Who is a nurse? Responsibilities of a General Nurse

When a person first enters the hospital, he wants to go to good doctor. But already during the second visit, he is more concerned about the qualifications of the nurse, whose professionalism largely depends on how "comfort" medical procedures, as well as the general emotional condition patient. That is why the representatives of the profession of a nurse are considered the second most important person after the doctor, not only formally, but also in fact.

When a person first enters the hospital, regardless of whether he needs to undergo a routine medical examination or the reason for the visit is in poor health, he wants to get to a good doctor. But already during the second visit, he is more concerned about the qualifications of the nurse, whose professionalism largely determines both the "comfort" of medical procedures and the general emotional state of the patient. That is why representatives profession nurse are considered the second most important person after the doctor, not only formally, but also in fact.

It is quite natural that the requirements for nurses are no less, and in some cases even more stringent, than for certified doctors. After all, the doctor only examines the patient, and, if necessary, prescribes treatment for him, and the nurse is directly involved in the treatment and implementation of medical procedures. Accordingly, there is nothing strange in the fact that only people with certain personal qualities can become good nurses, with a list of which, as well as with all the features of this profession, we invite you to familiarize yourself.

Who is a nurse?

A representative of junior or middle medical personnel who occupies the niche of a junior specialist in the hierarchy of health workers (as evidenced by the corresponding entry in the nurse's diploma). This is a doctor's assistant who follows the instructions of the doctor and carries out the nursing process.

This profession is a logical continuation of charitable societies, consisting of the so-called sisters of mercy, who saw disinterested help to all the weak and suffering as the main task of their activity. The first professional nurse is considered to be Florence Nightingel, who, during the Crimean campaign, organized a detachment consisting of nuns and sisters of mercy, whose members helped doctors nurse wounded soldiers in field hospitals. By the way, the world professional day of the nurse is celebrated on May 12 - the birthday of this brave woman.

It should be noted that if the first nurses, as a rule, did not have a medical education, then for medical workers of our time this is a prerequisite for admission to work. An exception may be only those employees of medical institutions who are not directly related to the implementation medical practice(that is, nurses, nannies, housewives, etc.).

The professional duties of modern nurses directly depend on the type of their activity. So, the nurse of the treatment room is engaged in the sterilization of instruments, performing the procedures prescribed by the attending physician (for example, giving an injection or putting a dropper), collecting biological material for analyses, etc. The operating nurse assists the surgeon during surgical interventions (including preparing a surgical instrument, dressing and suture material, etc.), and the district nurse helps the district doctor to receive patients, maintains a patient record, takes part in preventive measures and performs healing procedures according to the prescription of the doctor at home.

What personal qualities should a nurse have?

The work of a nurse involves communication with different people. And on how much the nurse can find " mutual language"with the patient depends largely on the effectiveness of its professional activity. Therefore, it is impossible to imagine a nurse who does not have such personal qualities as:

• politeness;
• tact;
• responsiveness;
• sociability;
• stress tolerance;
• a tendency to empathize;
• a responsibility;
• dedication;
• accuracy;
• personal organization;
• tolerance.

In addition, a good nurse should be a little bit of a psychologist. After all, it is possible to treat patients not only with medicines, but also with the right words, instilling confidence in the patient in himself and his strength. And of course, the nurse must be able to provide the first first aid, know the features of taking medications and love your job so much that you don’t think about your own comfort and convenience.

Benefits of the Nursing Profession

Main advantage of the nursing profession, just like any other medical specialty, lies in the ever-increasing demand for qualified specialists in the modern labor market. Despite the fact that every year from the walls educational institutions Russia is leaving a huge number (about 100 thousand people) of well-trained specialists of middle and junior medical personnel, the shortage of nurses is acutely felt in almost all medical institutions in the country.

