Why does vomiting happen? What to do with vomiting, what medicines to drink. Vomiting with bile

The causes of vomiting can be very different, as it is a sign of a huge number of pathologies.

Vomiting appears at any age - this is an unconditioned reflex necessary to remove gastric contents through the pharynx.

Vomiting protects the body from poisoning by removing toxic and caustic substances inside the stomach.

Causes and mechanism of vomiting

Vomiting is often preceded by nausea. The cause of both of these phenomena is the excitation of a special center located in the brain.

In addition, vomiting occurs as a result of mental irritation and stimulation of the vomiting zones, which include the pharynx, the base of the tongue, the bile ducts, and many other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

The cause of nausea and vomiting can be diseases:

abdominal organs;
surgical;
infectious;
nervous system;
vestibular apparatus;
metabolism;
circulation.

Such a variety of causes makes vomiting a non-specific symptom, based on which it is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis.

There are three types of vomiting:

central - its cause is problems of the brain and organs of hearing and vision: tumors, meningitis, encephalitis, migraine, injuries, pathologies in the structure of the inner ear, increased intraocular pressure;
hematogenous-toxic - the cause of this type of vomiting is the accumulation of toxic components in the blood, which is typical for diabetes mellitus, liver and kidney failure, poisoning, including carbon monoxide intoxication, alcohol, toxins, microbes and viruses with drugs;
visceral - the reasons for its appearance are associated with diseases of the digestive tract.

A special place is occupied by psychogenic causes: neurosis, stress and mental illness. Psychogenic vomiting most often occurs in people with hysterical character traits.

Its cause is the increased irritability of the emetic focus in the brain and the emetic zones in the oral cavity.

Vomiting in an adult, which arose as a conditioned reflex, is a common sign of improper dieting. It is observed in women seeking to cope with excess weight in this way.

When a diet breaks, a woman tries to get rid of calories by artificially removing food from her stomach.

The extreme degree of this condition is bulimia - a neuropsychiatric disease in which the patient, after each meal, causes himself to vomit in order to prevent the food from being digested.

Separately, it is necessary to consider vomiting in pregnant women. This is a typical morning symptom, characteristic of the onset of pregnancy. It is caused by hormonal changes.

At a later date, vomiting in the morning can be replaced by daytime and evening, as the abdominal organs are squeezed by the growing uterus, which causes nausea, especially aggravated after eating.

Diseases of the digestive system

Vomiting in an adult without fever presumably indicates diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. When the temperature rises, a surgical or infectious disease can be suspected.

Normally, the vomit should not contain blood, bile, pus, or large amounts of mucus. It should consist of recently eaten food, partially dissolved in acidic gastric contents.

When blood and other components atypical for this substance appear in the vomit, this indicates serious health problems.

The most alarming symptom is vomiting with blood. This condition is life threatening. Its cause is bleeding from the stomach and esophagus.

A person who has blood in his vomit or vomit that resembles coffee grounds in color and consistency (this is what blood clotted in gastric juice looks like) should be immediately examined by a gastroenterologist or surgeon.

The slightest delay can cause hemorrhagic shock and death, since blood loss during gastric and esophageal bleeding is voluminous and rapid.

The cause of the appearance of bile in vomit is diseases of the liver and pancreas. Vomiting of bile is one of the symptoms of biliary colic, a condition that occurs with cholecystitis.

In addition, vomiting of bile appears with toxicosis of pregnant women, alcohol and drug intoxication, and intestinal obstruction.

Pus in the vomit is a sign of phlegmonous gastritis. With this disease, the submucosa of the stomach becomes inflamed. The inflammation is purulent. Pus spreads throughout the mucosa.

The cause of phlegmonous gastritis is an infection: staphylococci, streptococci, gangrene pathogens, etc.

This disease develops slowly, but always manifests itself suddenly: chills, fever, vomiting with pus, blood, and sometimes bile. This condition requires immediate surgical intervention.

With advanced diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, fecaloid vomiting may occur. Its cause is intestinal obstruction.

Associated symptoms include weakness, heaviness, and abdominal pain. The bloating of the abdomen is visible to the naked eye - the intestines stick out, rumbling is heard in it.

When feces appear in the vomit, an urgent need to call a medical team: only urgent surgical intervention can save the patient's life.

The cause of vomiting with feces can be bowel cancer in the last stages - in this case, the operation will not help.

Diagnosis and treatment

To determine the cause of the phenomenon, the doctor collects an anamnesis. The task of the specialist will be to find out how long ago vomiting began and how often it occurs, whether the patient's condition is relieved, whether nausea is associated with food intake, whether there are impurities in the vomit, what is their volume.

The doctor collects data on previous diseases and operations, recent weight changes and conducts a general examination of the patient: measures the temperature, examines for rashes and seizures, measures the pulse, respiratory rate, pressure, checks reflexes and the degree of dehydration.

Blood and urine tests are likely to be needed to find the cause of persistent vomiting. In some cases, the diagnosis cannot be made without hardware studies.

The patient may be asked to:

ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity, with which you can detect diseases of the liver, spleen and stomach;
FGDS - endoscopic examination of the stomach from the inside;
x-ray with contrast to exclude intestinal pathologies, leading to its narrowing and partial obstruction;
neurosonography (ultrasound of the brain).

To treat vomiting, it is necessary to get rid of the underlying ailment. It is not required to conduct a separate treatment for "nausea".

If the cause of the pathology is diseases of the digestive system, then the treatment will be diet and medication.

Products are steamed, excluding fatty and fried foods from the menu, which irritate the mucous membrane lining the digestive tract.

Vomiting has complications. These can be convulsions, the cause of which is the loss of fluid and the removal from the body along with the gastric contents of trace elements.

If the vomit enters the trachea, suffocation or pneumonia develops - in such cases, the gag reflex can cause death.

Recurrent vomiting damages the walls of the esophagus and tooth enamel, as acidic gastric juice comes out of the stomach along with vomit, corroding tissues.

What to do if nausea starts? First of all, you need to stop eating for a while until the nausea disappears and the general condition improves. Hunger can last from several hours to days.

It is worth trying to rinse the stomach on your own - drink a liter of a weak solution of potassium permanganate and artificially induce vomiting by pressing on the base of the tongue.

If these measures do not help, then you should immediately contact a therapist. If the patient who is in a faint vomits, then you need to ensure that he tilts his head down or turn his head to one side. After the stomach is empty, the inside of the mouth is cleaned with a wet cloth.

There are antiemetic drugs. These include Metoclopramide and Domstal - they improve the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and relieve nausea.

