What does the increased coefficient of atherogenicity indicate. Atherogenic coefficient - what is it? What is the norm? The likelihood of deposition of fatty plaques

It is worth knowing that the coefficient or index of atherogenicity is the ratio between "good" and total cholesterol, which can later be converted into LDL - low density lipoproteins. Cholesterol (cholesterol), which is in the blood vessels, can be "bad" and "good". Both of these fractions are of great importance for metabolism and have different effects on human health.

What is the atherogenic index for?

All people's knowledge about cholesterol often ends with the fact that its elevated blood level is bad. And having learned from the results of the tests about its presence and not understanding these values, the patient independently begins to take drugs that reduce cholesterol, or follows a strict diet.

However, it is not enough just to see that the level of a given substance has increased, you must be able to read the results of tests that require certain rules to be followed. If you look at individual graphs, you will not be able to correctly understand and determine all the processes occurring in the human body. Therefore, in order to be able to determine the development of dangerous pathologies that are directly or indirectly affected by "bad" cholesterol, such a medical indicator as the atherogenic coefficient was introduced.

To understand what it means, you need to know that cholesterol is divided into "good" or HDL, as well as "bad" or LDL. The “good” cholesterol molecules are too large to be absorbed into the cells of the body, so they concentrate the bad fat molecules around them and then send them to the liver for processing. In turn, “bad” cholesterol is attached to the walls of blood vessels and, thanks to the plaques formed there, narrowing of the gaps occurs, which significantly impairs blood circulation. But, besides this, in the human blood there is also total cholesterol, which is endowed with an “unbound” state.

Also, the determination of the atherogenic index is necessary in the following cases:

during the first examination of the patient;
control of cholesterol dynamics, which is necessary during drug therapy;
diagnosis of the development of pathologies of liver and thyroid cells.

Types of cholesterol and coefficient of atherogenicity

Most cholesterol (about 80%) is produced in the liver, the rest of it enters the body along with food. Cholesterol takes an active part in the synthesis of cell membranes, hormones and bile acids. Since it is almost insoluble in liquid, a special shell is formed around the cholesterol particles, consisting of proteins, which is necessary for the transport of cholesterol.

This shell-compound is called lipoproteins, while several of its varieties circulate in the blood vessels of people, which differ in the proportion of the components that make up:

LDL - low level of lipoproteins.
HDL - high level of lipoproteins.

HDL contains very little cholesterol, so it is almost entirely made up of protein. The main function of "good" cholesterol (HDL) is to transport its excess fractions to the liver for processing. HDL accounts for approximately 30% of total blood cholesterol. If the concentration of LDL exceeds HDL, this leads to the appearance of cholesterol plaques that accumulate in the vessels, gradually narrowing them and impairing blood circulation, which causes various diseases, such as stroke, heart attack, and so on.

In the medical calculation of the coefficient of atherogenicity, the following formula is used:

KO = (Total Cholesterol - HDL) / HDL

A normal and acceptable coefficient for a healthy person varies in different laboratories and ranges from 2-2.5 units. Moreover, this index should not exceed 3.2 for females and 3.5 for males.

An increased index indicates the development of certain diseases in the body, while if the atherogenic coefficient is lowered, this is not a cause for concern, since the risk of cholesterol plaques, and hence various diseases, is extremely small.

Therefore, if the question arises that the atherogenic coefficient is lowered what it is, then you need to remember that this fact is not diagnostically valuable and only indicates that the patient has an increased level of HDL in the body, which does not pose any danger to his health. Before embarking on medical therapy, doctors try to normalize the CA or lower it.

What to do with high odds

This can be achieved in the following ways:

lifestyle and diet changes;
taking special drugs.

In connection with the lifestyle, the coefficient increases for the following factors:

Bad habits, such as smoking, drugs and drinking alcohol, cause a violation of the synthesis of fat metabolism, and also greatly inhibit it.
A sedentary and inactive lifestyle causes stagnant processes, as a result of which fats are synthesized very actively.

To normalize the level of the coefficient, it is necessary to lead a healthy and active lifestyle, as well as give up bad and harmful habits.

A sharp increase in the atherogenic index in connection with the diet is caused by the use of products such as sausage, high-fat sour-milk products, spread and margarine, which are based on palm oil.

You need to reduce their consumption as much as possible by including the following foods in your diet:

It will also be possible to reduce the indicators of the atherogenic index with the help of drug therapy (statins).

However, they have a large number of side effects, so they should be taken only on the recommendation of a specialist, only according to indications, in special cases.

What can affect blood test results

When determining the coefficient of atherogenicity, it is necessary to take into account factors that can significantly change the results of the analyzes.

These include the following factors:

Compliance with a strict and rigid diet, almost starvation. In order for the body to avoid exhaustion and take strength and energy, it has to be content with fat reserves, as a result of which lipoproteins penetrate into the vessels and can lead to an artificial increase in the index.
The use of hormonal drugs.
Smoking and alcohol abuse, as well as drug use.
Hormonal imbalance as a result of taking medications, pregnancy, menopause and menstruation.

Indicators of the coefficient of atherogenicity will be lowered in cases where:

the patient is taking cholesterol-lowering medications;
the patient follows a hypocholesterol diet;
the patient is constantly involved in sports and performs physical activity (however, this has not been fully proven).

It turns out that CA is a kind of proportion of total cholesterol to high density lipoproteins.

I recently did a lipidogram in the laboratory, it turned out that my atherogenic coefficient is normal. However, in order to keep it that way, I think to stop eating sausage - as follows from the article, this product helps to increase CA.

My grandmother, who is already 85 years old, has a reduced atherogenic coefficient and is credited with treatment. It turns out that there is nothing dangerous in the reduced coefficient of atherogenicity, why then is treatment prescribed?

Atherogenic coefficient - what is it

Many have heard about the dangers of cholesterol and serious diseases associated with it.

Due to the lack of knowledge, some people go on strict diets, begin to clean the vessels with folk methods, or, even worse, take medications that can harm their health.

However, cholesterol is present naturally in the body and performs important functions. It differs in fractions, some of which are beneficial, others harmful. In order to distinguish between good and bad cholesterol, a biochemical blood test is performed, where the atherogenic coefficient (KA) is detected.

The term atherogenicity determines the ratio of cholesterol fractions, where “bad” prevails.

Thus, the calculation of the coefficient of atherogenicity allows you to determine the degree of risk of atherosclerosis.

