Types of dogs. Service, decorative, hunting, sledding. Description of breeds. What kind of service dogs are there? Breeds and their characteristics What kind of service dogs are there?
It has an ancient history, both in our country and throughout the world. The impetus for its development was the need for animals that could become excellent helpers for humans in any life situations, and they became service dog breeds.
Use of service dogs
Service dogs were necessary for humans not only in performing heavy physical work, but also in other more complex activities that require endurance, strength, a keen sense of smell, innate courage, dedication, and ingenuity. All these qualities are found in abundance in service dogs. This is how guard dogs appeared. In ancient times, large dogs were used as fighting or fighting dogs, but nowadays the use of such dogs is peaceful. The need for herding dogs, guide dogs, and guardian dogs is growing.
Service dogs also help people in searches for ore and gas, drugs and earthquake victims under the rubble of buildings, therefore, thanks to their innate fine sense of smell, they never lose track. And although the work of service dogs is often invaluable in many areas of human activity, they are increasingly becoming simply human companions, fulfilling their most important calling - “a dog is man’s best friend.” Maintenance of a service dog The owner of the dog must be responsible for the maintenance of such an animal.
Any large working breed dog living in the city should be well trained. Otherwise, its owner will constantly be subject to criticism from others, as their lives may be in danger. Almost all service dogs need training, general and then professional. Additionally, every owner should be aware that a service dog cannot achieve breeding class unless it has completed at least one training course. To maintain good physical shape, a large and strong dog needs regular long walks and the opportunity to frolic without a leash in the open air. A well-balanced diet plays a very important role in raising such dogs, which requires significant costs. Such dogs require more labor-intensive maintenance, and cannot be just entertainment or a fashionable “toy” for the owner.
Types of service dogs
In modern dog breeding, Caucasian Shepherds and collies, which have long been popular, are in fashion. Before you buy such a dog, think about what guides you when choosing a breed? Have you thought about everything? The puppy grows quickly and if the apartment is small, then in just a few months it will be difficult for him to find a place so that he does not disturb anyone, since he is a representative of a large breed. A young, healthy and inquisitive animal will not lie on the bedding for a long time. Remember, to achieve closer contact with the animal, the dog owner must choose the right temperament for his friend, otherwise mutual understanding will not be achieved. A calm, dignified St. Bernard or Newfoundland will irritate an overly energetic person, and conversely, it will be very difficult for a phlegmatic person to spend even a few hours in the company of an active and cheerful collie or Airedale. Thus, the choice is made.
You have purchased a dog with which you can easily take a walk later, or calmly entrust your child, or be confident in the safety of your household possessions. The choice has been made. How not to make a mistake? Need expert advice.
In Russia, for example, ten types of service dogs are used.
These are five shepherds: Shepherd dogs - German, Scottish, Caucasian, Central Asian and South Russian, and other guard breeds: - black terrier, Moscow watchdog, Airedale terrier, Giant Schnauzer and Rottweiler.
Other breeds, either due to climatic conditions or simply due to the lack of appropriate traditions, are used in European countries. In Russia, such breeds are called sports and service breeds and they, as a rule, are bred by amateurs.
The most famous service dogs are shepherds
They are bred to herd sheep, which is reflected in their name. However, these dogs have long successfully mastered many other canine specialties. The German Shepherd is a universal and very popular dog all over the world. She is amenable to any special training and can successfully perform any other service. These are beautiful black and tan dogs. They have a classic appearance: a proudly set head, erect ears and a long saber-shaped tail. The coat of such dogs is very thick, short, and fits tightly to the skin, which makes it possible to use the dog for keeping in open spaces. Undoubtedly, the resemblance to the wolf gave rise to the widespread belief that this breed arose directly from these forest predators.
The height at the withers of a German Shepherd is 56-66 cm. For a long time, only one type of breed was bred - the Eastern European, lighter and larger. This dog can be used for any application and you will always be happy with it.
In recent years, three domestic shepherd dogs have become especially popular - Caucasian, SAO and South Russian. These dogs are in great demand abroad and are actively transported from Russia in the form of a rare souvenir. The most widely known is the Caucasian Shepherd. This dog, raised in the mountains of Georgia as a shepherd, turned out to be invaluable for guard duty. In cities, a huge, very strong, fluffy dog is bought for protection.
A shepherd dog can let strangers into the house, but not let them back out. But a Caucasian Shepherd dog should not be adopted by a person who has not previously owned dogs. By nature, the Caucasian is a rather closed and angry animal with a closed character, and it is necessary to achieve his obedience and become an unquestioned authority for him so that he becomes a reliable and loyal friend for you. The South Russian Shepherd is not just a piece of white shaggy hair, it is a strict and independent dog. The appearance of a good-natured phlegmatic person is very deceptive. The dog trusts strangers, but is very attentive and vigilant, which is why the Crimean khans trusted it to graze their flocks. This is an excellent shepherd and a good friend.
Central Asian Shepherd Dogs There are two types - smooth-haired and long-haired. These slow-moving dogs tolerate heat well, but in open areas they must be protected from direct sunlight. Two or three dogs can protect a huge herd, so only at first glance it seems that she is slow and lazy. The path to the heart of this breed is not easy; it recognizes only the owner who truly loves it.
Collie - Scottish Sheepdog. Its origin is the south of England. She has a wonderful character - easy-going, cheerful and affectionate. This is a dog with a very fine mental organization: you cannot shout at it, it is easily offended by the owner’s injustice, and is well versed in all the nuances of relationships among family members. The collie requires attention not only during feeding and walking. She loves to be talked to and stroked. Its luxurious, rich and attractive coat requires regular grooming - brushing. Collie is a wonderful watchman, a good nanny for children, and a smart guide for the blind. She can learn any dog specialty, as she has a rare intelligence and universal natural talent.
Among the approximately four hundred currently known service breeds, two new, recently bred breeds have appeared.
This is a black terrier and a Moscow watchdog.
Black Russian Terrier– a large dog with thick, slightly curly hair. These hardy, physically strong dogs are obtained by crossing an Airedale Terrier, a Giant Schnauzer and a Rottweiler. The breed combines such qualities as courage, malice, and extraordinary intelligence. The owner of a black terrier must be an experienced dog handler who does not allow the dog to get the better of him and is able to provide him with proper training. An unsurpassed watchdog, the black terrier is also suitable for other jobs that require fine sense, strength and courage.
Moscow watchdog- the result of a successful crossing of a St. Bernard and a Caucasian Shepherd. The dog inherited his appearance from good-natured rescuers, and his strong and unbending character from a Caucasian, which allows him to successfully fulfill the duties of a guard dog.
Doberman and Schnauzer are working breeds descended from ancient jackal-shaped dogs that have a common ancestor - the German Pinscher, which is little known outside its homeland and resembles a miniature Doberman.
Doberman is an excellent service dog with well-developed muscles. He can, with appropriate training received in adulthood, overcome fairly high obstacles. Character - fast, hot-tempered, but not aggressive. This is a black or chocolate colored dog with a beautiful, streamlined body. The Doberman is aggressive towards its own kind and is the first to start a fight. As a watchman he has no equal, but can successfully perform other duties.
