It's shaking all over. The whole body is shaking from the inside - what could it be? Why everything inside is shaking, possible illnesses
In the stone circle of an ancient cemetery, in a place of worship of old, forgotten and eternal gods, pulsating with ancient magic and power, the Wall Crawler raised his hands and a bloody knife. And he screamed. Jubilantly. Wild. Inhuman.
Everything around froze in horror.
Andrzej Sapkowski "God's Warriors"
Among the windy heaths, above the heather, under the low, restless sky - hieroglyphs on gray stone. Worn out by time, lost, alien to our world, thrown into it from another, unknown reality, separated by the abyss of centuries. Carrying the stamp of eternity, the wreckage of forgotten eras has survived more than one generation of legends, in which there is no longer a drop of truth. But still filled with strange strength and invincible greatness. Awe-inspiring even now. Megaliths.
Megaliths (“big stones”) are usually called prehistoric structures made of huge stone blocks connected without the use of mortar. But this definition is very imprecise. A significant part of archaeological sites classified as megaliths are not, in the strict sense, structures at all, since they consist of a single monolith or several slabs not connected to each other.
In addition, the stones of megalithic buildings are not always large. Finally, some buildings that were built already in historical times are often classified as megaliths, but either using cyclopean blocks (the Temple of Jupiter in Baalbek) or without the use of mortar (Machu Picchu in Peru, 16th century).
What then unites the megaliths? Perhaps monumentality and an aura of mystery. Megalith is the creation of a departed, often nameless people. This is a message from the unimaginably distant “pre-legendary” past. Monument to an unknown builder.
ETERNAL STONES
Alien, surreal, and contrary to all known principles of architecture, the appearance of megaliths feeds the vast “modern mythology” full of Atlanteans, Hyperboreans and other representatives of highly developed civilizations that have sunk into oblivion. But there are at least two reasons not to take such speculation seriously. Firstly, they still do not provide a clear explanation for the appearance of megaliths. Secondly, the real secrets of history are more interesting than the imaginary ones.
The simplest megaliths, those that cannot yet be considered structures, include the sacred stones of seida and menhirs - oblong, roughly processed blocks vertically stuck into the ground, broken off from the rock. A little later they are replaced by orthostats, distinguished by their flat shape and the presence of at least one carefully smoothed edge on which magical signs were drawn or carved.
Single menhirs and seids, as a rule, served as objects of worship. Sacrifices were made near the largest Rudston monolith in England, 7.6 meters high, decorated with fossilized dinosaur tracks. On the plains, glacial blocks always attracted attention and, quite possibly, could be considered the house of the spirit or the weapon of the ancestor. Smaller menhirs usually served as tombstones for leaders. In any case, it was for this purpose that the last of them under the camera was installed at the beginning of the last century in Indonesia. The largest cluster of 3,000 orthostats is the Carnac Stones in Brittany, a prehistoric cemetery.
In some cases, menigirs were placed in a group, forming a circle of cromlechs marking the boundaries of the cult place. Often, in the center of the decorative fence, a platform lined with stone was found, on which the bodies of the dead were burned or animals and captives were sacrificed. Ceremonies, meetings, celebrations and other events could also be held here. social events. Cults changed. Cromlechs are more durable than religions.
The use of megalithic structures as observatories is also possible. To accurately determine the position of the Moon and the Sun (from the shadow), unshakable landmarks were required. Menhirs placed in a circle fulfilled this role. It should be noted that in the Middle Ages, observatories had a similar structure.
Already in ancient times, people sought diversity and were not afraid of experiments. An epochal step forward, a real breakthrough in stone architecture steel taulas - structures made of a large stone placed on a small one. Then trilithons appeared - arches of three stones - the beauty and pride of Stonehenge. The stability and durability of these structures led primitive builders to the idea of building dolmens - the first stone buildings in human history.
There are a lot of mysteries associated with dolmens, as well as with other simple megaliths. For example, they can never be associated with any specific archaeological culture - that is, with an ancient people whose migrations are tracked by scientists using characteristic ceramics, arrowheads and other finds. The stone does not reveal the age of the building and does not say anything about the creators. Determining the date of the appearance of a dolmen, as a rule, is possible only with an accuracy of several centuries. And during such a period of time, the population of the country changed more than once. The artifacts discovered in and around the structure do not say anything, since it is known that megaliths, passing from hand to hand, remained “in use” for thousands of years.
What can also be quite puzzling is the fact that similar, almost identical megaliths are scattered over a huge area - from the Caucasus to Portugal and from the Orkney Islands to Senegal. In this regard, even a version was put forward about a certain “dolmen culture”, whose representatives once inhabited all these territories. But the hypothesis was not confirmed. No traces of such people were found. Moreover, it was discovered that the age of two identical dolmens located next to each other can differ by a couple of thousand years.
In fact, the similarities of dolmens different countries is explained by the fact that the idea lying on the surface naturally occurred to many people. Any child could make a “house” by placing four flat stones on an edge and placing a fifth one on top of them. Or cover the hole in the stone with a flat block (trough-shaped dolmen). Admiring his creation, the young architect grew up, became a leader and encouraged his fellow tribesmen to build a life-size structure.
One thing can be said with certainty: the appearance of the first megaliths is associated with the transition of the population to a sedentary lifestyle. Wandering hunters had no desire to move the boulders they encountered during migrations. And the groups of people were too small to carry out large-scale work. The first farmers had the opportunity to engage in capital construction. The only thing missing was experience. And for a long time they couldn’t think of anything better than digging two stones into the ground and placing a third on them.