Cholesterol is found in the blood in the form of complex compounds that are soluble. It is in conjunction with proteins, and such a compound is called lipoprotein (lipoprotein).

There are the following lipoproteins:

high molecular weight HDL are characterized by high density;
low molecular weight LDL have a low density;
very low molecular weight VLDL compounds have a minimum density.

In order to determine the risk of vascular disease, it is desirable to calculate all groups of complex compounds (lipoproteins). For a doctor studying a lipid profile, indicators of total cholesterol, its fractions and triglyceride are important. The latter refers to fats and is a product of carboxylic acids and the trihydric alcohol glycerol.

How is the cholesterol coefficient of atherogenicity formed?

Approximately 80% of cholesterol is produced in the liver, gonads, adrenal glands, kidneys and intestines. The rest enters the body with food. Cholesterol interacts with apoliproteins (proteins), forming compounds of high and low density.

If cholesterol enters the body from the outside, then it is part of the chylomicrons, which are synthesized in the intestine. The compound is then released into the blood.

Low molecular weight lipoproteins are transported from the liver to tissues, high molecular weight - to the liver, and chylomicrons - to the liver and peripheral tissues.

HDL is produced by the liver. Chylomicrons, getting into the liver, are converted into LDL and HDL, depending on the apolyprotein with which cholesterol forms a compound.

Low density lipoproteins are called atherogenic. If they are produced in large quantities, then more fatty acids enter the cells. Fats are removed from cells by binding them to HDL. Once in the liver, cholesterol is finally hydrolyzed.

The atherogenic coefficient shows which lipoproteins are more present in the blood. If low molecular weight, then the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis increases.

The ratio of "good" and "bad" cholesterol

Blood cholesterol levels can vary. For one person, it will be 7 units, for another - 4. The total cholesterol (OH) does not give a complete picture of whether there is a risk of cholesterol deposits in the vessels or not.

For example, if in the first case a high cholesterol level is achieved due to increased HDL, then the likelihood of atherosclerosis is low. High-density lipoproteins are responsible for transporting fats from cells to the liver, where they are processed. If HDL is high, then they talk about anti-atherogenicity.

In the second case, LDL can be increased, and the level of macromolecular compounds is low. This situation characterizes high atherogenicity.

For the development of atherosclerosis, a strong excess of the level of low molecular weight compounds is not necessary. Low HDL levels can also cause pathological processes.

In order to correctly determine whether there are violations or not, the difference between these indicators is calculated. For example, with a ratio of 2 mmol / l, LDL is twice as high.

Indicators of the coefficient of atherogenicity:

up to 3 - within the normal range;
up to 4 - an increased indicator, which can be reduced with the help of diets and increased physical activity;
above 4 - high risk of developing atherosclerosis, which requires treatment.

High levels of "bad" cholesterol are caused by an unbalanced diet. Eating a large amount of fatty foods disrupts lipid metabolism, which leads to an increase in the amount of low-density lipoprotein.

High-molecular compounds are synthesized only in the liver. They do not come with food, but polyunsaturated fats, which belong to the Omega-3 class and are present in fatty fish, can contribute to an increase in this fraction.

About the causes of atherosclerosis

The main reason for the development of atherosclerosis is considered to be an increased level of low molecular weight fractions of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol settles on the walls of blood vessels, and over time, deposits grow, narrowing the lumen and forming plaques.

In places where cholesterol accumulates, calcium salts are deposited, which cause pathological changes in blood vessels: loss of elasticity and dystrophy.

However, this is not the only cause of atherosclerotic vascular changes. The disease can develop against the background of viral infections, age-related changes, unhealthy lifestyle and a number of diseases. Therefore, we can talk about a group of people who are most susceptible to the development of pathology.

heredity;
age-related changes after 50 years;
gender (in men, pathology occurs more often);
increased body weight;
low level of physical activity;
diabetes;
hypertonic disease;
infections (cytomegalovirus, herpes, chlamydia);
smoking.

With an atherogenic coefficient above 3 mol / l, cholesterol begins to linger on the walls of the vessels. If this indicator is higher, then the process goes faster.

As a result, cholesterol plaques are formed, which can collapse, turning into blood clots. In this case, a person is diagnosed with such a dangerous disease as thromboembolism, which can lead to sudden death.

Atherogenic index: the norm in women and the reasons for the increase in the atherogenic coefficient

Atherosclerosis of the vessels often affects men, therefore, the norms established for them are higher than for the fair sex. The atherogenic coefficient is lowered in women due to the action of the hormone estrogen.

The hormone has a positive effect on the walls of blood vessels, providing them with good elasticity, which protects against the formation of cholesterol deposits. Cholesterol settles on damaged areas of blood vessels.

If the vessels have become inelastic, then as a result of blood turbulence, multiple damage to the walls occurs, and cholesterol is fixed in these places. Due to the natural mechanism of vascular protection, women are less likely to be diagnosed with diseases such as strokes and heart attacks.

The coefficient of atherogenicity is reduced in women only up to 50 years. After the onset of menopause, the hormone ceases to protect the vessels and women become susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis in the same way as men.

The level of lipoproteins up to 50 years (mmol / l):

total cholesterol - 3.6-5.2;
high density lipoproteins - 0.86-2.28;
low molecular weight compounds - 1.95-4.51.

The calculation of the atherogenic index is carried out according to the formula, where AI is determined by the difference between total cholesterol and high density plipoproteins, divided by the HDL index.

Atherogenic index in women: norm by age (mmol / l):

up to the age of thirty - up to 2.2;
after thirty - up to 3.2.

After the age of fifty, the atherogenic index in women is calculated according to the norm for men.

Reasons for the increase in performance in women

The first reason for the increase in CA in women is malnutrition. If the diet contains a lot of fatty foods: pork, butter, sour cream, etc., then this contributes to the accumulation of fats in the body. Cells do not need LDL in large quantities, so they constantly circulate in the blood in large quantities.

Another reason is related to the first. If fat is not consumed as a result of physical activity, then it accumulates in the cells and the level of low molecular weight lipoproteins in the blood also increases.

Smoking slows down the metabolism of fats, which also leads to an increase in blood cholesterol levels. It is noteworthy that alcohol enhances the process of lipid metabolism.

However, you should not use it for this purpose, since alcohol causes other dangerous diseases, and also interferes with the normal functioning of the liver, which is important for the synthesis of HDL.

