Greek colonies along the shores of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. "foundation of Greek colonies on the shores of the Mediterranean and Black Seas"
Lesson summary
in history
Agafonova Yulia Borisovna
Greek colonies on the shores of the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Lesson type: lesson in the formation of new knowledge.
Lesson form: combined.
Lesson objectives: form an idea of the era of the Great Greek Colonization.
Lesson objectives:
Educational : give an idea of Greek colonization, continue to form an idea of the Ancient World.
Developmental : continue to develop the ability to analyze the historical situation, identify:
Educators: assess the reasons for the migration process of the ancient Greeks and the nature of the relationship between the Greeks and barbarians.
Introduced concepts: colony, colonization, Hellas, Hellenes, metropolis.
Equipment: Vigasin A.A. and others. History Ancient world: textbook for 5th grade educational institutions. M.; Education. Map “Formation of Greek colonies in the 8th-6th centuries BC.
Lesson Plan
Reasons for Greek colonization.
Founding of colonies.
Life in the colonies.
Northern Black Sea region.
During the classes.
I.Introductory part.
Imagine a situation: a certain traveler tells you about distant lands that he once saw. And you will hear something like this: “And there is also in the north of the earth, where red-haired boudins live in impenetrable forests, eating cones. And in the foothills of the inaccessible Riphean Mountains (Ural) there are argypeans, feeding only on milk and cherries. In the mountains themselves live people with goat legs. And there are also lands where huge ants the size of dogs live. They live in sandy areas, dig their homes underground and bring golden sand to the surface.” Imagine what a strange story it is. The first thing that will come to your mind is that this traveler has not seen any distant countries and most likely has not left own home, that's why he tells you tall tales. But it was precisely such fables that were passed on to each other as true stories the ancient Greeks, so what happens, the Greeks never left the boundaries of their policies. No, the Greeks were very brave travelers, they just didn’t see all the lands themselves, so they believed the rumors, but the Greeks studied those states with which they traded and fought in detail. And the Greeks not only studied the nearest territories, but also actively populated them.
The teacher invites students to remember what a colony is and which people of the Ancient World founded their colonies.
After listening to the answers, the teacher says: “In the period from the 8th-6th centuries BC. The Greeks organized a great many settlements on the territory of other states. These settlements were called colonies. And today we will talk about this process"
II. Learning new material.
Please write down the topic of the lesson in your notebook.
Formulation of the problem.
It seemed that most of the Greek population was eager to leave their homeland. Some researchers put the figure at 1.5-2 million people for the entire era. People went overseas to settle forever in foreign lands.
But why did the Greeks leave their policies in such numbers? Why did this resettlement take place, and what results did it lead to?
III. Gaining new knowledge.
Look, in the title of the topic and point of the plan we have the word “colonization”. What do you think this word means? The definition must be written down in your notebook.
Let's remember what population groups lived in Greek city-states?(students' answers). You named groups that occupied different positions. But representatives of all groups left Greece. Why do you think?
After the assumptions are made, the teacher invites students to test the above hypotheses.
Imagine that you find yourself in Corinth, a rich trading city. Several hundred departing people gathered here. They get to know each other, ask about the reasons why everyone leaves their homeland.
I am a poor peasant. In our valley, no one knows how to plow the land better than me. But what's the point! My site is high in the mountains. Rocky, infertile soil. No matter how much you work, you won’t get out of poverty. Perhaps I will find my happiness in a foreign land.
I have worse things to do than you. When they placed a debt stone on my property, I lost my peace, I woke up at night and thought about not becoming a debtor slave. I decided to abandon the mortgaged plot and my native village.
Here two well-dressed Greeks approach the talking peasants.
We are traders. Faithful people They told us that in overseas countries they willingly exchange wheat for Greek goods. Sea trade is full of dangers, but perhaps it will enrich us.
An artisan weaver intervenes in the conversation.
I left my hometown forever because I raised the demos to fight against the nobility. An uprising began, but the aristocrats gained the upper hand, and I had to flee.
Why did the Greeks leave their policies?
Students must name following reasons:
1). Lack of land.