You can get rid of motion sickness with the help of anticholinergics and antihistamines: Diphenhydramine, Fluorphenazine, Triftazin and others.

To better endure trips in water, land or air transport, Aeron tablets are used to relieve nausea caused by motion sickness.

You can not take medication at your own discretion - this can aggravate the situation and make it difficult to make a diagnosis.

Vomiting is a symptom of many diseases, from meningitis to banal motion sickness. It is necessary to establish the real cause of nausea, only after that you can start treatment.

Vomiting is a protective reflex of the body in both an adult and a child. Together with vomit, the contents of the stomach, harmful substances are excreted. An unpleasant phenomenon can occur in case of violations of processes in the body. One-time vomiting without smell, without fever, without diarrhea is not dangerous, but if it is repeated, this is a signal of the development of the disease.

The reasons

Vomiting is a complex reflex mechanism that is coordinated by the CNS (central nervous system). Everyone has experienced nausea.

Provoking factors are divided into 6 groups:

Usually, this reflex of the body is preceded by a feeling of nausea, feeling unwell, increased salivation, a sharp pain in the stomach, and dizziness. When vomiting can occur:

damage to the esophagus;
large fluid losses associated with dehydration and leaching of minerals;
complications of concomitant disease;
aspiration pneumonia - inhalation of vomit, from which they enter the nose, respiratory tract (nighttime vomiting is a great danger);
damage to tooth enamel by gastric juice, if sudden frequent vomiting occurs, the oral cavity is not sufficiently washed with saliva.

Pay attention to nausea for no particular reason. It indicates pathological processes in the body.

Symptoms

Before a person throws up, the body starts a number of processes. Signs:

First aid for nausea

What should be done to help the body cope with vomiting, to ease bouts of nausea? Try to apply the tips:

Remember! Nausea and vomiting are not a disease, but a concomitant symptom that does not occur without a cause. If it is involuntary or continuous, then seek medical help. After identifying the cause, you can begin to treat the disease and get rid of the unpleasant phenomenon.

Diagnostic methods

An important step is the correct diagnosis, the study of the medical history. Medical examination of the patient clarifies the questions:

Time of occurrence of nausea, vomiting (before / after meals / not related to food);
The presence of pain (in the stomach, in the head);
The nature of the secretions - color, content, presence of food, blood, bile, mucus.

In accordance with the answers received, examinations are carried out: laboratory blood and urine tests, ultrasound, endoscopy, etc.

Diseases associated with nausea and vomiting

Some diseases may occur without symptoms. For example, pancreatitis in an old and elderly person proceeds with mild symptoms. Therefore, in order to diagnose the cause, it is important to undergo a complete medical examination.

Treatment

It is necessary to start treatment after establishing the exact cause and diagnosis. To cure the disease, you need an integrated approach to therapy:

What are the symptoms to urgently call an ambulance

Emergency medical attention is required if:

Persistent vomiting began after an illness associated with inflammatory processes in the body;
There are signs of dehydration;
High fever, antipyretics do not help;
Persistent pain in the abdomen;
There are signs of poisoning, causeless diarrhea;
If the allocated mass is empty, urges begin every 5 minutes without nausea, even after water;
The child vomits in a fountain at night, with no other visible symptoms;
Dizziness, fainting;
Manifestation of other symptoms of the disease.

Prevention includes proper nutrition, identifying and eliminating the causes that contribute to vomiting, preventing recurrence and complications of chronic diseases, timely seeking medical help and treatment.

Sometimes we feel discomfort, which is caused by vomiting without vomiting, a feeling of nausea, vomiting. Gagging is an unpleasant internal state that is the result of nausea. A complex reflex process - the stomach and esophagus begin to contract convulsively. Ultimately, it does not help the body get rid of the contents of the stomach.

Calls have characteristic features:

Vomiting in the morning is a common occurrence experienced by a person throughout life. Women who are in an “interesting” position complain about him in the first stages of pregnancy.

Causes of frequent retching without vomiting in an adult

Psychological impact: fear, anxiety, stress.
The manifestation of diseases associated with neuralgia.
Anomalies in the structure and work of the heart.
Girls have early pregnancy.
The result of increased intracranial pressure.
The reaction of the body to the pharmacological features of the drug.
Changes in the menstrual cycle.
Smoking and regular drinking in large quantities.

Symptoms of persistent vomiting:

The condition not only deprives an adult of rest. As an infant, a child, due to the appearance of congenital pathologies, has the opportunity to feel the manifestations of vomiting. Cause an unpleasant state due to a huge number of reasons:

the appearance of the first teeth;
eating large amounts of food;
the appearance of a feeling of nausea when traveling in transport;
congenital pathology;
diseases that interfere with normal breathing;
diseases of the central nervous system;
the result of infectious diseases;
migraine;
a side effect of diseases, fixing an increase in body temperature.

Constant vomiting is observed in a child with pyloric stenosis. The disease is manifested by a strong increase in the muscles of the sphincter of the stomach, inhibiting the movement of food into the duodenum. In the first months of life, the child literally “devours” an excessive amount of air while eating. The phenomenon is called aerophagy, is a factor in the appearance of gagging without vomiting in newborns.

Diagnostic measures associated with the treatment of vomiting:

correct and accurate history taking;
clinical and biochemical blood sampling;
examinations of internal organs.

Treatment

Drink more water.
Raise your sugar levels - eat candy, drink sweet tea.
Eat foods that do not contain fiber: soups, oatmeal, toast, cereals.
Eat more often, in small portions.
Limit your intake of caffeine.
Learn to relax - relieve the urge to vomit.
Use breathing exercises.
Practice yoga.
Rinse your nose regularly with saline, sea water, or special pharmacy drops.
Eat in the morning.
Keep track of the water-salt balance.

Nausea is a painful sensation in the epigastrium, esophagus, and oral cavity. The natural reaction of the body to adverse conditions, pathological changes in the digestive system. It is a common symptom of disease.

Types of nausea:

central - with irritation of the nerve center;
reflex - in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary system;
hematogenous-toxic reaction to the action of a substance poisoning the body.

In an adult, a feeling of nausea will occur when:

individual reaction of the body to the action of certain medications;
constant drops in arterial and intracranial pressure;
brain injuries, concussions, bruises of various forms, degrees;
strong excitement and overwork;
increased levels of adrenaline and all sorts of stressful situations.
toxicosis;
the appearance of neoplasms in the brain;
changes in the body associated with old age;
menopause;
spinal injuries;
pathological work of the muscles of the eyes;
frequent headaches;
cerebrovascular accident;
when exposed to toxic substances.