The reason for the deviation of the atherogenic index from the norm in women may be heredity, which negatively affects lipid metabolism.

One way or another, an increase in CA is promoted by a violation of protein-fat metabolism. Therefore, when analyzing blood, such an indicator as the level of triglycerides is also taken into account.

1.78-2.2 - norm;
2.2-5.6 - elevated level;
above 5.6 - high concentration.

On the Internet, women are interested in the question: what to do if the atherogenic coefficient is increased in the form of a blood test. Such an indicator of CA can occur for various reasons, so the approach to treatment should be individualized.

Depending on the value of the coefficient, cholesterol reduction can be achieved with a diet that excludes animal fats, sports or drug therapy aimed at reducing cholesterol synthesis.

In order to exclude the negative effect of cholesterol on blood vessels, concomitant diseases should be treated: cytomegalovirus or chlamydial infection, diabetes mellitus, hypertension. During menopause, women are prescribed estrogen replacement therapy.

Atherogenic coefficient: the norm in men and methods for lowering cholesterol in the blood

If women atherosclerosis of vessels affects after sixty years, then in men it develops earlier. The atherogenic index is increased due to the fact that the vessels lose their elasticity faster, and therefore, the risk of developing vascular pathologies is higher.

The level of lipoproteins in men (mmol / l):

total cholesterol - 3.5-6.0;
high density lipoproteins - 0.7-1.76;
low molecular weight compounds - 2.21-4.81.

After years, normal values may change, as the natural processes of protein-fat metabolism are disturbed.

Atherogenic coefficient: norm in men by age (mmol / l):

Reasons for the increase in indicators in men

The causes of an increase in CA, just like in women, are a violation of protein-fat metabolism. These include oversaturation of the body with animal fats, a sedentary lifestyle, stress, smoking and other factors that negatively affect the metabolism of fats.

In some cases, the coefficient of atherogenicity can be increased in the process of taking hormonal drugs. However, this occurs only for the duration of treatment, and after stopping the medication, the patient sees the atherogenic index as the norm on the test form.

In a biochemical blood test in men, the level of lipid energy reserve in the body is also revealed. The norms of triglycerides coincide with the standards established for women.

First of all, men should change their lifestyle: give up bad habits, increase physical activity and reduce the amount of animal fats consumed. Of course, you should not become a vegetarian if you are used to meat.

However, you should choose lean beef or fish and steam rather than fry. If you can’t seriously go in for sports, then regular walking will help. For example, you can walk to work instead of using public transport.

If the CA is exceeded significantly, the doctor prescribes conservative treatment, which consists in taking satins that reduce the synthesis of cholesterol in the body.

Atherogenic index: how to calculate and what to do to reduce it

To determine CA, blood is taken from the patient and a biochemical analysis of the material is performed. Blood is taken from a vein in the morning, as before taking the test, you can not eat for eight hours.

To determine the fractions of lipid compounds in the laboratory, precipitation and photometry methods are used. Then the calculation of the coefficient of atherogenicity is performed.

Having become acquainted with the concept of the atherogenic index, we will consider how to calculate it using different formulas below.

The basic formula for the atherogenic index, which is usually used in the processing of blood test data, looks like this: IA \u003d (Cholesterol - HDL) / HDL, where IA is the atherogenic index, cholesterol is total cholesterol, HDL is a high molecular weight compound.

In some cases, it is required to calculate the atherogenic coefficient index taking into account low and very low density lipoproteins. The latter are detected through an indicator of the concentration of triglycerides. VLDL = TG / 2.2. Thus, the general formula is as follows: AI \u003d (LDL + TG / 2.2) / HDL.

The atherogenic coefficient, the norm of which is exceeded, requires the establishment of the cause of such a condition. Not necessarily there is a violation of lipid metabolism, an increase in CA can be caused by pregnancy or other temporary hormonal disruptions. Therefore, you should not self-medicate, otherwise you can disrupt the natural mechanisms of the body.

In some diseases, treatment with hormonal drugs is prescribed, in which the norm of the atherogenic coefficient increases. The course of treatment is controlled by a doctor who determines the risks, and if another pathology is suspected, the therapy can be changed.

Diets contribute to the reduction of the atherogenic coefficient. However, this approach can also have a downside. For example, a severe restriction of a person in fats, on the contrary, provokes an increased production of lipids in the body. Therefore, catering without excess fat should be competent.

Foods to Avoid:

sausage and other products containing animal fat;
lard, fatty pork and lamb, butter, sour cream, egg yolks;
trans fats, which are part of margarine, spreads and other similar products.

Products that need to be consumed to replenish the body with fats:

sea fish of fatty varieties;
nuts, especially walnuts;
vegetable oils: olive, linseed, sunflower.

A good addition to proper nutrition will be green tea and freshly squeezed juices from fruits and vegetables. Do not forget about clean water, which contributes to the natural cleansing of the body. It should be drunk at least 1.5 liters per day, not including other drinks.

If the atherogenic index is significantly increased, then the doctor prescribes drug therapy. Of the drugs, satins are used, which reduce the production of cholesterol, cation exchangers, which bind bile acids in the intestines, and drugs with omega-3 fats, which lower HDL levels.

An alternative to drug treatment is the procedure of mechanical blood purification, which is called extracorporeal hemocorrection. For this purpose, the patient's blood is taken from the vein, passed through special filters and injected back into the vein.

What forms a low coefficient of atherogenicity:

taking blood tests in the supine position;
diets that exclude animal fats;
active sports or other physical activity;
taking a number of drugs: medicines containing estrogens, colchicine, antifungal agents, clofibrate, satins.

A low atherogenic coefficient characterizes clean vessels and does not require any treatment. Such tests are often observed in young women, and this is considered the norm.

If, against the background of a decrease in total cholesterol levels, HDL decreases, then this cannot be called a good treatment. In this case, taking satins that reduce cholesterol production is considered ineffective and dangerous, since the body is deprived of an important component that regulates natural processes.

Remember that self-medication is dangerous for your health! Be sure to consult with your doctor! The information on the site is presented for informational purposes only and does not claim to be a reference and medical accuracy, is not a guide to action.

Reduced coefficient of atherogenicity

At first glance, such an incomprehensible phrase is a complex and obscure medical term. In fact, everything is quite simple.

