Liver and low-density cholesterol. Who said that it is not possible to cure severe liver diseases? to lower cholesterol
Briefly: Alcohol promotes stagnation of bile and increases the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. At the same time, the likelihood of atherosclerosis and gallstone cholecystitis sharply increases, and this is a direct road to heart attack, stroke and pancreatitis. Hepatoprotectors based on bile acids help to cope with this situation.
Over time, they undergo oxidation and, when combined with calcium in the blood, harden and cling to unwanted places. The presence of this plaque, atheroma, obstructs the passage of blood because the artery is reduced in the space for the blood flow to pass through, and therefore the blood pressure can increase, forcing the blood flow to pass and causing unwanted symptoms in the person, such as headache.
This process of clearing the arteries is important for preventing cardiovascular problems. Diet and walking are no longer the most suitable means for people with high cholesterol. Doctors are now aware of the importance of risk assessment, not just current state patient. Cholesterol is treated with medications for its ability to worsen cardiovascular problems, taking into account the patient's and family's history and lifestyle. This middle-class concern is confirmed by a consensus developed last year by the Atherosclerosis Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology.
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From a chemical point of view, bile acids belong to the class of steroids, along with such related groups of substances as sterols (representative - cholesterol), corticosteroids and progesterone, sex hormones (estrogens and androgens). All these substances are united by a common origin from a four-ring hydrocarbon -. The bulk of all steroids in the body is cholesterol (approximately 2 g per 1 kg of human body weight); for comparison, the share of the next most common group of steroids - bile acids - is about 0.07 g per 1 kg of weight. Cholesterol performs two types of functions in the body: firstly, it is included as a structural component in the composition of cell membranes; secondly, it serves as a precursor in the synthesis of other steroids - bile acids, hormones, vitamin D3. Total cholesterol consists of dietary cholesterol and its synthesis in the liver. When eating foods low in cholesterol, cholesterol synthesis is of primary importance. There is a constant mechanism of cholesterol exchange between cells and blood.
The use of statins - an active principle used in lowering cholesterol levels to prevent heart disease in patients at risk - has become standard among doctors over the past decade. But not all statins have a good safety profile. That is, they can cause problems for the patient when used together with other drugs. Among them, the safest is pravastatin, which does not use the same metabolic pathway as other statins, which are absorbed by the body.
Most often, patients who are treating cholesterol take more than one medication, e.g. hypertension, heart and diabetes. Many times these patients have taken three or four drugs over the same period, and the only statin that does not interfere with the metabolism of other drugs is pravastatin.
In the liver, part of the cholesterol is converted into bile acids. All bile acids are derivatives of cholanic acid. Primary bile acids are formed in hepatocytes - chenodeoxycholic and cholic. After the release of bile into the intestine, secondary bile acids are produced from primary bile acids under the action of microbial enzymes. They are absorbed in the intestine, enter the liver with the blood of the portal vein, and then into the bile. As a result of this process, secondary bile acids formed by intestinal microbes become equal components of bile. Bile acids pass through the enterohepatic (intestinal-hepatic) circuit up to 10 times per day. In total, microbes in the intestine form about twenty secondary bile acids, but under normal conditions only deoxycholic and lithocholic acids are absorbed in noticeable quantities, the rest are excreted with the intestinal contents. In addition to bile acids, bile also contains phospholipids, cholesterol, bilirubin, proteins, mineral salts. Bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipids form mixed micelles in bile. Cholesterol is not completely absorbed from the intestine and is partially excreted with the intestinal contents, mainly as part of mixed micelles. In the human body, about a tenth of all cholesterol is renewed daily outside the intestines. Typically, the total amount of dietary cholesterol and synthesized cholesterol is equal to the total amount of excreted cholesterol and bile acids. Cholesterol and bile acid elimination is the main way the body can get rid of excess cholesterol. At the same time, the synthesis and excretion of bile acids themselves depend little on the intake of cholesterol from food.
IN high doses they are also effective in reducing fatty plaque in the arteries, atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that they can reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke by 30% in those who do not have high cholesterol but are part of other risk groups such as diabetics, the elderly and hypertension. According to studies conducted on large numbers of patients, even patients with normal cholesterol are treated with statins.