Common causes leading to nausea:

starvation;
binge eating;
manifestation of intoxication of the body;
temperature rise;
helminthic invasions;
the use of excessive amounts of sweets;
eating sweets on an empty stomach.

Symptoms of nausea:

diarrhea;
profuse vomiting;
severe weakness;
a sharp drop in blood pressure;
headache.

Diagnostic activities include:

general, clinical blood test;
blood sampling for biochemical research;
scatological, endoscopic studies;
Ultrasound, radiography of internal organs.

First aid for severe nausea

The way to get rid of the painful, strong feeling of nausea:

be in a horizontal position;
get fresh air;
with a pressure below normal, the patient needs to drink coffee or sweet strong tea;
use sedatives for stress and emotional overstrain;
use mint candy;
drink mineral non-carbonated water in small sips.

Negligent attitude, self-treatment is strictly prohibited. Take the advice of a doctor, follow his recommendations. The doctor determines the root cause, prescribes the correct treatment.

Vomiting is the result of an interaction of nausea, gagging, accompanied by emission of vomit from the body through the oral cavity. An unpleasant reflex ailment regulates the vomiting center, whose habitat is the medulla oblongata.

Vomiting is promoted by:

A gag reflex without nausea and without urge is more often recorded in children during brushing their teeth. The child pushes the brush deeper than it should, leading to irritation of the root of the tongue, contributing to vomiting.

Symptoms of vomiting:

lethargy;
dehydration;
heartburn;
dizziness;
headache;
muscle pain;
increased amount of gas formation in the intestine;
diarrhea;
profuse salivation of a sour and sometimes bitter taste;
severe sweating;
increased heart rate;
darkening in the eyes;
spasms of the intestines and stomach;
fever and chills;
yellowness of the skin and sclera;
rapid, deep breathing.

The complication of vomiting is dehydration.

Diagnosis of the gag reflex:

careful history taking;
treatment of accompanying complaints and symptoms;
clinical and biochemical blood tests;
CT scan of the brain.

Treatment for vomiting depends on the cause and includes:

seeking medical attention from a doctor;
strict adherence to the recommendations of the attending physician;
preventing the development of complications of the root cause of the gag reflex;
taking antihistamines as prescribed by a doctor.

We conclude: vomiting, a feeling of nausea, vomiting cannot be cured. It is necessary to treat the root cause - the disease that caused the disease. Showing genuine attention to the state of the body, you will be in good shape, forget about the manifestations of the urge to vomit.

The causes of vomiting in an adult are different, so it is not always possible to independently understand what caused such a reaction of the body. The very process of nausea and vomiting is a natural reflex that cannot be controlled by willpower. Nausea and vomiting appear when it becomes necessary to clean the digestive organs from toxic substances. In this way, the body itself tries to prevent the absorption of toxins and their distribution throughout the bloodstream. But there are situations when toxic substances enter the bloodstream not from the intestines, but the body still reacts to the problem. Severe vomiting can be the primary source of many complications, the first of which is dehydration. Therefore, if a person begins to vomit strongly, you need to take him to the hospital as soon as possible.

Main reasons

The gag reflex in the human body is carried out when the vomiting center is excited, which is located in the medulla oblongata. The activation of this center is carried out by chemoreceptors that respond to toxic substances that are in the bloodstream. It is worth distinguishing vomiting from regurgitation.

Nausea in an adult is divided into 2 types:

Visceral vomiting. Appears when the mucous membrane of the stomach, pancreas, tongue, soft palate is irritated.
Toxic vomiting. It occurs as a result of poisoning the body with various chemicals or appears against the background of the development of the disease.

Nausea and vomiting can be caused by:

Pathologies of the digestive system.
Diseases of the nervous system. These may be: meningitis, encephalitis, concussion, bruise or brain tumor, high intracranial pressure.
Disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system (heart attack, heart failure, hypertension).
Pathologies associated with disruption of the vestibular apparatus (Ménière's disease, labyrinthitis). Seasickness or motion sickness, for example, in transport, also causes nausea.
Disorders of the endocrine system (thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus, adrenal pathology, phenylketonuria).
Carrying a child. The first trimester of pregnancy, accompanied by vomiting, is called toxicosis, which almost every woman experiences. As a rule, starting from the 2nd trimester, toxicosis resolves on its own. But despite the fact that during pregnancy, nausea and vomiting are considered the norm, such a reaction of the body to the presence of the fetus can cause dehydration. Vomiting in the last weeks of gestation is considered a serious pathology that requires medical intervention. The causes of preeclampsia are still not fully understood. There are several theories of its development: early or late pregnancy, the presence of a chronic infection, chronic overwork, stress, previous abortions, and so on. If nausea and vomiting are accompanied by abdominal pain and bleeding, there is a threat of termination of pregnancy. Also, this symptom is characteristic of an ectopic pregnancy.
psychogenic factors. The appearance of nausea followed by vomiting is characteristic of emotional people. Such a reflex reaction of the body can occur under the influence of any psycho-emotional shock.

Some medications can also cause vomiting. The reason for this may be their overdose or intolerance to one of the components that make up the drug.

Problems of the digestive system

Most often, nausea and vomiting are provoked by disturbances in the functioning of the digestive organs, which are caused by food poisoning. But there are other more serious pathological causes.

A provocateur of a gag reflex can be: an infectious lesion of the body, an inflammatory process, functional disorders, the appearance of a tumor, etc.

If severe vomiting occurs, you should not let the disease take its course or self-medicate. Some pathologies that cause nausea and vomiting require immediate surgical intervention. Lack or delay in professional medical care can cost lives. These diseases include:

acute appendicitis;
intestinal obstruction;
acute cholecystitis;
acute pancreatitis;
peritonitis.

As a rule, along with the gag reflex, there are other symptoms:

a significant increase in temperature;
general weakness and drowsiness;
pain syndrome localized in the abdomen;
increased sweating.

The cause of the inflammatory reaction of the body, which provokes nausea and vomiting, may be:

gastritis;
the presence of an ulcer of the duodenum or stomach;
cholelithiasis;
liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatitis).

Impurities of blood or bile

In matters of diagnosis, the contents of the vomit and its smell are of great importance. If traces of red blood are present in the vomiting of an adult, then such a symptom characterizes the presence of bleeding that could open in the upper sections of the stomach, esophagus or pharynx. If bleeding has formed in the duodenum or stomach, for example, due to an ulcer, then the color will be darker (brown). The change in the shade of blood occurs due to a chemical reaction that occurs when it interacts with gastric juice. A small amount of blood may be a symptom of gastritis. For peptic ulcer and other pathologies that are associated with high acidity, the vomit content is characterized by a sour smell.