2). Threat of famine.
3). The threat of debt slavery.
4). The desire to get rich.
5). The struggle between the demos and the nobility.
The reasons given must be written down in a notebook.
And now we will try to imagine ourselves in Ancient Greece and try to found a colony. By various reasons you are forced to leave your homeland. The decision has been made, but what needs to be done to leave? The teacher’s task is to help build an action plan for the removal of colonies.
Look carefully at the map (textbook p. 151).
The Athenian thinker Socrates jokingly argued that the Greeks settled around the sea like frogs around a swamp? Think about what he meant?
Indeed, there were many Greek colonies, but we can highlight the main directions where the Greeks went most often .
Determine these directions on the map. Students must name the directions west, south and northeast.
What place do you think the settlers might have chosen for their city? Look at the illustration(textbook by Vigasin A.A. and others) and describe the location of the future city. Why was the colony built on the seashore?(for ease of trading). What did Greek merchants buy and sell?
When we talked about the territory chosen for the new settlement, we did not talk about the people who lived here before the arrival of the Greeks.
Do you think the Greeks needed neighbors? Why? Students should explain how the Greeks may have treated the local tribes and how the local tribes treated the Greeks. This issue can be considered based on reading the text of the textbook (pp. 152-154).
The Greeks, who settled throughout the Mediterranean, still continued to consider themselves a single people. The Greeks called themselves and their people Hellenes, and Greece - Hellas.
What do you think allowed the Greeks to consider themselves a single people?(Students can name a common language, traditions, religion).
The Greek colonies became independent city-states. Each polis had its own laws, detachments of warriors, and minted its own coin. Living in the colonies, the Greeks did not break ties with their hometown and maintained friendly relations with it. They called their hometown metropolis, which means “mother city.”
The teacher asks questions: “What did colonization give to the Greeks? Did colonization divide or unite the Greeks?”
As students answer, the teacher corrects and supplements them. (Colonization expanded the knowledge of the Greeks about other peoples, forced them to recognize themselves as a single people, and as a result of the development of the colonies, trade and crafts successfully developed).
Summing up the lesson.
Why did the resettlement take place, what were the results?
Homework: 32, questions and tasks for the paragraph orally, tasks in the workbook.
Literature.
A.A. Vigasin. History of the Ancient World: Textbook. for 5th grade. general education institutions/ A. A. Vigasin, G. I. Goder, I. S. Sventsitskaya. – 10th ed. – M.: Education, 2003.
Khachaturyan V.M. Ancient Greece: History, life, customs. – M.: SLOVO/SLOVO, 2002.
School encyclopedia. Ancient world history. – M.: OLMA-PRESS Education, 2003.
The first colony, called Pithecussa, was built around 770 BC. on the island of Ischia, located off the west coast of Italy. Then, over the course of 300 years, colonies were founded on the Mediterranean coast of Europe, Africa and Asia Minor, as well as on the shores of the Black Sea. Colonization proceeded in three directions:
1) western– the island of Sicily, Southern Italy (also called Magna Graecia), Gaul and Spain;
2) northeast– Thrace, Asia Minor, Black Sea coast;
3) southern- northern coast of Africa.
Unlike the Phoenician colonies, Greek settlements had little connection with the metropolis, the city from which the settlers came. These were independent states that maintained only economic relations with Greece. Handicrafts, wine and olive oil were delivered from the metropolis, which the colonists used themselves or exchanged with local residents for the goods they need. Grain, livestock, fish, construction wood, ivory and slaves were sent back.
The colonies were located near convenient bays or at the mouths of rivers, not far from the sea. As a rule, these territories were already inhabited by the local population, so the colonists had to placate them by exchanging land for the necessary products. Residents of the colonies sought to establish peaceful relations with the local population, which was not always possible. It is not surprising that when planning to build a city, they first surrounded the chosen place with a wall, and then built houses and a temple.
