Visual games for preschool children. Didactic games for children: development of speech, sensory, physical development. Do-it-yourself card index with goals. Classes for middle group children
Didactic games for children - a section where you will find games and gaming aids made by preschool teachers and parents in order to enrich the educational process with methodological developments and ideas. Game aids are educational, developmental and educational in nature. They are aimed at developing a comprehensively developed personality and revealing the potential capabilities of preschool children.
DIY games for children
Includes sections:- DIY books and books. Homemade products, babies, tactile
- Board games. DIY board-printed children's games
- Construction games. Construction from building material, designer
- Card index of games for children: didactic, active, folk, finger, role-playing
- Puzzles. Games and activities with puzzles and cut-out pictures
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All sections | Didactic games
RULES GAMES : In front of the child there are 10 cards, which show shirts of different colors with different numbers of buttons. On a sheet of laminated cardboard there are outlines of shirts of different colors with numbers. The child must find a shirt card...
Didactic game “Garbage sorting, or Help the animals clean up the forest” Target: Remember the concept "ecology", what is it? We continue to instill in children love and respect for nature. We get to know the concepts. "recycling", "garbage sorting", "classification of household waste" We form an environmental culture from childhood We respond to...
Didactic games - The role of didactic games in environmental education of children
Publication “The role of didactic games in environmental education...” Currently, humanity is facing an environmental catastrophe. The reason for the violation of the ecological balance was the consumer attitude of people towards the environment and their environmental illiteracy. The main goal of environmental education for preschoolers is...
Image library "MAAM-pictures"
Sedova Anna Didactic game "Funny Caps" I work with the youngest group. The guys in my group are from 1.5 to 2 years old. they like the games I made and enjoy playing with the lids. They lay out patterns and rejoice at the results. For your attention...
Using the Polydron constructor in the development of logical thinking in children of senior preschool age Master class On the topic: “The use of the “Polydron” constructor in the development of logical thinking in children of senior preschool age” Prepared by: Educator of the MDOU “TsRR - d\c No. 8 “Golden Fish”, Valuiki N.P. Bozhkova. Valuyki 2019 1. Organizational part. Greetings. Good afternoon,...
Didactic games - Didactic games “Elephant with a surprise. Magic bag. Sun with clothespins"
Didactic play is a valuable means of nurturing children’s sensory activity; it helps the child learn how the world around him works and broaden his horizons; the game contributes to the formation of the child’s personality. Non-standard didactic games for sensory development have...
Abstract Didactic game: collect a flower from four seasons" introduces the child to the changes that occur in nature and people's lives at different times of the year. This game is recommended from early preschool age. The game can be used in subgroup and individual...
Didactic game “Create a menu” Goal: expand children’s horizons about healthy and unhealthy foods; introduce vitamins and their importance to human health; to cultivate a nutritional culture among preschoolers; contribute to the establishment of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle....
Didactic games for developing ideas about health and healthy lifestyle in preschoolers Games to develop positive motivation to maintain and improve health [HEALTH IS ONE OF THE MAIN VALUES OF LIFE. A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IS NOT YET THE FIRST PLACE IN THE HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS AND VALUES IN OUR SOCIETY, BUT IF WE TEACH CHILDREN FROM A EARLY EARLY...
This section contains didactic games used in kindergarten. Some game activities are aimed at developing coherent speech, others develop creative thinking and imagination. There are materials for developing a child’s spatial and temporal concepts, others teach how to provide first aid.
There are three types of didactic games.
- Playing with objects or toys. Aimed at developing tactile sensations, the ability to manipulate various objects and toys, developing creative thinking and imagination.
- Word games. For the development of auditory memory, attention, communication abilities, as well as for the development of coherent and dialogical speech, the ability and desire to express one’s thoughts.
- Desktop-printed. Used as a visual aid aimed at developing visual memory and attention.
Mandatory attributes in the gameplay are teaching and educational tasks, clear rules and a precise sequence of actions.
Didactic game is a multifaceted phenomenon, which can be a teaching method, a form of teaching. Made by the hands of teachers, they allow the child to reveal his potential using the body’s analyzers (auditory, visual, tactile) and direct the educational process to achieve positive results.
Preschool educational institutions specialists who practice educational activities often resort to making educational toys with their own hands or together with group pupils from various waste materials. Self-production allows you to diversify the presentation of program material, taking into account the capabilities of the children's contingent.
All types of games can be created or recreated with the hands of teachers, making them colorful and interesting.
The teacher, directing the games of the senior group pupils, takes into account their increased capabilities. At this age, children are characterized by curiosity, observation, and interest in everything new and unusual: solving a riddle themselves, expressing a judgment, finding the correct solution to a problem. Children 5-6 years old do this with great enthusiasm.
As the volume of knowledge expands, the nature of children’s mental activity also changes. New forms of thinking are emerging. The child’s performance of mental work is based on understanding, a process that is based on analysis and synthesis. With the development of thinking, the analysis becomes more and more detailed, and the synthesis more and more generalized and accurate. Children are able to understand the connection between surrounding objects and phenomena, the causes
observed phenomena, their features. The main thing in mental activity is the desire to learn new things: to acquire new knowledge, new ways of mental action.
When selecting games, the main attention is paid to the degree of difficulty of the game rules and actions, so that when performing them, children show efforts of mind and will. When selecting objects and materials for games, the teacher also takes into account changes in the children’s thought processes, so the main signs of differences between objects for games are less noticeable, sometimes hidden behind their external similarity. And vice versa, behind the external differences of objects it is sometimes necessary to discover their similarities.
In children's games, competitive motives occupy an important place; they are given greater independence both in choosing a game and in creatively solving its problems.
During the game itself, the role of the teacher also changes. But here, too, he clearly and emotionally introduces the children to the new game, its content, rules and actions, clarifies their understanding of the players, and participates in the game with them to find out to what extent its rules have been mastered. Then he invites the children to play on their own, while at first he monitors the progress of the game and acts as an arbiter in conflict situations.
