How to treat different types of dermatitis? Treatment of dermatitis in adults Causes of dermatitis on the body

The skin protects the body from any external influences. It has a dense stratum corneum that prevents the action of physical and chemical damage. It is also rich in immune cells, so it responds to harmful factors with the development of inflammation.

Dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease. It occurs under the influence of external factors with an irritating or allergic effect. After the cessation of the damaging effect, the symptoms of dermatitis disappear quite quickly.

Causes and types

Depending on the nature of the damaging factor, simple and allergic types of dermatitis are distinguished.

Simple dermatitis

Occurs immediately after the action of high or low temperature, electric current, acid or alkali, and other mechanical and chemical factors. It is always accompanied by inflammation. Signs of the disease appear strictly at the site of injury. The main clinical manifestations are redness and swelling of the skin, blisters, and tissue death (necrosis) is possible. Most often, these conditions cause acute dermatitis.

Allergic dermatitis

Occurs with repeated exposure to chemicals that cause delayed-type hypersensitivity. Symptoms of the disease occur several days or even weeks after the onset of the allergen. In the appearance of this form, the allergic predisposition of the body matters. Clinical signs are swelling, redness of the skin, numerous small vesicles and pruritus. Often they do not appear at the site of the harmful factor, but in places where the skin has developed fatty tissue or is prone to sweating.

The main causes of dermatitis:

• ultraviolet radiation, sun rays, ionizing radiation;
• electric shock damage;
• friction, skin abrasions;
• burns and frostbite;
• alkalis, acids and other irritating chemicals;
• medicines;
• juice of some plants.

A special form of the disease is toxicoderma. It occurs when an allergic reaction to a substance that has entered the digestive tract, lungs or blood without a direct effect on the skin.

The most common types of dermatitis are:

• simple (contact);
• allergic contact;
• eczema;
• toxicoderma;
• multiform exudative erythema;
• atopic;
• hives;
• pruritus.

Clinical signs

These diseases have different causes, external manifestations and features of treatment.

Is dermatitis contagious?

It is a non-communicable disease, so it is not transmitted from person to person.

Simple dermatitis

Signs of the disease appear only at the site of skin damage and disappear a few days after the cessation of the harmful factor. The course of the disease is acute. Main reasons:

• pressure and friction (uncomfortable shoes, on the palms and soles);
• diaper rash in children;
• burn, chill, frostbite;
• sunburn;
• ionizing radiation.

Initially, redness and swelling of the skin appears, then blisters appear with light or bloody contents. With continued injury to the skin, the blisters open with the formation of erosions. Patients complain of soreness and burning in the lesion.

With inflammation in the skin folds, weeping occurs, against this background, a microbial infection easily joins. The course of the disease becomes more severe and prolonged.

In case of severe burns or frostbite, deep skin necrosis is possible.

If a significant area of ​​the skin is damaged, a few hours after the injury, the patient has a general reaction - feeling unwell, vomiting, headache, fever.

A feature of simple dermatitis in childhood: it can be caused by a bath with a water temperature of more than 40 ° C or with a slightly increased concentration of disinfectants (for example, potassium permanganate). Caterpillar dermatitis sometimes occurs in children: when crawling over the skin of a caterpillar, a red swollen strip remains. If insect hairs get on other parts of the skin, a similar reaction also occurs on them.

Allergic contact dermatitis

This disease occurs when the skin is repeatedly exposed to a substance in people with hypersensitivity to it. Paints, layers of nickel and chromium, drugs (antibiotics, formalin, resorcinol and many others) can cause the disease.

Often, allergic inflammation of the skin occurs upon contact with plants, for example, when walking barefoot in a meadow, outdoor recreation, during haymaking. There is such dermatitis on the legs and arms, abdomen. Redness appears, then blisters, which disappear after a week, leaving dark spots. Urticaria may develop, itching and burning are disturbing.

With constant exposure to the allergen, contact dermatitis can transform into eczema. In this case, the inflammation does not go away even after the cessation of contact with the irritant.

contact allergic dermatitis

Eczema

It is predominantly chronic dermatitis caused by an allergic reaction to various factors. Acute eczema lasts up to 3 months, subacute - up to six months, chronic - 6 months or more. The disease develops against the background of the action of external stimuli in combination with an internal predisposition.

The main external factors of eczema:

• nickel (keys, glasses frames, coins, jewelry);
• paints, varnishes, cosmetics;
• painted plastic and ceramics;
• cement;
• antiseptics and antibiotics for external use, adhesive plaster;
• tulips, primrose;
• rubber, gasoline, turpentine, resins and other chemical materials.

Constant stress and hereditary predisposition play a role in the development of the disease.

Stages of development of eczema:

• redness;
• small opening bubbles;
• weeping erosion;
• drying out with the formation of crusts.

First, dermatitis appears on the face or hands, then the rash spreads to the entire skin. Eczema is characterized by severe itching that disturbs sleep and significantly worsens the patient's well-being.

In addition to the true, there are such forms of eczema:

• : around trophic ulcers, wounds and other purulent skin lesions;
• : near dilated veins on the legs;
• : dermatitis of the scalp, nasolabial folds, interscapular region;
• professional;
• : on palms and soles;
• children's (exudative diathesis): develops with a genetic predisposition; the reasons are complications of pregnancy, diabetes in the mother, artificial feeding, frequent infectious diseases, poor care of the baby, and others.