§3. Greek colonies on Scythian territory
(northern shore of the Black Sea)
The Greeks encountered the greatest difficulties in the Northern Black Sea region. Tribes of warlike Scythians lived here. The Scythians were nomads who were engaged in cattle breeding. Every man from birth learned to sit in the saddle and mastered the art of war. Scythian women were not inferior to men in martial arts, participating together with them in battles. Modern scientists suggest that legends about female warriors - the Amazons - appeared among the Greeks after a meeting with the Scythians.
Unlike other tribes, whose leaders were happy to join Greek culture, the Scythians were reluctant to adopt Greek customs. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus brought to us the story of the Scythian king Skilos. Skyla's mother was Greek, and she taught her son Greek literacy. The king was displeased with the Scythian way of life; he wanted to live like a Greek. He often went to the city of Olbia, where he dressed in Greek clothes, walked around the city, and performed sacrifices. Then he changed into Scythian clothes and left the city. The king performed this procedure several times. But over time, the Scythians learned about this hobby of Skil. They rebelled and killed the king.
A number of cities founded by the Greeks in the Northern Black Sea region are located on the territory of our country. These are the famous cities of Feodosia, Chersonesos and Panticopeia (now called Kerch). Now they are famous resorts where people come not only to relax, but also to enjoy the beauty of ancient buildings.
Brief lesson summary
Let's summarize the lesson:
1) in the VIII-VI centuries. BC. the so-called Great Greek Colonization took place;
2) colonization was caused by: the overpopulation of Greece, the development of crafts and trade, as well as the political struggle of the demos and aristocracy;
3) as a result of colonization, the Greeks settled a significant part of the coast of the Mediterranean and Black Seas;
4) the inhabitants of the colonies had to get along with the local population; the Scythians were the most warlike.
The Great Greek Colonization was the large-scale settlement of the ancient Greeks along the shores of the Mediterranean and Black Seas over three centuries from the mid-8th century BC. e. MediterraneanBlack SeaVIII century BC. e. Dorians Dorians and Ionians spread along the northern coast Mediterranean Sea, then they find themselves in the Black Sea. As Socrates wrote, “The Greeks settled along the shores of the sea like a wide border on a barbarian cloak.” Ionians Socrates
However, the Greeks did not discover new lands, but followed the already beaten paths of the Phoenicians, displacing their predecessors. In addition, they did not explore new lands in depth, limiting their presence to the coasts. Phoenicians The political unity of Greece that existed in the Cretan-Mycenaean period was not restored. The many poleis that controlled their territories had a wide variety of methods of government: tyranny, oligarchy, democracy and democracy.Creto-Mycenaean periodpolis sedu
WHY WERE COLONIES BROKEN? Colonies were established primarily due to the lack of land in the policies of continental Greece. In turn, this was due both to the growing population of the policy and to the existence of laws prohibiting the fragmentation of land ownership between several heirs
The organization of the removal of the colony was carried out by the selected oikist person. When the colony was founded, fire from the sacred hearth and images of local gods were transported from the metropolis. Residents of the colonies have always maintained close ties with the mother country, even to the point of providing assistance when necessary. Despite this, the colonies were initially developed as independent policies, therefore, when the interests of the metropolis and the colony clashed, both policies could move from peaceful friendly and fraternal relations to open conflicts with each other, as for example happened between Corinth and Kerkyrametropolis Corinth Kerkyra The majority of the colonists were, as a rule, , impoverished and land-poor citizens, younger sons families defeated in the political arena, as well as residents of other policies. Colonists who participated in the establishment of a new colony should have automatically received land for cultivation and citizenship in the new policy
The creation of numerous colonies contributed to the development of trade, to the point that some colonies were specifically withdrawn to ensure the strategic dominance of the metropolis in a given area. The colonies exported grain (primarily from Magna Graecia and the Black Sea region) and copper (Cyprus), and to a lesser extent wine, to the continental policies, that is, they were mainly raw materials. In turn, iron and iron products, as well as woolen fabrics, ceramics and other handicrafts were exported to the colonies. At first, Aegina was the leader in trade within the Greek colonies, whose inhabitants were skilled sailors, but it was soon supplanted by Corinth and Chalkis, which, unlike Aegina, had a large number colonies. Only after them did Athens take the lead in maritime trade. Aegina Corinth Chalkida Athens
