Large and small circle of blood circulation presentation. Presentation on the topic "blood circulation". Circulation in biology

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7 heart blood vessels Cardiovascular system arteries veins capillaries

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8 The heart is a large, muscular, hollow organ weighing approximately 300 grams and about the size of its owner's clenched fist. Internally, the heart is divided by a membrane into what is called a "right heart" and a "left heart". Each part is divided in turn into the atrium and the cardiac chamber, located below the atrium-ventricle.

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Scheme of blood flow in the heart

9 Left ventricle Left atrium Pulmonary veins Pulmonary artery aorta Superior vena cava Right atrium Inferior vena cava Right ventricle Valves

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10 heart P.P. L.P. P.Zh. L.F. In the left half of the heart there is arterial blood. In the right half of the heart there is venous blood.

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11 Arterial blood is oxygenated blood. It is marked in red on the diagram.

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12 Venous blood - blood saturated with carbon dioxide. It is marked in blue on the diagram.

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Blood vessels within the body can be divided into three groups: arteries and veins capillaries

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14 Arteries and veins serve solely to transport blood throughout the body. Capillaries are responsible for the exchange of substances between the blood and the body.

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15 ARTERY - a blood vessel through which blood moves FROM THE HEART VEIN - A BLOOD VESSEL IN WHICH BLOOD MOVES INTO THE HEART

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16 Designations on the diagrams: Left atrium - L.P. Right atrium - P.P. Left ventricle - L.Zh. Right ventricle - P.Zh.

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17 P.P. P.Zh. L.P. L.Zh. vein vein artery artery

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VIENNA

18 Veins are blood vessels that transport blood towards the heart. The layers of the walls of the veins are thinner than the similar layers of the arteries. The muscle layer is highlighted weaker. Veins are larger in diameter than arteries.

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19 In order to prevent blood from flowing back, some veins are equipped with so-called venous valves.

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Function of venous valves

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21 Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the human body. They communicate between arteries and veins.

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Systemic circulation

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23 Arterial blood flows in the arteries of the systemic circle Venous blood flows in the veins of the systemic circle

Circulation is the circulation of blood in the human body. Continuity of blood flow is ensured Continuity of blood flow is provided by the circulatory organs. circulatory organs. Heart Vessels Heart Vessels Chamber Walls Arteries Veins Valves Capillaries Valves Capillaries

The structure of the heart. The heart is located in the chest cavity behind the sternum, slightly shifted to the left from the middle. The mass of the heart in a man is gr, in a woman - gr. The average volume of the heart in a man is cm 3, in a woman - cm 3. The heart is located in the chest cavity behind the sternum, shifted somewhat to the left from the middle. The mass of the heart in a man is gr, in a woman - gr. The average volume of the heart in a man is cm 3, in a woman - cm 3. The heart is the “middle”. The heart is a hollow four-chamber muscular organ, a “muscular pump”. The heart is the middle. The heart is a hollow four-chamber muscular organ, a “muscular pump”.

The structure of the heart. The pericardial sac contains a serous fluid that lubricates the heart and reduces friction during its contractions. The pericardial sac contains a serous fluid that lubricates the heart and reduces friction during its contractions. The wall of the heart has three layers: The wall of the heart has three layers: epicardium - the outer serous layer, covers the heart (fuses with the pericardium); epicardium - outer serous layer, covers the heart (fuses with the pericardium); myocardium - the middle muscle layer formed by the striated heart muscle; myocardium - the middle muscle layer formed by the striated heart muscle; endocardium - the inner layer (of the epithelium). endocardium - the inner layer (of the epithelium).

The structure of the heart Conventionally, the heart is divided by a septum into two halves, left and right. The left half is two halves, left and right. The left half consists of the left ventricle and the left atrium. Between them is a bicuspid valve. He has only two valves in a different way, he is called mitral. The right half of the heart consists of the right ventricle and the right atrium. They are the right ventricle and the right atrium. They are also separated by a valve, but this valve has three flaps and is therefore called a three-leaf valve. The valves open and close the passage between the atria and ventricles, forcing blood into the atria and ventricles, forcing blood to flow in the same direction. Between the ventricles and arteries are semilunar valves, and arteries are semilunar valves, each of which consists of three pockets. each of which consists of three pockets. Valve (German) "klappe" - "lid". Valves of the heart and blood vessels provide movement Valves of the heart and blood vessels ensure the movement of blood in exactly one direction: blood is strictly in one direction: through the arteries - from the heart, through the arteries - from the heart, through the veins - to the heart, through the veins - to the heart, from the atria - in the stomach. from the atria to the ventricles.

