How does gallbladder disease progress? Diseases of the gallbladder. Signs, symptoms, treatment, diet. main symptoms of gallbladder disease

The gallbladder is a thin-walled hollow organ that stores and concentrates bile that passes into the duodenum. Its length is 80-140 mm, width 30-50 mm, content - 40-70 cm3. The wall consists of 3 layers: mucous, muscular, adventitial membranes. At the first signs of the disease, it is necessary to go to the hospital as soon as possible.

The body performs the following functions:

Concentration - the concentration of bile due to the absorption of acid by the bladder is several times greater in comparison with hepatic bile.
Hormonal - the antagonist cholecystokinin is released from the walls of the organ.
Absorption - absorbs individual elements of bile.
When the organ contracts, bile enters the bile ducts.
hydrostatic - pressure biliary tract supported, bile easily enters gallbladder and comes out of it through the secretion of mucus.
Thanks to bile, the body is cleansed of toxins.
Promotes the breakdown of fats into components with a fine structure.
Actively absorbs useful components and vitamins.
Participates in the creation of synovial fluid of the joints.
Stimulates the functionality of the small intestine.
Prevents the growth and reproduction of negative intestinal microflora, fermentation.

Causes of the development of pathologies of the gallbladder

Gall Bladder may have several variants of pathologies:

Signs of gallstone disease

Gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) is the formation of stones in the bile ducts or bladder. The main cause of the disease is impaired bilirubin, cholesterol and other metabolic processes. After a while, the settling components stick to each other, hardening occurs, and stones form.

Main symptoms:

The occurrence of colic under the right rib.
The skin turns yellow.
There is heaviness in the abdomen.

Symptoms of dyskinesia of the gallbladder

The gallbladder (symptoms of the disease appear as a result of impaired motor functions) may have a common pathology called dyskinesia. The main reason is psychotraumatic situations.

With dyskinesia, a person feels the following symptoms:

There are pains under the right rib.
After eating, the pain intensifies.
There is a feeling of bitterness in the mouth, more often in the morning.
Weakness.
Feels physically stressed.
The psychological state is disturbed, depression is becoming more frequent.
There is a frequent feeling of fatigue.
The mood worsens.
Bad dream.
Appetite worsens.

Manifestations of cholecystitis

When the intestinal microflora is infected, the outflow of bile is disturbed, inflammation appears - cholecystitis. Pathology acts as a consequence of complications of cholelithiasis. More often, cholecystitis occurs simultaneously with cholangitis, which is an inflammation bile ducts.

Middle-aged and older women are more commonly affected than men.

The main symptom of cholecystitis is the manifestation sharp pains in the right side below the ribs, which appear spontaneously. The reason for this manifestation is blocking the duct with a stone, the organ is irritated and inflamed.

Important! In pathology, bile enters the intestines irregularly. The skin and sclera of the eyes become icteric in color. Chronic cholecystitis is a pronounced symptom, the disease takes an exacerbated form in a more neglected state.

The disease is diagnosed according to the following symptoms:

The doctor takes an anamnesis.	The person may experience nausea and bloating.
Physical methods determine the diagnosis.	Stagnation in the organ provokes the lining of the tongue and the occurrence of unpleasant sensations in the right hypochondrium.
A narrow diagnosis helps confirm the diagnosis.	Through research on instrumental and laboratory types peristalsis, bile patency and other important features organ.

Symptoms of gallbladder cancer

The gallbladder can be affected by an infrequent cancer disease that develops as a result of cholelithiasis or chronic cholecystitis. Most often, the tumor is located on the neck and bottom of the organ. If the diagnosis is not made on time and treatment is not started, the symptoms quickly and progressively affect all human organs.

To the most common sign cancer include:

Right hypochondrium hurts.
The size of the liver increases.
There is a tumor-like formation in the abdomen.
Sometimes gastric dyspepsia may occur.

Signs of cholangitis

When the ducts are affected, cholangitis is diagnosed. Pathology manifests itself mainly in women in adulthood.

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

body temperature rises;
a disease of jaundice, against which the itching of the skin progresses;
chills;
sweating increases;
pain sensations with right side;
increased intoxication;
a person feels weakness, loss of appetite;
headache often.

Attention! With a severe transfer of the disease, consciousness is disturbed, shock appears.

If a person is late to see a doctor, having started the disease, with cholangitis, complications may appear in the form of cirrhosis of the liver, sepsis, peritonitis, toxic shock, hepatitis, abscess, liver failure.

What does jaundice mean in gallbladder problems?

The main causes of jaundice are:

elevated level production of bilirubin, red blood cells are rapidly destroyed;
the metabolism of bilirubin in the liver cells is disrupted, combining with glucuronic acid;
in the organs gastrointestinal tract an obstacle is formed, because of this, bilirubin in the bile to the intestine does not enter the physiological way.

When stones are formed in the ducts, the outflow of bile is blocked, excess bilirubin from the body cannot be removed in time. Gradually manifested mechanical jaundice. Unreleased bilirubin accumulates in the blood. An excess of the element contributes to the staining of all body tissues, giving it yellowness.

Attention! Jaundice is quite common as a complication of cholelithiasis. First of all, the patient needs to voice his complaints about the state of health to the therapist, he, if necessary, refers the patient to other specialists.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of diseases is carried out by the following methods:

The doctor performs palpation, determines the points with pain - a symptom of Kerr, Georgievsky-Mussi, Ortner-Grekov.
By surrender general analysis blood are determined by changes in its composition that contribute to inflammation.
Urinalysis makes it possible to determine urobilinogen.
The coprogram finds out violations of the digestive system.
Bile sampling is taken by probing.
Chemical analysis is used to study the constituent elements of bile.
Due to the sowing of bile, one can assume the etiology of the disease.
Under control ultrasound examination a biopsy is taken with a thin needle. The material is further studied to determine
Ultrasound of organs abdominal cavity makes it possible to explore anatomical features organ, the presence of organic changes, inflammation and calculi.
Computed tomography evaluates the prevalence of dropouts.
For radiopaque examination of the bladder and ducts, a technique called cholangiography is used.

