Reader's tip: Five proven ways to learn French. Article and possessive pronouns

M.: 2007. - 336 p.

The new generation self-instruction manual is addressed to those who have not previously studied French and want to master it quickly and independently. The manual includes 12 lessons of an introductory course aimed at mastering the rules of reading and pronunciation, 20 lessons of the main course devoted to vocabulary and grammar, lesson dictionaries, French-Russian and Russian-French dictionaries, a short grammar reference book, exercises varying degrees difficulties with keys. The self-instruction manual is equipped with an audio application on CD containing texts and dialogues voiced by French speakers, as well as a color insert illustrating the regional study materials of the lessons. An accessible and step-by-step presentation of the material, explanations in Russian, and an effective self-control system make the manual indispensable for both children and adults - for those who have never studied languages ​​or think that they have no ability for them. After completing the entire course, the reader will be able to communicate in French in typical situations, read French texts of average complexity and not fall into an awkward position due to ignorance of French customs and norms of linguistic behavior.

Book

Format: djvu

Size: 5.5MB

Download: drive.google ; RGhost

Audio CD

Format: mp3/zip

Size: 31.7 MB

Download: drive.google ; RGhost

CONTENT
To readers 3
How to work with this book 4
INTRODUCTORY COURSE
Lesson 1 Sounds [a], [r]. [b], [t], [d], [f], М, [m], [n] 6
Consonants at the end of words 7
The letter e is at the end of words. French accent. French Vowel Clarity 8
Double consonants 8
Sound [g] 8
Lesson 2
Sound [E] 10
Sound 11
Lesson 3
Sounds [s], [z] 12
Lesson 4
Sound [e] 13
Unmitigation of French consonants 14
Lesson 5
Sound [i] 17
Silent letter h 18
SoundSh 19
Consonants at the end of words 20
Lesson 6
Sound [k] 20
Sound [g] 21
Sound [e] 22
Lesson 7
Sound [oe] 23
Sound [e] 24
Runaway [e] 26
Lesson 8
Sound Shch 27
SoundI 28
Sound [a:| 29
Lesson 9
Sound [o] 30
Sound [y] 32
Sound [ts] 33
Lesson 10
Sound [Ё] 34
Sound [byo] 36
Lesson 11
Sound [o] 37
Sound 39
Sound [i] 41
Sound [w] 42
Lesson 12
Sound [a] 43
Sound IrJ 45
French alphabet 47
MAIN COURSE
Lesson 13
Dialogue 48
Grammar: Revolution c"est 48
Understanding the subtleties of language 50
Lesson 14
Dialogue 51
Grammar:
Word order in a declarative sentence.
Pronouns il, elle 51
Pronoun sa 52
Question expressed using intonation 52
Preposition a 53
Understanding the subtleties of language 54
Lesson 15
Dialogue 54
Grammar:
Unstressed personal pronouns as subjects 55
Present (present tense of verbs). Verbs of group I 56
Special conjugation verb etre 57
Designation of profession and occupation 58
Understanding the subtleties of language 58
Lesson 16
Dialogue 59
Grammar:
Negative form of verbs 60
Question for the whole sentence (general question) 61
Imperative 63
Indefinite article female ipe. Definite article feminine article 1a 64
Gender of adjectives in singular 65
Preposition de 67
Understanding the subtleties of language 67
Lesson 17
Dialogue 68
Grammar:
Indefinite article male ip. Masculine definite article 1e. Articles plural 69
Plurals of nouns and adjectives 70
fused forms definite article with prepositions a and de 72
Some verbs III groups and special conjugation verb avoir 73
Question for addition, circumstance, definition 75