The structure of the heart. P Atrium (lat.) - “atrium” - “front yard”, ventricles - muscular formations. The walls of the chambers vary in thickness depending on the work being done. When the walls of the atria contract, little work is done - blood is supplied to the ventricles, so these walls are relatively thin. The right ventricle pushes blood through the pulmonary circulation, and the left ventricle ejects blood into the systemic circulation, so its walls are 2-3 times thicker than the walls of the right ventricle.

The work of the heart. The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat. The cardiac cycle consists of three phases. Atrial contraction - atrial systole - lasts about 0.1 sec. The ventricles are relaxed, the cusp valves are open, and the semilunar valves are closed. The contraction of the ventricles - ventricular systole - lasts about 0.3 seconds, while the atria are relaxed, the flap valves are closed. Blood rushes into the pulmonary artery and aorta. Complete relaxation of the heart - cardiac pause or diastole - lasts about 0.4 seconds. The duration of the cardiac cycle is about 0.8 seconds.

What is the reason for the high efficiency of the heart? It is due to the high level of metabolic processes occurring in it. The heart has its own "built-in" mechanism that ensures the contraction of muscle fibers. The impulses travel from the atria to the ventricles. This ability of the heart to contract rhythmically without external stimuli, under the influence of impulses arising in it, is called automatism. It is due to the high level of metabolic processes occurring in it. The heart has its own "built-in" mechanism that ensures the contraction of muscle fibers. The impulses travel from the atria to the ventricles. This ability of the heart to contract rhythmically without external stimuli, under the influence of impulses arising in it, is called automatism. Automatism is provided by special muscle cells. They are innervated by the endings of autonomic neurons. In these cells, the membrane potential can reach 90 mV, which leads to the generation of an excitation wave. Automatism is provided by special muscle cells. They are innervated by the endings of autonomic neurons. In these cells, the membrane potential can reach 90 mV, which leads to the generation of an excitation wave.

Human heart: contracting: contracting: 70 beats per minute; 70 beats per minute; 100 thousand times a day; 100 thousand times a day; 40 million per year; 40 million per year; 2.5 billion in a lifetime. 2.5 billion in a lifetime. pumps blood: pumps blood: in 2 minutes - 5.5 liters; in 2 minutes - 5.5 liters; per day - liters; per day - liters; for 70 years - 200 million liters. for 70 years - 200 million liters.

arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. The walls consist of three shells: the inner one is endothelial cells, the middle one is smooth muscle tissue, and the outer one is loose connective tissue. The walls of the arteries are thick and resilient, which allows them to withstand the pressure of the blood pumped out of the heart. The walls consist of three shells: the inner one is endothelial cells, the middle one is smooth muscle tissue, and the outer one is loose connective tissue. The walls of the arteries are thick and resilient, which allows them to withstand the pressure of the blood pumped out of the heart. Arteries are located deeper than veins, because. their damage is much more dangerous than damage to the veins. Arteries are located deeper than veins, because. their damage is much more dangerous than damage to the veins.

Vienna. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. Vessels of the head do not have a muscular membrane, because. blood flows naturally through them (from top to bottom). Vessels of the head do not have a muscular membrane, because. blood flows naturally through them (from top to bottom). The walls of the veins of the lower extremities have a well-developed muscular layer. Veins have semilunar valves to prevent backflow of blood. When approaching the heart, the muscular membrane decreases, and the valves disappear. The walls of the veins of the lower extremities have a well-developed muscular layer. Veins have semilunar valves to prevent backflow of blood. When approaching the heart, the muscular membrane decreases, and the valves disappear. The walls of the veins are less elastic, but more extensible. The walls of the veins are less elastic, but more extensible.

capillaries. Vessels that form the connection between the arterial and venous systems. The walls are single-layer, consist of a single layer of cells - the endothelium. Vessels that form the connection between the arterial and venous systems. The walls are single-layer, consist of a single layer of cells - the endothelium. Capillaries are vessels in which the main exchange takes place between the blood and the internal environment of the body, tissues and organs. Capillaries are vessels in which the main exchange takes place between the blood and the internal environment of the body, tissues and organs.

