All my life these two objects go side by side, and they always surprise me with their dissimilarity. On the one hand, both are just a reduced version, and on the other hand, they represent a whole layer in the history of development.

True, you also need to be careful here. After all, standard globes are thirty or even eighty million times smaller than a real planet, so the area covered by a finger can include several islands or even countries.

So if you seriously decide to find out where it’s best to go, then you should use a globe made for the Paris Exhibition of 1889. It is only slightly smaller than the globe. Like a million times. You can't go wrong here.

Of course, it appeared much later than cards, but managed to gain its share of popularity. Having been first made in 1492, it managed to be useful both for navigation and for school teaching, although recently it has been used much more often as a teaching tool.

It should be noted that the name Globe did not appear by chance, although whoever came up with it was not distinguished by wild imagination. Globe is translated from Latin as ball. Yes, just a ball - succinct and understandable.

Only one question remains unresolved. If you take a globe and a map with the same thing and stick the map on the globe, will the mountains and rivers match? Curious? Well then you can try it. Although it is better to ask the teacher first.

The earth is an exact copy of the globe (joke)

Our Earth is one of eight planets in the Solar System. The Earth moves at a speed of 107,159 kilometers per hour around the Sun. At the same time, it rotates like a top around its own axis at a speed of 1,670 kilometers per hour (speed at the equator). The journey from Earth to space will pass through a layer of nitrogen and oxygen approximately 1,600 kilometers thick. This layer of air is called the atmosphere. Thanks to the atmosphere and gravity, we do not feel the rotation of the Earth.
The Earth receives temperature and light from the Sun. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second. The Earth is approximately 150 million kilometers from the Sun; so the beam of light travels through space for about 8 minutes before reaching Earth.
The globe represents our Earth in miniature. Because the globe has three dimensions, like the Earth, it displays true sizes, shapes, distances, and directions. Maps and atlases, because they are flat and have only two dimensions, show the Earth with distortions. It is impossible to represent a round object on a plane without distortion.
Some globes (relief) show raised surfaces (which represent mountains) and indentations (sea depressions). There is an element of distortion here. We must understand that the highest mountain on Earth (Everest, height 8,840 meters) should be like a grain of very fine sand on a globe 30 centimeters in diameter, the deepest depression in the ocean (11,022 meters, Mariana Trench) should be shown as a dent equal to the thickness of tissue paper.
For a good understanding of geography and astronomy, for a more intellectual understanding of news received from other parts of the planet - nothing can compare with a globe in terms of relevance. The globe should be in every home, every school classroom and every library.

Shape and size of the Earth

The globe is a perfectly round ball, but the Earth itself is slightly flattened at the poles. The technical term for the shape of the Earth is geoid. The following diagram shows the differences in some of the Earth's measurements. These differences show that the Earth is not a perfect sphere:

The total surface area of ​​the globe is 510,072,000 square kilometers. The proportion of land surface is about 30% (148,940,000 square kilometers). Approximately 70% of this area (361,132,000 square kilometers) is covered by water.

Many people not only study, but also become interested in geography and astronomy. These are really very interesting sciences. Especially if you have everything you need for a fun and visual learning experience. For example, today it is very easy to find online 3D model of the solar system. Which will allow you to observe the movements of the planets, the movements of satellites and other space objects.

Today we will look at a slightly different service. This is a 3D Earth globe online. Who will be interested in it? First of all, to those people who love to directly observe our planet, but also do not forget to admire the beauty of the surrounding space.

How to launch the online application “3D Earth Globe”

Finding this very interesting, visual and effective application is very simple - just use the help of our website, which is ready to offer you to go to the address.

If everything was done correctly, a three-dimensional image of our home planet will appear on the monitor screen, surrounded by stars and illuminated by the Sun.

Working with a 3D online world globe is very easy:

• It is enough to move the computer mouse to change the viewing angle of the celestial body.
• There are several additional options for displaying our planet. To do this, just use one of them. To select, just click on the required option, which is located in the upper right corner of the screen.

We have all seen the globe, but do we know everything about it? In this lesson you will learn a lot about the globe model. Get acquainted with the ideas of ancient people about the appearance of the Earth. Learn about Magellan's discovery of the spherical shape of the Earth. Consider a model of the globe - a globe, and find out which lines on the globe are called meridians and parallels, why they are needed, what the equator is and where the prime meridian lies. You will learn about the history of the creation of globes and their huge variety.