However, not all games require such active participation of the teacher. Sometimes he may limit himself to only explaining the rules of the game before it starts. Children in the older group can act independently without the participation of a teacher. This applies in particular to many board-print games.
In the games of older children, the rules become more complex and there are more of them in number. Therefore, before offering children a game, the teacher must himself thoroughly understand these rules and the sequence of game actions.
How to finish the game? (This is important so that children want to play it again.) Drawing forfeits, honoring the winners, announcing a new version of the game that will happen next time.
It is very important for the teacher himself to analyze the game: whether it was well chosen, whether the children have the necessary knowledge, ideas, and skills to play it, whether everything was provided for in the organization of the situation and, most importantly, whether all the children were active enough in the game, what moral qualities were manifested and what social and moral qualities have been formed; for example, joy not only from one’s successes, but also from the successful actions of comrades, the ability to subordinate one’s behavior to the rules of the game, the desire to communicate with peers.
At the end of the game, the teacher will definitely evaluate both the children’s correct solutions to game problems and their moral actions and behavior, celebrate successes, and support those who have not yet succeeded.
Organizing didactic games for children of the older group requires, therefore, a lot of thoughtful work from the teacher and in the process of preparing for their implementation: enriching children with relevant knowledge, selecting material, and sometimes making it together with the children, organizing the environment for the game (where they will sit and children move, where they will hide objects, where to put materials for games), and in the process of playing the game itself, where you need to clearly define your role from beginning to end.
When selecting material for games for older children, the teacher provides for its use in creative, sports play. For example, in the game “Shop” they sell not just toys, but sports equipment: rackets, balls, jump ropes, shuttlecocks, referee’s whistle, net, etc. Having “purchased” such items, the children take them with them for a walk and organize sports entertainment there.
Children in their sixth year of life are preparing for school. Their successful learning depends on how they are prepared for school. Therefore, when conducting didactic games, the teacher pays special attention to the clear, mandatory observance by children of the rules of the game and behavior during play activities: organization, discipline, friendliness, respect for playmates and elders. All these qualities are extremely necessary for a future student.
Six-year-old children are the oldest in kindergarten, so they must be active, they must have a desire to help the younger ones, make an entertaining game for them, play with them, teach them how to play interestingly. The teacher takes all this into account when organizing games for his students.
Games with objects
Make no mistake!
Didactic task. Exercise children in distinguishing objects by material; consolidate knowledge about such properties of objects as hard, soft, dense, rough, smooth, shiny, matte.
Game rules. Collect objects of the same quality in a basket, talk about the properties of the objects.
Game actions. The search for objects is carried out by the links, they compete: whoever finds the most objects of the same material wins. The search begins and ends at the leader's signal.
Progress of the game. The game begins with a short conversation between the teacher and the children about the objects that surround them in the group room.
During the conversation, the teacher clarifies the children’s knowledge that there are many objects in the group room and they are all made of some kind of material.
- Now look at this toy! (Shows a nesting doll.) What do you think it’s made of? (Children answer.) Yes, it is made of wood. But what is this item made of? (Shows scissors. Children answer.) This object, you correctly said, is made of metal.
Come, Vika, to the table, pick up a matryoshka doll and scissors and tell me which is colder: scissors or a matryoshka doll. Vika was right when she said that scissors are colder. Metal is cold, and wood is warmer.
Now tell me, what is this ball made of? (Shows a plastic ball. Children answer.) Yes, it is made of plastic. Look how he bounces! How can we talk about this property of plastic? (It is elastic. The ball jumps.) But what is this bubble made of? That's right, it's made of glass. What can you say about the properties of glass?
The teacher leads the children to the answer: it is fragile and breaks easily. Therefore, you must always be very careful with objects made of glass.
- Now, guys, we will play the game “Make no mistake!” We will have four links. Let's choose the link ones with a counting counter. We will give each member of the team a basket: on this basket there is a ball glued. (Shows a basket with a ball.) Here you will need to find and put all the objects made... What are they made of?
“Made of plastic,” the children answer.
- And on this basket there is a picture with scissors. This is where we will collect all the items...
- Metal.
- And in this basket (with a matryoshka doll pasted on it) we will put objects...
- Wooden.
— We’ll put all the items in this basket...
- Glass.
- Start the search and end only at the signal: strike the tambourine. Whoever collects the most items wins.
Using a counting machine, four members are selected. They take baskets and, together with the members of their team (there should be an equal number of them), after the sound of the tambourine, they go to collect objects. After the second hit of the tambourine, everyone comes up to the teacher’s table, takes turns laying out the objects, counting them, checking to see if any mistakes have been made, and talking about the properties of the objects.
At the end the winning link is announced. The winners are greeted with applause.
The game can be varied using objects made from other materials: cardboard, fabric, rubber, etc.
Whoever comes up, let him take it!
Didactic task. Teach children to talk about an object, highlighting its most characteristic features: color, shape, quality and its purpose; by description, find an object in a room or on an area (if the game is played on an area), recognize tools, machines, who uses them at work; develop attention, memory, thinking and speech.
Game rules. According to the description of the object, find it in the room or area, name it correctly. Whoever makes a mistake and brings an item that is not the one described, pays a forfeit, which is redeemed at the end of the game.
Game actions. Riddles, guessing, searching for objects.
Progress of the game. The teacher reminds the children that they recently had a conversation in class about how different objects, tools, and machines help people in their work. Speaks:
— Today we will play this game: in our group we have a lot of instruments and machines (toys). You will choose one of them and tell us so that we know what tool or machine you are talking about. But you cannot name the object. We have to figure it out ourselves. Whoever guesses first will find this item and bring it here to the table.
— I wished for an item that the tailor needed. It's metal. You can also make a riddle: “Two ends, two rings, and a carnation in the middle.” These are scissors,” says Vova.
- Go, Vova, bring and put the scissors on the table.
“Guess what it is,” the next participant continues the game. - A car, wheels like a tank. He knows how to do everything: he plows, he sows, and he carries loads. Works on a collective farm.
The one who guessed (“This is a tractor!”) comes up first and finds a tractor among the toys and also puts it on the table.