Circles of blood circulation. The systemic circulation begins with the aorta, which departs from the left ventricle. The systemic circulation begins with the aorta, which departs from the left ventricle. Oxygenated (arterial) blood from the aorta travels through the arteries to the internal organs and tissues. There, the arteries split into capillaries. Capillaries in a wide network permeate all organs and tissues of the body. In the capillaries, the blood gives off oxygen and nutrients, and from them it receives metabolic products, including carbon dioxide. Capillaries pass into venules, the blood of which is collected in small, medium and large veins. Blood from the upper body enters the superior vena cava, and from the bottom - into the inferior vena cava. Both of these veins empty into the right atrium, where the systemic circulation ends. Oxygenated (arterial) blood from the aorta travels through the arteries to the internal organs and tissues. There, the arteries split into capillaries. Capillaries in a wide network permeate all organs and tissues of the body. In the capillaries, the blood gives off oxygen and nutrients, and from them it receives metabolic products, including carbon dioxide. Capillaries pass into venules, the blood of which is collected in small, medium and large veins. Blood from the upper body enters the superior vena cava, and from the bottom - into the inferior vena cava. Both of these veins empty into the right atrium, where the systemic circulation ends. (Big K.K.: left ventricle - tissues and organs - right atrium). (Big K.K.: left ventricle - tissues and organs - right atrium).

Circles of blood circulation. The pulmonary circulation begins with the pulmonary trunk, which departs from the right ventricle and carries venous blood to the lungs. The pulmonary circulation begins with the pulmonary trunk, which departs from the right ventricle and carries venous blood to the lungs. The pulmonary trunk branches into two branches, going to the left and right lungs. In the lungs, the pulmonary arteries divide into smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. In the capillaries, the blood gives off carbon dioxide and is enriched with oxygen. Pulmonary capillaries pass into venules, which then form veins. Through four pulmonary veins, arterial blood enters the left atrium, where the pulmonary circulation ends. The pulmonary trunk branches into two branches, going to the left and right lungs. In the lungs, the pulmonary arteries divide into smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. In the capillaries, the blood gives off carbon dioxide and is enriched with oxygen. Pulmonary capillaries pass into venules, which then form veins. Through four pulmonary veins, arterial blood enters the left atrium, where the pulmonary circulation ends. (Small C.C.: right ventricle - lung - left atrium) (Small C.C.: right ventricle - lung - left atrium)

In the pulmonary circulation, venous blood flows through the arteries, and arterial blood flows through the veins. In the pulmonary circulation, venous blood flows through the arteries, and arterial blood flows through the veins. Arterial blood is saturated with oxygen, while venous blood is poor in it. Arterial blood is saturated with oxygen, while venous blood is poor in it. In the systemic circulation, arterial blood flows through the arteries, and venous blood flows through the veins. In the systemic circulation, arterial blood flows through the arteries, and venous blood flows through the veins.

Conclusion: The circulation of blood in the human body occurs due to the continuous work of the heart, which distills blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The circulation of blood in the human body occurs due to the continuous work of the heart, which distills blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The human heart is four-chambered, divided by a solid partition into the left and right parts, due to which arterial blood does not mix with venous blood. The human heart is four-chambered, divided by a solid partition into the left and right parts, due to which arterial blood does not mix with venous blood. Three phases are distinguished in the work of the heart: atrial contraction, ventricular contraction, pause. Three phases are distinguished in the work of the heart: atrial contraction, ventricular contraction, pause. There are three types of vessels: 1) arteries, through which blood moves from the heart; 2) veins through which blood moves to the heart; 3) capillaries - the smallest blood vessels in which gas exchange occurs in the lungs and metabolism in tissues. There are three types of vessels: 1) arteries, through which blood moves from the heart; 2) veins through which blood moves to the heart; 3) capillaries - the smallest blood vessels in which gas exchange occurs in the lungs and metabolism in tissues.