The Giant Schnauzer is a dog for the whole family. She is ready to help everyone and in everything: carry a heavy bag of shopping, play with children, in the absence of the owners she can be a watchman, she always tries to please the owner, showing him her sociability and friendliness. She loves to play ball on the green lawn, willingly takes part in all family events and gets used to riding in the car without any problems. The dog's coarse coat does not require special care; only trimming is necessary once every six months - plucking out dead outer hair. A dog is obedient by nature, but it is not a toy, and it needs to be raised correctly, then it will become a worthy friend and companion for your family.
Among terriers, there are only two breeds of dogs that are unconditionally service dogs. These are the Black Terrier and Airedale Terrier, which is close in origin to the Giant Schnauzer and Doberman, and in later ancestors to the English Terrier, which is the common ancestor of all terriers in general.
The Airedale Terrier is an ideal dog for keeping in an apartment. Relatively small in size, cheerful "terriers" have a perky, playful and flexible character, innate ingenuity - the combination of these qualities makes the Airedale a wonderful friend. A person who acquires this breed becomes attached to it for life. The Airedale Terrier's coat, like the Riesen's, requires the same care. This terrier was bred in England. A reliable watchman, a detective dog, a guide dog, a nanny dog - this is not a complete list of possible Airedale professions.
Great Danes are dogs descended directly from fighting dogs that took part in the legendary battles of ancient times. Each of the five species described below is completely individual, and it is sometimes difficult to believe that, for example, the boxer and the Newfoundland have a common ancestor.
Great Dane- one of the largest dogs on Earth. Its smooth coat can be colored in different ways. These proud and majestic animals are very sensitive to climate, catch cold easily and must be protected from drafts and sudden temperature changes. The dog is selflessly devoted to its owner. She guards the apartment well. Her light, non-capricious character makes her the ideal friend of every person who loves animals. The dog independently establishes contacts with each family member; it does not like falsehood and hypocrisy.
Rottweiler– the dog is angry and phlegmatic, but with a good reaction. At home in Germany, in ancient times, it was used as a powerful heavy truck. But its remarkable intelligence, reckless courage and rare sense of smell made the dog used in other canine specialties. Now the Rottweiler works mainly as a search dog and as a guard dog. Existing prejudices against Rottweilers are completely unfounded - they simply do not like new acquaintances and they obey only their owner.
Boxer- a charming service dog with an expressive muzzle that displays all shades of mood - she is helped in this by a short docked tail, which looks simply funny. The Boxer retains its puppy character for a long time, but already in early childhood it learns the basic commands. This red dog with a white chest and a black “mask” can become a loyal friend and reliable protector.
Saint Bernard- a charming giant, red and white, calm disposition. He is faithful to his master, for whom he is ready to follow “even to the ends of the earth.” Sometimes long trips can be tiring for him. The famous St. Bernard's main profession is a rescuer in the snowy mountains. He is successfully engaged in this work to this day. The shaggy, thick coat protects the dog from the cold. He loves people and has a fantastic sense of smell, which allows him to successfully find victims under a deep layer of snow.
The Newfoundland is also a lifeguard, but on the water. This giant swims and dives well. Luxurious fur, completely black or white with black spots, and a good disposition make this breed the most attractive, which is why it is increasingly being bred in areas without natural bodies of water. But try not to forget about the animal’s natural needs; take your dog out for a swim in some body of water several times a year. These dogs love children very much and are passive but optimistic by nature.
We talked briefly about different service dogs, of course, this is not the entire list of service dog breeds, if you definitely decide to have such a companion, then you will not regret it, because service dogs are considered both assistants and companions.
Service dogs a group of breeds of domestic dogs of various origins, used for shepherding, sledding (harness), guard, search and other types of service. At S. s. The instinct to protect the owner, his belongings, and his home is well developed. The vast majority of S. s. angry, distrustful of strangers, well trained. Herding dogs are used mainly in livestock farms for herding and protecting herds of sheep, cattle, pigs, reindeer and sika deer from predators. Sled dogs, which make up sleds, serve as one of the means of transport in the Far North (average load per dog is 40-50 kg, team speed up to 15 km/h). Guard and search dogs are used to protect state borders, military, industrial and economic facilities, search for criminals, search for minerals (as part of geological exploration expeditions), as well as for special (sanitary, communications, mine detection, etc.) services in the army. To S. s. include: Sheepdogs (including Collies ,
Hungarian Commander, Kuvasz, Puli, Pumi ,
Slovakian Chuvach, Polish Podhalian Shepherd Dog, Yugoslav Sorplanina, German Hovawart, English Bobtail, Belgian Groenendael, Tervuer, Malinois, French Bosseron and Briard, etc.), Northeastern Laiki, Airedale Terrier, Doberman Pinscher ,
boxer, bulldog and others Great Danes, Rottweiler, Giant Schnauzer, Saint Bernard, Newfoundland (diver), Mastiff, Moscow watchdog. Large and vicious mongrel dogs that have undergone special training can be used as service dogs. There are about 100 breeds of S. s. in the world, more than 20 of them are bred in the USSR. Lit.: Mazover A.P., Breeding in service dog breeding, M., 1960; Dog breeding guide. 2nd ed., Leningrad, 1973. A. P. Mazower.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what “Service dogs” are in other dictionaries:
WORKING DOGS, a group of breeds of physically strong, hardy and courageous dogs with keen hearing and sense of smell, intended for shepherding, security guard, search and other types of service. Service dogs have long been used in all countries... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Service dogs- Service dogs, a group of different breeds of dogs that provide practical assistance to humans. They have a well-developed instinct to protect the owner, his things, and his home. Most S. s. malicious and distrustful of strangers, well trained. Their… … Encyclopedia "Animals in the House"
SERVICE DOGS- a group of domestic dog breeds. origin, used for shepherding, riding (harness), guard, search and other types of service. At S. s. The instinct to protect the owner, his belongings, and his home is well developed. Most S. s. evil... ... Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary
Service dogs- specially trained dogs are used for search, guard, guard and other purposes. The breeds selected for this purpose are S.s. They must be easy to train, have a developed sense of smell and hearing, endurance and unpretentiousness. IN… … Border Dictionary
service dogs- service dogs, a group of breeds of domestic dogs of various origins, used for herding, sledding (harness), guard, search and other types of service. At S. s. The instinct of protecting the owner, his belongings, and his home is well developed. Agriculture. Large encyclopedic dictionary
DOGS- DOGS. There are more than 300 breeds of dogs, varied in their characteristics, properties and nature of use. According to the nature of their use, dogs are divided into hunting, service and decorative. Hunting dogs (huskies, greyhounds, hounds, burrowing dogs, pointing dogs,... ... Concise Encyclopedia of Housekeeping
Domestic (Canis lupus f. familiaris), mammals of the canine family. Distributed throughout the globe. Descended from a wolf. Apparently domesticated in the Mesolithic (Stone Age, 13th–7th millennium BC). In the process of domestication and... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Service dogs- SERVICE DOGS, used during the war. On the basis of existing schools, departments and service dog breeding clubs, 168 different dogs were formed. dept. detachments, battalions and regiments that had S. s. In action the army consisted of 69 platoons and 36... ... Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia
Domestic mammals of the wolf family. Descended from a wolf. The beginning of the domestication of dogs dates back to the Mesolithic. Over 400 breeds: distributed everywhere. The science of dogs cynology. * * * Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), mammals... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Specially trained dogs, which, according to the nature of their service and the nature of their training, are usually divided into search, guard, guard, messenger, sled, sanitary and sabotage dogs. During the Great Patriotic War S. s. used to fight... Dictionary of emergency situations
Books
- Service dogs, A. S. Matychenko. The author introduces the reader to a dog in the service of a person: he introduces in detail the upbringing, maintenance and breeding of dogs in service kennels, shares his own experience and observations. IN…
American Pit Bull Terrier.