The game continues until many different tools and machines are on the teacher’s table. The game ends with winning back the forfeits of those who made a mistake and brought the wrong item.
Didactic task. Teach children to compare objects, notice signs of similarity in color, shape, size, material; develop observation, thinking, speech.
Game rules. Find two objects in the environment and be able to prove their similarity. The one to whom the arrow points answers.
Game action. Search for similar items.
Progress of the game. Various items are prepared in advance and discreetly placed in the room.
The teacher reminds the children that they are surrounded by many objects, different and identical, similar and completely different.
— Today we will find objects that are similar to each other. They can be similar in color, shape, size, material. Listen to the rules of the game. You need to walk around the room, select two similar objects and sit down. The one to whom the arrow points will tell you why he took these two objects and what their similarities are.
Most often, children find similar objects by color and size. Hidden quality is difficult for them to detect. This game helps children solve a problem. For example, taking a teaspoon and a dump truck, the child explains his choice by saying that they are similar because they are made of metal. At first, this combination of objects makes children laugh.
— How are a spoon and a dump truck similar? - the children are perplexed and laugh. - Of course, they are not alike.
But the child who called them similar proves the correctness of his selection.
While playing, children learn to find signs of similarity between objects, which is much more difficult than noticing signs of their differences.
Do you know?
Didactic task. To consolidate children’s knowledge about sports, to awaken a desire to engage in them; cultivate interest in athletes and pride in their victories.
Game rule. When selecting the items needed for a given sport, name the sport and items correctly.
Game action. Select pictures depicting different sports (see figure).
Progress of the game. The teacher examines with the children large pictures that depict sports scenes: games of football, hockey, volleyball, rhythmic gymnastics, rowing, etc.; talks with children, clarifies their knowledge. After handing out pictures to the children, the teacher invites them to select the necessary items for each athlete. He draws the children's attention to objects that lie on the carpet: a hoop, a ribbon, a soccer ball, a stick, a puck, a racket, a shuttlecock, a boat, oars, etc. The children name them.
- Now listen to the rules of the game. At the signal (whistle), you will find and put to the picture where one sport is drawn, those items that these athletes need. Be careful!
Gives a signal. After all the objects are placed with the corresponding pictures, the children check to see if there is a mistake.
The game consolidates knowledge about sports, sports equipment, and also cultivates interest in sports. You can end the game with a conversation about Soviet athletes - competition champions, looking at paintings and photographs on sports topics.
Then the teacher offers the items that were used in the game to take with them for a walk and play sports games on their own.
Whose clothes?
Didactic task. To foster in children an interest in people of different professions; clarify knowledge about work clothes; teach to distinguish people of different professions by their work clothes: postman, miner, builder, doctor, diver, pilot, electric welder, etc.
Game rules. Determine the profession based on work clothes, find the right picture and show it to the children. For the correct answer, the player receives a chip.
Game action. Dressing dolls in work clothes.
Progress of the game. Before starting the game, the teacher clarifies the children’s knowledge about work clothes, finds out whether they have noticed that people work in special clothes and that by their clothes you can find out who they work with. Shows pictures:
- Look, children (in the picture there is a civil aeroflot pilot), can you tell by their clothes who is shown in the picture? Yes. This is a pilot. How did you guess?
Children talk about the cap, suit, shoulder straps. Then the teacher reads poems from L. Kuklin’s book “Who’s Dressed How.”
The worker works quickly and deftly.
The work uniform is called overalls.
Each job has its own clothes -
My book will tell you about this.
Miner
On a work shift
The miner will go to the mine.
Miners wear helmets -
Safety helmets.
He will go underground
By high-speed elevator.
Canvas robe
Puffs up on him.
Both blast furnaces and factories
Delivered on time
Miner's spoils -
Choice coal!
Electric welder
Have you seen how he controls fire?
He is wearing an iron mask.
Here's a house being built - look in the morning:
He sits in the wind in a quilted jacket.
He welded the supports of mighty bridges,
He made ships from huge sheets...
He can weld iron with iron!
He is a good wizard, what can I say!
The teacher shows pictures showing clothing models of people of different professions, and the children recognize: miner, builder, doctor, postman, diver, pilot, electric welder, etc.
Then the teacher offers to dress the dolls in clothes previously sewn and prepared for this game. All dolls are then used in independent creative games. The teacher advises the children how to play with them (depending on the impressions received and knowledge about different professions).
Tops and roots
Didactic task. To consolidate the knowledge that vegetables have edible roots - roots and fruits - tops, some vegetables have both tops and roots edible; practice assembling a whole plant from its parts.
Game rules. You can look for your top or spine only when given a signal. You can’t pair up with the same player all the time; you have to look for another pair.
Game actions. Search for a pair; composition of a whole plant.
Progress of the game. Option 1. After harvesting the crops in his garden, the teacher gathers the children, shows them what a good harvest they have grown, and praises them for their useful work. Then he clarifies the children’s knowledge that some plants have edible roots - roots, others have fruits - tops, and some plants have both tops and roots edible. The teacher explains the rules of the game:
- Today we will play a game called “Tops and Roots.” On our table are the tops and roots of plants—vegetables. We will now divide into two groups: one group will be called tops, and the other will be called roots. (Children are divided into two groups.)
There are vegetables on the table here; The children of the first group take the top in their hands, and the children of the second group take the spine. So, did you take everything? And now, at the signal (clap your hands), you will all scatter around the area and run in all directions. When you hear the signal “One, two, three - find your pair!”, quickly find a pair for yourself: the spine to your top.
The game is repeated, but you have to look for another top (or spine). You can't be paired with the same player all the time.
Option 2. The tops (or roots) stand still. Only one subgroup of guys is running around the site. The teacher gives the command: “Roots, find your tops!” Children should stand so that the tops and roots form one whole.
The correctness of the task can be checked by the “magic gate” (the teacher and one of the children), through which all pairs pass. To ensure that interest in the game does not fade, you can offer to exchange tops and roots. In the older group, for this game you should take vegetables with subtle differences in the tops, for example, parsley and carrots, turnips and radishes. You can put sprigs of dill and let the children look for their roots. If the player does not find it, it means that the dill roots are inedible, which means he is left without a pair.