How cholesterol works in your body. Cholesterol is a type of fat synthesized in the liver that is essential for the body to function properly. The cholesterol we have in the blood depends on the amount produced by our own body and the amount of saturated fat in the animal's food or plant origin which we eat. Excess cholesterol can be deposited in the arteries until they become clogged, leading to " heart attack" If the article that supplies the brain becomes clogged, a "blow" may occur.
If the liver is diseased and bile output decreases, then the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and tissues increases. At the same time, the likelihood of atherosclerosis (leading to heart attack, ischemic stroke) and gallstone cholecystitis (leading to coronary disease heart and pancreatitis). At cholelithiasis V gallbladder and (or) ducts, stones are formed as a result of precipitation and crystallization of bile components. Usually in gallstones the bulk is due to cholesterol and bilirubin. If stones contain more than 70% cholesterol, they are called cholesterol. Cholesterol stones occur in two thirds of all cases of the disease.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Brazil, with a total of 300,000 people per year, increasing every year. The most serious of high cholesterol is the fact that the patient is asymptomatic, not realizing that he has a problem until a symptom of any of these diseases appears. Young people also deserve growth retardation in cases of increasing incidence of bad cholesterol.
Unlikely, it is still believed that treatment is not required depending on the patient's age, which can be a fatal mistake. A fatty substance vital to life and cells, cholesterol is naturally produced by our bodies and serves to structure the walls of our cells. But cholesterol can be dangerous if it accumulates in artery walls. Point with Professor Benot Boland, internist at the University Hospitals Saint-Luc, specializing in prevention cardiovascular diseases.
Cholesterol in bile can exist in three phases. One phase is mixed micelles, the second is extramicellar liquid crystalline cholesterol in the aqueous environment of bile, and the third phase is sediment, or solid crystalline cholesterol. The liquid crystalline phase is unstable—cholesterol tends to move from it either into micelles or into a precipitate. Decreased hepatic synthesis or release of bile acids may result in a relative excess of cholesterol that cannot be accommodated by available micelles. Under these conditions, a solid crystalline phase is formed, i.e. cholesterol stones. Alcohol causes bile stagnation, and hence the precipitation of cholesterol. The stones cause spasms of the gallbladder and ducts, felt like attacks of pain. When stones impede or completely block the outflow of bile through the duct, this, on the one hand, leads to an even greater acceleration of their growth, and on the other hand, puts the pancreas in serious danger, the self-protective functions of which are sharply reduced when the bile outflow stops. Some hepatoprotectors based on bile acids can avoid many cases surgical removal affected gallbladder, which will be discussed
We don't need to eat cholesterol since our body can produce as much as it needs. All of our cells do this, but the main synthesis of cholesterol is in our liver, and external cholesterol levels are typically a quarter of cholesterol. But our dietary habits cause us to consume too many animal triglycerides - visible or hidden - which contribute to the production of cholesterol by our liver. Such exogenous cholesterol has a bad effect on endogenous cholesterol.
Cholesterol is a structural fat used primarily in our cell membranes, but also in the production of hormones and bile salts. It is not a caloric substance like triglycerides. little degraded and eliminated. The only way out is our gut. Cholesterol - whether absorbed by the intestines or produced by the liver - is transported as lipoproteins in the bloodstream to our cells, which absorb it as needed. There is irreversible precipitation, hence the name "bad cholesterol".
The liver is the main site of synthesis of cholesterol and bile acids. From a chemical point of view, bile acids belong to the class of steroids, of which the bulk is cholesterol. Cholesterol performs 2 types of functions in the body: firstly, it is included as a structural component in cell membranes; secondly, it serves as a precursor in the synthesis of other steroids - bile acids, hormones, vitamin D3. Total cholesterol consists of dietary cholesterol and its synthesis in the liver. With foods containing low amounts of cholesterol, cholesterol synthesis is of primary importance.
For the disease that cholesterol can cause, it is better to talk about atheromatosis than atherosclerosis. Many people need to lower their cholesterol, what are the risks of going too high? We are accustomed in our countries to consume too much fatty foods, so cholesterol levels increase excessively, and the most important thing is to have a good balance between the two types of lipoproteins. This lipoprotein imbalance is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events.