Dyshidrotic eczema

Toxicoderma

This is a common toxic-allergic dermatitis that occurs as a result of the action of irritants that have got inside, into the lungs or into the blood. The main cause of the disease is drugs, in particular, antibiotics, analgin, vitamins of group B. Sometimes the reaction appears when eating meat treated with antibiotics. Interestingly, toxicoderma can cause sperm when it enters the gastrointestinal tract.

Manifestations of drug allergies are varied:

• red spots on the limbs and trunk, accompanied by lacrimation, itching, diarrhea, fever;
• scaly lesions on the neck, face, extensor areas of the limbs;
• one or more large bluish spots in the genital area or in the mouth;
• foci in the form of subcutaneous hemorrhages;
• urticaria and Quincke's edema, accompanied in addition to skin rash by itching, burning, weakness, chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, joint pain.

The most severe form of drug dermatitis is Lyell's syndrome. The most common cause of the disease is sulfonamides, less often antibiotics, analgin. After taking the drug, redness appears after a few hours, then large blisters on the skin. The patient's condition deteriorates sharply up to coma, fever appears. Detachment of epidermal areas begins with the formation of multiple erosions. Often the disease ends with an unfavorable outcome within a few days.

Toxicoderma

Erythema multiforme exudative

This is a recurrent dermatitis, accompanied by a variety of rashes on the skin and mucous membranes. Exacerbation occurs in spring and autumn. The cause of the disease is microbes or toxins in combination with an allergic reaction to them.

Pregnancy dermatitis

During pregnancy, against the background of a natural change in immunity, many skin diseases can occur or worsen, most often it is atopic dermatitis. Sometimes there is exudative erythema on the skin of the abdomen.

Dermatitis during pregnancy has the same manifestations as outside it - redness and inflammation of the skin, the formation of a rash or vesicles, peeling and itching.

A feature of the disease at this time are the difficulties in its treatment associated with the limited use of drugs. Therefore, prevention is important. First of all, it is necessary to follow a hypoallergenic diet and avoid contact with potential allergens. When the first signs of inflammation appear, it is necessary not to self-medicate, but to consult a dermatologist.

Other types and groups of dermatitis:

Diagnostics

Recognition of the disease is based on how the lesion looks. Swelling, redness of the skin, formation of blisters or vesicles with light contents lead the doctor to suspect dermatitis.

In allergic skin lesions during the period of subsiding inflammation, tests with allergens are used. They allow you to detect a substance that causes inflammation.

Detection of specific antibodies to allergens is usually uninformative. However, serological diagnosis can be used to assess the effectiveness of treatment.

To exclude other forms of skin lesions, Wood's lamp examination, microscopy of a scraping or smear from the surface of the focus, and other diagnostic methods can be used.

In chronic dermatitis, it is necessary to be examined not only by a dermatologist, but also by a therapist to identify concomitant diseases. Often their therapy helps to recover from skin inflammation.

Treatment

To successfully get rid of the disease, you should consult a doctor. It is necessary to exclude contact with allergens, proper nutrition, the use of external agents and drugs for oral administration.

The diet for dermatitis includes a sufficient amount of proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins with the restriction of animal fats and sugar. You should refuse such products: chocolate, honey, nuts, alcohol, eggs, citrus fruits, melon, pineapple, seafood, smoked products, mayonnaise, vinegar, mustard, horseradish, milk, tomatoes, radish, radish, spices.

Dental caries, chronic tonsillitis and other infectious diseases are treated.

Local therapy

Treatment of dermatitis includes drugs for external use:

• baths and lotions with antiseptic and drying agents, treatment of foci with fucorcin, a solution of potassium permanganate;
• creams and ointments with anti-inflammatory action containing a hormonal agent, for example, Sinaflan;
• preparations that accelerate skin recovery, such as Bepanthen.

Dermatitis of the scalp is treated with special shampoos, such as Sulsena or Friederm Zinc. Unlike antifungal agents for seborrhea, they do not have an antimicrobial effect, but gently and effectively eliminate itching, flaking, inflammation and excessive sebum production.

The use of systemic and other drugs

How to treat dermatitis with insufficient effectiveness of external agents? In this case, the doctor will prescribe tablets or injection solutions that act on different stages of the development of the disease:

• antihistamines - Loratadine and others;
• in severe cases - hormones (prednisolone) in a short course;
• sedatives and tranquilizers for severe skin itching - Nitrazepam;
• enzymes of the digestive system - pancreatin;
• with severe swelling - diuretics;
• to remove allergens from the intestines - enterosorbents, for example, Polyphepan;
• a modern medicine for many skin lesions - Pimecrolimus;
• in some cases, for example, with eczema - immunomodulators.

Often used intramuscular or intravenous administration of calcium gluconate, magnesium sulfate. Vitamins are prescribed. With a secondary microbial infection, creams and ointments with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects are used, for example, Oxycort.

For many dermatitis, physiotherapy is used, for example, for eczema - ultraviolet irradiation of the skin. In severe cases, extracorporeal detoxification methods are used, in particular, plasmapheresis.

Alternative Medicine Recipes

Treatment of dermatitis with folk remedies includes lotions or washing of lesions with infusion of such plants:

• Black tea;
• plantain leaves;
• marshmallow root;
• chamomile flowers and grass;
• coltsfoot leaves.

You can use diluted celandine juice, infusion of succession. A compress of grated raw potatoes helps relieve itching. For washing hands, it is better to use baby soap. If there is no allergy, tar soap is also useful, which disinfects and dries the skin.