What groups of drugs are used to treat gallbladder diseases?

Depending on the diagnosis, doctors predict further treatment, prescribe medications that normalize the functionality of the gallbladder.

The main groups of drugs:

With the help of antibiotics, cholecystitis is treated, as a result of an infection. Before taking medication, the patient takes a sample of bile to determine the bacteria that have entered the body.
With antispasmodics, the patient can get rid of pain in the hypochondrium on the right.
Specialists prescribe choleretic drugs as needed. Main purpose: relax muscle tissue and increase the flow of bile.

Effective antibiotics: list, instructions

The gallbladder (symptoms of the disease are relieved by drugs prescribed by the leading doctor) is treated more often with a medical method. More often 2 types of antibiotics are used, one of which is called Furazolidone, which clears the presence of bacteria.

As a second drug, which is taken simultaneously with the above, it is recommended to use:

Erythro- or Azithromycin;
Ciprofloxacin;
Ampicillin;
Amoxicillin;
Roxithromycin.

Antibiotics should not be used for:

cholelithiasis and non-calculous cholecystitis due to a non-bacterial cause of occurrence;
allergies to the contents;
kidney failure.

Cholagogue drugs: names, scheme of application

Experts distinguish several groups of choleretic drugs:

Anti-inflammatory drugs: the best drugs

To relieve inflammation, effective drugs are used, such as:

ibuprofen;
Tempalgin;
Analgin;
Paracetamol.

Painkillers: names, features of admission

To effective drugs relate:

Folk remedies for various problems with the gallbladder: step by step recipes, regimen

Gallbladder (symptoms of organ disease can be reduced folk remedies) causes pain when injured.

St. John's wort decoction:

1 tbsp dry St. John's wort pour 1 tbsp. boiling water;
leave on the stove over low heat for 10-15 minutes;
strain;
use 1/4 cup before meals 3 times a day.

John's wort can lift arterial pressure. People with hypertension should take medications with caution.

Corn silk infusion:

1 tbsp dry herbs pour 1 tbsp. boiling water;
insist 60 minutes in a thermos;
strain;
drink 1⁄4 tbsp. 30 minutes before meals, 3 rubles / day.

Dill water:

2 tbsp. l. dill seeds mixed with 2 tbsp. boiling water;
leave on low heat to boil for 10-15 minutes;
cool and strain;
take 1/2 cup before meals 3-4 times a day.

A decoction of barberry and walnut:

chop walnut leaves;
grind dried grass of wormwood, centaury, barberry bark;
mix all components in equal proportions;
15 g of the mixture pour 1 tbsp. purified chilled water;
insist half an hour;
put on fire and bring to a boil;
cool and strain through cheesecloth;
It is recommended to take a drink 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Anti-inflammatory agent:

2 peeled beets pour 3 liters of water in a large saucepan;
boil;
simmer over low heat for about 5 hours;
drain the resulting syrup;
chop the boiled vegetables with a grater and squeeze;
combine juice and syrup;
take 1/3 tbsp. half an hour before a meal in a warm form.

Herbal collection:

mix dried peppermint, common wormwood, St. John's wort, hop cones;
1 st. mix pour 40 ml of boiling water;
insist 60 minutes;
take 1/3 tbsp. 3 times a day before meals.

Cucumber Juice: when cucumbers ripen, it is recommended to drink ¼ cup of freshly squeezed cucumber juice 1 time per day. The drink helps to reduce pain and liquefy bile.

Therapeutic herbal collection:

use tansy flowers in the same volume, peppermint, celandine, calendula, bitter wormwood, fennel, dandelion roots, chamomile, corn stigmas, immortelle;
1 st. pour a spoonful of dried herbs with boiling water in a volume of 400 ml;
insist 60 minutes;
use before meals for half a cup 3 times a day.

Kalina and honey:

mix viburnum juice (preferably freshly squeezed) with any kind of honey;
take 1 tbsp. every morning on an empty stomach;
course of therapy to spend 30 days.

Cholagogue plants and their effect on the human body:

Sand immortelle- it contains esters, oils, carotene, ascorbic acid, bitter, coloring, tannic components. Grass promotes bile secretion, increased tone of the bile, a decrease in the concentration of bile acids, increased diuresis.
medicinal angelica- in the treatment use the rhizome of the plant. It provides a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular, nervous system.
in corn contains healthy fats and esters, vitamin K, C, bitter components. Contribute to the improvement of the choleretic process, a diuretic action that stops the blood.
in mint lies a lot positive properties. The plant helps to reduce itching, vasoconstriction, reduce nausea and vomiting.

Diet, nutritional rules for diseases of the gallbladder

To maintain and not worsen the state of health, you need to adhere to the basic rules of proper nutrition:

The diet should not contain foods based on essential oils and extracts, such as smoked meats, peppers, pickles, meat, cold snacks and others.
Do not eat foods with coarse fiber (nuts, beans, rye bread).
Chocolate and flour products are prohibited.
It is required to dilute the diet with dairy products, eggs, cucumbers, strawberries.
When following a diet, it is worth using decoctions based on choleretic herbs: immortelle, corn stigmas, tansy, St. John's wort.
An integral part of the diet is a course of therapy based on mineral water.
It is necessary to consume up to 3 liters of liquid per day.
Will not superfluous application buckwheat and oatmeal, low-fat cottage cheese, kefir.

When is an operation needed?

If not scheduled on time proper treatment or medical treatment does not help, and the patient's condition worsens, surgical intervention is necessary.

The operation helps the calculi disappear, restores the patency of the ducts, and contributes to the functioning of the organs of the digestive system. After diagnostic procedures a decision is made to conduct an emergency or planned operation.

Possible complications of gallbladder pathologies

The gallbladder, the symptoms of its disease can progress and cause complications:

secondary inflammation;
bile defect;
outlet anastomoses;
change in the color of urine;
colorless feces;
icteric skin tone;

chills;
temperature;
liver abscess;
pancreatitis;
mechanical jaundice.