Terms and concepts. Pericardium - pericardial sac; Pericardium - pericardial sac; Epicardium - outer serous layer; Epicardium - outer serous layer; Myocardium - middle muscle layer; Myocardium - middle muscle layer; Endocardium - inner layer; Endocardium - inner layer; Arteries - vessels that carry blood from the heart, smooth air carriers, air veins; Arteries - vessels that carry blood from the heart, smooth air carriers, air veins; Aorta (Greek) - direct artery; Aorta (Greek) - direct artery; Capillaries (lat) - capillaris - hair; Capillaries (lat) - capillaris - hair; Atrium of the heart (lat) - atrium - front yard; Atrium of the heart (lat) - atrium - front yard; Ventricles - muscular formations - push blood along the arterial path; Ventricles - muscular formations - push blood along the arterial path; Valve (him) - klappe - cover, damper, closing the clearance; Valve (him) - klappe - cover, damper, closing the clearance; The heart is in the middle. The heart is in the middle.

Cardiac cycle.. Phases of the cardiac cycleDuration of phases (sec.) Valve positionBlood movement. 1. Atrial contraction (systole) 0.1 sec. From the atria to the ventricles 2. Contraction of the ventricles (systole) 0.3 sec. From the ventricles to the pulmonary artery and aorta. 3. Pause. Relaxation of the atria and ventricles (diastole) 0.4 sec. From the veins to the atria and partly to the ventricles.

"Blood and blood circulation of a person" - The structure of the heart. The movement of blood in the pulmonary circulation. Describe the movement of blood through the heart. Functions. Blood test results. Expansion of skin vessels. Formed elements of blood. T-helpers. Blood components. Thrombus. Correlation of fitness with indicators of the activity of the respiratory organs. Blood clotting. The composition of the blood. fitness correlation. Circles of blood circulation. Parts of the heart. The name of the cell.

"The human circulatory system" - The circulatory system. Bleeding. Circulation. The composition of the blood. The role of blood Heart valves. The work of the heart. Blood movement. Circles of blood circulation. The role of plasma. Heart. Systole and diastole.

"Blood vessels" - Veins. Capillaries, their structure and functions. The structure of blood vessels. Vessels. The cardiovascular system. Great circle of blood circulation. Arteries, their structure and functions. Small circle of blood circulation. Blood vessels. Heart. Vein walls. capillaries. arteries. Walls of arteries.

"Lymphatic and circulatory systems" - Valves. A task. The heart, contracting, creates blood pressure in the vessels. blood capillaries. Lymphatic and circulatory systems. Aorta. Transport systems. Heart. Tissue fluid and lymph. The main theses of the laws of fluid motion. Right ventricle of the heart.

"Features of the structure of the circulatory system" - Digital dictation. Circles of blood circulation. The structure of the heart. Blood vessels within the body. platelets. The composition of the blood. Find the mistake. arterial bleeding. Leukocytes. Blood. Blood vessels. Mistakes. The ability of the heart to contract. Circulatory system. First aid. Cardiologists. Erythrocytes. White blood cells. Blood cells. The ability of the heart to beat tirelessly.

"Circles of human circulation" - Atrium. Closed bag. Deoxygenated blood. Terms and concepts. Vienna. The performance of the heart. Circulation. Left half. Great circle of blood circulation. Circles of blood circulation. Cardiac cycle. capillaries. arteries. The work of the heart. The structure of the heart. Blood circulation. Arteries and veins. Small circle of blood circulation. Structure and function of the heart. Human heart. Phases of the heart. serous fluid.