It should be remembered about the main principles of the treatment of dermatitis:

• “do not irritate the irritated”: iodine, brilliant green, alcohol solutions should not be applied to areas of inflammation and blisters;
• “wet-wet”: for erosions and blisters, wet dressings and compresses are necessary; for dry surfaces, excessive wetting can cause wetting of the skin and worsening of symptoms.

At home, you can soften inflamed skin with tea tree oil or propolis ointment. Hypoallergenic cosmetic creams with a moisturizing and softening effect are also used, you can use a baby cream.

Prevention

To prevent simple dermatitis, it is enough to avoid contact with high or low temperature, friction, ionizing radiation, chemicals and other harmful factors. At work and at home, you must follow the rules for working with chemicals and use personal protective equipment, such as gloves.

Prevention of allergic dermatitis and eczema:

• proper nutrition of a pregnant woman;
• breast-feeding;
• refusal of hot baths;
• treatment of varicose veins, the use of elastic stockings or bandages;
• adherence to a hypoallergenic diet;
• the use of natural or hypoallergenic detergents and cosmetics;
• rejection of metal jewelry;
• use of clothes only from natural fabric;
• treatment at dermatological resorts;
• exposure to the sun only in the morning or evening, the use of sunscreen with an SPF of at least 50 (maximum protection).

Dermatitis is a skin disease associated with an inflammatory process that manifests itself during the influence of irritants. These include internal and external phenomena.

Lesions in the area of ​​the skin are accompanied by the presence of biological, physical, chemical factors. Currently, dermatitis occurs in adults and children.

The disease can be manifested in acute and chronic form. In medical practice, based on the type of irritant and the nature of the lesion, simple dermatitis and an ailment with an allergic manifestation are separated, while more than one allergen can act as an irritant.

Other types of illness are explained by the fact that it manifests itself in other forms, and in the course of an allergy, the main symptoms of dermatitis occur.

• Hives;
• allergic dermatitis;
• Eczema;
• Toxidermia;
• Atopic dermatitis.

Unlike a traditional disease, allergic dermatitis does not form immediately after interaction with a negatively influencing factor, but after a while. At first, an allergy is formed, the level of sensitivity of the body increases, and at the second contact, the disease itself is formed.

When foreign pathogens enter the body, the body reacts in the form of redness and skin rashes. Any of the diseases can be localized on different parts of the body - on the face, neck, back, abdomen, arms, buttocks in adults, legs.

Causes of the phenomenon

Before prescribing the treatment of dermatitis in adults, the specialist is engaged in the diagnosis, and the first step towards eliminating the disease is to establish its causes. There are many sources of irritant, as we have already noted. These are factors that have a chemical, physical, biological nature.

• An important role goes to the so-called obligate irritants - pressure, the effects of alkali and acid, plants that can cause simple dermatitis. An analogy can be drawn with inflammation of the skin and with its burns (for example, a nettle burn). The severity of the disease in this case depends on the strength of the factor and the duration of its influence. Symptoms of simple contact dermatitis occur quickly - after the first interaction with the irritating component. If it acts for a long time, the disease becomes chronic.
• Optional irritants - they can cause an inflammatory reaction only in those skin types that are hypersensitive to them. In this case, we are talking about contact and allergic dermatitis. The number of representatives of this group of stimuli can constantly increase.

It will take several weeks for sensitization to form. The inflammatory process on the skin does not correspond to the intensity of the influence of the irritant. The area of ​​changes on the skin is often beyond the scope of contact.

Symptoms of the disease

Acute dermatitis: signs

Acute dermatitis is accompanied by a bright inflammatory process, accompanying itching, pain, burning, the appearance of necrosis, after which scars remain.

Chronic dermatitis: signs

In this case, there is congestive edema, blue skin and thickening of the skin in the affected area. Peeling is often manifested, cracks and increased keratinization, atrophy appear.

Allergic dermatitis: signs

The skin of the lesion becomes bright red, swelling and small blisters appear on it, which, bursting, form eczema. Tissues can be affected, the disease tends to spread to neighboring skin areas.

General symptoms

For all types and manifestations of the disease, there are common symptoms that allow differential diagnosis of the disease.

In the course of healing inflammation, scales and visible crusts may remain on the skin, which has a certain effect on the general condition of the body.

Dermatitis: actions of the patient

Considering such a disease as dermatitis, its photo and symptoms, as well as treatment in adults, it should be noted that self-medication in this case is strongly not recommended. The base on which the doctor and the patient must be guided is the elimination of the lesion.

There are situations when the patient can cope with the manifestation of the disease on his own, but in practice there are often cases in which medical intervention is necessary.

The doctor's actions when a disease is detected

A dermatologist, an allergist will be able to help in eliminating the disease. If there is a need or difficulty in diagnosis, you can be referred to other doctors - a gastroenterologist.

Treatment is reduced to the detection of the allergen and its destruction.

The doctor should ask the patient in detail about the style of his life, the dangers of professional activity, the cosmetics used. If the irritant is eliminated, the symptoms of the disease usually subside.

Atopic dermatitis is treated exclusively by an experienced allergist. He prescribes antihistamines for internal and external use, conducts immunotherapy and uses other methods of treatment.

The treatment process for dermatitis: features

Dermatitis is a disease, the symptoms and treatment of which in adults vary, depending on the characteristics of the manifestation. However, general techniques are based on the identification of an irritating factor and its subsequent elimination.