Topic: The planet we live on

Lesson: Globe - model of the globe

The correct idea of ​​the Earth and its shape did not develop among different peoples immediately and not at the same time, but people relied primarily on myths. Some peoples believed that the Earth was flat and supported by three whales that swam in the vast ocean.

Rice. 1. Mythical representation of the globe

The ancient Indians imagined the Earth as a hemisphere, held by elephants standing on a huge turtle.

Rice. 2. Indian representation of the globe

In ancient times, people believed that if you walked for a very long time in one direction, you could get to the place where the sky meets the earth. Of course, man wanted to know what was beyond the edge of the Earth. People had many questions that the idea of ​​a flat Earth did not answer. For example, why does a ship, moving away from the shore, disappear from view? Why does the horizon expand when you climb to a higher elevation?

Rice. 3. A ship moving away from the shore

Rice. 4. Hill

The Portuguese navigator led an expedition consisting of five sailing ships. They set off from the shores of Spain to the spice islands (the Moluccas and Philippine Islands) for pepper, cloves, and cinnamon - these spices were very expensive in Europe.

Rice. 5. Ferdinand Magellan

Rice. 6. Kupang - Kai Archipelago (Moluccas)

Rice. 7. Palawan, the fifth largest island of the Archipelago, is located to the west, away from the main part of the Philippine Islands.

The journey was very difficult: the first sailing ship crashed on the rocks, the crew of the second returned home halfway, the third sailing ship became so dilapidated that it had to be burned, the crew of the fourth was captured, and Magellan himself died. Three years later, the sailing ship Victoria, which means victory, reached its native shore. This was the expedition that made the first known trip around the world and proved the correctness of the assumption that the Earth is spherical. And we owe this great discovery to the famous sailor Ferdinand Magellan.

To better imagine the appearance of the Earth, people created its model - globe(from Latin globus - ball), which has the same shape as the Earth, only many times smaller.

Rice. 8. Globe model

Using a globe, it is easy to imagine the spherical shape of the Earth. Why do we say spherical and not sphere? Artificial satellites have helped to obtain accurate knowledge of the shape of the Earth. While flying around the Earth, the satellites constantly sent radio signals - messages about their distance from the Earth.

Rice. 9. Satellite orbiting the Earth

Using these signals, special electronic machines determined the flight altitude of the satellites, and writing devices helped “draw” the shape of the Earth. It turned out that our Earth is not a regular sphere - it is slightly flattened at the poles. The globe is fixed on an axis, but our planet rotates around an imaginary axis. Please note that the point where the axis leaves the globe from above is called North geographic pole(from Latin polus - axis), and the lowest point - South geographic pole of the Earth.

Rice. 10. Rotation of the Earth around an imaginary axis

If you look at the globe more closely, you will see that circular lines are drawn along its surface. They help determine the exact location of various earthly objects. Lines on a globe or map, conventionally drawn along the surface of the Earth from one pole to another, are called meridians(from Latin meridianus - midday). The direction of the shadow from objects at noon coincides with the direction of the meridian at a given point on the earth's surface. The meridian can be drawn through any point on Earth, and it will always be directed from north to south. All meridians have the same length. Mentally traveling along any meridian, you will definitely find yourself either at the northernmost point of the earth - the North Pole, or at the southernmost point - the South Pole. Zero conditionally considered meridian, which passes through the oldest astronomical observatory in the city of Greenwich in the UK.

Rice. 11. Greenwich Observatory.

It was recognized as initial by a special international agreement in 1884. Before this agreement, each country called the prime meridian the one that passed through its capital. For example, in Spain the countdown began from Madrid, in Italy - from Rome. In Russia, for a long time, the Pulkovo meridian, which passed through the main astronomical observatory of the country, which was founded near St. Petersburg, was considered the zero meridian.

Observat O Riya(from Latin observo - I observe) is a scientific institution where observations and studies of weather, atmosphere, and astronomical bodies are carried out.

Rice. 12. Pulkovo Observatory.

The Greenwich Prime Meridian divides the globe into Western and Eastern Hemispheres.

Rice. 13. Western and Eastern Hemisphere

At an equal distance from the poles runs a conventional line called equator(from Latin aequador - equalizer). The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres. At the equator, day is always equal to night, and the Sun is at its zenith twice a year - on the days of the spring and autumn equinox.

If we look at the globe from above, we will see the Northern Hemisphere and the North Pole, and from below - the South Pole and the Southern Hemisphere. Our homeland Russia is located in the Northern Hemisphere.