Apparently, the dolmens were crypts. In some of them the remains of hundreds of people were found. The decayed bones formed layer after layer, and new graves were dug right in the resulting mass. Other dolmens are completely empty. Probably, over the past millennia, someone took the trouble to clean them out.
| Path in the labyrinth | |
| A special category of megaliths are flat cairns - lines or drawings laid out from small stones. This includes numerous “stone boats” - Viking burials made in the shape of a ship outlined by boulders, and a unique “stone eagle” - an image of a bird with outstretched wings, created by an unknown tribe of North American Indians. But the most famous flat cairns are “labyrinths”, found in Scandinavia, Finland, England, northern Russia and even on Novaya Zemlya. Rows of stones form an intricate, spiraling path. These are the least noticeable and, at the same time, extremely impressive megaliths. For the labyrinth is a powerful symbol that weaves together reality. The path to the land of spirits is winding. Who left these stone seals, unsolved signs on the northern, meager land? Like most megaliths, labyrinths are anonymous. Sometimes they are associated with the proto-Sami tribes, but the Sami themselves know nothing about spirals. In addition, labyrinths are widespread far beyond the boundaries of the settlement of the ancestors of this people. The Nenets have a separate opinion on this issue, who consider the flat cairns to be the work of the Sirtya - a short, stocky people of blacksmiths who have long gone underground. |
But sooner or later, building simple stone boxes ceased to bring satisfaction. The dolmen is impressive enough to glorify an individual clan, but not enough to become the pride and cult center of an entire tribal union. People already wanted more. At least just in size.
Individual dolmens began to line up in a long corridor, often with side branches. Sometimes two corridors connected by passages were built. Natural slabs were difficult to match in shape, and for the construction of “walls” masonry began to be used, as in composite dolmens, or solid polished blocks, as in tiled ones.
But even in this case, the structure did not seem majestic enough. Therefore, a colossal cairn was poured on top of the “multi-series” dolmens - an artificial structure in the form of a pile of stones. In order to prevent the pyramid from settling, it was “propped up” with a ring of orthostats along its perimeter. If there was more than one belt, the result was something similar to a ziggurat. The scale of Neolithic gigantomania can be judged by the fact that such structures, which had long ago taken the form of sloping hills, were in modern times operated as quarries for decades before workers discovered the internal chambers.
The most impressive of the Neolithic monuments are now called “corridor tombs” or “megalithic temples.” But the same structure could combine functions or change them over time. In any case, the mounds were poorly suited for rituals. It was too cramped inside. Therefore, cairns continued to coexist with cromlechs until people learned to build real temples, under the arches of which not only priests, but also believers could fit.
The era of megaliths, which began in prehistoric times, has no clear boundaries. It did not end, but only gradually faded away as construction technologies improved. Even in relatively later eras, when the methods of constructing an arch became known, and buildings were built from cut stone and brick, the demand for giant blocks did not disappear. They continued to be used, but rather as a decorative element. And even knowing how to fasten stones with mortar, architects did not always find it necessary to do this. After all, polished stones, fitted to each other, equipped with protrusions and grooves, looked better. Finally, even an unprocessed block sometimes turned out to be in place. The boulder that serves as the base for the equestrian statue of Peter I in St. Petersburg is a typical megalith.
| Titan Towers | |
| Scottish Borchs and Mediterranean Nuraghes are relatively late megaliths, dating back to the Bronze Age. They are towers made of small unprocessed stones without the use of mortar. And the fact that many of these structures, held together only by the weight of the material, still stand today evokes great respect for the builders. The creation of the Borkhs is attributed to the Picts, and the Nuraghes to the Chardins. But both versions are not indisputable. In addition, all that remains of these peoples themselves are the names given to them by foreign chroniclers. The origins and customs of the Picts and Chardins are unknown. And this makes it even more difficult to unravel the purpose of numerous (more than 30,000 nuraghes were built in Sardinia alone) but non-functional structures. Brochs resemble fortifications, but were hardly used for defense because they did not have loopholes and could not accommodate a sufficient number of defenders. They did not light a fire, did not live in them, did not bury the dead and did not store supplies. The objects found in the towers belong almost exclusively to the Celts, who settled Scotland centuries later and tried to come up with some use for the towers. However, they were no more successful than archaeologists. |
SECRETS OF THE BIG STONE
The question remains “how”. How did people deliver huge stones without heavy equipment, how did they lift them, how did they cut them? It is these mysteries that inspire the authors of alternative hypotheses. Which, however, is based on a banal lack of imagination. It is difficult for an unprepared person to imagine how barbarians use stone tools to hew a giant block and manually set it in place. Anyone can imagine how the Atlanteans who have disappeared to who knows where are doing all this for unknown reasons and in an unknown way is within the power of anyone.
But the alternative reasoning contains a fundamental flaw. With cranes and diamond saws, we do not use huge stone monoliths. This is irrational. More convenient materials are now available. Megaliths were built by people who were simply not yet capable of building otherwise.
The stone is really difficult to work with other stone or copper. Therefore, only in the Iron Age did they begin to build from relatively compact hewn “bricks”. After all, the smaller the block, the larger its relative surface. So the Egyptians did not at all seek to complicate their work by using one-and-a-half and two-ton blocks to build the pyramids, which, of course, were not easy to transport and lift. On the contrary, they made it as easy as possible. After all, with the reduction of blocks, the costs of their production would increase sharply, but transportation costs would decrease slightly.
It would have to be forwarded previous weight. The creators of megaliths thought the same way.