Printed board games for children 5-6 years old
Who built this house?
Didactic task. Systematize children's knowledge about who builds houses, about the sequence in building a house, about tools and machines that help people in construction; to cultivate respect for the profession of builders, the desire to take on the roles of builders in creative games.
Game rules. Match small cards to match the designs on large cards. Whoever covers all the cells on the map first gets a chip. Exchange of cards. Whoever gets the most chips is declared the winner of the game.
Game actions. Search for cards. Competition.
Progress of the game. The teacher, together with the children, examines large maps on which architects, builders, and finishers are drawn. A short conversation is held about the content of the pictures, about the stages in building a house, about people, machines, and tools used at the construction site. The teacher shows small pictures that show the details of a large map. Then he invites the children to take one large card each and, at a signal (knocks the cube on the table), select the necessary cars and cover the cells on the cards with them. Whoever is the first to find the right cards without making a mistake and names all the mechanisms correctly wins.
The game can be continued, then the children exchange cards or the composition of the players changes.
You can end the game by talking with the children about caring for your home, the green spaces near it, that is, everything that was created by people’s labor.
A game on the theme “Transport” is played on the same principle. It systematizes and deepens children's knowledge of what means of transportation people use on land, on water, and in the air.
Large cards depicting the earth, sky, and sea are prepared for the game. For them, children select small cards with different types of transport: for example, for a large card where the earth is drawn, they select pictures such as a bus, trolleybus, bicycle, tram, train, metro, etc.
As in the first game, here the number of pictures should be the same. The winner is the one who quickly and correctly covers all the empty cells on large cards.
Guests of Moscow
Didactic task. To clarify and consolidate children’s knowledge about the capital of our Motherland - Moscow (see figure), to cultivate a love for the main city of our country, a desire to learn more about its attractions.
Game rules. Describe a picture with views of Moscow, guess a part of the city from the description, find the same picture.
Game actions. Selection of guides, imitation of tourists traveling by car around Moscow.
Progress of the game. The teacher tells the children about how many guests come to Moscow from other cities, union republics and other countries. Everyone wants to see our beautiful city and its attractions.
— Today we’ll play guides. A guide is a person who accompanies guests, shows them, tells them interestingly about what they will see. I have a car in my hands (a toy Volga). This is what you will use to transport guests. Each guide will show only one place, and another guide will take guests to another. Look, I have a cube in my hands. There are numbers on it: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. And on the playing field, the pictures also have their own number. If the cube falls so that the number 3 is on top, then you will need to take the guests to this place, in the picture you will see the number 3. You need to drive along the street in a car as indicated by the arrows. Having stopped, you need to tell what kind of building or place it is in Moscow, what the guests could see there. And everyone else listens carefully. Whoever guessed this place first finds the same picture on his desk and shows it. If the answer is correct, it becomes a guide; He also uses the cube to determine where to take the guests, what to show, what to tell.
For this game, you need to have two sets of identical pictures (postcards), from which species, places, and structures familiar to children are selected.
At the end of the game, the teacher thanks the guides for their good work and expresses confidence that the guests of the capital were satisfied with their excursion.
Complication of the game is possible by enlarging the pictures on the playing field.
This game can be played to consolidate knowledge not only about Moscow, but also about your hometown or village. The teacher uses sets of postcards about many cities. If there are two sets of postcards about his city, he will be able to successfully conduct a travel game with children around his hometown, village, or state farm. It is only necessary to select scenes from sets of pictures that reflect the sights of their hometown familiar to children.
Collect a picture
Didactic task. Exercise children in composing a whole picture from individual parts; through the content of the pictures, consolidate children’s knowledge about different types of work on the collective farm; cultivate interest in grain growers, vegetable growers, and livestock breeders.
Game rule. Within a certain time, correctly assemble a whole picture from parts.
Game actions. Search, folding parts of the picture.
Progress of the game. The teacher, together with the children, looks at pictures depicting different types of agricultural work (for example, sowing, harvesting bread, planting seedlings, collecting vegetables, making hay, caring for calves, etc.). Explaining the rules of the game, the teacher recalls the already known rule of how to put together a whole picture from individual parts.
“But now we have one more rule: you have to fold it quickly.” Start putting together a picture and finish at the signal: hit the table with the cube,” the teacher clarifies the rules of the game.
Having distributed the pictures according to the number of players, the teacher says: “Let’s start!” and hits the table with the cube. Children select the necessary parts of their picture from a box on the table. Whoever put the picture together first gets a chip. Then you can exchange pictures and repeat the game. The teacher draws attention to those who cannot yet quickly follow the rules of the game, encourages them, asks those who quickly put together a picture to help a friend.
For this game you need to have two sets of pictures: one consists of whole pictures, the other of their parts (at least 9 - 12).
Zoological domino
Didactic task. Strengthen children's knowledge about wild and domestic animals; cultivate intelligence and attention.
Game rule. Whoever puts down all his cards first is considered the winner.
Game actions. Be careful, don’t miss a move, put your card down on time.
Progress of the game. The cards depict wild and domestic animals. Four people play. The cards are laid out face down. Children are asked to count out 6 cards. Then the teacher reminds the rules of the game: you can only put the same picture next to each other. If the required picture is not available, the child skips a turn. If one of the players is left without cards, he is considered to have won the game. The game is repeated, but at the same time you need to mix the cards and take others.
The “Botanical Lotto” game is played on the same principle, during which children’s knowledge about plants is acquired and systematized.
Traveling around the city
Didactic task. Consolidating knowledge about your hometown: who lives and works in it, what kind of transport it is, how it is decorated.
Game rule. Select only those pictures that correspond to the task for your group: people, transport, labor, city decoration.
Game actions. Search for pictures. Actions on a signal.
Progress of the game. The teacher selects different pictures in advance: some depict city residents (schoolchildren, mother with children, grandmother with a basket, students, etc.); on others - the labor of people (builders, postman, drivers, painters, etc.); transport (tram, bus, trolleybus, bicycle, motorcycle); buildings and decorations of the city (post office, shop - crockery, bookstore, grocery store, fountain, square, sculpture).