Atherogenicity is nothing more than the ratio of "bad" and "good" lipid components in the human body.

A special coefficient helps to better understand and evaluate the health of each person, no matter if he is 20 or 50 years old. In the future, experts use this indicator to identify possible risks of developing a number of diseases of the cardiovascular system. These diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. A sedentary lifestyle has led us to the fact that the number of cases of heart attacks or strokes has increased significantly, but it is in the power of each person to learn a little more about their health, which will help them prevent or timely identify ailments that, without contacting specialists, can turn into disastrous results.

Why is this indicator so important?

Previously, therapeutic and cardiological doctors sent their patients to take a general blood test, which revealed the total level of lipids. Later, when the positive effect of high-density cholesterol was revealed, it became possible to evaluate the ratio of lipids at a more qualitative level. The coefficient of atherogenicity gives a clearer idea of what exactly a person eats, what type of fat prevails in his food, and also at what level his metabolism is.

This coefficient is measured in mmol / l of blood. The formula for finding the atherogenic coefficient is very simple. It is necessary to separate low density lipoproteins into high density lipoproteins. In a blood test, only such indicators as the content of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein can be indicated. In this case, it is necessary to subtract high-density lipoproteins from the total amount of cholesterol, and then divide the resulting difference by the already known high-density lipoprotein indicator. The formula can be represented as follows:

It turns out that this indicator indicates how healthy and correct the set of fats in the human body. The norm is the coefficient of atherogenicity, which is within the framework of 2.2 - 3.5, and many laboratories have recently lowered the upper limit to 3.0. Thus, for most cardiologist patients, a decrease in the atherogenic index is exactly the goal they should strive for, as opposed to a general decrease in blood lipid components. By the way, this indicator alone, when it is increased, does not indicate that the patient has atherosclerosis, and a good specialist will conduct additional studies to clarify the clinical picture. Too low values within 1.9 - 2.2 have no clinical significance.

How to take an analysis

It is known that the rules for passing each analysis are different, and the identification of the atherogenic index is no exception. Failure to comply with them can lead to incorrect results, and as a result, incorrect appointments. Here are the main recommendations for passing the analysis:

the day before, it is necessary to give up fatty foods on the previous day, and the evening dinner should be as light and simple as possible;
immediately before passing the analysis for the coefficient of atherogenicity, as well as on the previous day, it is better to abandon too intense physical exertion, and, if possible, protect yourself from emotional upheavals;
smoking immediately before the test can distort the result, and therefore it is better to refuse a cigarette 30 minutes before going to the treatment room;
analysis for the coefficient of atherogenicity is given strictly on an empty stomach, that is, for the last 6-8 hours a person should not take any, even light food;
alcohol in the previous day must also be abandoned, otherwise the result will be incorrect;
5 minutes before the test, you must take a sitting position and calm down.

If possible, the analysis should be retaken again in another medical institution to eliminate errors during the analysis.

Causes of a reduced atherogenic index

A reduced atherogenic index in practice in different population groups - men, women and children - is quite rare. So, here are the main reasons why the result was below the norm:

the patient regularly takes statins, which are by far the most popular means for lowering blood lipids;
the patient goes in for sports, which is almost impossible for obese people - the main visitors to the cardiologist's office;
before the test, the patient had been on a low-cholesterol diet for a long time;
taking estrogen, antifungal drugs and erythromycin can also lead to a lower atherogenic index.

Features of a reduced atherogenic index

This blood count can change over time. So, most people who are undergoing treatment for obesity periodically take an analysis to see the dynamics of the work being done. Of course, they are pleased when the level of atherogenicity gradually decreases.

If a person leads an active lifestyle and does not overeat, then his atherogenic index will be normal. With significant loads at work or in sports, this indicator becomes lower. As a rule, to increase it and bring it back to normal, it is enough to rest well and allow yourself to eat a little more than usual.

Different indicators of blood components in women, men and children should eventually give an atherogenic index, which will fit into the general standards (2.2 - 3).

Reduced coefficient of atherogenicity in women

In a normal woman, when passing this analysis on an empty stomach, the indicator should be normal. A reduced atherogenic coefficient will indicate that the patient is in the stage of exhaustion. In turn, this situation can occur for several reasons. First, a woman takes too little fat food. This happens with young girls who are on a diet for a long time. As a rule, such diets are not prescribed by a specialist, but personally, and therefore their health benefits are very doubtful.

Secondly, a reduced coefficient of atherogenicity in women can be observed in female athletes. During periods of preparation for serious competitions, the load on the body increases significantly, both physical and moral, and all this requires energy. If the coach does not pay enough attention to the condition of his mentor, but only monitors her physical form, then this can lead to such results as a reduced atherogenic coefficient.

Finally, if this indicator is low in a woman, you should check with her if she is taking hormonal drugs containing estrogens. Most contraceptives, including the new generation, contain small doses of this female hormone, which women take daily. In this case, the result of the analysis can be considered invalid and not of medical significance.

Reduced atherogenic coefficient in children

Today it is recommended to take this analysis to those children who have been diagnosed with high cholesterol since birth, and also have disorders, including congenital ones, in the work of the cardiovascular system. This index, taken from a child from 2 to 10 years old, is considered informative.

If the coefficient of atherogenicity in a child is lowered, then it is necessary to ask parents about the nature of his diet. Many types of sweets, so loved by children, contain almost no lipid components (marshmallow, marshmallow). If the intake of such food is to the detriment of the main diet, then one should not be surprised that the child will have a reduced level of atherogenicity. Despite the fact that doctors do not usually consider a decrease in the level to be critical, in this case everything is completely different. Cholesterol is necessary for the children's body to build cells, to maintain strength, for the functioning of all body systems. Thus, a girl's reproductive system will not be ready for the monthly menstrual cycle if the level of dietary fat is low. Finally, a huge amount of fats is concentrated in the hemispheres of the brain, and their existing lack, which is also indicated by a reduced level of atherogenicity, can cause poor performance in an educational institution.

Reduced coefficient of atherogenicity in men

In the modern world, this situation is extremely rare, and the reason for this is the countless gadgets that the strong half of humanity spends time with, as well as high-calorie food that cooks very quickly or even just warms up.