Assessing the complexity of a task “by eye” often leads to mistakes. It seems that the work of the builders of Stonehenge was enormous, but, obviously, the costs of constructing the smallest of the Egyptian and Mesoamerican pyramids were incomparably higher. In turn, all the pyramids of Egypt combined took four times less labor, than on the canal alone - a 700-kilometer “understudy” of the Nile bed. This was truly a large-scale project! The Egyptians built the pyramids in free time. For the soul.
Was it difficult to trim and sand a 20-ton slab? Yes. But every peasant or hunter in the Stone Age, during his life, in between times, making necessary tools, brought about 40 square meters of stone to an almost mirror-like shine, choosing, if possible, the hardest rocks: only diamond cannot be processed by chipping and grinding on wet sand.
It seems difficult to deliver huge stones not only without equipment, but also without horses, even without a wheel. Meanwhile, under Peter I, frigates were transported along the route of the future White Sea Canal in this way. Peasants and soldiers pulled the ships along wooden rails, placing wooden rollers on them. Moreover, the cargo had to be dragged onto multi-meter cliffs more than once. In such cases, it was necessary to build a mantel, and sometimes use counterweights in the form of cages with stones. But when giving the order, the king probably did not think long, since we were talking about a completely ordinary operation. The Spaniards also thought it was faster and safer to drag galleons from the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean through the Isthmus of Panama than to drive them around Cape Horn.
Valuable information was provided by a study of Maltese megalithic temples, one of which was suddenly abandoned during construction. Everything that workers usually took with them - stone rollers and sleds - remained in place. Even drawings have been preserved that looked like a miniature model of the structure (this is how they built it - from a model, not from paper - until the 18th century). In addition, in Malta, and later in other megalith-rich regions, “stone rails” were discovered - parallel grooves left by repeated rolling of round stones under heavy sleds.
| Hobby holes |
| The megalithic structures of Skara Brae are unique primarily in that they are residential. Typically, Neolithic people built houses from eternal stone only for the dead. But Scotland at that time was the northern outpost of agriculture. So the surprisingly short people, smaller than the pygmies, who decided to settle on this harsh land, had to dig in conscientiously. The lack of wood also had its effect. The “hobbits” could only rely on logs carried by the sea waves. Other interesting feature these megaliths - in their masonry there is little that would deserve the epithet “mega”. The stones are mostly small. The houses were clearly built by one family, who were unable to deliver a monolithic dolmen slab to the site and install it on the structure. The “hobbit” roofs were made of wood and turf. But in each room there were several miniature megaliths - stone stools and whatnots. |
But still, wasn’t the work too much? Was it really necessary for unknown barbarians to complicate their already difficult life by delivering and lifting 50-ton blocks of Stonehenge? And not for the sake of profit, but for beauty, for fame. Realizing that the arches of the cult center can be made of wood.
The inhabitants of Neolithic England thought not too much. The Romans believed exactly the same thing, using record, unimaginable 800-ton blocks in Baalbek, although they could have easily gotten by with ordinary ones. The Incas agreed with them, cutting intricate puzzles out of stone to assemble the walls of Machu Picchu. Megalithic buildings amaze the imagination even now. They struck him then too. They hit much harder. With their work, the builders glorified the deity, and a little - themselves. And considering that they achieved their goals - although their names are forgotten, their glory, having survived the birth and end of many civilizations, thunders through the millennia - can we say that the work was too great?
On the contrary, it was a very economical solution.
| What to play? |
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Megaliths, huge structures made of massive stone blocks, are also found in our country. There are quite a lot of similar structures in Russia, but they are not as well known as the famous Stonehenge in the UK or Ollantaytambo in Peru. We will get acquainted with the ancient megalithic structures found on the territory of Russia further.
The first place we will start our journey is Mount Vottovaara - the highest point of the Western Karelian Upland - 417.3 m above sea level. The area of the mountain is 6 square meters. km.
The place is simply full of strange artifacts after which you begin to think about ancient highly developed stone processing technologies, let's take a better look at the photo.
Mount Vottovaara.
Megalith blocks are scattered.
Was the near block cut at an angle of 90 degrees or a play of nature?
It’s like using a laser:) geologists believe that the cracks and faults were formed as a result of a strong earthquake about 9 thousand years ago. The even planes of the stones are the result of the properties of the local rock - quartzite, the structure of which determines such even planes when split.
So is it nature or man-made? Let's take a closer look.
More like perfectly cut blocks tightly fitted to each other. It’s hard to imagine an ancient ancestor with a copper chisel somewhere on a mountain turning out such even blocks.
Good angle, perfectly straight wall.
Who lost the ball?)
This obviously involved high technology in stone processing, or is it just a play of nature? :)
Mount Pidan.
At first glance, it looks like an unremarkable pile of cracked rock.
But getting closer it looks more like megalithic masonry.
Looking between the blocks, where the stones were less exposed to erosion from wind and rain, you can see the man-made nature and how smooth edges have been preserved.
In the place where the joint of the blocks split apart, an even cut can be seen and the technology for laying these blocks opens before us.
Stone town in the Perm region.
According to scientists, the Stone City is the mouth of a river that flowed into the Permian Sea millions of years ago; this is what explains the beautifully and evenly, at right angles, carved stones, their neat laying and the “channels” of the “mouth” perpendicular to each other.
Stone city.
Look how smooth the sides of the megaliths are, as if they were cut down.
Again old method look between the blocks inside the masonry, look at the far block in the center, an even cut along the entire length of the block.
They say somewhere on the Kola Peninsula there is this pool carved right into the rock.
In the south of Western Siberia in the mountainous Shoria in the Mezhdurechensky region there is a small geological village called Kameshki.