Another advantage of this profession can be called a large "geography" of employment. Firstly, a nurse can get a job not only in a hospital, clinic or medical and sanatorium institution, but also in a kindergarten, school, large enterprise or to a recreation center (by the way, nurses with an attractive appearance and knowledge foreign language are in high demand in airlines for the position of flight attendant). And secondly, a nursing diploma will allow a specialist to find a job in their specialty in any country in the world, and for this it will not be necessary to undergo expensive training at all.

And most importantly, the knowledge and skills gained both at an educational institution and at work allow nurses to quickly respond to the slightest changes in the health status of their loved ones, and thereby prevent the development dangerous diseases.

Disadvantages of the Nursing Profession

It is not difficult to guess that the main disadvantage of the nursing profession is low wage. According to statistics, the average salary of a nurse in Russia is about 20 thousand rubles. The salary of a nurse seems especially low compared to the rather difficult working conditions:

• irregular work schedule - nurses have to work on weekends / holidays, and on night shifts;
• emotional and psychological stress - often patients of medical institutions become asocial personalities (drug addicts and alcoholics), who do not differ in balance and mental stability. Yes, and ordinary patients at the time of exacerbation of the disease may not behave quite adequately;
• professional risks - nurses, like doctors, often come into contact with people suffering from deadly diseases, so there is always a risk of contracting a dangerous disease.

Well, if we take into account that people’s lives depend on the concentration and professionalism of a nurse (imagine what can happen if a nurse mixes up tests or a doctor’s prescription), and this is a huge responsibility both to her own conscience and to the public, it becomes clear that only the person who really loves this profession can become a nurse.

Where can you get a job as a nurse?

Get a job as a nurse can be in one of the specialized technical schools or colleges in Russia. But this is only if you are quite satisfied with the work of an ordinary nurse, without any special prospects for career growth (the maximum that graduates of secondary specialized educational institutions can count on is career growth from junior to senior nurse).

If you are ambitious, and you think that you can help sick people not only in treatment or manipulation rooms, but also at the post, for example, of the head nurse, who is responsible for the competent organization of the work of all junior and secondary medical personnel in a medical institution, then you have a direct the road to the faculty of higher nursing education at a medical school.

Well, to make it easier for you to decide on the choice of a place of study, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the TOP-5 best medical schools in Russia on the basis of which the training of nurses is carried out:

• Saint Petersburg State medical University them. I.P. Pavlova;
• First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov;
• Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky;
• Miass Medical College;
• Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.

The level of medicine in our country today cannot be called high. State institutions not doing their job 100%. This is due to the lack of qualified personnel. Most professionals who graduate from medical universities seeks to go abroad in order to receive higher pay for their work. Good conditions offered only by private clinics. However, before being hired, the staff is interviewed. The nurse's job description must be carefully studied and signed by the junior employee.

Basic concepts

A nurse is usually called a specialist with a secondary medical education who has a diploma in nursing. This is the average staff that provides assistance to doctors in clinics, medical institutions and hospitals. Nurses are also assigned to educational institutions. Here they keep records of vaccinations, control student attendance, and submit data to the regional clinic.

The duties of an employee depend on the type and profile of the medical institution. All basic information is contained in the job description of a nurse. This document must be signed before a new employee begins to perform his job duties. Jr medical staff may be approved for office or relieved of his duties only by order of the head of the institution.

cabinet nurse

In state polyclinics, a nurse works with each specialist. Her responsibilities include clarifying the patient's data, accounting for all procedures performed during the day. The office nurse job description describes a list of other duties. For example, if a patient visiting a clinic needs to be given urgent help This work is done by a nurse. A junior employee can put a dropper in the office or perform an injection. Vaccination can also be carried out in a clinic setting.

The nurse assists the doctor during the reception of patients. In addition, the junior specialist is responsible for methodical literature institutions. Keeps records of all books and journals of the Cabinet, and also periodically updates them.