The presence of blood and foam in the vomit indicates pulmonary hemorrhage.

A residual bitter taste in the mouth after yellow or green vomiting is an indication that bile has been released from the body. There are 2 options for the appearance of such symptoms:

There was an accidental reflux of bile into the stomach and it came out along with all its contents.
Obstruction of the duodenum 12.

If the vomit contains not only bile but also pus, then one can argue about the phlegmon of the stomach or the presence of a foreign body in it.

In rare situations (but they should not be excluded either), helminths can become the cause of reflex nausea and vomiting. As a rule, such a symptom occurs when there is a large population of them in the body, so they can go out through the mouth along with vomit and bile.

The rotten smell of vomiting appears when food has been in the stomach for a long time. And if there is a smell of feces, then this is a sure sign of intestinal obstruction.

After drinking alcoholic beverages, the smell of chemicals appears, with problems with the kidneys - the smell of ammonia, and diabetes gives the vomit a pronounced smell of acetone.

What measures can be taken if the condition worsens?

If the gag reflex manifests itself often, you need to call a doctor or take the patient to a medical facility on your own. Until the moment the patient comes to the disposal of doctors, between attacks you need to drink water. Throats should be small. Excessive fluid intake at a time can provoke a repeated gag reflex. It is recommended to refuse food intake.

When vomiting cramps are severe, even a small amount of water provokes them, dehydration can be prevented. To do this, you need to put an ice cube in your mouth.

To restore the lost amount of minerals and vitamins, you need to consume a liquid that is rich in electrolytes. These drinks include:

ginger tea (you can add a spoonful of honey if there are no contraindications to its use);
still mineral water;
apple juice, previously diluted with water;
low fat broth.

Hydrovit;
Normohydron;
Electrolyte;
Regidron;
Rex Vital.

You can suppress the feeling of nausea with the help of mint. It can be consumed in the form of tea or use mint drops or lozenges.

If the adult's nausea and vomiting have stopped and there are no other threatening symptoms, you can try eating a few saltine crackers. With a favorable reaction of the body, further consumption of food should be frequent, but in small portions.

If all the symptoms have disappeared, then a diet should be followed for several days, which implies the exclusion from the diet of all foods that can irritate the digestive tract and impede its normal functionality.

When an admixture of blood is observed in the vomit, other symptoms of malaise appear, vomiting does not stop for a long time, then there is a threat to the patient's life. In such situations, professional medical diagnostics should be carried out in order to identify the provocateur that caused nausea and gag reflex. You may need hospitalization and immediate surgical intervention by the surgeon.

After providing medical care, depending on the cause of the pathology, the doctor will individually tell what to do to the patient in the rehabilitation period.

Quite often, adults have a feeling of nausea, belching, and then vomiting. The reasons for this phenomenon are many and they are quite diverse. For example, vomiting can be a symptom of intoxication or cancer, or it can be caused by a strong emotional shock. In order not to miss the onset of the development of the disease, it is necessary to establish exactly what caused vomiting.

The reasons

Taking into account the causes of vomiting, it is divided into two types: visceral and toxic.

visceral vomiting occurs due to irritation of the soft palate, tongue, pancreas, gastric mucosa. Vomiting is dangerous, provoked by the development of oncological diseases of the stomach and intestines, since in this case the motor activity of the contents of the digestive tract is disturbed. Usually such vomiting occurs after eating, and bile and blood can be found in the vomit. With advanced and severe diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, vomit may exude an unpleasant odor and be black; after such vomiting, a feeling of relief does not occur.
toxic vomiting- this is the body's response to poisoning with heavy metals, acids, alkalis, ethyl alcohol. It happens that this type of vomiting is caused by severe somatic diseases: diseases of the cardiovascular system, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure. Sometimes, with toxic exposure, an adult experiences frequent bouts of vomiting, which are accompanied by severe pain. In the vomit, green mucus, foam, blood clots are observed. In this case, the person feels dizzy, headache, weakness. Body temperature can drop sharply or, on the contrary, rise.

Diseases that cause vomiting are divided into the following groups:

Diseases of the digestive system: peritonitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, gastroenteritis, gastritis.
Diseases of the nervous system: increased intracranial pressure, brain tumor, brain contusion, concussion, meningitis, encephalitis.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system: heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension.
Violation of the vestibular apparatus and diseases of the inner ear: Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis.
Endocrine disorders: insufficient functioning of the adrenal glands, phenylketonuria, thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease), diabetes mellitus, accompanied by ketoacidosis.
Vomiting of pregnant women: observed in the first trimester of pregnancy, and is a symptom of toxicosis, or occurs in the third trimester and indicates the development of preeclampsia.
Psychogenic causes: any strong emotion or nervous shock, bulimia, anorexia.
Other diseases: pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, cystitis, past abdominal surgery

In some cases, severe vomiting can be a side effect of taking medications: Theophylline, painkillers (anelgisers), estrogen, ferrous sulfate, potassium preparations. Motion sickness or motion sickness can also cause vomiting.

What to do

In case of severe vomiting, you should immediately call a doctor. In such a state, it is recommended to completely refuse food and regularly wash the stomach. It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate if you feel severe weakness and dizziness, there was a loss of consciousness.

Drink plenty of fluids between bouts of vomiting to prevent dehydration. Moreover, it should be consumed in small sips, little by little, but often. If you drink a lot of liquid at one time, this can provoke repeated vomiting. If even a small amount of liquid causes vomiting, you can prevent dehydration by putting a piece of ice in your mouth.

Doctors recommend drinking liquids containing electrolytes when vomiting, as this will help restore the balance of minerals and vitamins. Choose drinks that are high in potassium and sodium. It could be:

apple juice diluted with water;
weak black, green, ginger tea;
still mineral water;
low-fat broth;
tonic syrups and drinks, for example, syrup Emetrol;
electrolyte solution diluted from powder Regidron, Rex Vital, Normohydron, Electrolyte, Hydrovit.

Do not drink acidic drinks during vomiting, such as lemonade or orange juice. But a spoonful of honey added to tea will only increase its effect. Sucking on mints and chewing gum will help to suppress the feeling of nausea and the subsequent episode of vomiting.

After the attack stops, try eating some saltine crackers and watch your body react. If vomiting occurs again, it is better to refuse to eat food that day. If the digestive tract responded normally to food, you can eat in small portions.

Within a few days after vomiting, you must follow a diet. The diet should not contain salty, fried, fatty, smoked foods, excessively hot and cold foods. In cases where vomiting was accompanied by diarrhea, it is necessary to exclude dairy products, as they negatively affect the functioning of the digestive tract. Compliance with the regime of the day, regular ventilation of the room helps to quickly restore strength after vomiting.