Several educated, talented geologists live in this village. These are Alexander Bespalov, Vyacheslav Pochetkin and others. These people spent their entire lives researching the mountain systems of Western Siberia. One day they came across strange megalithic structures in the mountains, which they could not explain to themselves. These were walls made of giant stone blocks and strange buildings with vertically mounted stone obelisks. They contacted Georgy Sidorov via the Internet, and the first expedition was assembled.
Mountain Shoria.
Some granite blocks below were made of red granite, topped with blocks of gray granite, and above lay a polygonal masonry of various blocks, both red and gray granite.
The granite in some places melted from exposure to enormous temperatures and flowed under the weight of the upper rows. Kungurov would say about this that these are traces of melting from a thermonuclear explosion :)
The wall is made of polygonal masonry made of multi-colored blocks.
The size of the blocks is impressive; according to one version, the find is a man-made structure over 100 thousand years old.
In the photo, Georgy Sidorov, in his opinion, this entire megalithic structure may be the ruins of an ancient power plant or power plant, which transferred seismic energy to some others.
Looking inside the masonry again, where the blocks were less susceptible to erosion, smooth straight edges are visible, look at how the two blocks lie tightly, the handicraft is better visible here.
Polygonal masonry.
Mountain Shoria. Huge blocks.
at the Department of Radiophysics in Tomsk State University showed photographs on the screen, talked about various types masonry, about stone castles that hold together giant granite blocks and not a single physicist said that all this is of natural origin. What surprised them most was how the ancients could lift giant stone blocks to a height of more than 1000 meters and install them there on a special platform.
Then, in the Tomsk branch of the Russian Geographical Society, the photographs were studied by scientific geologists and geographers. Both of them came to the conclusion that the presented artifacts were man-made.
Sklyarov was asked to comment on the find. And what did he say? That all the artifacts found are nothing more than rocks cracked at right angles. That there is nothing man-made here. Just a game of nature, nothing more.
After these words, I am not surprised why LAI does not study Russian megaliths.
Between blocks.
For comparison, on the left is the megalith in Baalbek, on the right is the megalith in the mountainous Shoria, it looks like the author is the same :)
Mount Shaman near the village. Nizhnetambovskoe, Khabarovsk region.
Ancient megalithic masonry.
Again, the handiwork and straight lines are better visible between the blocks.
Large megalith block.
A large megalith block on small stones, this is done for better earthquake resistance.
The megalithic masonry resembles Mountain Shoria.
Kabardino-Balkaria, cave in the Baksan Gorge.
First you need to squeeze into a hole measuring 40 by 120 cm, then climb down a narrow vertical shaft on a rope. It is formed by two parallel stone slabs. After 9 meters there is the first “knee”: the hole goes to the side and immediately breaks down again. Already here you will be covered in absolute silence - not a sound penetrates from outside. Another 23 meters deep - and a new “knee”. To reach the bottom of the cave, you need to overcome more than 80 meters, and it will take a whole hour. But, having passed the “bottleneck”, you will find yourself in a huge room, which the researchers called the “flask”. Inside we will see processed walls made of tuff and granite, composed of polished megaliths of different sizes, tightly fitted to each other.
Descent into the cave.
The edges of the blocks and the seams between them are clearly visible.
The smooth masonry is amazing and the seams are clearly adjusted to each other.
The triangular blocks have moved slightly apart.
Barely noticeable seams of blocks on the left half-lunar wall and on the wall behind it.
How do you like the seams?
Rotate the cave at an angle of 90 degrees. Two large megalithic blocks stand on top of each other.
The technologies for processing stone are amazing, and even more amazing is the comment of the head of the Kabardino-Balkarian geological exploration expedition, Vera Davidenko, but she is a realist and believes that nature can do everything and concluded: “Tuff is an accumulation of products of volcanic ejection - ash, fragments of lava , volcanic glass and, to a small extent, rock fragments that make up the crater walls. The ejecta material was hot during accumulation and therefore, when it solidified, cracks formed separately - that is, the entire tuff massif appeared to be broken into blocks. The depression discovered in the area of the village of Zayukovo is one of these gravitational separation cracks, which is characterized by smooth contact surfaces,” but this is the head of the geological exploration expedition, she probably knows better.
Scheme of the structure.
A little fantasy for the finale) Arakul Shikhan, a strange structure in the middle of the forest. I have everything, kick me :)
Studying megalithic structures will reveal the technologies of the past. How many civilizations existed in ancient times and can we find traces of them that will complement our understanding of the history of our world?
Who built the huge megalithic structures, the age of which scientists cannot always accurately determine? What technologies were used in their construction and what secrets of stone processing have we lost? What are modern scientists hiding when they deliberately destroy many ancient artifacts? Alexander Koltypin, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, is confident that answers to these questions can be provided by new approach to the study of ancient monuments.
Alexander Koltypin: A single underground-ground megalithic complex, like a foundation, the foundation of some previous world destroyed by a catastrophe. I’m not even sure that this is one world, because if we compare geological and folklore legends of catastrophes that destroy previous worlds, then there were at least 4 of them, because, for example, according to Aztec legends, Mayan legends, Indian legends there were 5 or 6 worlds , and according to Jain almost 7 religious texts, and they were destroyed by global disasters.
Therefore, this complex, which consists of underground structures, underground cities, ruins and some kind of megalithic buildings, passing smoothly through underground structures, and sometimes between them you don’t even see any joints, fastenings, as if, here are megalithic the blocks, as it were, were cut out of the rocky base themselves and continued it further. Perhaps this is a single last world destroyed, previous previous to ours, possibly in different places different worlds, that is, not only the penultimate world, but also the worlds preceding this penultimate one. This is difficult to say, because these complexes are silent, they do not contain any minerals, and to determine its absolute age, I see only one possibility so far, this is to scrape off monomineral fractions from the crusts of secondary altered rocks of underground cities and isolate there, for example, potassium minerals, carry out analysis using the potassium-argon method, we will determine not the age of construction of these structures, but only the time when this crust of secondary altered rocks was formed.