Department Nurse

In a hospital setting, most junior specialists work daily. The nurse enters the shift at 8.00 and receives all information about the patients of the department from the specialist who has finished work. The main duties of the employee depend on the purpose of the medical institution. All information is described by the job description of the department nurse. A junior employee must be able to inject intravenously or intramuscularly, put a dropper, and provide first aid. This is especially important for those nurses who work the night shift.

The responsibilities of the department nurse also include keeping a register of the consumption of medicines, which are funded by the state. If a the right medicine was not in the first-aid kit, the patient should be informed in advance.

Many employees also undergo psychological training before they start working. The nurse's job description describes how to deal with a difficult patient. Support for the patient has great value. A friendly attitude helps to cope with even the most terrible ailment.

Kindergarten Nurse

Each educational institution has medical office. Children are vaccinated here, and first aid is provided. Nurse job description kindergarten describes what a specialist working with preschoolers should be able to do. Every day, the nurse makes rounds and examines all the babies. To avoid infecting other babies, a child with suspicious symptoms is taken to an isolation room until the parents arrive.

Each kindergarten nurse keeps records in children's cards. All data is transferred to the clinic to the local pediatrician. Vaccination of babies is also carried out within the walls of a preschool institution. Before administering the vaccination, the nurse must obtain written permission from the parents.

senior medical staff

In every medical institution there is a senior nurse who monitors the quality of the performance of duties by junior nurses. If an employee made a mistake (for example, the patient was injected with the wrong drug), not only the junior, but also the senior employee will be responsible. The job description of the head nurse describes other duties. The specialist conducts trainings and education in case of retraining of the department.

The head nurse is an intermediary between the head physician and ordinary employees. She assists the manager in administrative and economic matters. The specialist has to monitor the cleanliness in the department, draw up a work schedule for junior employees. The job description of a nurse also includes the need to provide first medical care patients in case of force majeure.

What should every nurse know?

Regardless of the place of work, each nurse should have almost the same knowledge. First of all, these are the basic concepts of first aid. Every junior specialist must be able to do indirect massage heart, stop bleeding, apply tourniquets and bandages. The junior nurse should know how to put droppers and injections correctly.

The job description of a polyclinic nurse describes the secondary duties of a junior employee. Good specialist should be able to properly store drugs in ampoules, know where the vaccine is located. You need to spend properly medical devices. Failure to comply with these rules may result in disciplinary action. And when it comes to drugs, things are even more serious.

The rights of a nurse

Every junior employee is entitled to paid leave. For certain categories different time frames are set. Most of all, the nurses of the tuberculosis department can have a rest. They can count on vacation, the duration of which is 60 calendar days. In addition, employees of such departments retire much faster. Each working year counts as two. Nurses have the right to be served in hospitals and clinics without waiting in line.

The functional duties of a nurse, a girl or a woman, whose actions are led by a doctor, include the implementation of the basic rule: caring for the patient at the direction of the authorities and only him. Other important instructions for her come from this.

What should a nurse know?

The knowledge of the nurse should be broad enough. She should not just become familiar with the laws related to the health system, but learn them by heart, as well as the rights relating to her direct work and the work in which she is engaged. Basics fire safety, the tasks of a nurse and the organization of health care institutions, such a girl or woman should know very well. She should be guided in her activities by the law, orders of the immediate supervisor, materials related to medical issues, the charter of the institution, the rules of hygiene and labor regulations, and job description(exclusively real).

This list basically includes the following: care for patients and the sick, the provision of medical care before the doctor arrives; sterilization of instruments, dressings and other items for treatment; control over the storage, consumption and use of medicines and preparations, their accounting. The nurse is also involved in ensuring that the patient undergoes the procedures exclusively correctly, as well as recording data on the patient's condition. She puts droppers and injections in the hospital, takes a blood sample, prepares instruments and preparations before the operation; measures pressure and temperature, makes injections, applies bandages and the like. This is especially true for representatives of this profession who work in emergency rooms, schools and traumatology departments.