Adults often vomit. Usually before it always appears and nausea. The main causes of vomiting include diseases of the stomach, intestines, as well as blood vessels, and the heart. Sometimes vomiting can be caused by a serious brain disorder.

Types of vomiting in adults

visceral vomiting appears when the mucous membrane of the stomach, pancreas, tongue, soft palate is irritated. Dangerous vomiting, which accompanies cancer of the intestines or stomach, because of it, the motor activity of food masses can be impaired. In this situation, vomiting can be with blood, bile, most often it appears after eating. In severe and advanced cases, vomiting becomes black, has an unpleasant odor, and after it there is no relief.
toxic vomiting appears after a person has consumed life-threatening alkalis, acids, heavy metals, as well as with the abuse of alcoholic beverages. In some situations, toxic vomiting is provoked by a severe somatic disease - chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus or heart disease.
Vomiting with great pain. When the human body is exposed to toxic effects, there are frequent bouts of vomiting with severe pain in the abdomen. In this situation, vomiting changes its color - blood clots are observed, maybe with foam or even green with mucus. At the same time, an adult is very weak, his body temperature may rise or fall sharply. It also makes me feel dizzy and have a headache.

When does vomiting most often occur in adults?

In women, vomiting is most often provoked by pregnancy. An unpleasant symptom appears due to hormonal disruptions and accompanies. During pregnancy, the abdominal organs can be strongly compressed, because the uterus enlarges, as a result, food practically does not pass through the digestive tract. Nausea with vomiting most often bothers a pregnant woman after eating.

Separately, it is worth paying attention to the central vomiting, which appears with a sharp jump in blood pressure, also with a malignant tumor, as a result of an injury. in this case, constant, strong, after it does not become easier. In this situation, it is urgent to call an ambulance.

Psychogenic vomiting is often observed in young children who have hysterical character traits. It appears due to the fact that increased sensitivity in the vomiting areas.

When a person is very worried, experiences an emotional shock, vomiting appears even after a small sip of water. Some women who are overweight cause vomiting specifically for weight loss, as a result, cachexia and significant disturbances in the system organs are observed.

Vomiting in an adult can be caused by an intestinal infection, a virus. In the case of a primary lesion of the digestive organs, severe intoxication of the body can be observed. In this situation, in addition to vomiting, there is diarrhea, chills, general weakness in the body, and body temperature rises.

Methods for treating vomiting in adults

First of all, when vomiting, you must completely refuse to eat, you must constantly rinse, immediately consult with your doctor. Remember! In no case should you self-medicate if your condition has deteriorated sharply.

During vomiting, it is necessary to drink as much liquid as possible to avoid dehydration. With severe vomiting, you can not drink a lot of water at a time. It relieves the condition of a piece of ice, which must be held in the mouth for some time.

It is best to drink a liquid that contains electrolytes, so you will quickly restore the body, replenish the supply of essential vitamins and minerals. When vomiting, you need to drink as much liquid as possible, which includes sodium, potassium. It is in this liquid contains a large amount of electrolytes:

Weak tea.
Apple juice.
Low fat broth.
Purified mineral water.
Tonic drinks, syrups. Cola syrup helps to restore the stomach, it is sold in a pharmacy in the form of Emetrol. An adult should take at least 2 tablespoons. The syrup is used for stomach disorders. This is an absolutely safe drug. Often prescribed for vomiting in pregnant women.
Give up coffee, energy drinks, strong tea.
Do not abuse drinks with high acidity - orange juice, lemonade.
Ginger tea can help reduce vomiting. You can add honey to tea, so the effectiveness will only increase. Ginger candy is also recommended for vomiting. They need to be chewed in small quantities.

A cracker helps relieve vomiting. It must be consumed in small quantities, observing the reaction of the body. In the first days after vomiting, you need to pay attention to your diet. Exclude fatty, fried, salty. Chew gum, suck on mints, they are great for vomiting.

Ventilate the room! Remember, fresh air helps to gain strength and recover faster after vomiting. In the event that, in addition to vomiting, diarrhea appears, it is necessary to avoid dairy products, it negatively affects the work of the gastrointestinal tract. It is also worth giving up for a while food that is too cold or hot.

The drug Dramamine stops vomiting perfectly, it must be taken if vomiting is caused by an upset of the gastrointestinal tract, poisoning. In case of strong, an anesthetic is prescribed - Paracetamol, unlike other drugs for relieving pain, it does not irritate the stomach.

So, in order to get rid of vomiting as soon as possible, it is necessary to find out the cause of its occurrence. If the condition worsens with vomiting, it is urgent to go to the hospital.

Constant vomiting is a complex repetitive reflex act that leads to the emptying of the stomach through the mouth. Occurs when exposed to central or peripheral stimuli on the vomiting center of the brain stem. Often, vomiting indicates the presence of a serious illness that requires immediate attention.

Causes of constant vomiting

Constant vomiting occurs in acute diseases of the abdominal cavity, in this case, vomiting is preceded by nausea, often - pain in the abdomen. A characteristic symptom of acute gastritis is vomiting of bile or recently eaten food. Constant vomiting against the background of acute gastritis leads to dehydration of the body and the loss of potassium, sodium and chlorine, which causes a deterioration in the patient's condition. In acute erosive gastritis, there is a constant lingering vomiting of mucus, sometimes with blood impurities. Such vomiting is caused by acute acids and alkalis entering the stomach. With an exacerbation of the ulcer, vomiting appears, combined with pain in the epigastric region, which, as a rule, predominates in the overall clinical picture.

Persistent nausea without vomiting

In the event that there is a constant feeling of nausea without vomiting for more than twelve hours and without significant signs of diseases of the digestive system, then we can talk about the presence of the following factors:

hypertension;
heart failure;
myocardial infarction;
hypothyroidism;
violations of the functioning of the vestibular apparatus;
high blood pressure;
endocrine pathologies of the pancreas or thyroid glands.

Often, nausea without vomiting, but with dizziness and headache, is indicative of chronic migraine with aura. Such a condition accompanies the approach of an attack of the disease and can be observed for a long time - about three days, accompanied by stuffy ears, loss of vision, decreased performance and worsening sleep.

Constant nausea and vomiting

Constant nausea combined with vomiting are protective phenomena provided by nature as reflexes that are not amenable to conscious control. Vomiting and nausea help cleanse the digestive tract of substances harmful to the body, despite the fact that such substances may not be in the body from the intestines. Often in medical practice there are cases of nausea and vomiting resulting from exposure to a person of some specific smells, colors or even tastes. Constant nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of a wide variety of illnesses.