Understanding the subtleties of language 79
TEST 1 79
Lesson 18
Dialogue 80
Grammar:
Verbs of group III (continued). Verb special aller conjugation 82
Adverb 85
Comparative degree of adjectives 86
Special forms of comparative degree of adjectives 87
Comparative degree of adverbs 88
Special forms of comparative degree of adverbs 88
Turnover 89
Interrogative adjective quel 90
Prepositions 91
Understanding the subtleties of language 92
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 93
Text I. Respectez le code de la route! 93
Text II. Un touriste et un Parisien 93
Text III. Uneenquete 94
Lesson 19
Dialogue 95
Grammar:
Pronoun on 97
The preposition de after words denoting the quantity 99
Verbs of group III (continued). Special conjugation verb faire 99
Word order in combinations of nouns and adjectives 102
Superlative adjectives 103
Special forms of superlative adjectives 104
Superlative adverbs 104
Special forms of superlative adverbs 105
Adjectives denoting color 105
Designation of days of the week 106
We comprehend the subtleties of language....107
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 108
Text 1. Le Pont-Neuf 108
Text II. La Rose et l"Epine 109
Lesson 20
Dialogue 110
Grammar:
Partial article 112
Replacement of indefinite and partial article on the preposition de in negation.... 113
Turnover il fant 114
Possessive adjectives denoting one possessor 115
Verbs of group III (continued) 117
Cardinal numbers. Counting from 1 to 10 118
Ordinal numbers 119
We comprehend the subtleties of language....120
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 121
Text I. Une entrecote 121
Text II. Dans un restaurant 121
Text III. Un client difficile 124
Lesson 21
Dialogue 125
Grammar:
Constructions with the word tout ....127
Verbs of group III (continued) 129
Verbs of group II 130
Possessive adjectives denoting multiple possessors 130
Stressed (independent) personal pronouns 131
Adverb ep 132
Count from 11 to 60 133
Designation of months and dates 134
Weather symbol 135
We comprehend the subtleties of language.... 137
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 138
Text I. Quelle saison est la plus belle? 139
Text II. La lune ou le soleil? 139
Text III. Dans la montagne 140
Lesson 22
Dialogue 141
Grammar:
Futur immddiat (near future tense) 143
Personal pronouns (unstressed) as objects 145
Demonstrative adjective ce 147
Count from 70 to 100 148
Age designation 149
Word to aunt 149
Subordinating conjunction qne 150
We comprehend the subtleties of language....151
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 152
Text I. Le petit frere 152
Text II. Les projets d'avenir 153
Text III. Un nouvel apartment 154
TECT2 155
Lesson 23
Dialogue 156
Grammar:
Passe immediat (nearest past tense) 159
Reflexive verbs 160
Negation with words rien, jamais, personne 162
Time designation 163
Account from 100 to 1,000,000 165
Date designation 166
We comprehend the subtleties of language....167
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 168
Text I. L "emploi du temps 168
Text II. Le lever et le coucher dusoleil 169
Text III. Quand on ne se parie pas, on s"ecrit 169
Etes-vous attentif (attentive) ? 170
Lesson 24
Dialogue 171
Grammar:
Futur simple (future simple tense) 173
Use of tenses after the conjunction si 175
Pronouns qui, que 176
How to answer a question containing a negative 177
Features of conjugation of verbs of group I 178
Understanding the subtleties of language 179