Pictures are laid out on tables in different places in the group room.
Using a counting rhyme, children are divided into four groups of two or three people. Each group is given a task: one - to see who lives in the city and collect pictures of people; the other is what people drive, collect pictures of vehicles; the third - pictures in which the various work of people is reproduced; fourth - consider and select pictures with drawings of beautiful buildings of the city, its decorations.
At the driver’s signal, travelers walk around the room and select the pictures they need, the rest wait for their return and watch them.
Having returned to their seats, travelers place pictures on the stand (each group separately from the other). Participants in each group tell why they took these particular pictures and what they depict. The group whose players made no mistakes and quickly placed their pictures wins. The game is repeated, and some pictures need to be replaced.
What grows where?
Didactic task. Strengthen children's knowledge about plants; develop the ability to establish spatial connections between objects; group plants according to their place of growth, develop activity and independent thinking.
Game rule. Compete to see who is the fastest to select and cover empty cells with pictures of plants on large maps that depict a forest, field, garden, or vegetable garden.
Game actions. Children, competing, select pictures and cover empty spaces.
Progress of the game. Players receive a large map with different landscapes; small cards are in a box. At the driver’s signal, the children select small cards in accordance with the picture on the large card. The winner is the one who quickly closed all the empty cells and named the plants correctly.
In this game, the names of cereals and mushrooms cause difficulty, so children are introduced to them in advance during classes and excursions. The guys exchange cards, the small cards are shuffled, and the game continues.
To ensure that interest in the game does not fade away, cards with new plant species are introduced into it.
Salybaeva Angela Ramazanovna,
teacher,
MBDOU TsRR d/s "Tanyusha"
Surgut district, Fedorovsky village
The leading activity of preschool children is play. A didactic game is a verbose, complex, pedagogical phenomenon: it is both a gaming method of teaching preschool children, and a form of teaching children, and With independent play activity, and a means of comprehensive education of the child.
Didactic games promote:
- development of cognitive and mental abilities: obtaining new knowledge, generalizing and consolidating it, expanding their existing ideas about objects and natural phenomena, plants, animals; development of memory, attention, observation; developing the ability to express one’s judgments and draw conclusions.
- development of children's speech: replenishment and activation of vocabulary.
- social and moral development of a preschool child: in such a game, knowledge of the relationships between children, adults, objects of living and inanimate nature occurs, in it the child shows a sensitive attitude towards peers, learns to be fair, to give in if necessary, learns to sympathize, etc.
The structure of the didactic game form basic and additional components. TO main components include: didactic task, game actions, game rules, result and didactic material. TO additional components: plot and role.
Conducting didactic games includes: 1. Familiarize children with the content of the game, use didactic material in it (showing objects, pictures, a short conversation, during which the children’s knowledge and ideas are clarified). 2.Explanation of the course and rules of the game, while strictly following these rules. 3. Showing game actions. 4. Defining the role of an adult in the game, his participation as a player, fan or referee (the teacher directs the actions of the players with advice, questions, reminders). 5. Summing up the game is a crucial moment in its management. Based on the results of the game, one can judge its effectiveness and whether it will be used by children in independent play activities. Analysis of the game allows us to identify individual abilities in the behavior and character of children. This means properly organizing individual work with them.
Education in the form of a didactic game is based on the child’s desire to enter an imaginary situation and act according to its laws, that is, it corresponds to the age characteristics of a preschooler.
Types of didactic games:
1. Games with objects (toys).
2. Printed board games.
3.Word games.
Didactic games – differ in educational content, cognitive activity of children, game actions and rules, organization and relationships of children, and the role of the teacher.
Games with objects
- are based on the direct perception of children, correspond to the child’s desire to act with objects and thus get acquainted with them.
IN
In games with objects, children learn to compare, establish similarities and differences between objects. The value of these games is that with their help children become familiar with the properties of objects, size, and color. When introducing children to nature in such games, I use natural materials (plant seeds, leaves, pebbles, various flowers, pine cones, twigs, vegetables, fruits, etc. - which arouses keen interest and an active desire in children to play. Examples of such games: “Don’t make a mistake”, “Describe this object”, “What is it?”, “What comes first, what comes next”, etc.
Board - printed games
-This An interesting activity for children to get acquainted with the surrounding world, the world of animals and plants, phenomena of living and inanimate nature. They are varied in type: “lotto”, “dominoes”, paired pictures.” With the help of board and printed games, you can successfully develop speech skills, mathematical abilities, logic, attention, learn to model life patterns and make decisions, and develop self-control skills.
Word games is an effective method of nurturing independent thinking and speech development in children. They built on the words and actions of the players, children independently solve various mental problems: they describe objects, highlighting their characteristic features, guess them from the description, find similarities and differences between these objects and natural phenomena.
IN In the process of games, children clarify, consolidate, and expand their ideas about natural objects and its seasonal changes.
Didactic games - travel - are one of the effective ways to enhance the cognitive activity of children.
Didactic game in experimental activities - contributes to the formation of children's cognitive interest in the environment, develops basic mental processes, observation, and thinking.
The joint activities of parents and teachers - individual counseling of parents, information stands, moving folders, thematic exhibitions with the proposed material - gives a more effective result in working with children.
To develop children’s knowledge about the world around them, systematize them, and cultivate a humane attitude towards nature, I use the following didactic games:
Material used:
Games with objects
"What it is?"
Goal: to clarify children’s ideas about inanimate objects.
Material: natural - sand, stones, earth, water, snow.
Progress of the game. Children are offered pictures and, depending on what is drawn on it, they need to arrange the natural material accordingly and answer what is it? And what is it? (Big, heavy, light, small, dry, wet, loose). What can you do with it?
“Who eats what?”
Target. Strengthen children's ideas about animal food.
Progress of the game. Children take out from the bag: carrots, cabbage, raspberries, cones, grain, oats, etc. They name it and remember what animal eats this food.