The functional duties of a nurse in children's clinics also include patronage - monitoring the condition of the child and special advice to parents on how to care for him at home. The district nurse keeps a record of people who come to see a doctor, as well as patients who go to the hospital. The duties of a nurse include filling out medical cards and checklists, filling out certificates. In the operating room, a girl of this specialty monitors the integrity and completeness of preparations and instruments, helps the surgeon by giving him necessary tools at his request with the necessary promptness. In schools and children's preschool institutions she is also responsible for seasonal and routine vaccinations.

Her duties include carrying out simple manipulations of a medical nature (associated with banks, compresses, heating pads); change underwear, as well as bed linen; assistance to a senior employee; transportation of seriously ill patients; monitoring compliance by patients with the rules of the institution, cleanliness, order. In addition, the functional duties of a nurse include replacing the head nurse when she goes on vacation or is on sick leave.

The words "doctor" and "humanist" are not synonymous, but are inextricably linked. Medical professions oblige to be humanists, to love people and help them in any, even the most adverse conditions. For people with health problems, it is uniquely associated with assistance, support and understanding.

A little about the profession

The profession of "medical worker" requires a certain courage and dedication from its owner. This is due to the fact that people have confidence in health workers as specialists who know their job well.

That is why choosing medical professions as a matter of life, a person is obliged to study even after graduation, because diseases are constantly changing, as well as their treatment. Among medical educational institutions there are institutes and academies.

List of medical specialties

The list of medical professions includes such specialties as:

The listed medical professions (the list is far from complete) are the main profiles in this specialty. Each of them has more narrow specialists responsible for the treatment of specific parts of the human body.

Specialty Nurse

Secondary specialized medical education makes it possible to train specialists from the category of medical staff. The nursing profession falls into this category.

A nurse (nurse) is an assistant or assistant to a doctor in a medical institution. The main task of the mid-level medical staff is to carry out the treatment prescribed by the doctor to the patient and to care for sick people.

The profession of a nurse is included in the category of middle staff of a medical institution and has several narrower areas. Although many specialties are included in the concept of "medical professions", the list of mid-level specialists is headed by the position of chief nurse.

Chief and Head Nurse

At the head of the attending medical staff is the chief nurse - this is a specialist with a higher medical education (faculty of nursing). The duties of the chief nurse include organizing and supervising the work of middle and junior medical staff, as well as improving their professionalism.

The concept of organizing the workflow includes scheduling the work of lower-level medical staff and monitoring its implementation. Her responsibilities also include:

• Control the receipt, storage, distribution and accounting of dressings and medications, including those containing poisonous or narcotic substances.
• Supervise the fulfillment of duties by middle and junior staff, as well as improve their qualifications and professional level.
• Monitor the quality of disinfection of the medical institution, timely change of bed linen and control the transportation of patients inside the hospital.

The head nurse is the assistant to the head of the department. Her responsibilities include supervising the work of ward nurses and junior medical staff.

Middle and junior health workers

Nurses organize the work of junior medical staff: nurses, junior nurses and housewives.

Medical checkup

People exercising labor activity associated with a risk or hazardous to health production, work with children and many others are required to undergo medical checkup. It can be held once a year or every two years.

There is a list that indicates who must undergo a medical examination. The professions included in it are categories of professions associated with hazardous production or with production risk, for example, with high-altitude work, harmful substances, noise, dust and others.

also in without fail medical examinations are carried out by workers in the food industry, teachers and employees of preschool educational institutions, drivers, sailors, medical staff and representatives of other professions.

Choice of profession

Medical professions are in demand modern society, therefore, annually secondary special and higher medical institutions release new professionals. This is primarily due to the fact that an unhealthy environment, constant stress, junk food every year the number of people with pathologies or chronic diseases is increasing.

(district nurse)

Workplace: office of the local doctor, territorial area of ​​the polyclinic.

Activity goals:
- assistance to the doctor in the provision of PRIMARY health care to the population of the service area;
- assistance to the doctor when receiving a patient in a polyclinic (outpatient appointment), dispensary, medical unit, etc.;
- assistance to the doctor in monitoring patients who are being treated at home;
- fulfillment of medical appointments and sanitary-educational work among patients.