Prevention of diseases of the gallbladder

When conducting disease prevention, it is necessary:

use mineral water in the diet;
the daily norm of the drunk liquid should not be less than 2 liters;
vegetable oils should be used in the diet, beetroot juice, herbal preparations;
carry out daily sports exercises;
use olive oil in the diet, whole grain products rich in fiber and with low content fat.

Don't Forget What's Right balanced diet and doing sports exercises every day is best method maintain the health of the gallbladder and other organs, preventing the symptoms of the disease from progressing.

Video about diseases of the gallbladder and methods of their treatment

The first symptoms of gallbladder disease:

Symptoms and treatment of gallstone disease:

Common signs of diseases of the gallbladder and ducts

The figure shows a diagram of the system of the gallbladder and bile ducts - the biliary system. It consists of the gallbladder, its duct, which connects to the hepatic duct. Together they form the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum.

Bile is formed in the cells of the liver, enters from there into the bile capillaries, then into the hepatic duct. Part of the bile from it through the common bile duct directly enters the duodenum, part goes to the gallbladder .. In the gallbladder, bile is concentrated. When food enters the duodenum, it stimulates the release of concentrated bile from the gallbladder. Fats have the strongest stimulating effect on the gallbladder. egg yolks. After contraction, the tone of the gallbladder decreases, and it begins to fill with bile again.

The normal composition of bile and its normal secretion are of great importance for the life of the body. Bile, as it were, prepares fats for their further digestion and absorption. The dissolution and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K is facilitated. Under the influence of bile acids, the motor function of the intestine is activated. As part of bile, salts of heavy metals, some substances harmful to the body, and drugs are excreted from the body. Most of the bile acids in the intestine are reabsorbed, enter the liver, and there stimulate the formation of bile in the liver cells. Bile contains a coloring pigment called bilirubin.

Pain, dyspeptic disorders, jaundice, pruritus are characteristic of diseases of the biliary system. Pain occurs in the right hypochondrium, less often in the right hypochondrium and epigastric region; give to the right shoulder blade, right shoulder; aggravated after eating fatty, spicy, spicy and fried foods, after physical exertion, shaky driving, sometimes when changing position of the body. If these pains occur suddenly, with attacks, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, they are called hepatic colic and with big share probabilities testify in favor of cholelithiasis. In a number of patients, against the background of more or less weak constant pain in the right hypochondrium, short-term severe pain appears. When probing the abdomen in the right paroxysm, pain is determined. Bitterness is characteristic. Vomiting naturally accompanies hepatic colic. Jaundice is caused by blockage - temporary or permanent - of the hepatic or common bile ducts and is called mechanical.

Dyskinesia of the biliary tract

Dyskinesia (impaired movement) of the biliary tract is a functional disease in which there are no organic, structural changes gallbladder and ducts, and only their motor function is impaired. At the same time, there is an excessive or insufficient contraction of the gallbladder, inconsistent activity in the opening and closing of the ducts. The causes of dyskinesia are recognized as acute and chronic traumatic situations, deep intrapersonal conflicts; hypersensitivity to some food products(allergy).

Signs of dyskinesia can be divided into "local" symptoms, mainly pain, and general, manifested by changes in the psychological state.

Pain occurs in the right hypochondrium. They are of an indefinite nature, dull, aching, lasting from several hours to several days. Pain can also be severe, cramping, most often short-lived. Jaundice, fever does not happen.

Constant fatigue, bad mood, sleep and appetite disorders are also characteristic, often men and women have problems in intimate life.

In such situations, you should consult a doctor and conduct the necessary studies. The diagnosis of dyskinesia can be made if other, organic diseases of the gallbladder and ducts are not detected. At the same time, during x-ray or more often ultrasound violations of the motor activity of the gallbladder are detected - a slowdown in the evacuation of bile or, conversely, too energetic, strong contractions. Treatment depends on the nature of these disorders.

Patients with reduced tone of the gallbladder, slowing down the release of bile, it is desirable to eat more often (5-6 times a day), since each meal stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder. It is useful that the diet contains foods that also stimulate the secretion of bile. These are vegetable oils, they can be added to salads, cereals; as well as plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits ("green diet"). Sorbitol and xylitol, substances used as sugar substitutes, have a strong choleretic effect. It is useful to conduct "blind" duodenal soundings 1-2 times a week. The technique for this procedure is simple. In the morning on an empty stomach, lie on your right side and put a warm heating pad in the liver area, after 10-15 minutes drink 1-2 teaspoons of sorbitol or xylitol dissolved in warm water, then lie down on the heating pad for 30 minutes. The dose of sorbitol or xylitol should be chosen by yourself so that after taking it there is no diarrhea. Effective massage of the anterior abdominal wall.

If the tone of the gallbladder is increased, the contractions are stronger, it is better not to perform duodenal blind probing. Choleretic drugs are prescribed, which stimulate the production of more liquid bile and facilitate its release. The most effective herbal choleretic.

Many medicinal plants have choleretic properties. The most commonly used immortelle, corn stigmas, yarrow, nettle, calendula, burdock, dandelion. Fees (mixtures) from these plants can be sold in the form of choleretic tea. 1 tablespoon of the dried plant or mixture is poured in the evening with a glass of boiling water, settled for 12 hours, filtered, consumed 2 times a day before meals, 1/2 cup.

Mineral waters belong to choleretic agents. These are “Essentuki” No. 4 and 17, mineral waters of Zheleznovodsk and Karlovy Vary, Truskavets. It is useful to treat choleretic mineral water 1 time in six months. Bottled water should be taken warm 2 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals, drink in large sips. The duration of the course is 1 month.

Cholelithiasis

Gallstone disease is a disease in which stones form in the gallbladder and/or bile ducts. The number of patients with cholelithiasis is steadily increasing, partly due to improved diagnosis of latent forms of the disease.