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 180
Text I. Projets de dimanche 180
Text II. Histoire de peche 1 181
Text III. Histoire de peche 2 182
Etes-vous attentif (attentive) ? 183
Lesson 25
Dialogue 184
Grammar:
Passe compose (past complex tense) 187
Participe passd (past participle): education 189
Interrogative form of past complex verbs 190
Negative form of past complex verbs 191
Possessive pronouns 192
Adverbs ending in -ment 194
We comprehend the subtleties of language.... 195
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 195
Text I. Dans le taxi 195
TeKCTlI.Al"hotel 197
Text III. Les jeunes maries a l"h6tel 198
Etes-vous attentif (attentive) ? 198
Lesson 26
Dialogue 199
Grammar:
Passe compose (past complex tense) (continued) 202
Demonstrative pronouns 204
Place of two object pronouns on a verb 206
Pronouns ep and y 207
Restrictive structure ne... que 208
We comprehend the subtleties of language....208
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 209
Text I. Dans un magasin de chaussures 209
Text II. Dans un grand magasin ....210
Text III. Dans le rayon de pret-a-porter 211
Etes-vous attentif (attentive) ? 211
Lesson 27
Dialogue 212
Grammar:
Imparfait (past incomplete tense) 215
Using the past complex tense and the past incomplete tense 218
Pronoun dont 220
Pronouns lequel, auquel, duquel 221
Understanding the subtleties of language 223
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 224
Text I. Vacances au Sahara 224
Text II. Voyage de noces 225
Text III. En vacancies 225
Etes-vous attentif (attentive) ? 226
TEST 3 228
Lesson 28
Dialogue 230
Grammar: Plus-que-parfait (long past tense) 234
Futur dans le passe (future in the past) 237
Coordination of times 238
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 241
Text I. Le rhume 241
Text II. Chez le dentiste 242
Text III. Pas encore de resultat 243
Savez-vous compresserle texte? 243
Lesson 29
Dialogue 245
Grammar:
Direct and indirect speech 248
Indirect question 249
Passive form of verb 253
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 255
Text I. Le carnet de notes 255
Text II. Le controle rate 256
Text III. Pour etonner les copains 257
Savez-vous compresser le texte? 258
Lesson 30
Dialogue 259
Grammar:
Subjunctive (subjunctive) 262
Subjonctif present (present time subjunctive mood) 264
Subjonctif passe (past subjunctive tense) 266
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 270
Text I. Une etudiante japonaise a Paris 270
Text by P. Un top model a Paris 271
Text III. A la gare de Lyon 271
Savez-vous compresserle texte? 272
Lesson 31
Dialogue 273
Grammar:
Conditionnel 278
Conditionnel present 278
Conditionnel passe (past tense of conditional mood) 279
Using tenses after the conjunction si (continued) 280
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 283
Text I. En Auvergne 283
Text II. Dans un chateau d"Alsace 284
Text III. La lune provencale 285
Savez-vous compresser le texte?. 285
Lesson 32
Dialogue 287
Grammar:
Participe present (present participle) 291
Participe passd (past participle) (continued) 293
Gerondif (gerund) 294
sans + construction indefinite form verb 295
Let's laugh and expand our vocabulary 297
Text I. Au commissariat de police..297
Text II. Au service militaire 298
Text III. Au tribunal 299
Savez-vous compresser le texte? 299
TECT4 301
Final test 304
KEYS TO 306 tests
French-Russian Dictionary 310
Russian-French dictionary 336
Quick Grammar Guide 360