The past of the American Pit Bull Terrier, which developed on the basis of dogs in the bulldog and terrier type, is closely connected with dog fighting. Pit bulls, with their tenacity combined with great physical strength, have no equal in the dog world. The rich fighting past of the breed deserves attention. The United Kennel Club recognizes the pit bull as an independent breed, and in no case as a mixed breed of fighting dogs. In America, the American pit bull terrier has always been loved, and deservedly so, but there were people who made capital by using the pit bull for illegal dog fights and other illegal purposes. In connection with these circumstances, a campaign was organized against the pit bull, which resulted in a real “witch hunt” and swept the entire country. All means were used, and dark times came for the breed. This was facilitated by descriptions of individual accidents involving pit bulls, replete with cruel details. The future of the breed was in jeopardy. Common sense, however, prevailed: people realized that accidents can be blamed on anyone, just not the dog. Oddly enough, the reason for the cruel reprisals of the “little robber” lies in the fact that he too zealously strives to please his master. The American Pit Bull Terrier copes excellently with various duties, provided that the owner raises him correctly: he can guard and herd livestock, hunt, work in the police and destroy rodents.
At first glance, the American Pit Bull Terrier gives the impression of a strong, passionate and tireless dog. A rough head with wide cheekbones and powerful jaws reveals a dog with a strong grip. A powerful neck with well-developed muscles smoothly transitions into a deep, wide chest, fraught with an explosive temperament. Movements are free. The length of the body is slightly greater than the height at the withers - 46 - 56 cm. Weight can vary even among dogs of the same height - 14 - 36 kg, but more often 16 - 25 kg. The coat is short, close-lying, shiny. All colors are acceptable - solid and with markings. The ears are set high and may be cropped short. American Pit Bull Terrier puppies sometimes have their tails docked, but this is not recognized by the United Kennel Club.
A mischievous smile, a determined look, endless pleasure in bringing joy to the owner - these are the qualities inherent in the American Pit Bull Terrier and have awakened in people many conflicting feelings, like no other breed of dog. But this is not a misanthropic or cannibal dog at all: the natural aggressiveness of the American Pit Bullier is aimed at other dogs and animals, and not at humans. This is truly an excellent companion, but only for an experienced dog owner!
The American Pit Bull Terrier is a guard dog, a bodyguard dog, a sporting dog, and a companion dog.
On one of the Flemish tapestries of the seventeenth century you can see the image of a dog whose appearance exclusively resembles a boxer. However, boxers did not yet exist at that time and this drawing, most likely, is only a figment of the artist’s imagination. At least that's what dog breeding historians say. The Boxer was created in 1850 in Munich by crossing a Mastiff with a Bulldog. Mastiffs were then most often used for hunting bears, and bulldogs for fighting bulls. Thus, it would be expected that the new breed would inherit the aggressiveness of its ancestors. However, in fact, dog breeders pursued other goals, namely, to make the appearance of dogs more attractive and, oddly enough, on the contrary, reduce their aggressiveness. Which is exactly what they managed to achieve. The formation of the Boxer breed finally ended in 1896, when the first Boxer breeding club was founded.
The boxer is said to have "the most charming deformity." The dog's head is proportional to the body, smooth, without wrinkles. The lower jaw protrudes slightly forward and bends slightly upward. When the dog's mouth is closed, neither teeth nor tongue should be visible. The Boxer's nose is large and black with strongly open nostrils. The ears are set high and are usually cropped to give them a pointed shape. The eyes are dark. The neck is strong, muscular, without folds of skin (collar). The body is square. The tail is short and raised up. The front legs are straight and parallel. Based on color, boxers are divided into two varieties: fawn boxer and brindle boxer. Height at the withers: males - 57-63 cm, females - 54-59 cm. Weight: - males - 30-32 kg, females - 24-25 kg. A photo of the boxer can be seen on the right.
The Boxer is a loyal and pleasant dog. She is not vindictive and loves children very much. Boxer puppies are easy to train.
Representatives of the Boxer breed are used for police work, as bodyguards, guard dogs and guide dogs for the blind. However, boxers have earned the greatest popularity as companion dogs. They are self-possessed and love to play, but they are distrustful of strangers. Boxer puppies are also very active and need frequent long walks to maintain good physical shape.
Unfortunately, boxers are not among the longest-livers. Often they do not even live to the age of ten. The cause of this is often rheumatism, so after a walk in the rain, this dog’s coat must be thoroughly dried.
Origin. On the reverse side of some Greek coins dating back to 36 BC. the image of a dog is embossed, very similar to the modern Great Dane. If you are ready to accept the assumption that the homeland of the Great Dane is Greece, then you understand perfectly why he is called the “Apollo of dogs.” More reliable information about this breed appears several centuries later. In 407 AD The Gallic region of Germany, part of Italy and Spain were captured by Asian tribes - the Alans, and they brought with them powerful mastiff-like dogs. In Germany, these magnificent animals began to be used for protection from bears and wild boars and for hunting them. It was here that the process of selection of this breed began. In Great Britain, these dogs were called the German boar dog for many centuries. During selection, the blood of Irish Greyhounds was infused and the result was a beautiful, huge, slender, strong, fast dog, which we today call a Great Dane or Great Dane. Although these dogs are called Great Danes in England, they have nothing to do with Denmark. Bismarck contributed greatly to the development of this breed. It was he who received the current type of Great Danes. He crossed mastiff-like dogs from southern Germany with dogs from northern Germany, which they called Great Danes. Great Danes were first shown at an exhibition in Hamburg in 1963 as two varieties: the Ulm Great Dane and the Great Dane. In 1876, they were recognized as one breed, they were given a common name - Great Dane, the breed was considered the national breed of Germany.
The Great Dane is a very large dog that combines nobility and courage, strength and elegance. Minimum height at withers for males - 76 cm, for females - 72 cm
Caucasian Shepherd Dog.
Origin: The Caucasian Shepherd dog breed was created by the peoples of the Caucasus, and as you know, it is multinational, and every nation, every republic wanted to have its own dog, its own recognizable type. The mountainous terrain contributed to the isolation of individual flocks and the creation of intrabreed types.
The first standard of the Caucasian Shepherd was created in 1931, it was based on the Georgian type of the Caucasian Shepherd, but it also mentioned the Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Dagestan types.
Among Georgian dogs, long-haired dogs predominated, and in the North Caucasus, short-haired dogs predominated. The reason is simple - long wool gets packed with snow in winter and thorns in summer.
Description: The Caucasian Shepherd is a dog of above average and large height (height at the withers for males is not lower than 68, for females - not lower than 64 cm, the desired height for males is 72-75 cm, for females - 66-69 cm, weight for males is 50 -80 kg, females - 40 - 50 kg) - creates the impression of strength and power. The coat is medium length, thick and dense, and protects well from cold and bad weather. The head of hair forms a mane on the neck, and on the tail and hind legs - lush “pants” and “dewlap”. There are short-haired individuals who lack these “decorations”, but they are protected from the vagaries of the weather no worse than their long-haired fellow tribesmen. The movements of a real Caucasian Shepherd are deceptively slow, very precise and free. The characteristic gait is a trot, which, when accelerated, turns into a somewhat heavy but fast gallop.