Gallstones are crystalline structures that occur in abnormal bile. Stones are formed from cholesterol and calcium salts associated with the bile pigment bilirubin. The solubility of cholesterol in bile depends on the ratio of cholesterol itself, fat-like substances of phospholipids and bile acids in it. Stones begin to appear with increased cholesterol formation, a decrease in the secretion of bile acids and phospholipids. Risk factors for the formation of cholesterol stones are genetic features, there is a clear family predisposition, with residents of Northern Europe, Northern and South America. Risk factors are also obesity, high-calorie diet, diabetes. Women get sick more often. Pregnancy predisposes to the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Pigment stones often occur in residents of the East, in elderly patients, alcoholic cirrhosis liver, chronic cholecystitis.

Signs of gallstone disease largely depend on the number of stones, their location and size, as well as on the part of the biliary system where the stone “gets stuck” (see diagram). Do you have enough a large number persons with the presence of stones in the gallbladder have no manifestations of the disease, usually they are single, large stones. A typical manifestation of cholelithiasis are attacks of hepatic colic, caused by the release of stones from the bladder and their movement along the ducts. At the same time, severe pains suddenly arise in the right hypochondrium, which are given to the right hand, right shoulder blade, accompanied by nausea, repeated vomiting. Often the inflammatory process in the bladder joins, the temperature rises. If the stone is at least a short time clogs the common bile duct, the patient notices dark urine soon after colic, there may be discolored feces.

Already the very first colic or just pain in the right hypochondrium is a signal of the need to see a doctor and have an examination. Ultrasound is the main method for detecting gallstones in the gallbladder. X-ray examination is also carried out.

Some progress has been made in the treatment of gallstone disease. The main method is surgical removal the affected gallbladder. The usual operation is quite serious. Along with it, the removal of the bladder using a laparoscopic technique, which does not require opening the abdominal cavity, is becoming more common. Stone crushing under the influence of shock ultrasonic waves is less commonly used.

For chemical dissolution of stones, treatment with bile acid preparations - chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used. HDCA preparations: henochol, henofalk, henosan, henodol. UDCA preparations: urosan, ursofalk, ursodiol. Not all patients are indicated for treatment with bile acids. The size of the stones should not exceed 20 mm, the gallbladder should retain its contractility, and the bile ducts should be patency. It is desirable that the duration of the disease does not exceed 2-3 years. Long-term treatment with bile acids - up to 2 years. If within 6-12 months there is no decrease in the size of the stones, it is advisable to stop treatment.

Chronic cholecystitis

Chronic cholecystitis is an inflammatory disease of the gallbladder. Most common cause development of chronic cholecystitis is bacterial infection- various types of Escherichia coli, Proteus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus. The role of viruses, in particular hepatitis viruses, is discussed. Giardiasis of the biliary tract is of some importance. Promote long lasting inflammatory process changes in the properties of bile, the formation of stones and violations of the outflow of bile.

There are two forms of chronic cholecystitis - against the background of stones in the bladder and without them (calculous and non-calculous cholecystitis - see diagram 1 and 2, respectively).

In patients with calculous cholecystitis, in most cases, the exacerbation of the process is manifested by attacks of hepatic colic. Suddenly there are strong cramping pains in the right hypochondrium, which are given to the right shoulder, right shoulder blade, accompanied by nausea, repeated vomiting, which does not bring relief. Rapidly transient or prolonged jaundice may develop. Often the doctor determines an enlarged gallbladder. With non-calculous cholecystitis, the picture may be similar to colic, but the intensity of pain and their duration is usually less than with cholelithiasis. In many patients pain in the right hypochondrium is constant, aching, aggravated by violation of the diet, shaky driving.

The most common and reliable method for recognizing gallstone disease is ultrasound. As a result, X-ray methods are less commonly used.

Treatment is prescribed by a gastroenterologist. It is advisable to follow a non-strict diet.

Bread - white and black yesterday's baking.
First courses - vegetable, dairy soups, cabbage soup, borscht, vegetarian beetroot soups.
Second courses - from low-fat cuts of beef, chicken, rabbit, fish, boiled or in the form of steam cutlets, rolls, meatballs, as well as beef stroganoff or boiled meat stew.
Vegetable dishes and side dishes - from vegetables in any form, except for fried ones.
Dishes from cereals and pasta - cereals, casseroles with the addition of cottage cheese, raisins, dried apricots.
Dairy products - milk, kefir, curdled milk, cottage cheese; cream and sour cream limited.
Fats - limited butter, vegetable oils.
Egg dishes - eggs no more than 1 per day in dishes, protein omelet.
Sweet dishes - fresh fruits, compotes, jelly, honey.
Snacks - boiled fish, soaked herring, limited, mild cheese, vinaigrettes, vegetable salads with vegetable oil.
Drinks - weak tea and weak coffee with milk, infusions of wild rose and currant.

Forbidden:

Very cold and very hot food and drinks, meat and fish and especially mushroom broths, fatty meats and fish, smoked meats, spices, fatty dishes, pancakes, pancakes, cocoa, chocolate, ice cream, mushrooms, sour varieties apples, alcohol

To improve the outflow of bile, choleretic agents are prescribed, mainly of plant origin - immortelle, corn stigmas, yarrow, nettle, calendula, burdock, dandelion. Fees (mixtures) from these plants can be sold in the form of choleretic tea. 1 tablespoon of the dried plant or mixture is poured in the evening with a glass of boiling water, settled for 12 hours, filtered, consumed 2 times a day before meals, 1/2 cup. Blind duodenal soundings can also be recommended once a week or two weeks. Patients with calculous cholecystitis can not be duodenal sounding because of the risk of obstructive jaundice.

Patients with calculous cholecystitis are fundamentally shown to remove stones (see treatment of cholelithiasis). In case of violations physical and chemical properties bile useful application for a long period of time (3-6 months) of wheat bran.

Treatment of patients with chronic cholecystitis is effective at resorts with mineral waters that have a choleretic effect (Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Karlovy Vary, Vichy, Wiesbaden). Bottled mineral waters of these resorts are also prescribed. Well drinking cure is 25-30 days, 200-250 ml of water 3 times a day before meals in a warm form. Patients with the presence of stones in the gallbladder should use mineral water with great caution before their removal.

Postcholecystectomy syndrome

Cholecystectomy is the removal of the gallbladder for stones in it, some other diseases. Postcholecystectomy syndrome is a collective concept, it includes a number of diseases resulting from surgical intervention or progressive as a result of surgery.