"Children on a Branch"
Target .
To consolidate children's knowledge about the leaves and fruits of trees and shrubs, to teach them to select them according to their belonging to the same plant.
Progress of the game. Children look at the leaves of trees and shrubs and name them. At the teacher’s suggestion: “Children, find your branches” - the children select the corresponding fruit for each leaf. This game can be played with dried leaves and fruits throughout the year. The children themselves can prepare the material for the game.
“Find what I’ll show you”
Didactic task. Find an item by similarity.
Equipment. Place identical sets of vegetables and fruits on two trays. Cover one (for the teacher) with a napkin.
Progress of the game. The teacher briefly shows one of the objects hidden under the napkin and removes it again, then asks the children: “Find the same one on another tray and remember what it’s called.” Children take turns completing the task until all the fruits and vegetables hidden under the napkin are named.
“What first - what then?”
Target. To consolidate children's knowledge about the development and growth of animals.
Progress of the game. Children are presented with objects: an egg, a chicken, a model of a chicken; kitten, cat; puppy, dog. Children need to place these items in the correct order.
Printed board games
"It is when?"
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena in nature.
Progress of the game. Each of the children has object pictures depicting snowfall, rain, a sunny day, cloudy weather, hail is falling, the wind is blowing, icicles are hanging, etc. and story pictures with images of different seasons. Children need to correctly arrange the pictures they have.
"Magic Train"
Target. To consolidate and systematize children’s ideas about trees and shrubs.
Material. Two trains cut out of cardboard (each train has 4 cars with 5 windows); two sets of cards with pictures of plants.
Progress of the game: On the table in front of the children there is a “train” and cards with pictures of animals. Educator. In front of you is a train and passengers. They need to be placed in the carriages (in the first - bushes, in the second - flowers, etc.) so that one passenger is visible in each window. The first one to place the animals correctly in the carriages will be the winner.
Similarly, this game can be played to consolidate ideas about various groups of plants (forests, gardens, meadows, vegetable gardens).
"Four Pictures"
Target. Strengthen children's ideas about the surrounding nature, develop attention and observation.
Progress of the game. The game consists of 24 pictures depicting birds, butterflies, and animals. The presenter shuffles the cards and distributes them equally to the game participants (from 3 to 6 people). Each player must pick up 4 cards that are identical in content. The player who begins the game, having examined his cards, passes one of them to the person sitting on the left. If he needs a card, he keeps it for himself, and any unnecessary one also passes on to the neighbor on the left, etc. Having picked up the cards, each player places them face down in front of them. When all possible sets have been selected, the game ends. Participants in the game turn over the collected cards and lay them out four at a time so that everyone can see them. The one with the most correctly selected cards wins.
Word games
“When does this happen?”
Target. Clarify and deepen children's knowledge about the seasons.
Progress of the game.
The teacher reads alternately short texts in poetry or prose about the seasons, and the children guess.
“Find something to tell me about”
Didactic task. Find objects using the listed characteristics.
Equipment. Vegetables and fruits are laid out along the edge of the table so that the distinctive features of the objects are clearly visible to all children.
Progress of the game. The teacher describes in detail one of the objects lying on the table, that is, names the shape of vegetables and fruits, their color and taste. Then the teacher asks one of the children: “Show it on the table, and then name what I told you about.” If the child has completed the task, the teacher describes another object, and another child completes the task. The game continues until all children guess the item from the description.
“Guess who it is?”
Target. Strengthen children's understanding of the characteristic features of wild and domestic animals.
Progress of the game. The teacher describes the animal (its appearance, habits, habitat...) the children must guess who they are talking about.
“When does this happen?”
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena.
Progress of the game. Children are offered leaves of different plants with different colors, cones, a herbarium of flowering plants, etc. depending on the time of year. Children need to name the time of year when there are such leaves, branches, flowers.
Outdoor games
“What do we take in the basket?”
Goal: to consolidate in children the knowledge of what crops are harvested in the field, in the garden, in the garden, in the forest.
Learn to distinguish fruits based on where they are grown.
To form an idea of the role of people in conservation of nature.
Materials: Medallions with images of vegetables, fruits, cereals, melons, mushrooms, berries, as well as baskets.
Progress of the game. Some children have medallions depicting various gifts of nature. Others have medallions in the form of baskets.
Children - fruits, disperse around the room to cheerful music, with movements and facial expressions they depict a clumsy watermelon, tender strawberries, a mushroom hiding in the grass, etc.
Children - baskets must pick up fruits in both hands. Necessary condition: each child must bring fruits that grow in one place (vegetables from the garden, etc.). The one who fulfills this condition wins.
Tops - roots
Did. task: teach children to make a whole from parts.
Materials: two hoops, pictures of vegetables.
Game progress: option 1. Take two hoops: red, blue. Place them so that the hoops intersect. In the red hoop you need to put vegetables whose roots are used for food, and in the blue hoop you need to put those whose tops are used.
The child comes to the table, chooses a vegetable, shows it to the children and puts it in the right circle, explaining why he put the vegetable there. (in the area where the hoops intersect there should be vegetables whose tops and roots are used: onions, parsley, etc.
Option 2. On the table are the tops and roots of plants - vegetables. Children are divided into two groups: tops and roots. Children of the first group take the tops, the second - the roots. At the signal, everyone runs in all directions. On the signal “One, two, three – find your pair!”, you need
Ball game "Air, earth, water"
Did. task: to consolidate children's knowledge about natural objects. Develop auditory attention, thinking, and intelligence.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: Option 1. The teacher throws the ball to the child and names an object of nature, for example, “magpie.” The child must answer “air” and throw the ball back. To the word “dolphin” the child responds “water”, to the word “wolf” - “earth”, etc.
Option2. The teacher calls the word “air”; the child who catches the ball must name the bird. For the word “earth” - an animal that lives on the earth; for the word “water” - the inhabitant of rivers, seas, lakes and oceans.
Nature and man.