The colors of the Caucasian Shepherd are very diverse: gray, red, brown, brindle of various shades - from dark, almost black, to very light, even white, as well as piebald and spotted variants of the above colors. Black and brown in any variants are not allowed.
Character: The typical Caucasian Shepherd is persistent, perhaps stubborn, unpretentious, independent and fearless, which makes it an unrivaled guard and watchman. She easily adapts to any living and feeding conditions, sometimes the most severe. It is these qualities that made the Caucasian Shepherd a symbol of a guard dog.
Behind the external equanimity and feigned indifference lies a surprisingly vulnerable soul.
They don’t follow you like a shadow, don’t beg for affection like a handout, don’t ingratiate themselves by looking into your eyes, but if you stretch out your hand, the stern dog will melt under your palm like ice under the sun.
They are well aware of their strength and know how to use it. It is extremely rare for Caucasian Shepherd Dogs to offend small dogs; they easily get along with domestic animals, but will persistently strive for leadership among their larger brothers.
They respect strength, but know how to be lenient towards the weak.
They are well trained, memorizing skills firmly and for a long time, but they obey only the owner. Such a dog can only be trained by the hands of the owner. The Caucasian does not tolerate the hands of others at the other end of the leash and resists desperately.
German Shepherd.
The German Shepherd is one of the most popular breeds, famous for its endurance, strength and loyalty. In 1899, systematic breeding of these animals began, and a certain standard appeared.
The German Shepherd has an average height, the height at the withers for males is 62.5 cm, for females - 57.5 cm, there may be deviations of 2.5 cm up or down. The dog's body is slightly elongated, strong, with good muscles.
Individuals move at a trot; any displacement of the hind leg reduces endurance and strength. The head is not too massive, a slightly convex forehead, rounded cheekbones, powerful fangs, tightly closed with lips. The bite is scissor-shaped, the incisors of the lower jaw must overlap the incisors of the upper jaw, other bites are considered defective.
The nose is straight, visually it seems to be a continuation of the forehead line.
The ears are medium, set high, stand upright, hanging, cropped and other types of ears are not allowed. The eyes are almond-shaped, medium in size, slightly angled, usually dark in color.
The length of the body should exceed the height at the withers, the chest should not be too wide, and the belly should be tucked. The tail is covered with thick hair and should reach the knee joint, maximum - to the middle of the metatarsus. The tail should not lie in a ring on the back or stand up.
The color of the German Shepherd can be different: black with yellowish, brown or light gray tan, plain gray or black, with light or brown markings, light coloring of the inner surface of the legs or a mark on the chest is allowed, but not desirable. The nose is always black, the undercoat may have a grayish color. Ordinary shepherds have dense, hard, close-fitting hair, and shorter hair on the head. A cover that is too short is considered defective. In long-haired representatives of the breeds, the coat is longer, sometimes tassels form on the elbows and in the ear area. The hairs on the back are soft and fall apart on the back; long-haired Shepherds have reduced resistance to weathering, so they are less valuable.
Personality of the German Shepherd.
With all their temperament, German Shepherds are easy to train, protect their owner, can be tough and aggressive towards enemies, but attentive and obedient towards their owners.
Representatives of this breed are very strong and determined dogs that are considered loyal friends and protectors. If the animal has recognized you as its owner, the shepherd will fight to the death for you and try to please you in everything.
Pets are wary of strangers; it takes some time to get used to them. These dogs will not miss anything happening around them, so they are excellent guards. The German Shepherd makes a wonderful companion; they are not just working dogs, but also very loyal and funny pets. They are good with children and do not conflict with other pets. They do not like loneliness and need constant communication with a person. Temperament
These animals are very calm and stable, properly trained shepherds always behave properly.
This is one of the most popular breeds for service in the police and rescue organizations; they are used as guide dogs and to participate in military operations. You need to train your dog from puppyhood, methodically and consistently. Aggression can only be provoked by improper training; you should not try to make a dog kind to everyone out of a shepherd.
Rottweiler.
Origin. Most likely, the Rottweiler traces its ancestry to the Italian Mastiff. In the Middle Ages, these dogs were used as shepherd dogs. The Rottweiler breed was developed in the German town of Rottweil in Wertemberg. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, Rottweilers had almost disappeared in Europe, but a century later their numbers were restored again, thanks to the efforts of Stuttgart dog breeders.
Description. The Rottweiler is a massive, strong dog. Height at the withers for males is 60-68 cm. Weight is about 50 kg. Rottweiler bitches are slightly smaller. The head is round, very wide between the ears. Scissor bite. The eyes are dark brown. The Rottweiler's ears are triangular and point forward. If the tail is too long, it can be docked. The Rottweiler's coat is short, hard, and dense. The color is black with tan marks on the cheeks, muzzle, legs and paws. A photo of the Rottweiler can be seen on the right.
Character. The Rottweiler is a balanced, calm, obedient, courageous dog, capable of learning. It can only show aggression in cases where its owner is attacked.
Usage. Throughout the history of their existence, Rottweilers have been used for herding and for police work, but primarily as guard dogs and bodyguards. Also, representatives of the Rottweiler breed can be wonderful companions; Rottweiler puppies love children very much and get along well with them.
Note. Rottweilers are highly fertile, with litters often containing twelve or more puppies.
Saint Bernard
Origin. Lost in the snowy Swiss Alps, only “Old Barry” could save and dig him up. The origin of St. Bernard is surrounded by an aura of legends and beautiful tales. It is believed that the blood of Great Danes and Newfoundlands was once infused into his veins. The deep snows of the St. Bernard Monastery brought fame to the St. Bernard as a rescue dog, because it was here in the 17th century. they kept dogs that helped the monks and saved travelers on passes. Until today, according to tradition, St. Bernard rescue dogs are bred in this monastery.
Description. The Saint Bernard is a powerful, well-proportioned, large dog with well-developed muscles, making it very expressive. An impressive and massive head, the muzzle is full of dignity. The St. Bernard's coat is very thick: in the smooth-haired version it fits tightly; in the long-haired version it is of medium length, slightly wavy. The color of the Saint Bernard is white-red, red-white with deep red or yellow-brown spots. Height at withers 65 - 70 cm, weight 50 - 70 kg. A photo of the St. Bernard can be seen on the right.
Character. Severe, but never aggressive, the Saint Bernard is one of the generous dogs. The Saint Bernard is kind and loyal, a wonderful companion for both children and adults.
Central Asian Shepherd Dog (Alabai).
Origin. Central Asian Shepherd Dog (Alabai), one of the breeds that developed in the territory of the former USSR. It is most common in Central Asia, and in the territory between Ukraine and Siberia. Among the ancestors of the Central Asian Shepherd there is undoubtedly the legendary Tibetan Mastiff. The breed has evolved spontaneously over the centuries, through selection for the characteristics necessary for humans. These have always been large herding dogs, capable of guarding and protecting herds in rain, frost and forty-degree heat, engaging in battles with wolves and always winning them.