Principles of treatment

• Removal of the irritant;
• the use of antihistamines (for an allergic disease);
• the use of strong sorbents (activated carbon);
• external treatment with disinfectant and corticosteroid ointments;
• adherence to the principles of proper nutrition;
• purchase of special cosmetics;
• inpatient treatment (for particularly difficult situations).

In the acute form of the disease, the doctor prescribes a number of general procedures that are relevant for any stage and symptomatology.

• Carrying out external treatment in the area of ​​the affected area;
• Punching of blisters with preservation of the tire;
• Treatment with compresses and dressings with Burov's liquid;
• The appointment of corticosteroids of weak action externally and internally.

Due to the special duration of the course of chronic forms of diseases, potent drugs are prescribed inside to eliminate them. In each of the cases, it is imperative to contact a competent specialist who can determine the main factors of the disease.

• The degree of damage;
• Source of irritation;
• Therapy methods.

If there is a severe case, it is categorically impossible to neglect hospitalization, since the patient will need qualified long-term care.

Preventive measures

If you yourself have discovered symptoms of the disease, for example, dermatitis on the buttocks or in other parts of the body, you need to take a number of measures to independently eliminate the effect of the irritant.

Thus, if a disease has formed, it is necessary to take a number of independent measures and visit a doctor.

• tansy
• sagebrush
• garlic
• carnation.

Cholagogue

To get the best effect, you can drink choleretic drugs in the form of infusions and decoctions.

• immortelle

During treatment with these herbs, sweets are not eaten, and you should also refrain from eating pastries.

Products for external use

External use of folk remedies usually involves wiping the affected areas of the skin with herbal infusions.

Liquid infusions and special ointments based on these natural substances are used. Herbs can be added to creams for dermatitis, but you should not experiment, it is best to consult a doctor.

Compresses

If it is necessary to relieve tension before going to bed, the disease can be treated with the help of special compresses based on medicinal herbs and fees.

• Melissa
• elecampane.

Other means

Affected areas can be treated with special ointments based on sea buckthorn, goose fat. Honey has proven itself well, which can be added to baby cream and applied to damaged areas of the skin.

Baths against dermatitis

Bath therapy is popular due to its effectiveness. To do this, tinctures of oregano, chamomile, valerian are added to the water - both individually and together.

There is a list of contraindicated products for dermatitis.

• fried food
• smoked meats
• hot spices
• alcohol
• soda
• tobacco.

Fractional nutrition is practiced for dermatitis, which involves breaking down the main diet into 6 meals a day. To improve the functioning of the liver and intestines, it is recommended to drink a glass of water in the morning on an empty stomach.

The most useful products for the disease include elements of plant foods, fruits and vegetables, and some dairy products. In winter, in order to actively maintain the balance of vitamins and minerals, dried fruits are used in the form of decoctions. Rosehip, water with honey and lemon are suitable for this.

Thus, compliance with treatment measures and nutritional principles will significantly increase the body's defenses and get rid of dermatitis. Any manifestation of the disease should be accompanied by a trip to the doctor, who can identify the cause and prescribe therapy.

Skin problems are quite common in modern society and bring trouble and trouble to people. Rashes, redness, itching - these symptoms, in addition to worsening the state of health, also affect the appearance. Among skin diseases, skin dermatitis is often found, a photo of the symptoms of which can be seen below. The development of the disease is associated with inflammation of the skin. Symptoms of dermatitis at an early stage are limited to itching, redness, swelling. The disease does not pose a danger to human life, but if ignored, it can cause a lot of discomfort to the patient.

The reasons

Skin disease dermatitis can be caused by a number of unrelated causes. All of them can be divided into distant (acquired and genetic) and close (provoked).

The first group includes causes, the main characteristic of which is an individual predisposition (genetic or acquired). In almost 50% of infants, skin dermatitis occurs due to the fact that someone from their parents had previously suffered this ailment. Acquired predisposition occurs against the background of infectious, invasive diseases (especially in chronic form), unfavorable living conditions, mental anxiety, physical ill health, weak immunity.

The second group includes pathogenic causes that caused the development of dermatitis in the body, which theoretically had no predisposition to this disease. These include stress, physical factors (frost, heat, solar energy), chemical substances, protein allergens.

Not all people under the influence of pathogenic pathogens develop skin dermatitis. Causes in connection with individual stability are divided into mandatory and optional. Mandatory are those that cause dermatitis, regardless of the resistance of the human body. These include aggressive liquids, low or high temperatures (from 60 degrees Celsius), strong radiation (radiation, quartz, sun), strong allergens. Facultative factors affect people with individual hypersensitivity. This is a temperature of +4 degrees, some allergens (insect bites, cosmetics, oils and liquids, medicines, food, plant pollen).

Symptoms

Skin disease dermatitis can occur in acute and chronic form. Its symptoms are divided into obligatory (regardless of the reasons) and additional (depending on the reasons). Itching is a must. The acute form is characterized by swelling and redness with fuzzy edges. In the chronic course of the disease, redness may be absent. Rashes (eczema) appear on the most mobile parts of the body (groin, sides of the body, scalp, face, skin on the joints).

The obligatory symptoms in the chronic form include lichenification - this is a condition when areas of the skin thicken and a rough pattern appears on them. Self-combing and cracks on the surface of the skin may also be observed. In the acute form of dermatitis, exudative inflammation may occur. In addition, the patient develops peeling due to the insufficiency of the sebaceous glands and dehydration of the skin.