There are various variants of manifestations of postcholecystectomy syndrome, depending on the cause.

The first option is pain in the right hypochondrium, often of the type of hepatic colic, a constant or, more often, recurring jaundice develops. The reason may be stones in the bile ducts not detected during the operation, narrowing of the common bile duct and the place where it flows into the duodenum.

The second option - attacks of pain in the left hypochondrium, in the epigastric region and left hypochondrium or girdle pain, nausea, vomiting. It is caused by inflammation of the pancreas - pancreatitis.

The third option - signs chronic gastritis, inflammation of the duodenum and small intestine- pain in the epigastric region, bloating, rumbling, diarrhea or constipation.

If these disorders appear after gallbladder surgery, you should consult a doctor and conduct an examination to identify the cause of postcholecystectomy syndrome. Depending on this, certain methods of treatment are used. In the first option, the patient may be offered a second operation, which is now being carried out with sparing methods. If detected chronic pancreatitis, gastritis, intestinal inflammation - these diseases are treated (see the relevant sections).

Tumors of the gallbladder and ducts

Tumors of the gallbladder and bile ducts can be benign or malignant (cancer).

Currently benign tumors of the gallbladder began to be detected more often, mainly due to the widespread use of ultrasound in practical work. They are called polyps. They proceed almost without any manifestations. There are various approaches to their treatment. More often, they are re-observed by ultrasound for the first time after 6 months, then once a year. A rapid increase in the size of polyps, changes in some laboratory parameters suggests a transition to a malignant form. In such cases, the patient is operated on.

Gallbladder cancer is the fifth most common malignant tumor digestive system. Risk factors for the disease are cholelithiasis, advanced and senile age, benign tumors of the gallbladder.

On the early stages the tumor proceeds without any signs or is masked by manifestations of calculous cholecystitis. It can be detected when preventive examinations when their program includes the use of abdominal ultrasound. In the later stages, the patient begins to lose weight, there are pains in the right hypochondrium, jaundice. Radical treatment - surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Bile duct cancer can often be located along the common bile duct, at the junction of the cystic and hepatic ducts, and in the terminal section of the common hepatic duct (see diagram). The main symptom of bile duct cancer is jaundice, which is constantly increasing. It is accompanied by a pronounced skin itching. main method early detection bile duct cancer is also an ultrasound examination.
Treatment - surgical.

One of the most common pathologies of the digestive system is cholecystitis, or an inflammatory process in the gallbladder. The disease has an infectious and inflammatory genesis, the root causes of development often lie in the opportunistic flora that has invaded the gallbladder. Cholecystitis in gastroenterology is considered insidious disease due to the nonspecific and multifaceted clinical picture. In the risk group - women over 40 years old, in men, inflammation in the gallbladder is diagnosed half as often.

The inflammatory process in the gallbladder can occur in acute and chronic forms, but chronic cholecystitis is more common. Among cholecystitis, calculous is especially common - a type of inflammation associated with the formation of stones in the bladder and ducts. There is a form of pathology uncomplicated by conglomerates - acalculous cholecystitis.

Risk factors

Inflammation of the gallbladder often occurs due to infection of the organ by harmful microorganisms against the background of weakened immunity and the presence of background diseases. An important role in the formation of predisposition to cholecystitis is assigned to the hereditary factor.

To start an active inflammatory process, it is necessary to influence the accompanying negative factors:

stagnation of bile against the background of blockage of the biliary tract, dyskinesia;
acute infectious processes in the body;
prolapse of organs digestive tract;
hypodynamia;
irrational nutrition with non-observance of time intervals between meals;
overeating, abuse of fatty foods;
regular drinking, smoking;
frequent exposure to traumatic situations;
endocrine dysfunctions.

Symptoms

Inflammation in the gallbladder develops gradually, on the rise, often turning into a chronic relapsing form. Signs of inflammation of the gallbladder vary depending on the type of pathology.

Acute cholecystitis is manifested by the following symptoms:

pains are sharp and pulling, bursting, with localization in the right side below the ribs; possible irradiation to right forearm, collarbone or shoulder blade; paroxysmal pain is typical for gallstone cholecystitis- its occurrence is due to blockage of the biliary duct by a stone or a voluminous clot of bile secretion;
loss of appetite and weight loss;
obstructive jaundice with discoloration of the skin and eye sclera;
high temperature, up to fever as a sign of intoxication;
nausea and occasional vomiting with the presence of bile in the vomit;
bloating;
violation of the stool (stubborn constipation).

Symptoms of inflammation of the gallbladder in the chronic form are less pronounced, may disappear and reappear. Chronic cholecystitis manifests itself:

mild or moderate pain in the right side, and the pain is aggravated after eating a fatty meal or excess physical activity; the nature of the pain varies from stabbing to squeezing and tends to radiate to the sacrum, the area of the solar plexus;
belching air, food;
morning sickness on an empty stomach;
heaviness and discomfort in the epigastric region.

Some patients with cholecystitis among the classic signs of inflammation develop VVD symptoms- increased sweating, tachycardia attacks, increased heart rate, migraine, insomnia. Additionally, there are a number of signs of cholecystitis that occur exclusively in women:

changeable mood;
swelling of the legs and blanching of the skin on them;
attacks of headaches, aggravated before menstruation;
premenstrual tension syndrome.

Diagnostics

The first alarming symptoms of inflammation of the gallbladder require immediate treatment to a gastroenterologist. Interviewing complaints and taking anamnesis allows you to identify information about past illnesses gastrointestinal tract and biliary system, infectious pathologies, lifestyle and eating behavior. When palpating the liver and gallbladder with inflammatory changes, the doctor pays attention to the tense abdominal wall and pain on the right side.