If, at the appointment with a cardiologist, a man reveals that his level of atherogenicity is lowered, then the doctor should consult with the patient in order to identify the true cause. As a rule, this analysis is taken in the morning, on an empty stomach. If a man has a habit of doing exercises or jogging, and even on the day of the test he did not change his plans, this can lead to the fact that the atherogenic coefficient will be lowered. If such a result is obtained without recent physical activity, then this may indicate that the patient's diet has been dominated by foods with a low lipid content for a long time.

If a man is currently being treated for a fungus and is taking appropriate medications, this can also lead to a decrease in the atherogenic coefficient. The same result will lead to taking drugs based on erythromycin. Such test results should not be taken into account. It is recommended to take a new analysis when the patient undergoes treatment and completes the medication.

What to do with reduced atherogenicity

First you need to find out if the result is correct. In other words, were there any factors in the patient's life in the last days before the test that could reduce the atherogenic coefficient. If there are none, then the result can be interpreted as true.

Eating food with adequate fat content

The most common problem is the intake of low-calorie, critically low-fat foods. Numerous mono-diets that you can read and prescribe on the Internet today can harm even a healthy person, not to mention patients with diseases. It is urgent to visit a nutrition specialist so that he develops an individual schedule and diet, paints the types of products and their quantity. Wrong in this case is the decision immediately after such a "hungry" diet to consume everything in any quantity. This is fraught with a sharp increase in the level of sugar, low density lipoproteins and other blood components.

As for athletes and their reduced atherogenic coefficient, everything should be decided only by a sports doctor. Even the slightest deviation from the training schedule can cause failure in the near future, and it is precisely for the sake of victory that a person in this profession is trying. Perhaps you should think about nutrition and, if possible, add some foods with lipoproteins. By the way, the quality of lipids, namely their density, in the case of athletes does not play the first role, because most of the fat will be converted into energy. However, it has been observed that foods with "good" lipoproteins do not cause a feeling of heaviness, which also gives them an advantage over foods with animal fats.

Is it worth it to be a vegetarian?

Finally, a separate conversation should be conducted with vegetarians. As a rule, these people refuse animal fats, however, vegetable oils also consume a very moderate amount. If the work activity of such people is rich and intense, whether physical or mental, then with a high degree of expectation we can say that the atherogenic coefficient will be lowered. If the vegetarian diet is too poor, then his body will be in a state of exhaustion, and the lowered atherogenic index proves this once again. In this case, you should immediately think about your diet, namely, how to diversify it with foods containing fats, and here also the help of a specialist will not be superfluous.

All information on the site is provided for informational purposes only. In case of symptoms of the disease, contact a specialist.

During a routine examination or when a patient contacts with certain complaints, the doctor may refer him to a blood test for cholesterol. This analysis is called a lipid profile. The lipidogram displays the values of cholesterol fractions and the coefficient of atherogenicity.

Atherogenic coefficient - what is it

The coefficient or index of atherogenicity is the ratio of all fractions of cholesterol. It is calculated according to the formula:

HDL is high density lipoprotein. They are necessary for the body to renew and create new cells, to produce such important sex hormones as estrogen and testosterone. This component of total cholesterol is considered "good" cholesterol.

In addition to this fraction, the composition of total cholesterol includes:

It is necessary to control the level of cholesterol in order to avoid the appearance of atherosclerotic plaques.

The norm in the blood test

Normally, the atherogenic coefficient is from 2 to 3 units. If the indicators are less than two, then there is no danger to the body. This only confirms the absence of the risk of atherosclerosis.

If the indicators are above three units, then this indicates moderate changes in the vessels, in which it is possible to solve the problem with the help of a normal nutritional correction. If the values are above four units, then, in addition to diet and lifestyle changes, you need to use medication.

If the values exceed seven units, then the patient is shown surgery to avoid possible heart attack or stroke.

Since the norm of the level of cholesterol in the blood is different for men and women, the normative values of the atherogenic coefficient also have differences.

Norm for women

Women have a natural defense against excessive cholesterol levels, in the form of the hormone estrogen, which is produced in the female body. This hormone makes blood vessels more elastic. Low density lipoproteins settle in places of microcracks in blood vessels. And since the vessels are not damaged, it means that there is nowhere for excess cholesterol to settle.

Thus, women are naturally protected from the development of atherosclerosis.

This protection lasts until the onset of menopause, since in post-menopausal age, estrogen is no longer produced in the same amount. Accordingly, the normative indicators of the atherogenic index depend on gender and age criteria.

The norms of the coefficient of atherogenicity in women can be viewed in the following table.

Despite the fact that the risk of developing atherosclerosis in women is much less than in men, women still need to regularly monitor their cholesterol levels.

Especially attentive to this problem should be those women who take oral contraceptives, as they can increase the amount of LDL in the blood.

Norm for men

As already mentioned, the risk of developing atherosclerosis in men is much higher than in women. This suggests that every man needs an annual preventive examination to determine the level of cholesterol fractions.

The norms of the atherogenic index for men can be viewed in the following table.

CA - coefficient of atherogenicity;

IHD - ischemic heart disease.

Who is shown the delivery of the analysis

The cholesterol test is most often taken by people who are at risk of developing atherosclerosis. It:

In order to get the correct results of the analysis, you need to properly prepare for it.

How to properly prepare for an analysis

Preparation for analysis is very important, because the accuracy of the results depends on it. Before the analysis, the doctor gives the following recommendations:

On the eve of testing, you can not eat anything fatty. Fatty food means: fatty meat, lard, sour cream, butter, confectionery with cream, products containing palm oil, dairy products high in animal fats.
The last meal should be no later than six in the evening.
Alcohol should not be consumed at least a week before the test.
The day before testing blood for cholesterol, physical activity should not be performed, since after sports exercises, high-density lipoproteins increase in the blood. This can distort the coefficient of atherogenicity.
In advance of the analysis, the doctor cancels certain medications that are taken for concomitant diseases.
Oral contraceptives are also being discontinued in women because they can increase low-density lipoprotein levels.

Reasons for inaccurate analysis

Failure to comply with the rules for preparing for analysis is the main reason for inaccurate data. Having eaten fat the day before, a patient with a normal cholesterol level will receive overestimated values.

Also with medicines. Many drugs, such as antibiotics or diuretics, can distort the lipid profile. Therefore, the doctor first considers the possibility of canceling certain medications, and then prescribes an analysis.

What is the danger of increasing the coefficient

A high coefficient of atherogenicity indicates that the patient develops atherosclerosis. This disease is very dangerous, as it damages the vessels of the circulatory system. Over time, the vessels wear out, become more fragile and brittle.