When determining the causes of the condition that has arisen, the doctor should indicate the specific time of the onset of nausea, since only in this case he will be able to name the exact cause. If you begin to feel sick immediately after eating, it seems that there are problems with the gastrointestinal tract. Often, the presence of persistent nausea in combination with vomiting may indicate gastritis, duodenal ulcer or stomach disease. Incessant nausea combined with vomiting are characteristic of diseases of the liver and biliary tract. If you notice that you start to feel sick and vomit after a particular product, you should exclude it from the diet.

Persistent vomiting and fever

Constant vomiting is often accompanied by fever and this combination is characteristic of a number of diseases. In most cases, we can talk about intoxication - food poisoning of the body. This mainly applies to children who want to taste a lot of what they see.

Vomiting in combination with fever can indicate a variety of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, pathological conditions of the esophagus, the onset of a stomach ulcer, a flaccid state of the sphincter, diseases of the small intestine, etc.

A possible cause of persistent vomiting in combination with fever is a deviation from the therapeutic diet prescribed by the doctor.

The cause of constant vomiting with fever can be unreasonably large consumption of indigestible and fatty foods, as well as overeating. Even if the stomach is completely healthy, it may not be able to cope with a large amount of food.

The reason may lie in the effect of stress on the body, since the body, which is in tension caused by stress, is sometimes unable to cope with the digestive process.

Vomiting and diarrhea constantly

The combination of vomiting and diarrhea rarely occurs. If each symptom is taken separately, then it is designed to cleanse the body of all kinds of bacteria that cause a painful condition, toxins and other adverse factors. Of course, there is nothing pleasant in the manifestations of diarrhea or vomiting, but they help to cleanse the body, thereby healing it. If both of these symptoms appear simultaneously and constantly, we can talk about very serious disorders and problems that occur in the body of a sick person.

Often these symptoms are accompanied by fever, sometimes reaching 39 degrees with general weakness and dizziness. The combination of all of the above factors suggests that food poisoning is taking place. This means that you should not only take more water, but also thoroughly rinse the stomach in order to get rid of the toxins that caused this condition. Taking a large amount of liquid will protect the body from dehydration, activated charcoal helps to restore the salt balance in the body. Vomiting combined with diarrhea will cause significant relief. If, after constant vomiting and diarrhea, the patient feels empty, a long sleep will help restore strength.

Constant vomiting after eating

Quite often, but not always, vomiting is preceded by nausea. Vomiting can occur as a result of infectious lesions of the intestine, psychosomatic disorders, food and alcohol poisoning, traumatic brain injury. By the nature of vomiting, one can judge the reasons that caused it.

Often vomiting can occur after the next meal, and this phenomenon can take on a permanent character. This usually occurs as a result of diseases of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and a medical examination is required to prescribe the correct method of treatment. In most cases, this is due to diseases of the duodenum and stomach. Each meal causes discomfort and heaviness in the stomach area, nausea gradually begins, subsequently turning into vomiting.

Constant vomiting after eating may be associated with brain disorders or brain diseases. If such vomiting is regularly accompanied by pain in the head, fever, dizziness and general weakness, you should contact a specialist for examination and treatment.

Constant vomiting, what to do?

With persistent vomiting, the following basic principles of treatment tactics apply:

symptomatic drug therapy, carried out in order to limit vomiting, involves the use of antispasmodics, such as no-shpa, a two percent solution in an amount of two milliliters, anticholinergics, in particular atropine, a solution of 0.1% in an amount of one milliliter. Metoclopramide is also effective, which normalizes all motility of the gastrointestinal tract. All of these drugs are used intramuscularly and intravenously. If, with persistent vomiting, all of the above remedies are ineffective, the appointment of antipsychotics should follow.
if intoxication occurs, detoxification therapy should be used, which contributes to the normalization of the functioning of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
the nature of the course of the underlying disease allows you to determine whether it is worth hospitalization. If there is persistent vomiting of blood, the patient must be immediately taken to the surgical department. Before he can be taken to the hospital, he needs strict bed rest and all available hemostatic measures.

What happens if you constantly vomit

Before inducing vomiting after eating, or in other situations, in order to lose weight or for some other reason, it is worth thinking carefully about whether it is worth doing this at all? What are the consequences of such actions? How dangerous is such an action for health? It's actually dangerous, and very dangerous. First of all, this has to do with those who, by such methods, are constantly trying to maintain an ideal figure, keeping increasing weight within the framework. This practice becomes a habit and over time it is very difficult to get rid of it. The result is a psychological addiction and a disease called bulimia. The consequences can be very deplorable - instead of a healthy appearance, you can get a dystrophic figure, with abnormal pallor and a hysterical warehouse of the human psyche. He understands that there is simply nowhere to lose weight, but he simply cannot stop. This type of people causes only sympathy and it is best for them to undergo treatment by a neurologist as soon as possible. Thus, you need to think not about how to constantly induce vomiting artificially, but about whether it is worth doing it at all.

Minor ailments are not uncommon during pregnancy. Some of them are caused by a change in your condition, others can be caused by negative environmental influences.
Nausea and bouts of vomiting, which are caused by early toxicosis, accompany most pregnancies to one degree or another. These phenomena are unpleasant, but if they do not lead to malnutrition of the expectant mother, she does not lose weight, her body is not threatened by dehydration due to frequent vomiting, this condition does not require medical intervention.

Most experts consider morning nausea to be a completely normal phenomenon that accompanies the onset of pregnancy, since it is quite explainable by the restructuring that has begun in a woman's body. Active production of hormones, increased load on the liver of the expectant mother - all this is the cause of morning sickness. As a rule, the condition of the expectant mother improves significantly by the 10-12th week of pregnancy, when the placenta begins to function.

Complications. Severe vomiting can lead to the development of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances (usually hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis), relatively rarely accompanied by ruptures of the esophagus - partial (Mallory-Weiss syndrome) or complete (Boerhaave syndrome). Long-term vomiting can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, and metabolic disorders.

Causes of nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting occur in conditions of irritation of the center of vomiting. Immediate causes may affect the level of the gastrointestinal tract or the central nervous system, or be observed within the framework of systemic diseases.

The most common reasons:

Gastroenteritis.
The impact of drugs.
Exposure to toxins.

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a relatively rare disorder characterized by severe repeated attacks of vomiting or nausea alone that occur at variable intervals; at the same time, it is not possible to detect any structural changes in the period between attacks. This disorder is most commonly seen in children (mean age of onset 5 years), with a tendency to go into remission as they get older. SCR in adults is often associated with long-term use of marijuana (cannabis extract).