Population-based studies show that people with high cholesterol go their entire lives without any arterial problems because their arteries are smooth and clear, allowing cholesterol to slip through as nature does. Instead, it was predicted that other people would have heart attacks or cerebral attacks due to atheromatosis when general level cholesterol is quite common. cholesterol in the blood, which is the main problem, but the condition of our arteries.
There is a constant mechanism of cholesterol exchange between cells and blood. In the liver, part of the cholesterol is converted into bile acids. Cholesterol is a normal product of metabolism. But if there is an excess amount of it in the body, then this negatively affects the blood vessels, as well as many internal organs, including the liver and pancreas.
The container has higher value than content! In Saint-Luc there is also a probe that allows ultrasound of the wall carotid artery, accessible in the artery and opening general state arteries, why not use it for all patients who present with excessive cholesterol levels?
Mainly because the doctor can assess the risk of cardiovascular disease on certain issues and measure blood pressure. At Saint-Luc Clinics it is primarily Dr. Frank Hammer from the radiology department who performs this ultrasound examination. This screening test is useful to look for atheromatosis if clinical assessment is intermediate cardiovascular risk or sometimes confirms the absence of atheromatosis in a person with high cholesterol and low risk.
It enters the human body partly with food, but the bulk of it is produced by the liver. Cholesterol takes part in the hepatic-intestinal circulation. This happens as follows: bile, which contains cholesterol, enters the small intestine, from which, participating in the digestion process, partly enters the large intestine, and partly, being absorbed, returns to the liver.
Not to mention, weight also affects your risk of heart disease. In short: put apples in our children's bread boxes, buy a dog for a walk, fix our bike brakes, etc. What do you protect besides these elementary rules hygiene of life?
Let every adult determine their cardiovascular risk! This approach is the basis of a large-scale project supported last year by the French community to help doctors general practice assess the level of cardiovascular risk in all of your adult patients, who most often come for medical consultation for any reason. something else!
With each cycle of the hepatic-intestinal circulation in healthy body excess cholesterol is removed along with feces. If the liver is sick, then the output of bile decreases, and cholesterol begins to accumulate in the blood and tissues and, first of all, in the liver, thereby causing Negative consequences: the risk of atherosclerosis and gallstones increases, the digestion process is disrupted, pathogenic bacteria develop in the intestines, causing dysbiosis.
Arterial health affects us all. And caring for patients whose arteries are weakened by atheromatosis requires collaboration between attending physicians, hospital staff, cardiologists and vascular surgeons. This global cardiovascular disease prevention project will be a major challenge for the new cardiovascular department.
Cholesterol is part of the lipid family. It is important for our body: all cells in our body contain and use it. It is an important component of bile and serves as the main skeleton for the synthesis large quantity hormones. It is the liver that does most of this, and it is also the organ that eliminates it. As part of a balanced diet, three-quarters of the cholesterol is produced by the liver according to the body's needs, and only a quarter comes from food. When the diet brings more, liver production decreases.
These bacteria are capable of converting bile into very toxic products, which, when absorbed in the intestines, return to the liver and cause a deterioration in its function. Fatty liver and fatty hepatosis are no less dangerous if there is excess cholesterol.
When the liver is diseased, its cells cannot fully process cholesterol, which has an atherosclerotic effect. It is impossible for the body to cope with such a situation, so outside help is needed.
What foods have high cholesterol levels?
Otherwise, the liver does more. Dr. Bertrand Guerino points to the “secrets of microconsumption”2. To reach various organs, cholesterol uses carriers that allow it to circulate in the blood. That's why it's called "bad cholesterol." . Cholesterol is found mainly in 3.
The only way to diagnose hypercholesterolemia is a blood test. Lipid balance will measure levels total cholesterol and triglycerides. In many civilizations, eggs were not eaten because they gave rise to an even richer source of protein: poultry. traditional medicine The egg has evolved into several therapies, and its positive role has been emphasized by all the wise. Today, instead of maintaining this life-saving image of the egg, most of us tend to limit our consumption.
So, in order not to put your own health at risk, in order to avoid the harmful effects on the liver and other organs from excess cholesterol, you need to eat right and periodically measure your blood cholesterol levels.