In places of microcracks, atherosclerotic plaque begins to settle, which is formed from an excess content of low density lipoproteins. Settling on the walls of the vessel, they narrow its lumen, forming into atherosclerotic plaques. This substance is rather friable, able to come off entirely or completely, moving further along the bloodstream.

Over time, the plaques calcify, turning into blood clots. Thrombi may come off. If the size of the detached thrombus is large, then it, floating through the circulatory system, can get stuck in the vessels clogged with plaques, and then a heart attack (necrosis) of the tissues adjacent to this vessel occurs.

Depending on the site of the blockage, the type of infarction depends:

hearts;
kidneys;
lung;
Vessels of the limbs, etc.

With a heart attack, oxygen and nutrients do not enter the tissues, since the vessel is blocked, and blood circulation is disturbed. The tissues begin to die. The most dangerous is myocardial infarction, since the heart provides the work of the whole organism.

If blockage occurs in the vessels of the brain, then a stroke occurs. The consequences of a stroke are always very severe: speech is impaired, the ability to move is completely or partially lost, memory is impaired, and much more. Recurrent strokes carry a high risk of disability or death.

Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the level of cholesterol in the blood, avoiding the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Reasons for deviations

It is not possible to name the exact cause of the development of atherosclerosis, since for many years it has been asymptomatic. The disease can develop over thirty years, and what exactly was the cause over these years cannot be determined. But there are a number of common reasons due to which long-term changes in the circulatory system occur.

Having understood the most striking causes of atherosclerosis, it is easier to draw up a plan to reduce the atherogenic index.

How to reduce the coefficient of atherogenicity

There are many ways to lower the CA values. The choice of therapy will depend on specific testing data. If, for example, deviations from the norm are small, then the usual correction of nutrition will be sufficient.

If the deviations are significant, then it will no longer be possible to do without drugs.

Principles of treatment

The principles of reducing the level of atherogenicity, as a rule, are divided into several types: diet, lifestyle changes and treatment with medications.

Diet

Changing eating behavior with excessive cholesterol levels is a key point in the treatment of atherosclerosis. With high levels of LDL, the following are excluded from the diet:

Fatty meats;
Salo,
lard;
Sausages;
Products containing palm oil;
Fatty varieties of dairy products.

By following a diet, or better, by completely changing your taste preferences towards healthy food, you can maintain and extend the performance of blood vessels for a long time.

Lifestyle Modification

In addition to changing your eating plan, you also need to change your lifestyle in general. You need to diversify your daily activities:

Walks in the fresh air;
A strong sport.

In addition, we must abandon bad habits that destroy the body and try to avoid stressful situations.

The use of medicines

With advanced atherosclerosis, the doctor adds medications to diet and lifestyle changes that help improve the situation. These are the drugs of the following groups:

Statins. These drugs block the production of cholesterol by the liver. Thus, the amount of LDL in the blood decreases, and HDL increases.
fibrates. These drugs are able to act on receptors that activate the breakdown of fat. This helps to clear the blood of an abundance of low density lipoproteins.
A nicotinic acid. Reduces the concentration of LDL and increases the amount of HDL.
Fatty acid sequestrants. Drugs in this group do not allow lipids to be absorbed into the blood from the gastrointestinal tract. They remove excess cholesterol along with bile.

In order not to bring the situation to the point of drug treatment, it is necessary to regularly monitor the level of cholesterol. Once a year, you need to undergo a preventive examination by a doctor, which will also include blood testing for cholesterol levels.

Patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis need to measure cholesterol much more often in order to track the dynamics of treatment and not start the situation. For this, there are portable analyzers with which you can perform analysis at home.

Bibliography

Petrov, I.N. Treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system. The latest reference book / I.N. Petrov. - M.: Phoenix, 2017.
The circulatory system and arterial hypertension. Biophysical and genetic-physiological mechanisms, mathematical and computer modeling. - M.: Publishing house of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016.
Modern methods of studying the functions of the cardiovascular system: monograph. . - M.: State publishing house of medical literature, 2016.
Sokolov, E.I. Diabetic heart / E.I. Sokolov. - M.: Medicine, 2012.
Sumarokov, A.V. Clinical cardiology: A guide for doctors / A.V. Sumarokov, V.S. Moiseev. - M.: Medicine, 2014. -
Trangeizer, V. A. Atherosclerosis and hypertension. Prevention and treatment / V.A. Transnhauser. - Moscow: World, 2016
Topolyansky, A.V. Cardiology. Handbook of a practical doctor / A.V. Topolyansky. - M.: MEDpress-inform, 2009.

Any adult, even without a medical education with rather meager theoretical knowledge in this area, knows that high blood cholesterol does not bode well. But, basically, all the information comes down to the fact that this substance is very harmful to blood vessels, increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis and heart attack. Therefore, having seen the conclusion of the laboratory or high values in the “total cholesterol” column, a person begins to take measures to reduce the indicator, sits down on a “cholesterol-free” diet, or, even worse, they begin to arbitrarily take various medications.

But in order to make the right conclusion about the high content of cholesterol, about the course of pathological processes in the body, about the increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and other diseases, you need to be able to correctly interpret the test results, following some rules. It is necessary to analyze not only quantitative characteristics, but also the ratio of various indicators.

For convenience and ease of assessment, in medicine, a special indicator, the coefficient or index of atherogenicity, has been introduced. To make it clear to readers, and to make it easier for patients to understand, let's take a closer look at this value and figure out what deviations in the level of the indicator mean.

What is the coefficient of atherogenicity in a blood test?

Let's start with the fact that this indicator is determined by giving a person blood for a biochemical study, the analysis should be carried out strictly on an empty stomach, blood is taken from a vein.

Now let's figure out what is the cholesterol coefficient of atherogenicity. Every day with food, fats enter the human body, which are then broken down in the stomach into glycerol and fatty acids. Fatty acids are essential as a building material for cell membranes. Glycerin, in turn, moves through the blood to the liver, where, participating in metabolic processes, it is divided into proteins and lipids of high (HDL) and low (LDL) density.

So, when these two fractions are in an acceptable ratio, the cells are provided with a normal amount of lipids, and the excess is safely excreted by the body. Sometimes, for a more accurate analysis, the patient is prescribed a lipidogram, where the lipid complex is evaluated with an atherogenic coefficient.