A textbook of the French language for beginners: “A self-instruction manual for the French language. Practical course Study guide. (+2 Audio CD)"

“Tutorial of the French language. Practical Course" - French for beginners, published under the editorship of German authors - Peter Ilgenfritz, Gertraud Schneider, Annika Gloczin-Kerjan is intended primarily for those who would like to learn to speak French without wasting time and money on a tutor. This course contains all the necessary basics in order to master the language as quickly as possible: spelling and phonetics are discussed in detail, as well as the most important grammatical terms and their essence. This textbook can become an assistant not only to schoolchildren, students, graduate students, course participants, businessmen, entrepreneurs, but also to anyone who is interested in learning the language.

For easier learning, the course is systematized as follows: for beginners and those improving their knowledge; selfeducation and training with the help of a tutor; a living language used in everyday life. Also present detailed analysis grammar, as mentioned above, exercises to test knowledge and better assimilate it, and answers to exercises so that the student can check how well he has learned new material. The clarity and structure of drawings and tables contribute to the rapid assimilation of material through visual and verbal-logical memory. 2 CDs with audio will help you correctly pronounce and formulate auditory perception speech.
The practical course has been specially revised, referring to the experience of the authors who worked with the previous edition, to speech situations that are most often encountered in everyday life. This textbook contains 30 lessons, and each of them contains text, grammar information, a chapter “Country Studies and Word Usage,” which talks about some facts from the history of the language; exercises aimed at improving speaking; There is also a small dictionary, including 2000 words. This type of course organization is good for working in groups with fast learning curves. The first 10 lessons, located in the phonetics section, are devoted to correct pronunciation and contain corresponding reading exercises. The application contains a minimum vocabulary specific to each lesson, an alphabetical list of words and the number of the lesson containing the word; here is a table of correct conjugations regular verbs.
The course is practical, allows you to get acquainted with the basic language structures and means of expression, and develop competent and fluent speech.
Download the textbook “Tutorial of the French language. Practical course Study guide. (+2 Audio CD)" is available on this website.

This material was sent to us by our regular reader Sanzhar Surshanov (his Twitter @SanzharS), who shared very in interesting ways learn a new language for you.

Since the beginning of this year I started learning French. I do this with the help of the English language, since I began to speak English confidently, one might say I found the key to numerous Internet resources.

Below I would like to list and describe how I learn French:

1. Duolingo

The site was founded by the creators of CAPTCHA and RECAPTCHA, students of Carnegie Mellon University. By the way, every time you enter recaptcha, you help digitize thousands of old books. The main idea is for people to simultaneously learn languages ​​and translate the Internet into different languages.

All material is divided into different categories.

After you finish the exercises, you will be given real material taken from the Internet for translation. At first simple sentences, as you study, more and more complex. By translating sentences you strengthen your knowledge and help translate web pages. You can also look at the translations of other users.

Exercises include text translation, speaking, listening. There is no emphasis on grammar as such.

In addition to French, you can study Spanish, German, English, Italian and Portuguese.

Audio lessons go like this: 2 students come to him who don’t know French. It turns out that you become the 3rd student. Michelle talks to the students and this is how they learn the language. He explains the difference between English and French, first talks about new words, then asks to translate from English into French.

The main difference and rule of the Michel method is no need to try to memorize words, phrases, etc.

I don’t know how to explain, but after the first lesson, on an intuitive level, you yourself begin to guess how it will be in the language you are learning.

I personally really like this method.

3. Memrise

To replenish vocabulary I use the memrise website.

You can find a lot of different courses on the site, you can even learn Morse code. I'm learning - Hacking French.

By learning new words, you are “growing flowers.” Plant seeds, water, etc.

The main trick is that you create memes for unfamiliar words and make an association with English language. I did not create the memes themselves; I use the creations of other users.

You grow flowers something like this: first, remember the meaning of the words, then repeat them several times. Click on the correct answer, write the translation yourself, and while listening to the phrase, select the correct answer from the list. This ends the first part.

After 4-5 hours, you receive a notification via email that you need to repeat what you have covered. Repeat the above; if you make a mistake in the translation, the word is repeated. This is roughly how it all happens.

4.News in slow French

Thanks to Twitter, I just recently found a link to another wonderful resource.

A very cool site for learning French - newsinslowfrench.com/french-for-beg... They have a grammar for beginners and News in slow french for intermediates

I will not write which group of languages ​​French belongs to, what it is similar to, etc. – you can easily find this information on the Internet. I will summarize some of the features that I encountered while studying French, and which you will sooner or later learn about if you take up grammar. I will not give rules and exceptions to them. I’ll just tell you in my own words how I see the French language. The description does not pretend to be complete, since I am just learning French. I was looking for a similar introduction for beginners when I first took up French. I hope that this article will help you get an idea of ​​whether it is difficult to learn French and estimate the “labor costs”.