Description. Central Asian Shepherd Dogs (Alabai) are strong, well-built dogs. The head is large, with a wide forehead, a smooth transition from the forehead to the muzzle. The jaws are strong and strong, the teeth are large. Bite: scissors. Height at withers: 58.5 - 71 cm, weight: 37 - 50 kg. A collar of thick, folded skin is required around the necks. The limbs of the Central Asian Shepherd Dog (Alabai) are straight, strong, but without overdevelopment of muscles. The ears are traditionally very short cropped. The eyes of the Central Asian Shepherd (Alabai) are dark. The nose is black. The tail is traditionally docked short. The coat is short, but thick, with a good undercoat, allowing it to withstand 40-degree frost with wind and 40-degree heat outside the shelter. The color of the Central Asian Shepherd Dog (Alabai) can be any color, the most typical being white, black, gray, brindle, with or without markings. A photo of the Central Asian Shepherd Dog (Alabai) can be seen on the right.
Character. The Central Asian Shepherd Dog (Alabai) is a brave and determined dog that fearlessly treats any creature. It is unpretentious in food, even very large specimens grow on almost one piece of bread. Loyal to the owner. She is very smart, self-learning and behaves depending on the circumstances, making her own decisions. The Central Asian Shepherd Dog (Alabai) has an innate quick reaction and lightning-fast throw. Central Asian Shepherd (Alabai) puppies are very trainable.
Usage. Alabaev (Central Asian Shepherd Dogs) are traditionally used for herding and guarding sheep. For the protection of open areas of enterprises and estates. At the same time, thanks to their natural endurance, Central Asian Shepherd Dogs (Alabai) can do without traditional shelters. Central Asian Shepherd Dogs (Alabai) are outstanding watchdogs; you can be sure that no one will ever slip into the protected territory. The Central Asian Shepherd Dog (Alabai) is well versed in life situations and is now increasingly found as a companion and house watchman, increasingly winning the hearts of citizens with its intelligence and unpretentiousness.
Staffordshire Terrier.
Origin. The Staffordshire Terrier dog breed was developed by crossing the English Bulldog and the English Terrier, brought to the United States in 1870. Initially, the Staffordshire Terrier breed had different names (pit dog, Yankee terrier, American bull terrier), then the name pit bull terrier was established, distinguishing the breed from bull terriers from England. The breed was actively used for dog fighting and, due to the lack of a standard, was not recognized by the international canine community. In the first half of the 1930s, based on pit bull terriers, the Staffordshire Terrier breed was developed, the official standard of which was approved by the American Kennel Club.
Description. The American Staffordshire Terrier should give the impression of being a dog of great strength for its size, well built, muscular, but at the same time elegant, agile and very responsive to its surroundings. shi are set high, docked or undocked. the holes are dark, round, deep-set and widely spaced. The muzzle of the Staffordshire Terrier is of medium length, with a sharp transition to the skull, not drooping. The bridge of the nose is rounded. The tail is short compared to the size of the dog. The tail is set low and tapers towards the end. Height and weight must be proportional. Height at the withers is about 46-48 cm for males and 44-46 for females. A photo of the Staffordshire Terrier can be seen on the right.
Character. Public opinion regarding the Staffordshire Terrier breed is controversial. The breeders of these dogs highlight their positive qualities - such as reliability, devotion to the owner, and a high threshold of irritability (cold-bloodedness). Critics draw attention to the genetic predisposition of the Staffordshire Terrier breed to fights and the aggressiveness of some of its representatives, aimed mainly at other dogs.
Usage. Dog fighting became illegal, the breed became indispensable for home and family, and the Staffordshire Terrier won human hearts with its tender attitude towards children and the highest abilities as a guard and protector of the home.
So, I gave a brief description of, in my opinion, the most popular service dogs.
This group includes dogs that are large, strong, hardy, and have innate guard qualities. Most shepherd dogs that are now classified as working dogs were originally used as herding dogs. Therefore, all these dogs require long walks.
In Russia, there is also a separate group of sporting service dogs, or sports dogs (abroad they are called “user dogs”). Because of their short hair and good disposition, they are not used for military or police service. However, these dogs are perfect for service. Currently, they are used in sports (agility), rescue services, to search for weapons and drugs, and so on.
The largest group in the service breeds category is the group of shepherd dogs. As already mentioned, these dogs were intended for herding and guarding herds. Shepherd dogs are bred in different countries, and naturally, they differ sharply from each other, have different origins and qualities.
There are two main groups of shepherd dogs: European (German, Belgian, Dutch, French, Scottish, etc.), which are distinguished by their medium size, lively temperament and peculiar “herding” instinct, and Asian (Caucasian, Central Asian, Pyrenean, Komondor, etc.) - larger, stronger and angrier. An intermediate breed is, for example, the South Russian Shepherd Dog, which combines the features of both types.
Some city dwellers get Caucasian, Central Asian, and South Russian Shepherd dogs, not knowing how difficult it is to keep them in an apartment. You should not take your first steps in dog breeding by purchasing dogs of these breeds. Firstly, these are big, angry dogs that require a lot of space. Initially unsuited to life in a house, they do not feel well in an apartment and often get sick. In addition, the person who decides to get such a dog must be physically strong to keep it on a leash. If improperly trained, a service dog becomes very aggressive and uncontrollable.
Service and sporting service dogs also include schnauzers - the Giant Schnauzer, the Miniature Schnauzer and the Miniature Schnauzer. The origins of the Schnauzer are not exactly known, but their ancestor may have been an ancient wire-haired hunting dog that was found in various forms throughout Europe. The breed was finally formed in Germany. Large forms of schnauzers called “Bavarian Wolfhound” were described in specialized literature back in the 19th century. The Schnauzer is an excellent watchdog; it got its name from the mustache and beard on its face. The three varieties of Schnauzer differ only in size. Surprisingly, the miniature schnauzer is the same full-fledged service dog as the Risen. V. Jung in his book “Schnauzer and Pinscher” writes about the schnauzer: “With all his being and character, he was created in the image and likeness of a person who managed to remain cheerful and childish, despite the fact that he was always in a fierce struggle with the forces of nature.” .
The Pinschers group of dogs is close to the Schnauzers, but is considered more ancient. Pinschers, unlike schnauzers, are short-haired dogs. Pinschers are very different from each other in size, color and purpose: most pinschers are decorative dogs. But even a tiny miniature pinscher is an excellent watchdog. The ancestor of the dogs of this group is considered to be the German pinscher - the dog thanks to which the brave soldier Schweik got to the First World War: “... the pinscher is a very sweet dog. Not everyone, however, likes the Pinscher, because he is bristly, and the hair on his face is so coarse that the dog looks like a released convict.” (J. Hasek. “The Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk”) In fact, of course, this is a very cute dog: medium in size, with short, coarse hair, usually brown and tan in color. There are few such dogs in Russia; the Doberman Pinscher is more popular. This breed was bred in the middle of the last century by the Swiss Dobermann from a German pinscher, with the addition of blood from a Rottweiler, Great Dane and German Shepherd. The Doberman is the largest pinscher, it is harmoniously built, has excellent scent and guarding qualities.
Pinschers and schnauzers are very temperamental, active and curious dogs. They are not as easy to train as, say, European Shepherds. But if they managed to be trained, they are a wonderful friend and companion.
Terriers are originally a native English breed of hunting burrowing dogs. Currently, about 35 different breeds of terriers have been bred, which, despite external differences, are close in character and temperament; they are lively, active dogs, vicious towards the beast (even if this “beast” is the neighbor’s chicken). A person who dreams of a quiet life should not get a terrier - this dog requires constant attention. Terriers are used not only as hunting dogs, but also as decorative and service dogs. The classic working breed is the Airedale Terrier. The breed was bred in England in the second half of the 19th century. There is no exact information about the ancestors of the Airedale Terrier. The creation of this breed may have involved the Scottish Terrier, Otterhound, Welsh Terrier, Bull Terrier, Gordon Setter, Retriever and others. The Airedale Terrier is widely used in military and civil service; in addition, it is also an excellent hunter: it can even be used as a hound during round-ups of wild boars and for retrieving game. This is a wonderful companion dog, a friend of children and a family favorite. His weaknesses are stubbornness and ferocity in a fight (and he will only fight if he gets really angry).