The presence and nature of additional symptoms is important for the differential diagnosis of a specific dermatitis. They are identified as a result of functional tests, laboratory tests, examination and questioning of the patient.

Kinds

Depending on the nature and causes of the disease, skin dermatitis is divided into several types. The following are considered the main ones: contact (allergic and simple), seborrheic, toxic-allergic and atopic. Each of these types has its own symptoms, features of diagnosis and treatment.

Depending on the influencing factor, such varieties of dermatitis as perianal, actinic, keyring, infectious, bullous, polymorphic, caterpillar, symmetrical dysmenorrhea, perioral, golden are distinguished. In addition, emit radiation, solar, purple, follicular, cercarial dermatitis. In early childhood, diaper and exfoliative dermatitis of newborns are most common.

All these types of skin disease are different from each other, but they all invariably bring discomfort and trouble to the patient. In order for the treatment of the disease to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to establish the cause, and then the type of skin dermatitis. If you start to counteract the disease in time, then there are chances to prevent its development and protect yourself from unpleasant problems.

Contact dermatitis (simple)

Contact dermatitis is simple and allergic. The causes of the disease of the first type are the impact of biological, mechanical, physical and chemical factors.

Simple dermatitis can occur in acute or chronic form. Acute skin dermatitis (a photo of the skin condition with it can be seen in our article) has severe symptoms. First of all, swelling and bright redness of the skin occur. Then small bubbles and nodules form. In some cases, crusts and scales are observed. The patient's condition is characterized by pain, itching, burning, feeling of heat.

The occurrence of a chronic form of simple dermatitis is associated with constant friction and pressure of small force. Infiltration, lichenification and hardening of the skin occur due to the thickening of hyperkeratosis and epidermis. For example, the development of radiation dermatitis in a chronic or acute form is promoted by ionizing radiation. The radiation type of the disease can be manifested by a bullous reaction, hair loss, erythema. Its further progression leads to skin atrophy, pigmentation disorders, persistent alopecia, the development of a necrotic reaction with the formation of ulcers and erosions that are difficult to heal.

Simple skin dermatitis can appear on the face, arms, legs, torso. The disease caused by exposure to a chemical factor is especially acute: scabs form on the surface of the skin, in place of which ulcers remain. Ignoring the disease can cause it to spread throughout the body, and then it will be very difficult to get rid of it.

Allergic dermatitis

Allergic skin dermatitis results from direct exposure to an allergen. The development of the disease can be caused by pathogens of chemical origin (washing powder, cosmetics, perfumes, paints and varnishes, synthetic materials), drugs, plants, animals. The course of the disease largely depends on the degree of exposure to the allergen on the skin, on the state of the body and the immune system of the patient.

Acute allergic contact dermatitis causes a change in the area of ​​the skin that had direct contact with the allergen. The impact zone may expand slightly depending on the nature of the pathogen. With allergic dermatitis, clear contours of the affected area appear. Symptoms appear gradually. First, there is swelling of the tissues and redness of the skin, then fluid-filled vesicles are noted, which form areas with erosion after opening. Healing begins with crusting of the skin and ends with peeling. Allergic skin dermatitis is accompanied by constant itching. The chronic form develops as a result of prolonged exposure to the allergen on the skin after the allergic reaction has manifested itself. As a result of severe itching, external damage to the surface of the skin, its thickening, peeling and dryness occur.

Atopic dermatitis

Cutaneous atopic dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin of an allergic nature. This chronic disease is genetically determined. There are a lot of factors that may be involved in the development of the disease: allergens that enter the patient's body by respiratory (by inhalation of dust, pollen), contact, food. Most often, the disease develops at an early age and can remain for life if it is not cured in time. In most cases, atopic dermatitis on the hands first occurs (photo attached in our article). Hereditary predisposition to allergic reactions increases the risk of developing the disease.

The occurrence of atopic dermatitis is associated with internal malfunctions in the body and problems in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The body cannot cope with some substances that enter it: the intestines do not digest them, the liver does not neutralize them and the kidneys do not excrete them, after which they become antigens, to combat which antibodies are produced. Antigens, together with antibodies, are the cause of the rash.

Dermatitis in children

Skin dermatitis is very common in children. Its appearance may be associated with the state of immunity, the mother's lifestyle during pregnancy, the immaturity of the baby's body. There are chances that the child will “outgrow” his allergy, but parents need to take immediate action when the first signs of the disease appear. It is worth paying attention to manifestations that may precede the development of skin dermatitis. These include disturbances in the work of the intestines, peeling and increased dryness of the skin, hyperemia of a certain area of ​​the skin, burning and itching of the inflamed area, nervousness, irritability, insomnia.

Children most often develop skin dermatitis on the hands, feet and face. The disease is caused by the penetration of allergens into the body. There are three ways to get them: by breathing, exposure to the skin and eating. It is worth remembering that skin dermatitis in a child can cause complications and affect his future life, so it is recommended to take preventive measures. So, the baby needs to be breastfed for the maximum possible time, and the mother during lactation must follow the correct diet. At the first symptoms of an intestinal disorder, appropriate treatment should be carried out. It is important to correctly compose the child's menu so that it does not contain products that could cause allergies.

Diagnostics

As a rule, the diagnosis of simple dermatitis does not require special studies. An experienced doctor in appearance can determine the presence or absence of the disease, its type, degree. A superficial examination of the affected areas of the skin may not be sufficient if allergic dermatitis occurs. Then the dermatologist may prescribe a complete blood count or take a scraping from the affected skin surface.