Alphabet

The Latin alphabet consists of 26 letters. There are letters with diacritics: Àà Ââ Çç Èè Éé Êê Ëë Îî Ïï Ôô Ùù Ûû Üü Ÿÿ. Diacritics are superscript and subscript characters that are used to show that a letter has a different pronunciation or to distinguish words with the same spelling but different meanings. For capital letters, diacritics can be omitted (allowed). For lowercase letters, the absence of a diacritic will be a spelling error. In common parlance, letters with diacritics are called axantami(About how to write Windows axants. About how to write Mac OS axans.)

In addition, in French there are two ligatures: Ææ Œœ. Æ comes across very rarely and only in foreign words. I haven't come across a single word like this yet :) Œ - much more often. (About how to write œ.)

Reading rules

The French language has very clear reading rules. Having mastered them, you are likely to correctly read even an unfamiliar word. It is unusual for us that many letters at the end are not pronounced and many combinations of letters give only one sound. But you quickly get used to it. The stress is always placed on the last syllable spoken.

There is such a thing as “linking”, this is when unpronounceable letters are pronounced or change their pronunciation in the flow of words.

(To be honest, I didn’t memorize the reading rules. I just took an audio course with interlinear translations. I listened to it and followed the text. The reading rules, as they say, “took care of themselves.”)

Offer

The structure of the sentence is quite simple: the subject is followed by the predicate.

• Adjectives are usually placed after the noun. In some cases, the adjective comes before the noun.
• Adverbs are usually placed after the verb. Either at the beginning or end of a sentence.
• Compound sentences are connected using the words “what”, “because”, “which”, “where”, “when”, etc. There are features with que/qui. At first I thought it was “who” and “what,” but it turned out that everything is a little more complicated. (About the use of que and qui)
• There are constructions similar to our participial/participial phrases.

Interrogative sentence

Formed by standard scheme, using an auxiliary word or standard phrase. The rules are simple. Or you can use intonation questions - the French will understand you, but from a grammatical point of view it’s not always beautiful :)

Gender of noun and adjective.

Nouns are masculine and feminine. The gender does not always coincide with Russian :) You have to memorize, or “guess” the endings of the words. (On how to “guess” the gender of a noun.)

The adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun. From a masculine adjective you can form a feminine adjective according to the rules. Although there are some exceptions here too.

Declension of nouns

There is no declension of nouns as such in the French language; prepositions are used to express the usual cases.

Plural of nouns and adjectives.

The plural is formed according to the rules. They are quite simple and not difficult to remember.

Article and possessive pronouns

A noun must be preceded by either an article (definite or indefinite), or a possessive pronoun (my, yours, yours, etc.), or a numeral (one, two...)

The article and possessive pronoun agree in gender and number with the noun. The numeral “one/one” also agrees in gender.

When used with some prepositions, the preposition and the article merge.

Pronouns

As in the Russian language, there are many pronouns: personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, etc. What you need to know is that they have various shapes depending on gender and number.

Adverbial pronouns en and y

There are no direct analogues for these pronouns in Russian. Because in some cases they play the role of an adverb, then en = de là (from there), y = là (here, there, there), and in some cases they play the role of a pronoun - then they replace some complements or whole sentences.

Adverb

There are adverbs:

• places (here, there),
• certain time (today, yesterday),
• indefinite time (often, early, late),
• quantity (many, few),
• mode of action (bad, good, together) and
• adverbs formed from adjectives by adding –ment. (The rules for adding –ment depend on how the adjective ends.)

Adverbs that refer to the entire sentence and adverbs of place and time are placed at the beginning or end of the sentence and are usually separated by a comma.

Most other adverbs are used after the verb. No commas required.

Comparative and superlative adverbs

It is formed according to the rules using auxiliary words (analogue more, less, etc.). There are some exceptions with established comparatives and superlatives.

Numerals

It’s unusual that 70 in literal translation will be 60 + 10 :), and 80 – 4*20 :) and the like. But you get used to it pretty quickly.

Verbs

Verbs are one of the most frustrating parts of the French language because verbs have to be conjugated. All verbs are divided into regular and irregular.