After the initial examination, a number of diagnostic procedures are carried out:

clinical and biochemical blood tests, the results of which are characterized by an acceleration of ESR, an increase in the number of white blood cells and neutrophils, an increase in the activity of liver enzymes and bilirubin, C-reactive protein;
a general analysis of urine, which reveals the presence of bile acids as a sign of trouble from the biliary tract;
echography of the organs of the biliary system shows compacted, hypertrophied, layered walls of the gallbladder, an irregular shape of the organ or compression in volume;
duodenal sounding allows you to establish failures in the process of accumulation and excretion of bile; indicative of the appearance of the bile secretion in inflammation of the bladder - with the presence of sediment, mucus; in microscopy are present in large volumes leukocytes, cholesterol, lamblia cysts.

Therapeutic measures

Treatment for inflammation of the gallbladder is complex and is aimed at suppressing the infectious focus, eliminating bile stasis, combating pain and dyspepsia. The indication for antibiotic therapy is the results of sowing the bile secretion on the bacterial flora. But antibiotics are always prescribed for inflammation of the gallbladder, and after receiving the results of the sowing, the correction of therapeutic measures is carried out. The most effective for cholecystitis Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin, Ofloxacin, Doxycycline.

Other drugs used in complex therapy against inflammation of the gallbladder:

antispasmodics (Drotaverine), analgesics (Baralgin) and M-anticholinergics (Metacin) help relieve spasms and pain;
drugs with a prokinetic effect are indicated for reduced contractility of the gallbladder and ducts (Motilac, Domperidone);
agents with a litholytic effect are indicated for calculous inflammation of the bladder (Ursosan);
drugs to stimulate and normalize bile secretion (Allahol, Odeston) are prescribed outside the acute period and only with acalculous cholecystitis;
hepatoprotectors are necessary not only to improve the outflow of bile secretions, but also to restore the functionality of the liver (Hofitol, Gepabene);
means for improving digestive processes can ease the burden on the gastrointestinal tract and eliminate dyspepsia (Creon, Pangrol);
drugs with a sedative effect are additionally prescribed to women shortly before the onset of menstruation and to persons with negative manifestations of dystonia (motherwort extract, Novopassit).

After recovery from exacerbation, patients may be prescribed physiotherapy. The benefits of physiotherapy are to optimize the motility of the organ, improve the tone of the biliary tract. With cholecystitis during remission, UHF, ultrasound, paraffin and mud applications on the gallbladder area are useful. A positive result in relieving inflammation is given by radon and hydrogen sulfide baths, they must be taken in courses.

Diet

It is impossible to remove inflammation of the gallbladder without following a sparing diet. Compliance with the principles of a healthy diet allows you to normalize the process of bile formation and the timely release of bile into the duodenum. To achieve this goal, fractional nutrition with the use of small amounts of food helps. If the patient takes food up to 6 times a day, the gallbladder secretes bile into the intestines in time, the risk of congestion is minimized. When a person eats on the run, dry food, and the intervals between meals last more than 5-6 hours, bile accumulates, and the bladder becomes inflamed.

With a disease such as cholecystitis, the diet is selected individually by a gastroenterologist, taking into account the form of bladder inflammation. In all cases, foods with an irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract are excluded from the diet:

spicy and sour food;
too hot or cold food;
dishes containing vinegar, spices;
fatty, fried and smoked foods.

The diet of patients with cholecystitis consists of boiled, baked, stewed food. Allowed cereals, vegetables without coarse fiber, lean meat, steam omelettes and puddings, low-fat dairy products. Fresh sweet pastries are prohibited, but you can use croutons from white bread, cereal loaves. From fats, preference is given to vegetable, but not more than 100 g per day.

Reception of large volumes of liquid with inflammation of the gallbladder is necessary. When drinking 2 liters of fluid per day, bile liquefies and acquires optimal rheological properties, which speeds up the process of secretion evacuation along the ducts without the risk of blockage. Recommended drinks - mineral water without gas, a decoction of rose hips, sweet juices diluted 1: 1 with water.

Phytotherapy

You can treat inflammation with the help of folk methods. Phytotherapy allows you to accelerate the recovery of the body, relieve pain and discomfort in the problem area. But it is better to combine herbal medicine with the main drug treatment- pills and herbs in the complex give the maximum effect. Before you start taking herbal infusions a doctor's consultation is necessary - ill-conceived treatment with folk remedies can give a negative result.

Effective folk recipes from cholecystitis:

With the help of an infusion of stigmas of corn, painful spasms and improve bile secretion. To prepare 10 g of dry stigmas, add 250 ml of boiling water and leave for an hour. Take 50 ml before meals.
Peppermint infusion is beneficial for women suffering from cholecystitis due to its soothing and anti-inflammatory effects. To prepare 20 g of mint leaves, pour a glass of boiling water and heat in a water bath for 25 minutes. Cool and drink before meals three times a day.
Parsley infusion improves digestion and has a slight choleretic effect. Finely chopped parsley in a volume of 10 g is poured with a glass of boiling water, allowed to brew and drunk warm, 50 ml before meals.

Forecast and prevention

The prognosis for recovery in uncomplicated forms of cholecystitis is favorable. Calculous forms are more difficult to cure. In the presence of chronic cholecystitis, a long-term (lifelong) remission can be achieved by observing medical prescriptions - taking prescribed medications, eating right, and conducting an ultrasound scan of the biliary tract organs annually. An unfavorable outcome is possible in the case of severe purulent forms of cholecystitis and multiple voluminous stones. In this case, the only way out is the complete excision of the gallbladder.

To prevent the development of cholecystitis, it is necessary to eliminate the negative causes leading to gallbladder damage - get rid of bad habits and excess weight, change the diet, treat bacterial and viral diseases in a timely manner. It is important for people with aggravated heredity to regularly conduct ultrasound diagnostics to monitor the digestive tract.

Inna Lavrenko

Reading time: 6 minutes

A A

Gallbladder diseases are conditions associated with a violation of the natural functioning of the organ and the pathways that remove bile. They are accompanied by a difficult separation of bile and some other manifestations.

It resembles a pear in shape and is located near the lower lobe of the liver. Despite their small size, this body performs an extremely important role - it is in it that bile accumulates, which the liver produces and, thanks to muscle contraction, at a certain moment it enters the duodenum, where it fulfills its purpose.