MAOU secondary school No. 17, Belogorsk Topic: "Circulation of blood circulation"

Completed:

Pecheritsa Natalya Ivanovna,

biology-chemistry teacher,

highest qualification category

capillaries

The lymph nodes

Lymphatic vessels

Lymph capillaries

1. The largest vessel

2. Red blood cells.

3. The process of devouring foreign bodies by leukocytes.

4. Blood saturated with carbon dioxide.

5. Hereditary disease, expressed in a tendency to bleed as a result of non-clotting.

6. Preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms.

7. White blood cells.

8. The body's ability to defend itself against infection.

9. A person who donates part of his or her blood for a transfusion.

10. A substance found in erythrocytes.

11. The liquid part of the blood.

12. Blood group of the universal donor.

13. A substance produced by white blood cells in response to a foreign protein or organism.

1. The largest vessel (Aorta)

2. Red blood cells. (erythrocytes)

3. The process of devouring foreign bodies by leukocytes. (Phagocytosis)

4. Blood saturated with carbon dioxide. (venous)

5. Hereditary disease, expressed in a tendency to bleed as a result of non-clotting. (Hemophilia)

6. Preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms. (Vaccine)

7. White blood cells. (Leukocytes)

8. The body's ability to defend itself against infection. (Immunity)

9. A person who donates part of his or her blood for a transfusion. (Donor)

10. A substance found in erythrocytes. (Hemoglobin)

11. The liquid part of the blood. (Plasma)

12. Blood group of the universal donor. (First)

13. A substance produced by white blood cells in response to a foreign protein or organism. (Antibody)

Lesson topic:

big circle

blood circulation

small circle

blood circulation

blood flow

small circle

big circle

capillaries

What kind of blood moves through the veins

Blood flow in the circulation

blood flow

small circle

In what part of the heart does

big circle

In the right ventricle

In what part of the heart does it end

In the left ventricle

In the left atrium

capillaries

What kind of blood moves through the arteries

In the right atrium

In the head, limbs, organs of the body

Venous

What kind of blood moves through the veins

Arterial

Arterial

Venous

• The systemic circulation begins in the left ventricle of the heart. Blood enters the aorta, from where it spreads through large, medium and small arteries, which branch into capillaries.
• The blood changes from arterial to venous.
• Capillaries are collected in small, medium and large veins. The largest - the superior and inferior vena cava flow into the right atrium.

Pulmonary circulation

Small circle of blood circulation

• begins in the right ventricle of the heart. Venous blood enters the pulmonary trunk, which divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which branch into small arteries, then into the pulmonary capillaries.
• Gas exchange takes place in the capillaries of the lungs. The blood changes from venous to arterial.
• The pulmonary capillaries are collected into veins. Two veins leave each lung and empty into the left atrium.
• Venous blood flows through arteries, and arterial blood flows through veins.

Homework

Laboratory work Functions of the venous valves. Changes in tissues with constrictions that impede blood circulation "

Target: Learn about the functions of venous valves.

Explanation . If the arm is lowered, the venous valves prevent blood from flowing down. The valves open only after sufficient blood has accumulated in the underlying segments to open the venous valve and

pass blood up to the next segment . Therefore, the veins through which blood moves against gravity are always swollen.

Progress.

• Raise one hand up, and lower the other down. After a minute, place both hands on the table. Record your observations in your notebook.
• Formulate a conclusion. Why did the raised hand turn pale, and the lowered hand turned red?

In which arm were the venous valves closed?

Signs of oxygen deficiency: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Causes of violation of the sensitivity of the finger: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Massage of the finger towards the heart is achieved ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Consistent change in finger color

Reason for change

Topography and borders of the heart

Anatomy of the heart

Anatomy of the heart

The structure of the heart:

Cardiac cycle

Cardiac cycle

Ventricular systole (0.33 s)

Ventricular diastole (0.47 s)

Cardiac cycle

The main properties of the myocardium

Myocardial cells

Graphs of PD, single contraction and excitability of a contractile cardiomyocyte

Features of PD of a contractile cardiomyocyte

Features of myocardial excitability

The myocardium obeys the all-or-nothing law

PD of P-cells (pacemaker) and PD of contractile cardiomyocyte

Features of P-cells

conduction system of the heart

conduction system of the heart

Automatic Gradient Law

Experience with Stannius ligatures

Cardiac cycle

Cardiac cycle

Ventricular systole (0.33 s)

Ventricular diastole (0.47 s)