Nausea (nausea) and vomiting (vomitus) occur most often by neuroreflex when the stomach is irritated, especially the pyloric region, and the nearest organs - the beginning of the duodenum and jejunum, the lower esophagus, pharynx with acute gastritis, with esophagitis and pharyngitis (morning mucous vomiting of alcoholics ), etc. Violation of the movement of food and chyme, stagnation and reverse peristalsis especially often lead to nausea and, to a certain extent, expedient vomiting. Characteristic is vomiting of pure gastric juice in peptic ulcer, especially in duodenal ulcer, which brings relief and is often artificially caused by the patient himself; further vomiting during constriction of the pylorus, which occurs rarely (as opposed to irritable vomiting in acute gastritis), usually once a day, and empties the stomach from stagnant masses. Reflex vomiting is observed in diseases of various organs, primarily the intestines and peritoneum with appendicitis, helminthic invasion, with colic - hepatic, renal, uterine, tubal-ovarian. Vomiting can also be of central nervous, including cortical, origin, with toxic irritation of the vomiting center (uremia, alcohol poisoning, carbon monoxide, digitalis, sulfonamides, apomorphine, ipecac; however, with uremia, alcoholism, the action of sulfonamides, one cannot deny the local irritation of the stomach), with an increase in intracranial pressure (tumors, meningitis, acute blood filling of the meninges), with damage to the semicircular canals. Cerebral vomiting is characterized by the absence of nausea, probably more closely related to the antiperistalsis of the stomach and intestines. Habitual nervous vomiting without anatomical changes can reach a degree of indomitable and lead to death from exhaustion and self-poisoning. Vomiting of pregnant women probably occurs with the participation of endocrine changes (the effect of the pituitary gland on the stomach) and nervous factors. Reflex and central nervous vomiting is more easily caused in women and children, especially with frequent repetition of the vomiting act. The practical diagnostic value of nausea and vomiting, as well as methods of treatment, can be very different in each individual case.

Causes of vomiting without nausea:

Intracranial tumors.
The patient is asked if he suffers from headaches, double vision; check whether the gait is disturbed.
Increased intracranial pressure.
Important signs: nystagmus, swelling of the nipple of the optic nerve, pathology of the cranial nerves.
Encephalitis.
Meningitis.
Migraine.
Periodic vomiting.
Vomiting usually recurs every 2 to 3 months and occurs in children, adolescents, or young adults. It often accompanies migraine. With such vomiting, beta-blockers sometimes help.

The vomiting center is localized in the medulla oblongata near the centers that control breathing and salivation (for this reason, vomiting is combined with hyperventilation and increased salivation). The center receives signals from the chemoreceptors of the trigger zone located in the area of the bottom of the IV ventricle, in the area postrema. The area postrema is supplied with blood from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and there is no blood-brain barrier.

The trigger zone is the site of application of the action of certain drugs that cause vomiting, in addition, it receives information from the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, peritoneum and heart through afferent fibers:

The feeling of nausea appears to be generated by the passage of impulses along the same pathways responsible for the feeling of fullness, so nausea is usually accompanied by anorexia.
It is necessary to distinguish between vomiting and belching (the latter occurs without effort, i.e. without the participation of the muscles that provide vomiting movements; it usually gives a sour or bitter sensation in the mouth and is not accompanied by nausea).

Medicines that cause nausea and vomiting

Opiates, digoxin, levodopa, ipecac, cytotoxic agents (affect the chemoreceptor trigger zone).
Antibiotics (tetracyclines, metronidazole, erythromycin). Sulfonamides (including mesalazine).
Acetylsalicylic acid, NSAIDs (damage the gastric mucosa and can stimulate the vomiting center through ascending afferent influences).
Alcohol (acts directly through the chemoreceptor trigger zone and through damaging effects on the gastric mucosa).

Symptoms and signs of nausea and vomiting

The following signs are of particular importance:

signs of hypovolemia;
headache;
signs of irritation of the peritoneum;
bloating, severe tympanitis. Interpretation of results. Many signs are characteristic of certain causes of vomiting.

If vomiting occurs shortly after ingestion of a drug or toxic substance, or sudden changes in body position, in the absence of significant changes on neurological examination and abdominal evaluation, vomiting is most likely to be explained by these factors. The same applies to cases of pregnancy - in the absence of pathology according to the examination. With the acute development of vomiting and diarrhea in an initially practically healthy patient and the absence of significant changes according to the examination, there is a high probability of infectious gastroenteritis; further examination can be delayed.

Vomiting that occurs at the thought of food or is not associated in time with eating suggests a psychogenic cause, as does the presence of functional nausea and vomiting in the anamnesis of the patient himself or his family members. You should ask the patient in more detail, because. he himself may not be aware of this connection or even admit that he was experiencing a state of stress.

Survey. All women of childbearing age should have a urinary pregnancy test. In case of severe vomiting, vomiting lasting more than 1 day, the presence of signs of dehydration, according to the examination, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests (in particular, to evaluate the content of electrolytes, urea nitrogen, creatinine, serum glucose, conduct a urine test, in some cases - liver tests). If there are signs of anxiety, the examination plan is based on the corresponding clinical manifestations.

Chronic vomiting usually requires these laboratory tests, as well as upper GI endoscopy, small bowel x-ray, gastric emptying, and antroduodenal motility studies.

Examination for nausea and vomiting

It is usually easy to decide on a list of blood tests, their set is based on anamnesis, as well as on the results of a previous examination:

In a general blood test, anemia is sometimes detected. The development of iron deficiency is possible with peptic ulcer or malignant tumors with ulceration, as well as with pathology of the small intestine, an increase in MCV is typical for situations with alcohol abuse, vitamin B 12 deficiency or folic acid.
The concentration of urea and electrolytes can change both due to vomiting (at the same time, the content of K +, Na + decreases, hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis develops), and due to the underlying primary kidney dysfunction - it is advisable to check the calcium concentration, and also determine the biochemical parameters of liver functions. To rule out acute pancreatitis, immediately send blood to determine the activity of amylase.
Diagnosis can be aided by upper GI endoscopic examination, especially if done to rule out peptic ulcer or other mucosal changes, bile reflux. Endoscopy provides little information for diagnosing functional disorders. In this regard, an x-ray contrast study is much more effective, with its help, stasis in the upper gastrointestinal tract and narrowing are detected.