The LDL fraction is considered the most harmful, such lipids have a high level of atherogenicity and are capable of forming plaques in the vessels. HDL, on the contrary, transports free cholesterol, thereby preventing the formation of plaques, this fraction is considered anti-atherogenic. Thus, if the coefficient of atherogenicity is increased, then it is possible to judge a large amount of LDL in the blood.

Speaking at the household level, the LDL fraction can be called "bad" cholesterol, and HDL "good".

Norm

You need to start with the fact that there are no single values in assessing atherogenicity. That is, one indicator of total cholesterol can be equal to 6 mmol / l, and the other 3 mmol / l, but in this case, in both cases, predominantly HDL is present, which means that all cholesterol molecules that come with food , are well consumed in the tissues, and the excess is excreted by the body.

If the atherogenic coefficient is increased in the blood test, there is reason to believe that the person's cholesterol level is higher than necessary. Cholesterol molecules are not processed into HDL, but continue to circulate through the blood in the form of LDL.

To calculate the coefficient, experts use a fairly simple formula:

Coef. A \u003d OHc (total cholesterol) - HDL / HDL

Normal indicators established for the adult population may differ slightly, depending on the age category and gender of the patient.

Thus, the norm of atherogenicity in men on average should be less than 2.5, and in women - less than 2.2. If there is evidence of an early coronary disease in the anamnesis, then the indicator can be increased to 3.5-4. In people with severe atherosclerosis, the coefficient can reach almost 7 units!

The atherogenic coefficient of the norm in women will differ during the period of bearing a child. To get a true result, you need to retake the test 5-6 weeks after the birth of the baby.

The coefficient of atherogenicity is increased, what does this mean?

If, according to the results of a laboratory study, increased atherogenicity in the blood was detected, this means the formation of predominantly “bad” cholesterol, which can clog blood vessels. Before starting to take measures to reduce the indicator, it is necessary to understand why this situation has arisen. Consider the predisposing factors of the pathology, why the atherogenic coefficient is increased, the reasons:

sedentary lifestyle;
obesity (including diabetes);
malnutrition (frequent consumption of large amounts of animal fats and foods high in cholesterol);
the presence of addictions (especially alcohol abuse);
there is a hereditary factor (when close relatives under the age of 55 suffered high cholesterol levels, cardiovascular diseases, heart attacks and strokes).

If a high level of "bad" cholesterol is detected in a small child, then he will need to do a lipidogram and re-analyze at the age of 2-10 years.

We hope it has become clear to you that this is an increased atherogenic coefficient and how such a condition can threaten health. Indeed, in humans, due to poor breakdown of cholesterol molecules, plaques can form on the walls of blood vessels, arteries become less elastic, and when the lumen narrows, oxygen and nutrients are transported worse to all major organs and tissues in the body. As a result, a person can suffer a heart attack, stroke, suffer from angina pectoris, an aortic aneurysm, or experience peripheral arterial disease. According to statistics, cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in people worldwide. And, unfortunately, often people suffer from their own careless attitude to their health.

Why downgraded

Unlike an increased indicator, the situation when the atherogenic coefficient is lowered has no diagnostic value. Usually, this result is associated with some factors, for example:

finding a person on a low-calorie diet or prolonged fasting (especially often for this reason, the atherogenic coefficient is lowered in women);
taking certain potent drugs (antifungal or statins) the day before the study;
it is believed that the coefficient of atherogenicity is below the norm in people who are actively or professionally involved in sports, but this fact is very controversial and there is no concrete evidence confirming this fact.

An increase in cholesterol in the blood may not be felt by you in any way and in the early stages it will not affect your well-being. But in order to avoid serious consequences, you should not neglect preventive measures against atherosclerosis.

Be healthy, take care of yourself!

The results of the lipidogram "the coefficient of atherogenicity is reduced" - what is it? In a nutshell, this is good news.

People with a low atherogenic coefficient have a lower risk of pathologies of the circulatory system, a lower risk of heart attack and stroke.

Most often, a moderate or low coefficient of atherogenicity occurs in people who follow the right diet, and in athletes.

In addition, a decrease in this indicator can be triggered by taking medications for weight loss and some antifungal drugs.

A compound such as cholesterol or cholesterol is often mentioned in various materials on the health of the cardiovascular system. What is this substance, how does it enter the body and what functions does it perform?

In the simplest approximation, cholesterol is a fatty compound dissolved in the blood. With different products, a lot of fats of different composition come into the body, each of them performs a specific function.

Since fats do not dissolve in water, the digestive organs first process them to transport these elements to the tissues.

Special proteins create a kind of capsule inside which fats are enclosed. The resulting compounds, lipoproteins, dissolve perfectly in the blood and enter the internal organs to nourish the cells.

Lipoproteins are usually divided into two large groups: low and high density. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is liquid cholesterol.

The key role of this substance is the construction of cells. Liquid cholesterol is necessary to create a cell membrane, a shell, without which normal cell activity is impossible.

Liquid cholesterol is used in the digestive system for the secretion of bile, helps maintain immunity, improves the functioning of the brain and nervous system.

Despite so many positive properties, liquid cholesterol is often called harmful or bad. This is because an excess amount of liquid cholesterol in the bloodstream can lead to the formation of cholesterol plaques.

The molecules of this substance are able to attach to the walls of blood vessels, reducing their elasticity, creating the risk of spasms.

If there is a lot of liquid cholesterol, the excess gradually accumulates on the walls of blood vessels and forms a kind of plug.

As a result, blood flow is disturbed and there is a risk of spontaneous cleavage of cholesterol clots and complete blockage of blood vessels (heart attack).

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the so-called solid, healthy cholesterol.

This compound plays the role of a kind of filter in the body. HDL is transported in the bloodstream and binds excess liquid cholesterol and then removes it from the circulatory system.

Solid cholesterol is called useful for its anti-atherogenic properties: a large amount of this substance in the blood means clean and flexible vessels, and, accordingly, a reduced risk of disease.

What does the coefficient of atherogenicity mean?

When diagnosing the general tone of the cardiovascular system, it is important for doctors to know the value of all three indicators: the total amount of lipids, the amount of liquid and solid cholesterol.

The coefficient (or index) of atherogenicity is a conditional numerical value, which indicates the ratio of these three indicators.