The history of mankind knows many examples of its use to help people. Dogs herded herds, tracked down criminals, were smart and understanding companions, and protected property and their owners. Regardless, they have faithfully served and continue to serve for the benefit of humanity. Over time, people have noticed that certain dogs have distinctive features that can be used in a highly specialized manner. This is how guard, sled, service, detection and rescue dogs arose. Each of them has their own mission, their own destiny, which they fulfill perfectly thanks to their outstanding character traits. Let's learn more about the most disciplined and most trained breeds of dogs - service dogs, delve into the history of their origin, the main principles of keeping and using these breeds.
Service dogs
Initially, service breeds were considered to be any dogs capable of serving people. Only at the beginning of the last century there was a more precise differentiation of them into subgroups according to the purposes of use.
Description
When the need arose to divide dogs according to their working qualities, sports dogs, sled dogs, herding dogs and those suitable for police service appeared. Particularly strict requirements were not imposed on the breeds of the latter, since mongrel dogs, but capable of working with humans, could conduct search and search work and help disarm the criminal. 
They had to be large, strong, healthy and have an angry but not aggressive temperament in order to be trainable. The science of cynology controlled the use of dogs, their division into groups and the emergence of new professions related to the maintenance of these animals.
History of the development of service dog breeding
In fact, detection dogs as a species have appeared since they were domesticated by humans, because from the very beginning they were considered as additional draft, search and general labor, and not as companions. The great utility in everyday life and the high sociality of these animals have led to the fact that the popularity of canines has rapidly increased. They were revered in society; at the beginning of our era, bans on killing dogs appeared, which spread from modern Egypt to other countries.
Herding herds and helping in hunting, dogs showed themselves to be excellent guards, so the dog’s role further expanded to search for criminals and monitor places of confinement. With the advent of large-scale wars, service dogs took part in these actions along with their owners back in Ancient Greece, Rome and Mesopotamia. The ancestors of today's Caucasian Shepherd Dogs were used to guard government palaces and chariots, and during the hunt they demonstrated unprecedented strength with which they defeated wild horses and boars. 
The first cynological works date back to the 3rd-2nd centuries BC. The historian Arrian, born in Ancient Greece, prepared a complete atlas of dogs that exist and are used in serving people. Cynology did not fully exist until the 19th century, when several Englishmen interested in dog breeding founded the most prestigious and oldest, by today’s standards, Kennel Club. Most world-class exhibitions and presentations take place under his leadership. As for the Slavic countries, here service dogs were used by the police in the 10s of the last century, guided by the works of the Austrian dog handler Hans Gross. Hans strongly urged police officials to train and use dogs in detective work, since their sense organs are much more advanced than human ones.
Did you know? At the Victory Parade in 1945, all branches of the military marched, including the canine service. Ahead of all the dogs and handlers was the leading dog handler with the sapper dog Dzhulbars in his arms. Dzhulbars had not yet recovered from his war wound. He had more than 460 mines and one and a half hundred shells found. Another one was added to his canine medals- “For military merits.”
The first dog kennels were opened around the same time. In 1911, there were more than six hundred Shepherd Dogs and Doberman Pinschers trained as orderlies, bloodhounds, and signalmen. The Civil and World Wars almost ruined this achievement, but before World War II, service dogs were remembered again, and already in 1942 they began to pull the wounded out of the fields, find explosives and carry important messages. Dogs served in border troops and camps, guarding the border and preventing the escape of prisoners. Today, the use of dogs for security and search purposes continues - they recognize prohibited substances and explosives at airports and border points, identify criminals and work on a par with human guards. 
There are enclosures in which these animals are kept freely, without muzzles, collars or leashes. In hot weather, awnings are installed over them; in cold weather, booths are brought into the enclosures, insulated from the inside so that the animals do not freeze. Be sure to use straw (not fabric) bedding, which is often changed and cleaned. The premises and surrounding area are disinfected as they become dirty; the animals themselves also undergo regular treatment and preventive vaccination to prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases. By the way, all personal equipment of a dog that dies from a viral or bacterial disease is destroyed in order to prevent infection of a pet that might be wearing infected harness.
Important! In the event of the death or escape of a service animal, the kennel and ammunition that belonged to it are transferred to the next new dog. If an animal falls victim to an infectious disease, the dog’s body, kennel, ammunition, bedding are destroyed, andin the nurseryextraordinary preventive vaccination is carried out.
Enclosures, nurseries, and pens are built in areas remote from industrial complexes and residential buildings. They must be clean, warm (but without heating), dry, therefore the use of swampy lands in the construction of premises for service dogs is not allowed. Medium dog kennels are two meters in size and have a cube shape, so that adult animals can feel spacious in them, but not cold. The floor is preferably concrete, the barriers and ceiling are wooden. Each nursery must have a paddock attached to it - a place where animals can stretch and frolic in their free time from sleep and work. 
The isolation ward and the feed kitchen are two more important service areas. Sick and injured animals, females in heat and whelping, who are not allowed to work, are placed in the isolation ward. The kitchen is placed a little further away so that the smell of cooking food does not tease the animals at unspecified times. In the kitchen they receive food, prepare food, divide it between pets and wash used dishes. Also, a daily supply of feed is stored at each feed kitchen, so that in case of delays in supplies, the animals do not go hungry.
Supplies of bulk products, drinking water, as well as uniforms, clothing and equipment used in work and training are stored in warehouses and dressing rooms. Everything must be kept impeccably clean, because in places where there are large concentrations of animals there is a high risk of an outbreak of bacterial diseases. Showers on the territory of the nursery are equipped for the hygiene of personnel who come into close contact with animals.
The training area is open at any time of the year. It houses training equipment - bars, ladders, walls, barriers, on which service dogs practice their physical skills and obedience to the instructor. Determining the number and types of equipment at training sites falls on the shoulders of the chief instructor. Since service kennels host training camps from time to time, theoretical training classes and separate enclosures for different types of service dogs are located on their territory, which are used to train cadets admitted to the kennel. 
Training methods
Dogs for service purposes are trained very differently than for rescue work or companionship, as they will perform specific functions. Firstly, not all people are allowed to train, but only those who are capable of this work. When choosing a person who will train dogs, they pay attention to his confidence, willpower, patience and desire to convey important information to the animals in a form accessible to them.
Did you know? At the end of the last century, during archaeological excavations in Altai, the remains of an ancient dog were discovered. Laboratory analysis showed that the age of the remains is at least thirty thousand years, and the genotype is significantly different from the genotype of the ancient wolf. Based on these data, it can be argued that dogs were domesticated by humans long before goats, sheep and other meat and dairy animals.
The successful result of training also depends on the selection of dogs, so they pay attention not only to the breed, but also to physical parameters, learning ability and the desire to contact people. Dogs are selected according to the requirements that each individual service places on them, and they are trained using the mechanical or contrast method. For example, a guard or border dog must have a keen sense of smell, developed hearing and a fearless readiness to defend itself and its owner from possible resistance. Training such dogs using the reward method using affection is not the best solution. 