Anamnesis. The history of the present illness helps clarify the frequency of episodes of vomiting and their duration; connection with possible precipitating factors, such as exposure to drugs or toxins, traumatic brain injury, body movements (travel by car, plane, ship, riding a carousel); the presence in the vomit of an admixture of bile (bitter taste, yellow-green color) or blood (red color, “coffee grounds”). Significant accompanying symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. It is necessary to evaluate the time of the last bowel movement and gas discharge, the presence of headache and / or systemic dizziness (vertigo).

Assessment of the state of various systems is aimed at identifying signs of conditions that may be accompanied by vomiting, for example, amenorrhea and swelling of the mammary glands (during pregnancy), polyuria and polydipsia (during diabetes mellitus), hematuria and pain in the lateral abdomen (during urolithiasis).

Past medical history helps to identify conditions that may be associated with vomiting, such as pregnancy, diabetes, migraine, liver or kidney disease, cancer (necessary to establish the timing of chemotherapy or radiation therapy), and previous abdominal surgery (which may serve cause of adhesive obstruction). It is necessary to clarify what medications and substances the patient has taken recently; certain substances may not be toxic for several days (eg, acetaminophen, mushroom poisons).

Consideration should be given to indications of recurrent vomiting in other family members.

Physical examination. When assessing vital signs, the presence of fever and signs of hypovolemia (tachycardia and / or hypotension) are noted.

On general examination, the presence of jaundice and skin rash should be noted.

When examining the abdomen, attention should be paid to bloating, scars after previous operations; assess the nature of peristaltic noises (normal, enhanced); conduct percussion to assess tympanitis; on palpation, assess pain, signs of peritoneal irritation (symptom of muscular protection, rigidity, the phenomenon of "rebound soreness" (Shchetkin-Blumberg symptom)), the presence of volumetric formations, an increase in the size of organs, hernias. Rectal examination and transvaginal examination (in women) reveal local tenderness, volumetric formations and blood discharge.

A neurological examination assesses consciousness, the presence of nystagmus, signs of meningism (symptoms of Kernig and Brudzinsky), ophthalmological symptoms characteristic of increased intracranial pressure or subarachnidal hemorrhage (retinal hemorrhage).

Make your life easier

First of all, find out which taste sensations and smells cause the most violent reaction in your body. Most expectant mothers react negatively to the smell of gasoline, cigarette smoke, various perfumes and detergents, as well as the smell of roasted coffee and the aroma of freshly brewed coffee. Avoid "meetings" with them, spend in a well-ventilated area, and perhaps nausea will not bother you during the day.

In order to make the morning not so gloomy - and, as you know, bouts of nausea most often occur in the morning, on an empty stomach - follow a certain ritual of getting up. The best way to relieve your condition right now is a light breakfast in bed. Ask someone from your family to take care of you or take care of yourself - in the evening, put a plate of crackers or cornflakes on the nightstand next to the bed, put an apple. These products are usually well accepted by the stomach and do not cause nausea. Choose foods that you enjoy, such as a light fruit salad, yogurt, or boiled eggs.

Throughout the day, you should eat small meals 5 to 6 times a day. Drink plenty of fluids - acidic fruit juices diluted in half with water help many women, although you may prefer lightly salted tomato juice. Helps to relieve an attack of nausea and rinsing the mouth with mint decoction or water with a little lemon juice.

Look for your remedy - a small mint candy, a slice of lemon or a crust of rye bread can be a real salvation.

The increased load on the liver requires special attention to this organ. Now in your diet must be present animal proteins. Eat lean meats, cottage cheese, and mild cheese. Avoid broths, fried, fatty and spicy, canned foods.

Your doctor may recommend that you take vitamin B6 to alleviate your condition. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, ascorbic acid and betacarotene have proven themselves well (take only as directed by a doctor!). But you don’t need an additional intake of iron yet, moreover, iron-containing drugs can increase the manifestations of toxicosis.

At home, you can prepare infusions of herbs that have a beneficial effect on the mucous membrane of the digestive system and the functioning of the stomach, liver and biliary tract: valerian root, peppermint, calendula and chamomile flowers will help.

Aromatherapy can also help, for example, the beneficial effects of the smell of ginger on women have been proven.

Treatment for nausea and vomiting

Treatment of identified diseases and dehydration is carried out. Even in the absence of severe dehydration, intravenous infusion (1 liter of 0.9% saline solution; in children at a dose of 20 ml/kg of body weight) should be carried out, which often helps to reduce symptoms. In adults, various antiemetic drugs are effective (Tables 7-6). The choice of one or another remedy depends on the underlying cause and severity of vomiting.

As a rule, apply:

for motion sickness (motion sickness): antihistamines and / or scopolamine in the form of a patch;
with mild to moderate symptoms: prochlorperazine or metoclopramide;
in severe, refractory vomiting and vomiting during chemotherapy: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.

With continued vomiting, it is necessary to prescribe drugs parenterally.

In psychogenic vomiting, establishing a trusting relationship with the patient involves understanding the discomfort that the patient is experiencing and working together to alleviate the symptoms, whatever their cause. Comments such as "you're fine" or "it's an emotional problem" should be avoided. A short trial course of symptomatic antiemetic therapy can be done. With long-term observation of the patient, regular follow-up visits to the doctor contribute to the resolution of the underlying problem.

Causes of vomiting outside of pain syndrome

Infectious:

Viral gastroenteritis.
Food poisoning; possibly an HP-related infection. Other infections, including inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract and pneumonia in the elderly.
Viral labyrinthitis.

Mechanical obstruction:

Pyloric stenosis, duodenal obstruction in cancer of the stomach or pancreas. Esophageal carcinoma.
Biliary reflux, especially if previous gastric surgery or gastroenterostomy has been performed.

Alcoholic gastritis:

A common cause of belching in the early morning hours. Belching is usually mild, often with an admixture of blood.

Acute liver failure:

For example, with an overdose of paracetamol (paracetamol poisoning), acute fatty degeneration of the liver of pregnant women

Metabolic causes:

Addison's disease (if such a suspicion arises, efforts are directed to the search for postural hypotension, pigmentation of the mucous membranes).
Elevated or normal content of K is of particular importance, since vomiting in a typical case, the concentration of potassium in the blood decreases.
The possibility of hypercalcemia, uremia and hyperthyroidism must be considered.
Up to 30% of patients with diabetes occasionally experience episodes of nausea and vomiting.

Many medications are prescribed for nausea and vomiting. They should be used with caution, bearing in mind that they all give side effects.

Basic provisions

In many cases, the causes of vomiting are obvious, when examining the patient, significant deviations are not detected; only symptomatic treatment is sufficient.
It is necessary to be vigilant about the possibility of having an acute abdomen syndrome and a dangerous craniocerebral pathology.
Patients of childbearing age should be evaluated for possible pregnancy.