Diagnosis of the disease depends on its type. The first thing a doctor needs to determine is it really dermatitis, because some forms of the disease can have symptoms similar to psoriasis or some other skin disease.

traditional medicine

If a person is faced with this disease, then he has the question “how to treat skin dermatitis?”. It is recommended to immediately contact a doctor who can find out the causes, type, degree of the disease, and then prescribe effective drugs.

An important step on the road to recovery is to rid the patient of exposure to an irritating factor. Any type of skin dermatitis can be improved with a hypoallergenic diet. Antihistamines (Telfast, Claritinide, Claritin, Tavegil) will help reduce swelling and infiltration, eliminate itching. Skin dermatitis, the treatment of which must be carried out in a complex manner, in the later stages can cause a number of problems to the patient. To neutralize allergens from the inside, detoxification therapy is prescribed (sodium thiosulfate, Polypefan, activated charcoal).

For local treatment, hormonal ointments are prescribed ("Akriderm", "Diprosalik", "Sinaflan"). Weeping dermatitis should be treated with tinctures of oak bark, chamomile, antiseptics. To prevent neurological disorders that occur due to burning and itching of the skin, light sedative herbal preparations are prescribed (tincture of peony, valerian, motherwort, Novo-Passit, Persen). If the cause of dermatitis is indigestion, then it is necessary to take drugs to restore normal intestinal microflora ("Mezim", "Linex").

Treatment with folk remedies

Not only traditional, but also traditional medicine has recipes to help overcome skin dermatitis. Treatment with plants in some cases is even more effective than taking medication. To improve the condition, traditional healers use the properties of plants that have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anti-allergic, mild sedative effects. Skin dermatitis requires a comprehensive approach to therapy, so traditional medicine can act as both auxiliary and alternative.

To eliminate irritations, eczema, itching, a decoction of birch buds is used. For skin diseases in Tibetan medicine, decoctions and infusions from grape leaves are used externally. A decoction for compresses and washings is prepared from oak bark. St. John's wort juice is smeared with dermatitis-affected areas of the skin for the purpose of disinfection. Purulent wounds, burns, eczema will heal faster under the influence of raw potatoes, grated. With purulent focal inflammation, sweating, skin itching, an ointment prepared from vaseline and fresh cranberry juice is applied externally.

Among other plants whose properties are used in the treatment of skin dermatitis, the following are also distinguished: chamomile, plantain, dandelion, linden, celery, yarrow, burnet, thyme, pine, black currant. All of them have their own sphere of influence. Some are for outdoor use, others for indoor use. And if you have any of the listed plants at hand, then just make a decoction, soak the affected areas with it and the skin will immediately feel better. If, in the treatment of dermatitis, diet therapy, medications and traditional medicine are used in combination, then you can very soon forget about this unpleasant problem.

There are contact dermatitis and toxidermia. Contact dermatitis occurs when the irritant is directly exposed to the skin, with toxidermia, foreign substances penetrate into the internal environment of the body, causing a number of changes, one of the manifestations of which will be dermatitis. For example, if an inflammation reaction in the skin occurs when using a cream with some medicinal substance, then this is contact dermatitis, and if the same substance enters the body through the intestines (in tablets or with food) and a rash occurs, this is toxidermia.

In addition, dermatitis includes diseases such as seborrheic dermatitis (acne, acne, pimples), atopic dermatitis (allergic), dermatitis herpetiformis, eczema, and others. In this article, we will explore just a few of them.

Causes of dermatitis

The irritants causing dermatitis may be of a physical, chemical or biological nature.

There are so-called obligate irritants that cause simple dermatitis in every person. These include friction, pressure, radiation and temperature effects, acids and alkalis, some plants (nettle, ash-tree, caustic buttercup, euphorbia). We all know what frostbite, calluses are, everyone at least once in their life was “burned” by nettles. The manifestations and severity of the course of simple dermatitis are determined by the strength and duration of exposure to the factor. Symptoms of simple contact dermatitis appear immediately or shortly after the first contact with the irritant, and the area of ​​the lesion corresponds to the area of ​​contact. Sometimes a chronic course of dermatitis is possible, with prolonged action of the irritant.

Facultative irritants cause inflammation of the skin only in persons who are hypersensitive to them. We are talking about diseases such as allergic contact dermatitis and atopic (allergic) dermatitis. The number of facultative stimuli (sensitizers) is enormous and continuously increasing.

Allergic contact dermatitis, unlike simple contact dermatitis, does not develop immediately after contact with an irritant, and not at the first contact. In order for an allergic reaction (sensitization) to form, it takes up to several weeks from the first contact. Then, with repeated contact, dermatitis develops. The inflammatory reaction of the skin clearly does not correspond to the intensity of the stimulus, which will not cause any changes in people without. The area of ​​changes on the skin may go beyond the contact.

Atopic dermatitis is a very complex disease, a chronic inflammatory skin lesion of an allergic nature. It can be caused by several and even a lot of factors, and not only contact, but also inhaled (pollen, dust) or with food (food allergy). Atopic diseases also include allergic rhinitis, etc. The predisposition to atopy is transmitted genetically.

Atopic dermatitis usually develops in early childhood. Often, with age, the manifestations of this disease subside or disappear altogether.