Training methods are applied after rapport is established during the trainer's first meeting with the service dog. In the first days after meeting, the animal pays especially close attention to the habits of the new person, watches his facial expressions, movements, and catches his mood. During this period, it is very important not to show the dog your dissatisfaction, irritation and rudeness. It is not allowed to shout at the animal, hit it, or otherwise show aggression or impatience, as the initial opportunity for trust will be lost forever. The mechanical method of training is not suitable for the first weeks of education. A dog that is disappointed in its new teacher cannot be bought with any amount of affection and treats - at a crucial moment, it will definitely take revenge for the rudeness used earlier, putting the entire success of the official operation at risk.
Incentive method training consists of food or vocal motivation of the animal. This method becomes especially effective three to four hours after the last feeding or contact with the trainer. In service training, it is considered the most unreliable method, because the dog’s trust and obedience should be based on respect, and not on the desire to get tasty food. 
Mechanical method Used only on adult dogs whose trust has already been formed. It allows physical influence on the animal - stroking, patting, jerking the leash, pressing on the chest and croup. This is an effective method available to trainers whose pets are not capable of aggression against their owner. The skills and reflexes acquired in this way are preserved with frequent repetition until the end of life. It is similar to the pushing method and differs from it in the severity of influence. The pushing method is applicable in the first weeks of educational work.
Important! Each of the training methods is good in its own way, but not all skills are developed using any one method. To achieve good results, you need to use different techniques depending on the animal’s mood and abilities.
Imitative method training is good for large groups of dogs. Since this animal is a pack animal, it imitates its fellow tribesmen and is guided by their actions. Therefore, it is convenient to include inept beginners in the group of the best service animals - they are more likely to begin to respond to commands and correlate them with the necessary actions.
Contrast method It is considered the most effective in training adults and has a quick effect. A dog trained in this way will not associate obedience skills with food or physical stimulation, but will perceive them as rare rewards. Such a pet will obey the owner’s commands even without expecting a handout or praise. As for the young animals, the game method is practiced on them. This is the most gentle way to subdue a dog, and it is used only on puppies who are spoiled by food motivation, and the physical influence may be misunderstood.
Breeds
As mentioned earlier, even mongrel animals that have physical and intellectual characteristics suitable for this occupation are allowed to work in official work. Nevertheless, there are several breeds of dogs that are especially capable and suitable according to the canine description for performing official duties.
It was first presented in 1882 at an exhibition in Germany. It was intended for guarding and herding livestock, but its excellent physical and mental qualities were noticed by police officers, therefore, starting in 1901, it began to be trained and used as a police dog. This is a balanced, active and very trainable animal. She quickly gets used to new trainers, which is why she is highly valued in any army and on farms. 
Belongs to the group of Molossians - shepherd dogs. As a breed, it has existed since the 18th century and was bred in Germany. He has a difficult temperament, as it is difficult for him to get used to new owners. A hardy and aggressive dog, which is used in security work and rarely at border checkpoints.
Did you know? In Ancient Egypt, dogs were revered to such an extent that they named a city after them.- Kinopolis. The dogs of this city were considered inviolable, and the city army was forced to go to war against the neighboring settlement, in which the dog from Kinopolis was killed.
It has existed since the end of the 19th century and is of German origin. A powerful and elegant dog, which was immediately bred for security purposes. Dobermans are friendly and moderately excitable, so they are rarely used as guards, but for their good scent and flair they are often recruited into the army and border troops. 
The largest representative of the Schnauzer group comes from Bavaria. Used as a hunting and herding dog. He is not inferior to the German Shepherd in his integrity and diligence. His self-confidence and intelligence made him an excellent sporting companion dog. 
Appeared in Russia in the middle of the 20th century. A descendant of the Giant Schnauzer, it is a city dog that is widely used in guard duty, especially in border service. Controllable, subject to training and very sociable, therefore used as a rescue dog. 
In the middle of the 17th century, this breed was bred in the Swiss Alps. A born rescue dog who can perform guard functions. Flexible, smart and independent. It is difficult to imagine a less aggressive dog - it will never harm a person, therefore it is not used in military and guard service. 
A pure herding breed from the late 19th century, created in Belgium. There are four types - Laekenois, Malinois, Groenedal and Tervuren, which differ exclusively in the quality of their wool. The dogs are smart and unpretentious, but nervous, in some cases they are difficult to train and can become aggressive. Not suitable for guard duty, good companions, get along well in urban areas.
Important! A service dog is an animal that must be trained by professionals. Even if you are confident in yourself, do not take on this matter, because you can raise an uncontrollable dangerous predator or, conversely, an infantile creature who will be unhappy, having no purpose.
Italian Molosser, the breed has very ancient origins. Several times it was on the verge of extinction, but each time it was revived through the efforts of several enthusiasts. From time immemorial, they guarded livestock and the owner's property, incredibly brave and understanding. They completely obey their owner and do not attack without a command. They easily distinguish a real threat and respond to it, therefore they are widely used in guard duty. 
Appeared in Germany in 1850 as a mixture of the English Bulldog and Bullenbeiser breeds. Calm, loyal dogs that easily obey their owner's commands. Due to their strength, endurance and balance, German boxers are used to work for the police and border services. Their playful temperament makes them pleasant companions, and their desire to care helps Boxers in rescue and social service - they make good guide dogs. 
This is an intelligent Molosser dog of Canadian origin. It was bred as a herding dog with the makings of a rescue dog, and continues to be used for these purposes. Kind, active, determined, widely distributed as a companion animal, has a need for significant physical activity. Not suitable for protection, indispensable in rescue search work. It is necessary to take into account the independence of this dog and its ability to make decisions that differ from the will of the owner. Completely devoid of aggression, incapable of hunting, as he protects small animals and children. 
Did you know? The first canine organization was the Kennel Club, founded in 1873. Thus, the prestigious dog breeding, which now sets world-class standards for breeds, began with the hard work of several British enthusiasts.
Dogs are important companions and helpers for humans, and they do jobs that many people are unable to do. As a result of many years of selection, special breeds of dogs have been bred that differ from their relatives in the qualities necessary for guarding, hunting or rescuing dying people. Their unique sense of smell helps detect explosives and harmful substances, and their amazing sense of smell saves them in extreme situations. These animals are capable of making independent decisions that differ from the owner’s opinion, and often turn out to be right. By using the right training methods and keeping these dogs in a comfortable environment, you can become an authority figure for them and gain the support and trust of very valuable and intelligent friends.
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In various types of activities, people have been using service dog breeds for more than a millennium. Animals are used not only for security, but also in search activities, for rescuing people, searching for drugs, attacking a criminal, and also as guides and even kind of psychotherapists for lonely people. Different breeds differ not only in appearance, but also in behavior. Moreover, appearance and character are not always directly related to each other. Description of character, photos of all representatives of service breeds, their distinctive qualities - about all this right now.
This is the most famous breed of service dog. German Shepherds are universal - they are used in service, in protection, work well with sappers and detectives, and are used as a herding dog. Therefore, it is used on the border, in the army, the police, to guard warehouses and even to accompany the blind as a guide. This service dog breed is most often used both in Russia and abroad.
It is interesting that the German Shepherd was originally used as a herding dog, so only the most intelligent and loyal representatives were selected. That is why purebred animals represent the best result of selective selection. One of the distinctive properties is that the German unquestioningly carries out the commands of any “new” owner, which is very convenient when the policeman is constantly replaced by another officer.