Bile accumulates in the bladder until the moment when there is no need for its use in the digestive tract, namely, in the process of eating by a person. The intestine, thanks to this substance, copes with the active digestion of incoming food.

Problems and pathological conditions of the organ and pathways lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of human life - in addition to pain, pathology forces to abandon familiar products, in some cases, such a measure is adhered to until the end of life. A long stagnation of bile in the bladder can eventually lead to significant changes - given fluid in large volumes has a destructive effect on all organs into which it enters and in which it stagnates.

It is customary to distinguish several main diseases of the biliary tract and gallbladder, and each of these conditions requires professional approach to the healing process

colic;
dyskinesia;
the appearance of a tumor and so on.

Causes leading to the development of the disease

The first "bells" that speak of a growing problem with the gallbladder are:

feeling of bitterness in the mouth;
loss of appetite;
sleep disturbance and constant malaise.

Actions that affect the development of gallbladder disease:

wrong diet. The constant use of unhealthy food causes too active secretion, and some of its components can lead to the accumulation of stones and sand;
high concentration or lack of cholesterol;
got infection. Some types of bacteria can lead to progressive inflammation of the mucous membranes;
the cause of the disease may be a disturbed work of the muscles of the organ - insufficient or, conversely, too frequent contraction;
the so-called innate moment also plays a primary role. If the patient has a hereditary change in the anatomical shape of the organ, then this greatly increases the chances of bending. Genomic changes in the cellular structure create ideal conditions for the development of a malignant or benign tumor.

What is gallbladder dyskinesia?

In the vast majority of cases, an unbalanced diet, or rather, its detrimental effect, causes the appearance of gallbladder dyskinesia and tracts that remove the secret. Similar state manifests itself in the form of impaired work of the musculature of the organ.

A large amount of spicy and fried foods, irregular meals are moments that can cause hyperkinetic (contractions too strong and frequent) and hypokinetic (contractions not intense enough for the secret to leave) form of the disease.

The accumulation of bile that occurs in this case, without taking adequate treatment, will only lead to a worsening of the condition and the development of other diseases that pose more and more threats. Dyskinesia affects not only the gallbladder, but also the sphincters that connect the ducts to other organs of the digestive tract:

Sphincter of Oddi (located near the entrance of the duct into the duodenum);
Myricia (located at the confluence of the ducts from the gallbladder and liver);
Lutkens-martynov (neck of the gallbladder).

In patients with the development of such a pathological condition, severe pain is noted in the hypochondrium. Sensations are specific in nature - the attacks are repeated and are of a aching type. In addition to pain, there may be other signs:

increased heart rate;
nausea;
headache;
increased sweating.

In medical practice painful conditions affecting the gallbladder are not uncommon. The most common condition among them is considered to be. In this case, a violation of metabolic processes is noted, as a result of which stones begin to form in the elements of the biliary system.

According to statistics, the beautiful half of humanity is more susceptible to this condition, women over forty who have given birth to several children and are overweight are at risk. The incidence rate after fifty years in women and men is about the same level.

The likelihood of solid formations in the gallbladder is higher in those people whose work usually takes place in a sitting position and is associated with psycho-emotional overload. Appeared stones may have different formulations, size, and location. The main point leading to the active formation of such formations is high percent cholesterol in the body.

The course of the disease is long - the formation of stones in the gallbladder can last more than one year and not bring discomfort at all. In eight out of ten cases cholelithiasis runs without any symptoms.

In other patients, the following signs may indicate an impending problem:

pain attacks in the side in the right hypochondrium
sensations of pain;
belching and nausea;
feeling of bitterness.

The presence of stones is most often characterized by biliary colic. And you can read about the methods by clicking on the link.

Colic as an indicator of gallbladder problems

Such colic in itself is not a disease, it is only main symptom, indicating problems with the pathways that excrete bile and the organ itself. Most often, it appears due to blockage of the duct by a solid formation, which makes it difficult for the secretion to flow out and leads to a spasm of pain, and dyskinesia. Biliary colic, this is a fairly characteristic manifestation, it can be completely distinguished from other painful conditions by the following symptoms:

the unpleasant sensations that appear are closely related to the food taken, or rather, with the use of heavy food (smoked, fried, alcoholic drinks and spicy);
in some cases, physical exertion, a long stay in a tilt position, severe stress can become an impetus;
pain attacks are intense and pronounced, on average, the pain does not end for three to five hours;
the syndrome reaches its maximum mark after sixty minutes;
during such a phenomenon, a person may have a fever and vomiting;
pain intensifies even with a slight movement, a deep breath, spreads, giving to other organs.

The main task of doctors during the diagnosis of this condition is to stop the attack. As soon as the pain is removed, proceed to further research which helps to understand the reasons.

it disease state can be divided into two groups:

Acute cholecystitis is characterized by sudden and severe pain. Sensations can be located on the right side, but in some cases they give to the spine. Other signs may appear - vomitus interspersed with bile, increasing temperature, growing muscle tension, jaundice.

The chronic variant may not manifest itself in any way for a long time. Symptoms are not pronounced, but may appear after eating a heavy meal in significant quantities. Patients sometimes note general weakness, excessive irritability, sleep becomes short. Increasing manifestations most often indicate an incipient exacerbation.

Tumor

Obstructive formations in the bile excretion system can be benign in nature, as well as malignant, that is, dangerous. Usually the first ones do not manifest themselves in any way and are discovered by chance during a diagnostic examination. Such formations often appear with the development of cholecystitis.

Polyps are pathological growths of the upper layer of the mucosa of the gallbladder and clinical manifestations not visible. Polyps, by the way, are observed in five percent of patients, most of whom are women over thirty. Cancerous malignant tumors in almost one hundred percent of cases are supplemented by cholelithiasis.

The process of the appearance of a tumor is similar to polyps, the condition quickly spreads to other organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
The most common diagnosis is adenocarcinoma. Usually initial stage cancer proceeds without obvious manifestations, only for more late stage general indicators begin to emerge:

loss of appetite;
high fatigue;
anemia;
weight is reduced.

When conducting an examination during palpation, a specialist can detect a dense formation that looks like a tubercle - the most characteristic symptom of a malignant tumor.