At least, determine its age by the coals of rock found in them, as they do now, by scraps of clothing, there, the remains of some baskets, skeletal remains that could get there, say, after 50, after 10 million years, so , this is completely wrong. It turns out that these megalithic structures, although they form, in my opinion, one complex throughout the world, which is globally distributed throughout the world, covering the entire globe, it is also developed at the bottom of the oceans. It is represented in the master plan by 3 different entities. These are underground structures, and some underground structures, they are simply amazing in the clarity of execution, clearly neither chisels nor some kind of handicraft tools were working here, absolutely perfectly carved dome-shaped caves, with completely smooth walls, that these are clearly some kind of machines, machine processing . In the Gavrin region of Israel, in the bell caves, 30 meters high and about a hundred meters in diameter, traces of drilling are visible, and some kind of drill with an expanding diameter was coming from above, they are clearly visible. What civilization did all this? On many structures, for example, the same structures in Mareshi and in Israel, pyramidal or trapezoidal holes are cut out that run along the perimeter. For what purpose? For what? The acoustics in these rooms are usually stunning, and operas are held there. Or, for example, as we saw this year in Bulgaria, on the outside of such structures, on the contrary, trapezoidal holes are often visible, which are also located according to a certain system, but there are no acoustics at all, there is simply no echo, they are called “deaf stones” , due to this.
That is, this is also probably not some kind of coincidence, in one case there is such an echo that it is simply difficult to withstand it, in another there is no echo at all, that is, ancient civilizations built these structures, taking into account the obvious use of them for some reason. then acoustic properties. This second complex is simply megalithic, the ruins of some megalithic buildings, castles, buildings, most often they are often composed of basalts, indesites, limestones, completely different stones, and there are different blocks and square shape, there are also complexly carved ones, like, for example, in Hattusash, and some in the form of stairs, there, ledges are carved. Sometimes there are rectangular blocks, there are 500, 600, 1000 even a ton, like in Levan there is such a colossus that is leaning against. And the third type is on the tops of the mountains that we saw, I call them Perpheus fortresses, on the periphery there are megalithic blocks, sometimes they are several tons, sometimes there are dozens of tons, and many tens of tons. As a rule, there are round wells on the site, some arches that go down, which, in our opinion, were completely deliberately filled up by someone so that they would not be studied.
As a rule, there are no excursions there; reference materials, for example, tourist guides, say nothing about them at all. For example, when I started talking about Hattusas, I forgot to say that when describing Hattusas, not a single word was said about the fact that there are megalithic structures there in any tourist guide, not in any description on the Internet, not in any archaeological material about this that I read, not a word was said either. We only went there, assuming that we could find such blocks, because there was Sklyarov’s expedition there before us, which described that there was megalithic masonry there, moreover, in a neighboring place in Alaki-Khayu, and we saw such an abundance. Either there is a silencing going on, or they don’t know, or the archaeologists who are working really understand that this complex does not fit into the dating they are doing, and they are just trying to keep quiet about its presence. This also applies to stone statues, for example, in the museums of Ankara, in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara there are stone sphinxes and stone lions, they are also in a place that also dates back to the Hittite era. When we compare these destroyed sphinxes, which have torn off ears, heads, eaten by erosion, a powerful crust of secondary changes, when we compare them with a perfectly preserved ceramic vase, well, that they are of the same age, a very big, to put it mildly, doubt arises. These structures were built by completely different people or creatures, that is, these are the structures that are folded in blocks that weigh about a hundred, tens and hundreds of tons, loaded onto a mountain, or somewhere we see in such, well, not quite on the mountain, in mountainous areas, but which previously occupied a large area. It seems that they were really built by some giants, and there are many legends about giants who, with the help of their psychic energy, with the help of levitation, moved these stones, without even expending effort on this themselves, but possessing some kind of superhuman abilities .
Secondly, this is, undoubtedly, in Turkey, in the Phrygian Valley, we saw this when we traveled to a number of objects, many structures were built by people or creatures of similar physique to humans, and underground structures. Because, for example, the rooms that have been preserved, the windows have been preserved, the doors to these rooms have been preserved, you walk through them completely normally, you feel completely comfortable in them, these are all carved in stone. So, that is, the creatures were building, but the fact that they pulled these blocks up the mountain, and these are not only blocks, these are the rooms in which we are sitting comfortably, about the same size, carved entirely out of stone. Here was a stone, there was such a block, and a hole was cut out, then windows were cut out, and so on, all this was dragged up the mountain. That is, these, again, are creatures who possessed some unimaginable superhuman ability. Also, many underground structures, for example, because, for example, in Taklarin I saw a preserved toilet underground, which was clearly for creatures of an ordinary, normal human physique, approximately, it was built according to a similar principle. And at the same time, some buildings, such as in Cappadocia, were apparently built by some kind of dwarfs. I can’t give a better comparison than this Chud, which is in the Urals, and, by the way, that there were people there Chud, we were told about this back in the first year of the institute so unofficially that all copper deposits were found in the footsteps of this mysterious dwarf people, Chud. In fairy tales this is called gnomes, that is, some kind of dwarf shelter, because you literally have to crawl through many underground structures almost on all fours. This is especially evident in Cappadacia, Israel, in underground cities, that their construction often took place in several stages.