Read about training, keeping and feeding.
This breed also has German roots. The Doberman has an exceptionally balanced character; the dog is self-confident and is able to behave quite calmly in different situations. Needs attention and love from the owner, prefers people who are calm in nature.
The breed is very hardy and trains well. Used mainly for security activities. It is difficult to use for service because the dog prefers to communicate with only one owner or with his entire family at once - it does not tolerate constant changes of police officers.
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The Rottweiler is a German breed of large dog that is most often used as a bodyguard or for searching people. He does not retreat from danger and is devoted to his master. Despite the widespread opinion about the complexity and even danger of its character, it lends itself well to training. However, it is important to train him to suit himself and constantly remind him of the existing hierarchy - the dog must unquestioningly obey the owner.
The Rottweiler is devoted to only one person and cannot adapt to changes in owners. He has a resilient character and great physical strength - with a weight of 50-55 kg he is able to knock down any adult with one blow.
This breed is one of the most ancient representatives of pugs; its ancestors were used in gladiatorial fights in Ancient Rome. It was originally created as a working dog, mainly used for guarding and protection. The character is hardy and balanced. It is noted that Cane Corsos love to play, but at the same time they always distinguish a game situation from a real threat.
The dog senses its territory very well and instantly reacts to strangers, therefore it is used primarily for guarding fairly large objects. He very clearly divides people, as well as animals, into friends and foes. She becomes very aggressive only in cases where her boundaries are clearly violated by strangers.
Another guard dog breed is the bullmastiff. The character is calm, non-aggressive. The degree of devotion to the owner is exceptional; as a rule, it chooses only one person. He is family friendly. If friends come to visit, he behaves neutrally, but does not allow too close, familiar contact. Likes fairly spacious rooms and long walks, used mainly for protection.
Loves active exercise and is easy to train. The Bullmastiff is highly intelligent and flexible - its rules are to always obey a clear hierarchy. Along with this, the dog has a highly developed sense of smell, so it is also used to search for people under rubble, detect drugs and explosive devices.
Read about education, training and maintenance.
Belgian Shepherd (Malinois)
This breed is distinguished by its developed intelligence and also a very good memory. He understands everything very quickly, so the training goes well. However, it is quite demanding of itself - rudeness and physical violence are extremely harmful to the training of a shepherd dog. She is friendly and extremely obedient if she feels full respect from her owner.
Used as a herding dog when guarding large territories. Keeping them in an apartment is also allowed, but only on condition of constant long walks. The character is balanced, non-aggressive. Gets along well with children, but the Belgian Shepherd is not very playful.
American Pit Bull Terrier
The American Pit Bull Terrier is a medium-sized working dog breed. This is a very good watchman, a reliable security guard. However, there is a widespread belief about the harmful, capricious and even aggressive nature of the animal. In fact, such dogs do occur, but this is mainly the fault of their owners, who raised the pet in clearly inhumane conditions.
The dog has a good, kind temperament and gets along well with children. His activity is usually high, so he requires a lot of attention and constant physical activity, training, jogging. He is friendly even towards strangers, but in the event of an attack he never retreats from danger - he stands by his owner to the end.
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This breed has an exceptionally calm, calm and very patient character. The dog prefers not to bark or show its aggression, but if the territory is violated, it will defend it fearlessly. They are extremely loyal to their owner and perceive the entire family as a pack – including small dogs and cats.
They are easy to train because they are smart. In addition, the Newfoundland constantly tries to please the owner and, as it were, predict his desire. He loves children very much, even noisy and too active ones. He loves to swim, so he is often used by lifeguards on beaches. Along with this, it is excellent for security and watchdog service.
This breed is also called the American-Canadian White Shepherd. The dog has an exceptionally friendly character, she gets along well with children, and perceives the whole family as a pack. The character is cheerful, but not fussy. She trains very easily, and is capable of performing even complex tricks. They also get along with small dogs, cats, and other pets. Expects only affectionate treatment from the owner - due to rudeness, she becomes passive and nervous.
The Swiss White Shepherd is a large breed, so it is preferable to keep it in country houses, where it will feel good. The animal faithfully serves as a guard and never leaves its post. It is unpretentious in everyday life: it is enough to maintain the wool in proper condition.
East European Shepherd
The dog is smart, but needs training from the very first months of life. With the right approach, the dog becomes extremely loyal to its owner. She is balanced and does not show unreasonable aggression. At the same time, he does not like familiar relations - he does not let strangers get close.
Used for guard duty, territory protection, and helps in the search service. Such wide application is possible due to the animal’s unpretentiousness and endurance of character. The shepherd dog does not retreat in the face of danger - it participates in the battle to the end. In critical situations, he makes decisions independently and protects the owner even without his command.
The ancestors of this breed were used for hunting deer, wild boar, and, less often, bears. Therefore, the boxer’s character is exceptionally bold and courageous. The nervous system is balanced, the temperament is flexible and calm. He is attentive to all family members, sociable, loves to communicate with the owner for as long as possible.
In most cases, he gets along quite well with other pets, but has a cocky character - he chases small dogs and cats on the street. It is better to immediately try to agree with the dog on the limits, because the boxer has a cunning mind - he knows who he can ask for sweets, who will give up his seat on the sofa and openly takes advantage of a person’s kindness. Excellent for security service, as it has endurance and good intelligence.
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Despite its large, even frightening size, the St. Bernard has an exceptionally kind, balanced character. He loves all family members very much, is friendly to children, treats everyone like a pack, and recognizes other pets. Strives to please the owner and earn his approval.
It is used as a rescuer, and is also suitable for security duty due to its developed sense of territory, great physical strength and endurance. Despite their slow temperament, they react quickly in a dangerous situation and have a good sense of smell. It should be understood that if the St. Bernard began to bark, then there really is a reason for it.
Interesting. Saint Bernards remember very well where their home is and can find it even tens of kilometers away.
Ca-de-bo (cadebo)
Kadebo is a mastiff and by its temperament is a born guardian. It behaves aggressively if any stranger approaches the object, or especially the owner. However, he enters into fights only in critical situations - no unreasonable aggression has been observed.
He has a good mind, is easy to train and enjoys playing with his owner a lot of time. Loves walks and needs constant physical activity. It has an excellent sense of territory and can be used for security purposes.
The breed was developed in Slovenia and was originally used as a herding dog. A social animal, he loves the whole family very much and cannot stand loneliness. Needs early training, and the owner can feel its independent character. At the same time, the animal’s will cannot be broken, otherwise psychological contact will be extremely difficult. Bravely defends its territory, does not retreat in the face of danger, and is used as a defender.
Belgian Tervuren
This dog is also called the long-haired Belgian Shepherd. The character is courageous, lively, active and very vigilant. The dog learns quickly and, with proper training, manifests itself exclusively as an intelligent, adequate animal.
The reaction is very fast, the dog is able to make decisions independently, although it will never disobey its owner. It is characterized by possessive feelings - if the owner begins to pay more attention to other pets, he may become jealous. Suitable for protective and investigative service
This is a type of French Shepherd. The dog is used as a shepherd to guard flocks and even herds of cattle. The character is cheerful, cheerful, loves to play with people. He learns quite easily, but can sometimes become stubborn. It is used not only as a shepherd dog, but as a guide dog.