Did. task: to consolidate and systematize children’s knowledge about what is created by man and what nature gives to man.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: the teacher conducts a conversation with the children, during which he clarifies their knowledge that the objects around us are either made by human hands or exist in nature, and people use them; for example, forests, coal, oil, gas exist in nature, but houses and factories are created by humans.
"What is made by man"? asks the teacher and throws the ball.
“What is created by nature”? asks the teacher and throws the ball.
Children catch the ball and answer the question. Those who cannot remember miss their turn.
Choose what you need.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about nature. Develop thinking and cognitive activity.
Materials: subject pictures.
Progress of the game: object pictures are scattered on the table. The teacher names some property or sign, and the children must choose as many objects as possible that have this property.
For example: “green” - these can be pictures of a leaf, cucumber, cabbage, grasshopper. Or: “wet” - water, dew, cloud, fog, frost, etc.
Where are the snowflakes?
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the various states of water. Develop memory and cognitive activity.
Materials: cards depicting different states of water: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
Game progress: option 1 .
Children dance in a circle around cards laid out in a circle. The cards depict different states of water: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
While moving in a circle, the following words are said:
So summer has come. The sun shone brighter.
It's getting hotter, where should we look for a snowflake?
With the last word everyone stops. Those in front of whom the required pictures are located must raise them and explain their choice. The movement continues with the words:
Finally, winter has come: Cold, blizzard, cold.
Go out for a walk. Where should we look for a snowflake?
The desired pictures are selected again and the choice is explained.
Option 2 .
There are 4 hoops depicting the four seasons. Children must distribute their cards to the hoops, explaining their choice. Some cards may correspond to several seasons.
The conclusion is drawn from the answers to the questions:
- At what time of year can water in nature be in a solid state? (Winter, early spring, late autumn).
The birds have arrived.
Did. task: to clarify the idea of birds.
Progress of the game: the teacher names only the birds, but if he suddenly makes a mistake, then the children must stomp or clap. For example. Birds arrived: pigeons, tits, flies and swifts.
Children stomp – What’s wrong? (flies)
- Who are these flies? (insects)
- Birds arrived: pigeons, tits, storks, crows, jackdaws, macaroni.
The children are stomping. - birds arrived: pigeons, martens...
The children are stomping. Game continues.
Birds have arrived: Tit pigeons,
Jackdaws and swifts, Lapwings, swifts,
Storks, cuckoos, even scops owls,
Swans, starlings. Well done to all of you.
Result: the teacher, together with the children, identifies migratory and wintering birds.
When does this happen?
Did. task: to teach children to distinguish the signs of the seasons. With the help of poetic words, show the beauty of different seasons, the diversity of seasonal phenomena and people's activities.
Materials: for each child, pictures with landscapes of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Progress of the game: the teacher reads a poem, and the children show a picture depicting the season mentioned in the poem.
Spring. In the clearing, blades of grass appear near the path.
A stream runs from a hillock, and there is snow under the tree.
Summer. And light and wide
Our quiet river. Let's run to swim and splash with the fish...
Autumn. The grass in the meadows withers and turns yellow,
The winter crops are just turning green in the fields. A cloud covers the sky, the sun does not shine,
The wind is howling in the field, the rain is drizzling.
Winter. Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets, Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black, And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.
Did. task: to clarify children’s knowledge about the flowering time of individual plants (for example, daffodil, tulip - in spring); golden ball, asters - in autumn, etc.; teach them to classify on this basis, develop their memory and intelligence.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: children stand in a circle. The teacher or child throws the ball, naming the time of year when the plant grows: spring, summer, autumn. The child names the plant.
What is made of what?
Did. task: to teach children to identify the material from which an object is made.
Materials: wooden cube, aluminum bowl, glass jar, metal bell, key, etc.
Progress of the game: children take different objects out of the bag and name them, indicating what each object is made of.
Guess what.
Did. task: to develop children’s ability to solve riddles, to correlate a verbal image with the image in the picture; clarify children's knowledge about berries.
Materials: pictures for each child with images of berries. Book of riddles.
Progress of the game: on the table in front of each child there are pictures of the answer. The teacher makes a riddle, the children look for and pick up the answer picture.
Edible - inedible.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about edible and inedible mushrooms.
Materials: basket, object pictures with images of edible and inedible mushrooms.
Progress of the game: on the table in front of each child there are pictures of the answer. The teacher makes a riddle about mushrooms, the children look for and put a picture of the answer to an edible mushroom in baskets.
Place the planets correctly.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the main planets.
Materials: belt with sewn rays - ribbons of different lengths (9 pieces). Caps with images of planets.
It's so hot on this planet
That it’s dangerous to be there, friends.
What is our hottest planet, and where is it located? (Mercury because it is closest to the sun).
And this planet was shackled by a terrible cold,
The sun's rays did not reach her with warmth.
-What kind of planet is this? (Pluto because it is farthest from the sun and the smallest of all the planets).
A child in a Pluto cap takes hold of the longest ribbon No. 9.
And this planet is dear to us all.
The planet gave us life... (all: Earth)
-In what orbit does planet Earth rotate? Where is our planet from the sun? (On the 3rd).
A child in an “Earth” cap takes hold of ribbon No. 3.
Two planets are close to planet Earth.
My friend, name them quickly. (Venus and Mars).
Children wearing “Venus” and “Mars” hats occupy the 2nd and 4th orbits, respectively.
And this planet is proud of itself
Because it is considered the largest.
-What kind of planet is this? What orbit is it in? (Jupiter, orbit No. 5).
The child in the Jupiter cap takes place No. 5.
The planet is surrounded by rings
And this made her different from everyone else. (Saturn)
Child - Saturn occupies orbit No. 6.
What kind of green planets are they? (Uranus)
A child wearing a matching Neptune cap occupies orbit #8.
All the children took their places and began to revolve around the “Sun”.
The round dance of the planets is spinning. Each has its own size and color.
For each, the path is defined. But only on Earth is the world inhabited by life.
Useful - not useful.
Did. task: to consolidate the concepts of healthy and harmful products.
Materials: cards with images of products.
How to play: Place what is useful on one table, and what is not useful on the other.