That is, at first some machines worked, mechanisms made halls, magnificent vaulted arches, columns carved in stone, sculptures, apparently, stood. I even found some kind of handwritten writing in one such room, and showed it to the specialists, the stamped writing was clearly from the time when it was built. Their interpretation was different, one specialist from Serbia said that this is approximately an ancient Slavic date, which approximately corresponds to the third millennium BC. Now, given that this building, since there are many bas-relief crosses carved into it, officially dates back to the Byzantine era. Well, you understand, this is our Christian era. Other experts generally said that this is not a date, but is written, like, I don’t remember verbatim now, “legacy from past to future civilizations.” Here, that is, as it were, this is what we will die, or we will perish, but this will survive centuries and remain forever, that is, this is the translation of this structure, but this is quite interesting. And, apparently, there were some kind of statues, and, for example, in the Valley of Love in Cappadocia I saw a place where the bas-reliefs of these statues were preserved. They are eaten away by severe erosion, smoothed out, in the Greater Yazilikaya plateau in Turkey in the Phrygian Valley, between Athinyonkarahisar city and Şehir, about 200 kilometers west of Ankara. On the Great Yazilikaya plateau, where erosion is also smoothed out, stone monuments of lions, elephants, some birds and other mythical animals have been preserved and are quite clearly visible in photographs; their contours are difficult to recognize, but they are recognizable from different angles, because, apparently , millions of years have passed since they were made. Stone thrones, wells, and so on have been preserved there, that is, all this is the heritage of ancient civilizations.
Civilizations, as I said, most likely were different, that is, giants, civilization, some of these were built, some were built by creatures close to us in physique, at least those cities that I call elven. Perhaps these are mythical elves who had superpowers. Dwarfs, it’s just that ordinary people came next, who... Every civilization that occurred made changes to underground cities, completed building them. For example, if at first the machines were working, then they started working with the help of ordinary stone chisels, and this is often misleading. In addition, for example, in Turkey, again in the Çavuşin region, we observed how some modern forces were driving around and using chisels, spoiling these perfectly carved stone structures. Apparently, in order to also create the illusion among tourists, perhaps among specialists, that this is not an ancient building of some primitive savages, but of some kind of high civilization.
* Additional Information:
On the website "" you will find a detailed story about artifacts and evidence ancient history humanity. -
The origins of architecture date back to the late Neolithic. It was then that stone was already used for the construction of monumental buildings. But the purpose of most of the monuments that have come down to us from that period is not known.
Megaliths(from Greek - big stone) - structures made of huge stone blocks, characteristic of the late Neolithic. All megaliths can be divided into two categories. The first includes the most ancient architectural structures of prehistoric (preliterate) societies: menhirs, cromlechs, dolmens, temples of the island of Malta,). For them, stones were either not processed at all or with minimal processing. The cultures that left these monuments are called megalithic. Megalithic culture also includes labyrinths (structures made of small stones), and individual stones with petroglyphs (footprints). Also considered megalithic architecture are the structures of more advanced societies (tombs of Japanese emperors and dolmens of the Korean nobility).
The second category consists of structures of more developed architecture. These are mainly structures made of very large stones, which are given a geometric correct form. Such megalithic architecture is typical of early states, but was also built in later times. These are monuments of the Mediterranean - Egyptian pyramids, buildings of the Mycenaean civilization, the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. IN South America- some buildings in Tiwanaku, Ollantaytambo, Sacsayhuaman. Tiwanaku, Sacsayhuamane, Ollantaytambo.
Menhir– it is usually a free-standing stone with traces of working, sometimes oriented in some way or marking a particular direction.
Cromlech – this is a circle of standing stones, varying degrees intact and with different orientations. The term henge has the same meaning. This term is usually used in relation to structures of this type in the UK. However, similar structures existed in prehistoric times also in Germany (Goloring, Goseck Circle) and in other countries.
Dolmen is something like a stone house.
All of them are united by the name “ megaliths”, which simply translates to “big stones”. For the most part, according to some scientists, they served for burials or were associated with the funeral cult. There are other opinions. Apparently, megaliths are communal buildings with a socializing function. Their construction represented a most difficult task for primitive technology and required the unification of large masses of people.
Gobekli Tepe, Türkiye Complex on the Armenian Highlands It is considered the oldest of the largest megalithic structures (approximately X-IX millennium BC). At that time, people were still hunting and gathering, but someone was able to erect circles of huge steles with images of animals. The shape of the temple resembles concentric circles, of which there are about twenty. According to experts, the complex was deliberately covered with sand in the seventh millennium BC, so for more than nine thousand years the temple was hidden by the Gobekli Tepe hill, whose height was almost fifteen meters and its diameter was about three hundred meters.
Some megalithic structures were important ceremonial centers associated with the cult of the dead. For example, a complex of more than 3,000 stones in Carnac (Brittany), France. Megaliths up to four meters high are arranged in slender alleys, the rows run parallel to each other or fan out, and in some places form circles. The complex dates back to the 5th–4th millennium BC. There were legends in Brittany that the great Merlin turned the ranks of Roman legionnaires to stone.
Megaliths at Carnac (Brittany) France
Other megalith complexes have been used to determine the timing of astronomical events such as solstices and equinoxes. In the Nabta Playa area in the Nubian desert b A megalithic structure was found that served for astronomical purposes. This archaeoastronomical monument is 1000 years older than Stonehenge. The location of the megaliths makes it possible to determine the day of the summer solstice. Archaeologists believe that people lived here seasonally, when there was water in the lake, and therefore needed a calendar.
