hospitals or suburban cardiological sanatoriums .

Radon waters have a therapeutic effect due to the alpha radiation of radon. 2.5 hours after the radon procedure, radon is completely eliminated from the body, and after another two hours the daughter products disappear.

Radon baths have a hypotensive effect, normalizing the lipolytic enzymatic system, fibrinolytic activity of the blood, and the permeability of blood capillaries. A decrease in peripheral vascular resistance under the influence of radon baths helps to improve the contractile function of the myocardium. As a result of a course of treatment with radon baths, blood pressure decreases, the number of extrasystoles and episodes of “silent” myocardial ischemia decreases.

Indications for prescribing radon baths for cardiac patients.

Radon baths are used in the treatment of patients suffering from uncomplicated arterial hypertension of the I-II degree, vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypertensive type, especially against the background of neurosis, hyperthyroidism with arterial hypertension, angina pectoris of I-II functional classes, arrhythmias of low grades, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, obliterating endarteritis , postthrombophlebitic syndrome.

Radon baths are contraindicated patients with sick sinus syndrome, bradycardia less than 60 beats per minute, slowing of atrioventricular conduction.

Sulfide (hydrogen sulfide) waters in terms of their influence on the circulatory system, they occupy one of the first places among all resort medicinal factors. Sulfide water, acting through local mechanisms for regulating vascular tone and through vasomotor centers, causes dilation of skin capillaries and arterioles, increases the number of functioning capillaries, accelerates blood flow in them and the reaction of skin redness, known in Russia as the “Matsestin reaction”. A course of balneotherapy in the form of general and two- and four-chamber hydrogen sulfide baths improves the contractile function of the myocardium, improves hemodynamics, helps reduce hypercholesterolemia and increase lipolytic activity of the blood, has a hypotensive effect in patients with hypertension, and tolerance to physical and orthostatic stress.

Hydrogen sulfide baths are shown patients with hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease with a fairly high coronary reserve (very rare and mild attacks of angina), with atherosclerotic lesions of peripheral vessels with concomitant diseases of the musculoskeletal system (osteochondrosis of the spine, inflammatory and metabolic diseases of the joints) and the peripheral nervous system .

Contraindications to the administration of hydrogen sulfide baths to cardiac patients: coronary heart disease, angina pectoris III FC, heart failure stage II, vegetative-vascular dysfunctions, severe cerebral atherosclerosis, toxic-allergic reactions to hydrogen sulfide,

Carbon dioxide-hydrogen sulfide baths(Essentuki, Pyatigorsk) have a beneficial effect on patients with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries of the heart and blood vessels of the brain, due to the cumulative effect of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

Sodium chloride (salt) baths have an effect on the body due to mechanical, thermal and chemical actions. The mechanical action is manifested by a buoyancy force, the greater the degree of mineralization of the baths. The heat flow into the body from sodium chloride waters is 1.5 times higher than from fresh water. Absorbed heat expands the superficial vessels of the skin and increases its blood flow by 1.2 times. The chemical effect of sodium chloride waters is realized due to the salt cloak, which irritates skin receptors and increases the flow of afferent impulses entering the brain. The stimulating effect of sodium chloride baths is especially noticeable in patients with low blood pressure, which increases under the influence of baths. Salt baths have a training effect as a result of a favorable restructuring of central and peripheral hemodynamics. The hypotensive effect when using general sodium chloride baths occurs due to a pronounced effect on peripheral vascular resistance.

Sodium chloride baths help improve blood circulation, microcirculation and tissue trophism, eliminate blood hypercoagulation and normalize immunological processes. During a course of treatment, there is a decrease in blood viscosity, aggregation and adhesive ability of platelets, and an increase in subcutaneous and muscle blood flow (trace effect). Sodium chloride waters have a training and antiarrhythmic effect on patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with extrasystole. At the same time, there is an increase in physical performance and coronary heart reserve; reduction in the number of ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles, manifestations of painful and “silent” myocardial ischemia. An important clinical effect of sodium chloride baths is their ability to normalize vascular tone, especially to increase the tone of peripheral veins.