Symptoms of dermatitis

Simple dermatitis is acute or chronic. Acute dermatitis is characterized by intense inflammation, accompanied by itching, burning, pain, and sometimes the formation of blisters and areas of necrosis that leave scars.

Chronic dermatitis is manifested by congestive edema, cyanosis, thickening of the skin, lichenification (peeling), cracks, increased keratinization, and sometimes skin atrophy.

For acute manifestations of allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis, bright reddening of the skin with pronounced edema is also characteristic. Further, bubbles and even bubbles may appear, opening up and leaving weeping erosions (wetting). Decaying inflammation leaves crusts and scales.

What can you do

When dermatitis appears, it is better to consult a doctor, and not to self-medicate. In the treatment of simple contact dermatitis, the main thing is to stop the action of the irritant. Often patients, understanding the cause of the disease, cope with it themselves.

However, there are cases (for example, severe chemical and thermal burns, frostbite) when the intervention of a doctor is simply necessary.

What can a doctor do

A dermatologist and an allergist can help you treat dermatitis. If necessary, you may be referred to a gastroenterologist and other specialists.

Treatment of allergic contact dermatitis is prescribed by a dermatologist and comes down primarily to identifying the allergen. You will be asked in detail about lifestyle, occupational hazards, cosmetics you use, etc. When the allergen is excluded, the symptoms of contact dermatitis usually disappear.

The treatment of atopic dermatitis is much more difficult. This disease should be treated by a qualified allergist. Antihistamines are used (both for oral administration and in the form of ointments), glucocorticoid drugs, allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT).

Preventive measures

Observe safety precautions at work and at home. If you have had allergic dermatitis once and the cause is known, try to avoid contact with the relevant allergen.

Content

Allergic skin pathologies cause internal discomfort and cosmetic defect to the patient. Treatment of dermatitis in adults is possible with official medicines and folk remedies against all skin manifestations of the disease. The approach to health problems is complex. Initially, determine the main allergen, eliminate the pathogenic factor. Then you can use the prescribed ointment for atopic dermatitis in adults.

How to treat dermatitis in adults

The disease is allergic in nature, so any treatment begins with a diet and the complete exclusion of a potential allergen and additional intake of antihistamines. The doctor carefully studies the external symptoms of dermatitis, recommends undergoing a clinical and laboratory examination to clarify the form of the disease, the features of intensive care. With dermatitis, the appearance of the patient leaves much to be desired, so it is recommended to act immediately.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults

Dermatitis is a consequence of intoxication of the body, so its treatment in adult patients and children should be comprehensive. Doctors suppress the action of the allergen with antihistamines, but their oral intake is sometimes not enough to completely heal. Here are the drugs that need to be included in the treatment of dermatitis in adults:

1. Antihistamines for dermatitis: Claritin, Fenistil, Suprastin, L-Cet, Cetrin, Zirtek, Telfast, Loratadin.
2. Non-hormonal ointments: Protopic, Eplan, Fenistil, Elidel, Losterin, Destin, Timogen, Naftaderm, Videstim, Aisida.
3. Hormonal ointments for the effective treatment of complicated forms of dermatitis in adults: Elokom, Akriderm, Celestoderm.
4. Local antiseptics to relieve symptoms of inflammation in adults: Lincomycin and Erythromycin ointment, Celestoderm.
5. Antibiotics for oral administration with complications of dermatitis: Rovamycin, Doxycycline, Sumamed, Zitrolid, Erythromycin.
6. Probiotics: Bifidobacterin, Linex, Lactobacterin, Acipol to restore intestinal microflora in adults with dermatitis.

Photodermatitis

The main irritant in such a clinical picture is the sun's rays and the increased sensitivity of the body to them. The skin after infection will look heterogeneous, bumpy, and the patient experiences an acute sensation of itching, burning, complains of increased swelling of the inflamed skin. As an effective treatment, the use of such medications is recommended:

1. To eliminate the provoking factor, it is indicated to use products with methyluracil or zinc.
2. For the productive restoration of the damaged dermis, Panthenol spray is prescribed externally on pathological foci.
3. To strengthen weakened immunity, vitamins of groups C, E, A, B and preparations with x content are appropriate.

Contact dermatitis treatment

Photodermatitis is an atypical form of contact dermatitis that is associated with direct interaction with a provoking environmental factor. The main task of the patient is to exclude contact with the irritant, remove the external symptoms of the disease with medication, and eliminate their dependence in the future. The doctor may prescribe the following medicines:

1. Corticosteroids: Advantan cream, Elokom, Lokoid.
2. Antihistamines: Cetrin, Erius, Claritin, Zirtek.
3. Local antiseptics: Burov's liquid.

Seborrheic dermatitis

When oily scales appear on the head, which periodically itch and itch, seborrheic dermatitis is suspected. This is a consequence of increased activity in the body of a yeast fungus that feeds on sebum. Seborrheic dermatitis prevails in children of the first days of life, it is extremely rare in adults. Foci of pathology in adults are observed on the eyelids, in all folds on the skin.

In order to quickly recover from seborrheic dermatitis, characteristic scales should be treated daily with olive oil so that they fall off quickly and painlessly. Additionally, it is shown to revise nutrition, exclude fatty, spicy and smoked foods from the daily diet. Special medicated shampoos can be used to moisturize dry, flaky skin.