Honey. sister should know:

Organization and structure of the polyclinic (MSCh, dispensary);
- the structure of the serviced area, both TERRITORIAL and morbidity;
- principles of ORGANIZATION and CARRYING OUT medical examination;
one of the main methods of treatment and prevention work includes ACTIVE IDENTIFICATION of patients who need medical supervision in order to establish the initial forms of the disease, keeping records and systematic or periodic monitoring of their health CERTAIN GROUP the population and the sick; timely treatment and preventive measures for the PREVENTION of diseases and their complications, etc.;
- principles PREVENTIVE WORK among the population;
- volume and methods of sanitary-educational work among the population;
- basic medications used to treat the most common diseases;
- rules for DISPOSAL, RECEIVING and STORAGE of medicines;
- documentation of this institution;
- RULES for CURRENT and FINAL disinfection in the focus of infection (pay attention close attention for especially dangerous infections);

Ways to prepare patients for various types research:
a) radiological: fluoroscopy or -graphy of organs chest, CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY - study of the gallbladder. IRRIGOSCOPY - examination of the colon: EJUNOSCOPY - examination small intestine, examination of the stomach and duodenum), BRONCHOGRAM - examination of the bronchi:
b) instrumental (ENDOSCOPIC, that is, studying the state of the mucosa of hollow organs):
- ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY (EGDS) - examination of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum;
- COLONOSCOPY - examination of the COLON mucosa;
- SIGMOSCOPY - examination of the mucosa of the SIGMOID colon;
- RECTROMANOSCOPY - examination of the rectal mucosa;
in) ultrasound procedure organs (ultrasound);
G) laboratory research biological fluids patient:
- blood,
- urine,
- sputum
-cal,
- contents of the stomach and duodenum;
- methods of transporting biological fluids to the laboratory;
- rules for completing the bag of the DISTRICT DOCTOR and DISTRICT NURSE;
- rules for conducting PREVENTIVE vaccinations;
- rules for performing various manipulations at home and in a clinic.

The nurse must be able:

1. Organize and control the implementation of the current and final disinfection in the focus of infection.
2. If necessary, familiarize patients with the organization of work and the structure of the clinic.
3. Keep records of DISPENSARY patients, invite them to the next examination with a doctor or visit them at home with a doctor.
4. Carry out sanitary and educational work in your territorial area.
5. Write prescriptions for medicines prescribed by a physician, except for narcotic drugs.

6. Prescribe, receive and store medicines for:
- doctor's bags and honey. sisters,
- procedural and dressing rooms, etc.
7. Keep documentation provided for polyclinics ( outpatient card patient - title page, statistical coupon - title page, coupons for doctor's appointments, dispensary registration cards of patients, etc.).
8. Prepare the patient or his relatives for various types of research (see above).
9. Carry out manipulations prescribed by a doctor in a clinic and at home.
10. Carry out PATRONAGE at home.
11. Conduct:
- examination of patients for pediculosis!
- measurement of blood pressure;
- measurement of G, as well as measurement of the volume of the chest, abdomen, limbs, body length;
- counting the pulse, the number of respiratory movements.
12. Explain to the patient and his relatives the features of caring for a seriously ill patient.
13. Provide first aid to the patient if necessary.
14. Use scales to weigh the patient.
15. Use a stadiometer to measure the patient's height.
16. When calling an ambulance to the patient's house, correctly report to the doctor about the patient's condition.
17. In case of emergency, calm the patient and his relatives and be their support.
18. Carry out patronage at home of patients discharged from the hospital and unable to visit the clinic for health reasons.
19. Organize activists in your territorial area, teach them the elements of caring for the seriously ill, thus providing an opportunity to help patients (especially lonely ones) more often.
20. In the polyclinic, regulate the admission of patients, taking into account their condition.