Nabta Observatory, Nubia, Sahara
Stonehenge is a structure of 82 five-ton megaliths, 30 stone blocks weighing 25 tons and 5 huge so-called trilithons, stones weighing up to 50 tons. Folded stone blocks form arches that once served as a perfect indicator of the cardinal directions. Scientists suggest that this monument was built in 3100 BC by those who lived on British Isles tribes to observe the Sun and Moon. The ancient monolith is not only a solar and lunar calendar, as previously thought, but also represents an accurate cross-sectional model of the solar system.
Stonehenge, UK, Salisbury.
Mathematical comparison of parameters of different geometric shapes Cromlech made it possible to establish that all of them are a reflection of the parameters of various planets of our system, and model the orbits of their rotation around the Sun. But the most amazing thing is that Stonehenge depicts the orbits of 12 planets solar system, although today it is believed that there are only 9 of them. Astronomers have long hypothesized that beyond the outer orbit of Pluto there are two more planets unknown to us, and the asteroid belt, which is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, is the remains of a once-existing twelfth planet Solar system. How could the ancient builders know about this?
There is another interesting version about the purpose of Stonehenge. Excavations of a path along which ritual processions walked in ancient times confirm the hypothesis that Stonehenge was built along the relief ice age, which found itself on the solstice axis. The place was special: an amazing natural landscape was located on the very axis of the solstice, as if connecting earth and sky.
Cromlech Brougar or Temple of the Sun , Orkney Islands. Initially it had 60 elements, but now it consists of 27 rocks. Archaeologists date the Cromlech of Brodgar or the ring of Brodgar to 2500 - 2000 BC. The area where the Brodgar monument is located is ritual, sacred, and communicative. It is literally stuffed with burial mounds, group and individual burials, even a “cathedral,” as well as the dwellings and villages of Neolithic people. All these monuments are united into a single complex, protected by UNESCO. Archaeological research is currently being carried out in Orkney.
Cromlech Broughgar or Sun Temple, Orkney
Dolmens. Scientists believe that the approximate age dolmens are 3–10 thousand years old. The most famous dolmens are located in Scandinavia, on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Europe and Africa, on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in the Kuban region, and in India. However, most of them are in the Caucasus - about 2.5 thousand! Here along the Black Sea coast (megaliths generally gravitate towards the seas) you can find “classical” tiled dolmens, monolithic dolmens, entirely hollowed out in the rock, dolmen structures made from a combination of stone slabs and blocks laid in two or more rows. They also talk about the spiritual content of these amazing structures, their energy charges.
Dolmen in the valley of the Zhane River
Maltese temples were built long before the Egyptian pyramids - in the Bronze Age. Their age is more than 5000 years. It is curious that all these structures were built without the use of iron tools. The scale of all megaliths is so grandiose that local residents They were believed to have been built by giant giants. The question still remains open of how ancient people managed to build such tall buildings from huge stones up to 7 meters in size and weighing up to 20 tons, without using a binding solution, if we remember that temples were built even before the invention of the wheel. Scientists have established that the cultures of prehistoric Malta are largely related to Sicily, so it is possible that Malta was the cult center of the Sicilian Neolithic peoples.
There is not a single temple that has survived in its original form to this day. It is believed that only four of them have survived relatively intact - the temples of Ggantija, Hadjar Kvim, Mnajdra and Tarshin. Although they too suffered the sad fate of a not entirely reliable reconstruction.
Temples of Ggantija in Šara(Xaghra - “giant”) are located in the center of the island of Gozo and are one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. Today, the Ggantija temples are believed to have been built around 3600 BC. 
The structure consists of two separate temples with different entrances, but a common back wall. Each of the temples has a slightly concave facade, in front of which there is a platform of large stone blocks. Most ancient temple The complex consists of three semicircular rooms arranged in the shape of a trefoil.
Modern scientists believe that such a trinity symbolizes the past, present and future or birth, life and death. According to a common version, the temple complex was a sanctuary for the worship of the goddess of fertility. Findings discovered during archaeological work help to draw this conclusion. But there is another version, according to which Ggantija is nothing more than a tomb. People of the megalithic era really devoted too much time and effort to observing traditions. Honoring their ancestors, they erected grandiose tombs, and later, these places were used as sanctuaries where they worshiped the gods.
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In many countries of the world and even on the seabed there are mysterious structures made of huge stone blocks and slabs. They were called megaliths (from the Greek words “megas” - large and “lithos” - stone). It is still not known exactly who and for what purpose carried out such titanic work in very ancient times in various places on the planet, because the weight of some blocks reaches tens, or even hundreds of tons.
The most amazing stones in the world
Megaliths are divided into dolmens, menhirs and trilithons. Dolmens are the most common type of megaliths; these are peculiar stone “houses”; in Brittany (province of France) alone there are at least 4,500 of them. Menhirs are vertically mounted elongated stone blocks. If a third is placed on top of two vertically mounted blocks, then such a structure is called a trilith. If the trilithons are installed in a ring ensemble, as in the case of the famous Stonehenge, then such a structure is called a cromlech.
Until now, no one can say for sure for what purpose these impressive structures were built. There are a lot of hypotheses on this matter, but none of them can comprehensively answer all the questions posed by these silent, majestic stones.
For a long time, megaliths were associated with an ancient funeral ritual, but archaeologists did not find any burials near most of these stone structures, and those that were found were most likely made at a later time.
The most widespread hypothesis, supported by many scientists, connects the construction of megaliths with the most ancient astronomical observations. In fact, some megaliths can be used as sights, allowing one to record the rising and setting points of the Sun and Moon on the solstices and equinoxes.