The atherogenic coefficient is calculated using a simple mathematical formula: (OH - HDL) / HDL, where OX is the total amount of cholesterol, HDL is solid, healthy cholesterol.

Atherogenic coefficient values below 2 are considered good.

This indicator indicates that the circulatory system is protected, the amount of solid cholesterol copes well with the removal of excess liquid cholesterol.

An atherogenic index above 3 indicates that there is much more bad cholesterol in the bloodstream than good cholesterol.

This means that the patient may form cholesterol plugs, the vessels gradually lose their elasticity and become susceptible to diseases.

By itself, an increased atherogenic index is not considered a disease, it is just the likelihood of vascular and heart pathologies.

There is no direct connection between heart attacks, strokes and other acute conditions and the level of atherogenicity; high values of this index are not considered an early diagnosis of diseases of the cardiovascular system.

An increased content of liquid cholesterol in the circulatory system is the vulnerability of blood vessels and a high risk of atherosclerosis.

Preparation and when should I take the test?

A blood test for lipids is considered preventive, and therefore it is recommended for periodic delivery to absolutely everyone.

If a person is young and healthy, then you can donate blood for a lipid profile (a comprehensive study of the presence of fats in the blood) once every 5 years.

If, according to the results of the first analysis, the atherogenic coefficient is increased, then it is recommended to adjust the diet and periodically retake the analysis to assess the dynamics.

There are so-called high-risk groups - people who are more likely to develop vascular and heart diseases initially.

It is better for such people to donate blood for atherogenicity regularly, especially if the indicators are not the most optimistic.

The high-risk group includes:

older patients (after 50);
obese people;
hypertension;
patients with diabetes;
patients who have had a heart attack or a pre-infarction condition.

The conditional risk group includes people whose close relatives suffer from diseases of the heart or circulatory system.

The predisposition to such diseases is inherited, so if the family has a history of heart attacks or atherosclerosis, then you should regularly check the blood for atherogenicity.

No special preparation for analysis is required. To measure the amount of cholesterol in laboratories, venous blood is used.

It is necessary to take the biomaterial on an empty stomach (wait at least 12 hours after eating). For a day it is necessary to give up alcohol and, if possible, cigarettes. Half an hour before donating blood, it is recommended to sit down and relax.

The main task is not to distort the results of the analysis by time differences. Therefore, it is not recommended to start new diets, especially those aimed at low fat intake, not to start taking medications and dietary supplements for weight loss.

Postpone major lifestyle changes. If you are not involved in sports, then you should not start 1-2 weeks before the analysis.

If you exercise regularly (run, swim, go to the gym), then it is better to postpone the workout on the day of the test. Try to avoid stress and psycho-emotional overstrain a few days before the test.

If you are taking any medications (including contraceptives), then you must inform your doctor about this. Some drugs can temporarily lower the amount of lipids in the blood and distort the results of the study.

What does the reduced ratio mean?

In general, a low atherogenic coefficient is a good indicator. In adults without chronic pathologies, an atherogenic index below 2 means a balanced diet and a low risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies.

Despite the apparent simplicity of deciphering this indicator, only a doctor can make a full-fledged conclusion about the coefficient of atherogenicity.

It is necessary to take into account not only the age (the norm varies for different age categories), but also the medical history of the patient.

In women, a reduced atherogenic coefficient may indicate a protracted diet. If a woman is inclined to be overweight and constantly exhausts her own body with starvation or a too rigid diet, underestimated atherogenicity is more like a cry for help from the body.

All the positive functions of cholesterol, including liquid cholesterol, were mentioned above. With a chronic lack of fat, the body may be without building material for cells, and the intestines without the necessary digestive juices.

In the long run, this imbalance can slow down the metabolism and only exacerbate the weight problem.

A reduced coefficient of atherogenicity in men is extremely rare. As a rule, this result indicates that the patient has neglected the rules for preparing for analysis.

If before the blood sampling the man was in training or drank alcoholic beverages the day before, the results are considered unreliable.

Some medications distort blood fat levels, especially antifungal medications.

Reduced atherogenicity in children is a serious cause for concern for parents. With rare exceptions, vascular problems caused by high cholesterol do not threaten children.

But the lack of cholesterol suggests that the cells do not have enough nutrients to grow.

If a child lacks cholesterol for a long time, then metabolic disorders and the development of a variety of pathologies are possible. Most often, the causes of low cholesterol lie in malnutrition.

Atherogenicity is a concept that reflects the ratio between bad and good fats. To identify this indicator, a special coefficient has been introduced. With the accumulation of "harmful" lipids in the body, the tendency to deposit plaques in the walls of blood vessels increases - atherosclerosis.

The likelihood of deposition of fatty plaques

The coefficient of atherogenicity (CA) is determined on the basis of a biochemical analysis of blood, which is taken in the morning from a vein on an empty stomach. Before the procedure, a person abstains from food for 6-8 hours. To study cholesterol, the Ilk or Abel method is used. The methods reveal the difference between the fat fractions that are formed using photometry and precipitation. The resulting norms are different in each laboratory, but the level of atherogenicity is not distorted.

If you look at the form of a biochemical blood test, next to the current value are the wide limits of the norm, which allow you to unify the method separately for each laboratory.

What it is

Lipidogram reflects the level of lipid fractions (fatty acids) in blood serum after precipitation. The level of such compounds is important for the doctor:

total cholesterol;
HDL - high density lipoproteins;
LDL - low density lipoproteins;
TG - triglycerides.

Each of them affects the formation of cholesterol plaques in the vessels. For example, high atherogenicity is determined by the presence of LDL. The HDL faction informs about the opposite. Triglycerides are a transport form. With an increase in their values in the blood, they speak of a high risk of atherosclerosis.

Basics of indicator formation

When fatty acids are ingested with food, they are broken down in the gastrointestinal tract with the help of enzymes and bilirubin. As a result of destruction, glycerol is formed, which interacts with cholesterol. Chylomicrons are formed, they enter the liver and are processed into LDL and HDL.

LDL are atherogenic: the more they are produced in the body, the higher the concentration of fatty acids is delivered inside the cells. Fat residues after conversion are removed by binding to HDL. In this way, the difference in atherogenicity between the content of LDL and HDL reflects the likelihood of atherosclerosis.

Transport form - triglycerides - an indirect indicator that reflects the total level of fat in the body. Determining the magnitude of these compounds is used to diagnose the likelihood of atherosclerosis.