Sodium chloride baths are indicated patients with atherosclerosis in its very initial stage with moderately expressed asthenic syndrome, stage I-II hypertension, arterial hypotension, autonomic-vascular disorders, peripheral vascular diseases. Resorts with sodium chloride waters can be recommended for cardiac patients with concomitant diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Contraindications:

water have a more gentle effect on the cardiovascular system compared to other balneological procedures. Iodine, as one of the main components of iodine-bromine baths, has a direct effect on microcirculation processes, elastic properties of the vascular wall, rheological properties of blood, and lipid metabolism. Bromine ions enhance inhibition processes in the cerebral cortex and help restore the disturbed ratio of excitation and inhibition processes, which affects the course of diseases of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension). Iodine-bromide waters cause expansion and increase in the number of capillaries, reduce blood viscosity and accelerate blood flow. The lipotropic effect of iodine bromide waters is more pronounced than that of sodium chloride waters, which is manifested by an improvement in the morphofunctional state of the myocardium and a decrease in the morphological signs of atherosclerosis in the vessels. Iodine-bromine baths have a vasodilating, diuretic and hypotensive effect.

A course of use of iodine-bromine baths improves coronary circulation, myocardial contractile function, increases the fibrinolytic activity of the blood suppressed in atherosclerosis, reduces its coagulation properties and the aggregation ability of platelets, which is accompanied by the disappearance of pain in the heart, headaches, insomnia, and an improvement in overall well-being.

Indications and contraindications: general for spa treatment in cardiology (see below)

Oxygen baths and pearl baths enrich the skin with oxygen, stimulate tissue respiration, improve blood circulation, and activate metabolic processes. have a calming effect, reduce increased general excitability, vascular reactivity and blood pressure. They are relatively easily tolerated by patients and are prescribed to those for whom other balneological procedures (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and radon baths) are contraindicated due to the state of the cardiovascular system.

Scented with the addition of aromatic oils have a positive effect on the function of the cardiovascular system, has a beneficial effect on the course of coronary heart disease, since the components of some essential oils dilate coronary vessels, improve oxygen supply to the heart muscle, and can normalize blood pressure levels.

Drinking treatment with mineral waters used to correct lipid metabolism, which is associated with their ability to improve the functional state of the liver, enhance the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and remove bile into the intestines. With mineral water, biologically active elements (iodine, manganese, zinc, etc.) enter the body, the exchange of which is disrupted in atherosclerosis.

Mud therapy used for diseases of peripheral vessels: varicose veins, consequences of thrombophlebitis. Mud enhances peripheral blood circulation, promotes more intense movement of red blood cells, the transfer and release of oxygen, and improves tissue oxygenation and metabolism. Under the influence of mud procedures, coronary circulation improves, myocardial contractility and peripheral resistance change. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the limitations for prescribing therapeutic mud in the form of classical applications. Recently, gentle mud therapy techniques and biologically active preparations of peloids (mud extracts, humisol, etc.) have been increasingly used.

All resort prevention and rehabilitation programs in cardiology are compiled individually, taking into account concomitant and concomitant diseases. When prescribing therapeutic exercises for cardiac patients, the level of physical activity, exercise tolerance (based on fitness testing data), and the climatic conditions of the resort are taken into account.

Indications for spa treatment for diseases of the circulatory system

• Rheumatic heart defects (I05—I08)
• Hypertension (I10—I15)
• Coronary heart disease (I20—I25)
• Peripheral vascular diseases (I70-I87)
• Hypotension (I95)
• Condition after surgical treatment (I97)
• “Neurosis of the heart” or NCD (F 45.3)
• Congenital heart defects (Q20–Q28)
• Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemias (E78)