Parallel to the equator on globes and maps are drawn parallels(from the Greek parallelos - walking alongside), they are all directed from west to east.

The longest parallel is equator, the length of other parallels decreases towards the poles, and at the pole the parallel turns into a point. Intersecting, parallels and meridians form a degree grid.

Rice. 14. Northern and Southern Hemisphere

It is known that a model of the globe was first built by the custodian of the Pergamon Library, Crates of Malossus, in the 2nd century. BC, but, unfortunately, it has not survived.

Rice. 15. Globe of Crates

The first earthly globe that has come down to us was made in 1492 by the German geographer and traveler Martin Beheim (1459-1507). Beheim placed on his model, which was called the “earth apple,” the world map of the ancient Greek scientist Ptolemy. Naturally, this globe was missing a lot of objects.

Rice. 16. “Earth Apple” by Beheim

Later, globes became very popular. They could be seen in the chambers of monarchs, in the offices of ministers, scientists and merchants. Pocket globes in special cases were intended for travel. Medium-sized globes made for offices were often equipped with a mechanism that set them in motion, rotating them around an axis.

In the past, globes were installed on ships, but now on spacecraft.

Some globes exceed human height, and they contain not only colorful maps of the surface of the Earth or sky, but also information about different countries, plants and animals, and the hills are made convex.

1. Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. The world around us 3. M.: Ballas.
2. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around us 3. M.: Fedorov Publishing House.
3. Pleshakov A.A. The world around us 3. M.: Education.

1. Festival of Pedagogical Ideas ().
2. Shack.ru ().
3. Planet Earth ().

1. Take a regular thread and determine the length of the various meridians on the globe. What can you say about them? (They are the same length).
2. Use a thread to determine the length of the parallels. What can you say about them? (The largest parallel is the equator. The length of the parallels decreases towards the poles).
3. Which parallels are the shortest? (These are the North and South Pole).
4. Answer “yes” or “no” to the following statements:

1) On the globe you can see the finest lines covering the surface of the globe. (Yes)

2) These lines are imaginary; in fact, they are not on the earth’s surface. (Yes)

3) The lines that connect the North and South Poles are called parallels. (No)

4) The lines that connect the North and South Poles are called meridians. (Yes)

5) All meridians intersect at the North and South Poles (Yes)

6) The longest meridian is the equator. (No)

7) The equator is the longest parallel. (Yes)

8) The equator divides the globe into two hemispheres - Northern and Southern. (Yes)

9) The equator is a line that divides all meridians in half. (Yes)

10) The smallest parallels are the North and South Poles of the Earth. (Yes)

11) All meridians of the Earth have different lengths (No)

12) All meridians of the Earth have the same length. (Yes)

According to the stories of astronauts, there is no more beautiful and bewitching picture than the view of the Earth from space. When you look at a small ball consisting of white clouds, brown earth and blue water, it is impossible to take your eyes off...

Today we will look at several cool online 3D Earth globes, which you can use directly from this page. They are all interactive and you can interact with them. There is no need to download and install additional programs like Google Earth, etc. - just open this page in your browser and enjoy.

Photorealistic 3D Earth globe

This is a three-dimensional model of the world, on which photo textures obtained by NASSA satellites are stretched.

You can spin the ball in different directions by holding down the left mouse button. Rotating the mouse wheel up increases the viewing scale, downwards - on the contrary, decreases it.

At maximum zoom, the textures become blurry, so I recommend that you do not get too carried away with scaling.

The blur is due to the fact that the model uses low-resolution photographs. Otherwise, loading them in the browser would take too long.

This 3D globe allows you to see our planet almost the way astronauts see it. Well, or close to it :)

Virtual globe of the Earth

This is a three-dimensional interactive virtual globe on which the borders of states, names of cities, regions, settlements, etc. are indicated.

This 3D model of the world does not have raster textures, like the previous one, but vector ones, so here scaling can be done down to individual buildings. At maximum magnification there are even house numbers and street names.

Historical globe

It demonstrates how our ancestors saw our Earth at the end of the 18th century. Its authorship belongs to the famous geographer and cartographer Giovanni Maria Cassini, and it was published in Rome in 1790.

It is also fully interactive, you can twist, rotate, zoom in or out of the map. Looking at it, you understand how much the world has changed in just 200 years, and how many events were behind it all...

And here is the actual globe itself (1790), from which this online 3d model was made:

Finally, a stunningly beautiful video about what the Earth actually looks like from space:

Friends, share your impressions, opinions and ask questions in the comments!