The majority of regular verbs. All new verbs that appear in modern French belong to the regular verbs of the 1st group (ending in –er). Regular verbs of the 2nd group end in –ir. In French grammar textbooks, other groups of regular verbs are also distinguished, but in Russian French textbooks, all other verbs are simply classified as the 3rd irregular group of verbs.

Regular verbs are good because they are conjugated according to the rules :) Irregular ones need to be memorized. (This, of course, is unpleasant, but on the other hand, in the Russian language you need to master not only the conjugation of verbs, but also the inflection of nouns and adjectives :) Which, in my opinion, is an order of magnitude more difficult :)

The conjugation of a verb depends on the person of the noun with which it is used.

Faces in French are almost identical to Russian ones. The only difference is in the 3rd person plural. The French divide “they” into “they are masculine” and “they are feminine.” If there are both men and women in a group of people, then it will be “they are masculine.”

Negations

They are formed according to the rules using particles ne…pas or ne…<отрицательное слово>. Everything is quite transparent. In colloquial speech ne can be omitted, although this is not grammatically correct.

Reflexive verbs

Like Russian, French has reflexive verbs, in our country they end in –sya, -tsya, and in French they begin with the reflexive pronoun se-, s’-, which agrees in gender and number when conjugated.

Tenses and moods

There are present tense (1 piece), several past tense forms (5 pieces) and several future tense forms (3 pieces).

Why so many? Well, with the present everything is clear (1 - Présent) How to distinguish between “I went to the museum as a child” and “I went to the museum yesterday.” In French, walked and descended are the same verb, but the tenses will be used differently (2 - Imparfait and 3 - Passé composé). If we need to show that an action took place in the past before certain events, then we use another past tense (4-Plus-que-parfait).

Similarly with the future tense “I am going to go” and “I will go” - will be different time, and we will use the same verb (5 – Futur composé and 6 – Futur simple). If some event occurs in the future before another action in the future (7 – Futur antérieur).

The two remaining past tenses are not used in colloquial speech, only in literature (8 - Passé simple and 9-Passé antérieur). The first of them serves for narration in the past tense, the second is used in subordinate clauses to show that one action precedes another.

(It is quite possible that I have not listed all tenses, since I have not mastered all of them at the moment.)

It may seem that you will have to memorize 9 (by the number of tenses) * 6 (by the number of singular and plural persons) for a total of 54 forms of one verb. And this is only in the indicative mood, but there is also the subjunctive and imperative and passive voice. But in practice everything turns out to be much simpler. Since many tenses are formed using auxiliary verb in the appropriate form + participles.

In some tenses/moods the participle will differ between masculine and feminine.

In general, as I already said, verbs and tenses/moods are the most difficult. But I can’t say that it’s completely incomprehensible.

I talked to people who learned French in the “pre-computer era”. They really had difficulty with verbs. You come across some form in a book and don’t know how to translate it, because in the dictionary the verb is given in the infinitive. I had to rummage through conjugation tables or, “unwinding” the rules, “look for” the infinitive. Nowadays it’s easy to find out the infinitive using Internet services and electronic dictionaries. And this problem no longer exists. For these purposes I use leconjugueur.com, which is also available from the site (form on the right side of the site).

Punctuation

Punctuation is somewhat different from Russian. In particular, some punctuation marks are preceded by a space. (Introduction to French punctuation.)

So, a short summary

The main difficulties of the French language:

• nouns, adjectives, pronouns have different forms depending on gender and number;
• verb conjugation, tenses and moods;
• written French (due to the fact that many combinations of letters form one syllable, and the endings are not pronounced, writing is more difficult than reading and speaking)

Advantages of the French language:

• transparent rules of pronunciation and reading, no need to remember the transcription of each word
• simple sentence construction
• a lot of words familiar in Russian and English
• a bunch teaching aids, courses, dictionaries, audio courses, etc. (Where to find French textbooks.)
• prevalence of the language: France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, many African and “island” countries.