Treatment of allergic dermatitis

With the defeat of the skin, there is a suspicion of an allergic reaction of the body. This is one of the forms of dermatitis in adults, which requires a revision of daily nutrition in order to eliminate the pathological process. Synthetic components in food, semi-finished products and preservatives should be completely removed from the daily menu, since more often they become the very irritants. Medical nutrition includes plant foods as a source of antioxidants and natural fiber.

Food dermatitis in adults

This form of dermatitis is chronic, and the patient goes into the category of eternal "allergics". To maintain overall health, it is necessary to regularly perform therapeutic and preventive measures. The components of the dishes must be hypoallergenic, otherwise the characteristic rash on different parts of the dermis will bother the patient more and more often. Allergens are more often red vegetables and fruits, semi-finished products and preservatives, citrus fruits and berries.

How to treat toxidermia

Proper treatment of dermatitis begins with the productive elimination of a dangerous allergen that has entered the body with food or through the respiratory tract with further spread through the systemic circulation. In addition, infection with a toxic substance can be injected. For productive treatment, a uniquely hypoallergenic diet and vitamin intake are required. There is a permanent intensive care scheme for adults, which in practice provides for the following areas:

• home use of cleansing enemas for the productive removal of intoxication products;
• internal intake of enterosorbents, diuretics, which also remove toxins from the blood and other biological fluids;
• the introduction of a solution of sodium thiosulfate, calcium chloride intravenously in order to strengthen weakened immunity;
• taking oral antihistamines: Cetirizine, Tavegil, Loratadin, Claritin, Chloropyramine;
• the use of glucocorticosteroids in the form of Prednisolone and its derivatives in severe clinical pictures.

How to treat dermatitis on the body in an adult

If the disease is detected at an early stage, the use of antihistamines inside and out - this treatment is enough. In complicated clinical pictures with the appearance of purulent wounds and exudative rash, oral administration of antibiotics in the form of tablets, the use of corticosteroids externally is necessary. If signs of dermatitis are preceded by increased activity of a fungal infection, treatment should be carried out with the participation of antifungal agents.

Medical treatment

Hormones to drink or antibiotics - the attending physician decides, based on the characteristics of the clinical picture. If there are no complications, oral antihistamines are prescribed to the adult patient. These are tablets Claritin, Loratadin, Tsetrin, Suprastin, Fenistil, L-Cet, Tavegil and others. The course of intensive therapy varies within 7-14 days, adjusted by the doctor on an individual basis. If one allergy medicine is not suitable, it must be replaced, taking into account the body's compatibility with the active ingredients.

Additionally, pay attention to the representatives of the following pharmacological groups:

• sorbents: Enterosgel, activated carbon;
• probiotics: Linex, Bifidumbacterin, Hilak Forte;
• antibiotics: Rovamycin, Doxycycline, Sumamed, Zitrolide, Erythromycin;
• antiviral drugs: Acyclovir, Famvir, Valtrex, Alpizarin;
• multivitamin complexes for dermatitis.

Local treatment

Dermatitis appears not only on the face, the presence of a characteristic rash is not excluded on the back, buttocks and other parts of the body. If taking pills kills a pathogenic infection from the inside, then the external use of creams and ointments helps to effectively eliminate a cosmetic defect, reduce the intensity of discomfort, and completely eliminate discomfort from your daily life. Here are the medications doctors prescribe for the treatment of dermatitis in adults:

• anti-inflammatory drugs: Elokom, Diprosalik or Akriderm;
• local remedies for skin regeneration: Solcoseryl, D-panthenol, Bepanten;
• corticosteroid drugs: Elokom, Afloderm, Lokoid, Advantan.
• antifungal agents: Triderm, Pimafukort;
• local antibiotics: erythromycin ointment;
• antimicrobial compounds: Fukortsin;
• local antiseptics.

Homeopathy

The use of herbal preparations is appropriate as part of complex treatment, since their independent use for adults gives, rather, a mediocre result. With dermatitis, positive dynamics is provided by herbal remedies with chamomile, succession, lemon balm and St. John's wort. Medicines such as calendula-based ointment, medicinal chamomile extract, evening primrose ether, and stinging nettle have proven themselves well.

Physiotherapy procedures

To speed up the treatment of dermatitis in adults, it is necessary to undergo a course of special procedures in a hospital setting. Such sessions are prescribed by the attending physician, who also specifies the number of procedures to achieve the desired effect. Here's what every potential allergy sufferer needs to know:

1. Electrophoresis with intal, diphenhydramine, calcium chloride reduces the feeling of skin itching, relieves swelling.
2. Ultraviolet irradiation of the skin to relax the nervous system and eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of dermatitis.
3. Applications with paraffin or ozocerite to prevent massive peeling of overdried dermis.
4. Electrosleep with instability of the nervous system and pronounced signs of chronic insomnia with dermatitis in adults.

Treatment of dermatitis in adults with folk remedies

The disease can be eliminated by alternative methods, but at an early stage of the pathological process. Treatment of dermatitis is successful if the foci of pathology are regularly treated with decoctions of chamomile, stinging nettle, and succession. The composition is prepared by the classical method - 1 tbsp. l. raw materials per glass of water, but the amount of the finished medicine depends on the abundance of foci of pathology. An adult must perform daily home procedures, supplement them with official methods.

Diet

The main goal is to eliminate allergens from the daily menu. With dermatitis in adults and not only food should be hypoallergenic. In order to timely identify the irritant, during the next attack of dermatitis for successful treatment, it is recommended to take a blood test for the study of pathogenic flora. The daily menu should contain vegetable fiber, natural antioxidants, natural vitamins.