However, opponents of this hypothesis have quite fair questions and criticisms. Firstly, there are a lot of megaliths that are difficult to associate with any astronomical observations. Secondly, why did the ancients at that distant time need such a labor-intensive method of understanding the movements of the heavenly bodies? After all, even if they set the timing of agricultural work in this way, it is well known that the start of sowing depends much more on the condition of the soil and weather than on a specific date, and can shift in one direction or another. Thirdly, opponents of the astronomical hypothesis rightly point out that with such an abundance of megaliths, as, for example, in Karnak, you can always pick up a dozen stones allegedly installed for astronomical purposes, but what were thousands of others intended for then?
The scale of work carried out by the ancient builders is also impressive. Let's not dwell on Stonehenge, a lot has already been written about it, let's remember the megaliths of Karnak. Perhaps this is the largest megalithic ensemble in the whole world. Scientists believe that at first it numbered up to 10 thousand menhirs! Now only about 3 thousand vertically installed stone blocks have survived, in some cases reaching a height of several meters.
It is believed that this ensemble originally stretched for 8 km from Saint-Barbe to the Crash River; now it has survived for only 3 kilometers. There are three groups of megaliths. To the north of the village of Karnak there is a cromlech in the form of a semicircle and eleven ranks, in which there are 1169 menhirs with a height of 60 cm to 4 m. The length of the row is 1170 m.
No less impressive are the other two groups, which, most likely, once, together with the first, formed a single ensemble, back at the end of the 18th century. it was more or less preserved in its original form. The largest menhir of the entire ensemble was 20 meters high! Unfortunately, now it has been toppled and split, however, even in this form, the megalith inspires involuntary respect for the creators of such a miracle. By the way, even with the help modern technology It is very difficult to deal with even a small megalith if it needs to be restored to its original form or moved to another place.
Are dwarfs “to blame” for everything?
Megalithic structures have been discovered even at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, and the oldest megaliths date back to the 8th millennium BC. Who was the author of such labor-intensive and mysterious stone structures?
Many legends in which megaliths are mentioned in one way or another often feature mysterious, powerful dwarfs who can effortlessly perform work that is beyond the capabilities of ordinary people. So, in Polynesia such dwarfs are called menehunes. According to local legends, they were ugly-looking creatures, only vaguely reminiscent of people, only 90 cm tall.
Although the menehunes had a look that made your blood run cold, the dwarves were generally kind to people and sometimes even helped them. Menehunes could not stand sunlight, so they appeared only after sunset, in the dark. Polynesians believe that these dwarfs are the authors of megalithic structures. It is curious that menehunes appeared in Oceania, arriving on the large three-tiered island of Kuaihelani.
If the Menehunes needed to be on land, their flying island would descend into the water and float to the shore. After completing the intended work, the dwarfs on their island again rose into the clouds.
The Adyghe people call the famous Caucasian dolmens houses of dwarfs, and Ossetian legends mention dwarfs who were called the Bitsenta people. The bicenta dwarf, despite his height, had remarkable strength and was capable of knocking down a huge tree with one glance. There are also references to dwarfs among the aborigines of Australia: as is known, megaliths are also found in large numbers on this continent.
In Western Europe, where there is no shortage of megaliths, there are also widespread legends about powerful dwarfs who, like the Polynesian menehunes, cannot stand daylight and are distinguished by remarkable physical strength.
Although many scientists still retain a certain skepticism towards legends, the widespread dissemination in the folklore of peoples of information about the existence of a small powerful people should be based on some real facts. Maybe a race of dwarfs actually once existed on Earth, or were aliens from outer space mistaken for them (remember the flying island of the Menehunes)?
The mystery remains a mystery for now
Megaliths may have been created for purposes that are still unclear to us. This conclusion was reached by scientists who studied the unusual energy effects that are observed in the locations of megaliths. Thus, for some stones the instruments were able to register a weak electromagnetic radiation and ultrasounds. In 1989, researchers even detected inexplicable radio signals under one of the stones.
According to scientists, such mysterious effects can be explained by the fact that megaliths were often installed in places where there are faults in the earth's crust. How did the ancients find these places? Maybe with the help of dowsers? Why were megaliths installed in energetically active places? earth's crust? Scientists do not yet have clear answers to these questions.
In 1992, Kyiv researchers R. S. Furduy and Yu. M. Shvaidak proposed a hypothesis that megaliths could be complex technical devices, namely generators of acoustic or electronic vibrations. Quite an unexpected assumption, isn't it?
This hypothesis was not born out of nowhere. The fact is that English scientists had already established that many megaliths emit ultrasonic pulses. As scientists at Oxford University have suggested, ultrasonic vibrations arise due to weak electrical currents induced by solar radiation. Each individual stone emits a small amount of energy, but as a whole, a megalithic stone complex can create a powerful burst of energy at times.
It is curious that for most megaliths their creators selected rocks containing a large number of quartz. This mineral is capable of generating a weak electric current under the influence of compression... As is known, stones either shrink or expand due to temperature changes...
They tried to unravel the mystery of the megaliths based on the fact that their creators were primitive people of the Stone Age, but this approach turned out to be unproductive. Why not assume the opposite: the creators of megaliths had a very developed intellect, allowing them to use the natural properties of natural materials to solve technical problems still unknown to us. In fact - a minimum of costs, and what a disguise! These stones have stood for thousands of years, fulfilling their tasks, and only now people have some still vague doubts about their true purpose.
No metal could have withstood so much time, it would have been stolen by our enterprising ancestors or eaten away by corrosion, but the megaliths still stand... Perhaps someday we will reveal their secret, but for now it is better not to touch these stones. Who knows, maybe these structures are neutralizers of some formidable natural forces?