Healthy: rolled oats, kefir, onions, carrots, apples, cabbage, sunflower oil, pears, etc.
Unhealthy: chips, fatty meats, chocolates, cakes, Fanta, etc.
Used Books:
A.I. Sorokina “Didactic game in kindergarten”.
A.K. Bondarenko "Didactic games in kindergarten."
“Certificate of publication in the media” Series A No. 0002253, barcode (receipt No.) 62502669050070 Date of dispatch December 12, 2013
We invite preschool teachers of the Tyumen region, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra to publish their teaching material:
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DIY didactic games
Layout "Pets"
was made from waste material (cardboard and newspaper tubes) for preschool children.
You can take a look at the master class on making a model
Target: consolidate ideas about domestic animals.
Tasks:
Educational:
Strengthen children's knowledge about pets. Note the characteristic features of animals.
Strengthen the ability to compare, find similarities and differences.
To develop the ability to distinguish between animals and their young.
Develop the skill of writing a short story about animals.
Developmental:
To develop children's memory, thinking, and imagination.
To develop children's interest in living nature and emotional responsiveness.
Educational:
To instill in children a love for their native land.
To instill in children a kind attitude towards animals, to create a desire to help them.
Model "Miller's Yard"
Target– to promote the emergence and development of emotional and cognitive interest in the historical and cultural heritage of Russia.
Tasks:
1. To consolidate knowledge about the characteristics of peasant labor and the profession of a miller.
2. Expand the understanding of the life of a peasant family in Rus'.
Didactic game: “Feed the bun”
Target: development of fine motor skills and tactile sensitivity.
Equipment: not tall plastic jars with lids, beans.
Making a manual: depict a kolobok (or other character) from self-adhesive paper on the lid. Make a hole in the mouth with a stationery knife (it’s convenient to cut a hole if you twist the knife in a circle)
"Fisherman"
There are many variations of this game. It can be complicated depending on the age of the children. I offer my options with children of the younger and middle groups.
A child catches a fish with a fishing rod.
1. "What size and color is it"
Purpose: to train children in determining the size of a fish; consolidate knowledge of color.
2. "Where does it grow"
Goal: learn to classify objects according to the topics “Vegetables”, “Fruits”.
3. "Who lives where"
Purpose: to learn to classify objects according to the topics “Domestic and wild animals”
4. "Where is whose mother"(need additional cards with pictures of animals)
Goal: to teach how to select domestic and wild animals and name them correctly.
5. "The fourth wheel"
Goal: learn to classify objects by topic.
"Carnations and Rubber Bands"
For this game you need wooden plywood, stationery nails and rubber bands.
Purpose: for the development of fine motor skills, visual, color and spatial perception, imagination;; consolidate knowledge of various types of geometric shapes and lines.
Game "Funny Dwarfs".
Target: learn the names of the days of the week and their order, consolidate the concepts of yesterday, today, tomorrow.
First option.
"Which gnome is gone."
Children close their eyes, the teacher removes one gnome. Children open their eyes and guess which gnome ran away.
Second option.
Children close their eyes, the teacher changes the order of the gnomes. Children open their eyes and place them in the correct sequence.
Third option.
We teach together with the children yesterday and tomorrow, if today is Monday, yesterday and tomorrow, if today is Tuesday, etc. goal: to develop tactile perception in children; enrich children's active vocabulary with new words, develop memory, attention, imagination, imaginative thinking; fine motor skills.
"Tactile caps"
for the game I took:
- bottled water caps;
- different textured fabric, fur, sandpaper, leather, beads;
- glue.
Progress:
- cut out circles of the same size as the lids from various materials and glued them.
How we play:
- Put all the caps in an opaque bag and ask the child to pull out a cap with a smooth texture, etc.
- "Find a Pair"
- "Find dissimilar caps"(eg fur and leather)
- "Guess what (who) it looks like"
-"Guess who am I"(red fur - fox, sandpaper - hedgehog, smooth skin - frog)
Educational game “Squares with a secret”
Goal: to enrich children’s active vocabulary with new words, to develop memory, attention, and fine motor skills.
The sense of touch or tactile perception plays an important role in development. And it is associated with the development of imagination, imaginative thinking and creative speech abilities in children. And training fine motor skills of the fingers stimulates the timely development of speech skills.
Each “square” is sewn from opaque fabric. It's a flat 6x6 pad with a cardboard frame inside and one small object in the center. There should be a pair of “squares” with identical objects inside. This game is multifunctional.
First option "Find a match." The child feels the “square” and finds a match for it.
Second option. It is necessary to divide the “squares” into two piles so that each does not contain the same ones. Place the first pile on the table, and distribute the “squares” from the second to the players equally. Players place their “squares” in front of them. The adult becomes the leader, but can also take part in the game. The presenter takes the “square”, feels it and describes its contents in words. For example, he says that there is a large smooth stone there. The player who has the paired square takes it for himself. The first person to get a pair for each of their “squares” wins.
Educational game "Candy"
Goal: learn to differentiate non-speech noises, find identical-sounding “candy,” develop logical thinking, attentiveness, and memory.
Hearing is no less important a tool for understanding the world around us than sight and touch. The ability to hear and distinguish sounds also requires constant training. The better a child hears, the faster he will learn to understand the meaning of what is being said to him and the faster verbal communication will become an effective way for him to gain new knowledge.
Each “candy” is made from kinder surprise. The “candies” are filled with various fillings that produce a certain sound when shaken, and are covered with bright fabric. A pair consists of “candies” that make the same sound when shaken, with the same filling. These can be beads, cereals, paper clips, etc.
The first option is “Find the same one.” Two people are playing. “Candy” is laid out on the table, the player takes any one “candy” and rattles it, and then takes another one and also shakes it. You cannot take more than two “candies”. If the sound is different, then the player puts each one in its original place, and the turn passes to the next player. If the sound is the same, then the player takes both candies for himself and gets the right to immediately make another move. The game continues until there are no more candies on the table.
And this is a similar game to “coffee girls”, the manual is made from chocolate eggs and covered with thermal film
Game for developing fine motor skills "Surprise Box"