Changing anatomical shape

The gallbladder consists of several sections: neck, body and fundus. The impact of a mechanical nature and congenital moments can lead to a change in the natural arrangement of these parts, form a constriction, and other unpleasant moments.

Deformation of this kind causes difficulty in the work of the biliary tract, which ultimately leads to serious stagnation. Symptomatic manifestations largely depend on the degree of change, but there are also general points that speak of this problem. Almost always, the bend is accompanied by severe pain, which is noted in the right side under the ribs.

There are also various difficulties that are associated with the digestive process, since the deformation causes a violation of the normal separation of the secret. If, due to the changed shape of the organ, blood circulation is disturbed, unpleasant changes in general well-being appear, including frequently changing mood, sweating, unwillingness to do anything.

If the neck of the gallbladder is twisted, this causes tissue necrosis. In this situation, there is a sharp pain in the entire abdomen, nausea and a strong fever.

The ongoing decomposition causes the rapid spread of the inflammation process, and without the intervention of qualified specialists, this can lead to the death of the patient, and in a fairly short time (about twelve hours).

In order to reduce the possibility of developing gallbladder disease, you need to adjust your own life. It is important to remove all points that can create a suitable environment for the development of diseases. Prevention pathological conditions JP means:

balanced and ;
severe restriction in the use of alcohol;
you can not take too much food. It is best to eat about four times a day, but in small portions;
the diet should include foods that include protein;
avoid starvation, excessive stress and stress - all this can become a provoking factor;
but sports should not be completely abandoned, training should be moderate.

Pain under the ribs on the right side should make a person think - very often they can be the first signal, then do not hesitate to go to the hospital for help. A diagnostic study allows you to determine a specific disease, and if this is done on time, then the ongoing treatment will certainly bring a positive result.

Remember - you can’t self-medicate or completely ignore the pain, since all this can lead to sad consequences. But a responsible approach to one's own health gives a favorable prognosis for a full recovery.

No related videos

Almost all diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract, with timely access to a specialist, are completely cured and proceed without complications and any serious consequences. But in order to apply in time for medical care, you need to know the main symptoms of diseases of the biliary system

In this article, we will describe the 7 main symptoms of gallbladder disease, the appearance of which should immediately consult a doctor. Be attentive to yourself and your health, and then you can enjoy a full life and not waste time and energy on long-term treatment complications.

7 main symptoms of gallbladder disease

Biliary system

The organs of the digestive tract that are responsible for transporting and collecting bile from the liver are called the gallbladder and bile ducts. In medicine, this system is called the biliary system, consisting of:

sphincter systems - they regulate the flow of bile;

gallbladder;

bile duct systems - hepatic, cystic and common.

The cystic duct connects with the hepatic duct and already from them comes the common bile duct - it flows into the duodenum and thus bile enters from the biliary system directly into the intestine.

It is due to the fact that bile exists in our body at all, it is possible excretion of salts of heavy metals, full digestion of fats in the intestines, absorption of vitamins important for health, intestinal motility and the production of digestive enzymes.

Problems in the work of the biliary system are quite common and they are mainly inherent in women aged 40-50 years, although men are also subject to such disorders. The reasons for the development of pathological conditions in the gallbladder and bile ducts can be:

neurological and endocrine pathologies, which lead to violations of the outflow of bile;

infectious diseases gastrointestinal tract, which provoke inflammation of the walls of the organs of the biliary system;

gene mutations that provoke the formation of tumors in the biliary system of a benign and / or malignant nature;

genetic anomalies of the gallbladder and bile ducts;

helminthic infestations;

various pathologies that can lead to the formation of stones in the biliary system;

regular intoxication;

regular alcohol intake and smoking;

violations of the diet and diet;

long-term use of certain drugs.

All of the above factors can lead to the development various pathologies biliary system. But these very pathologies will manifest themselves with various symptoms - general and local, different in nature and intensity, supplemented by signs of stomach diseases, duodenum, intestines and liver.

In order to seek professional medical help in a timely manner and begin effective treatment, you need to know which symptoms indicate a violation of the biliary system.

7 warning signs

Only a specialist can establish an accurate diagnosis, but you still need to contact him in time! Therefore, it will be very reasonable to remember the 7 most disturbing symptoms - they are the reason for a visit to the doctor.

Pain in the right hypochondrium

Pain syndrome in diseases of the biliary system can be different in intensity of manifestation.- for example, with an inflection of the gallbladder or cholecystitis, pain in the right hypochondrium will be of low intensity, but acute pain is inherent in cholelithiasis.

Most often, the symptom in question is provoked by the next consumption of fatty, smoked, fried foods or foods immediately after physical activity (for example, after running or cycling) or under intense stress. Patients characterize pain sensations as dull or sharp, sharp or with a gradual increase, constant or periodically appearing.

If the pain in the right side is acute, intense or sudden, then this most likely indicates hepatic colic - this condition develops with cholelithiasis, when the stones begin to "move". Usually, patients can accurately indicate the place of concentration of pain, and it is accompanied by general weakness, fever, nausea and vomiting.

With all other pathologies of the gallbladder and bile ducts, the pain is never too intense, this syndrome appears periodically and gradually increases. As a rule, pain in the right hypochondrium is accompanied by fever, dizziness and nausea with vomiting.

note: if pain in the right hypochondrium occurs when chronic cholecystitis, then it can be the only symptom pathology and have a low intensity.

Separately, it is worth mentioning neoplasms of a benign and / or malignant nature., which are almost never accompanied pain syndrome. The only caveat is that pain can occur with aggressive tumor growth.

Disruption of the digestive system

Since bile is "responsible" for the normal digestion of food, it is not surprising that problems with the gallbladder and bile ducts lead to systematic disturbances in the digestive system. Patients note a deterioration in appetite, periodically appearing nausea and vomiting, belching with air with a bitter aftertaste, stool disorders (diarrhea or constipation).

Symptoms of disruption of the digestive system may indicate pathologies of the biliary system and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract. But in any case, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Yellow coating on the tongue

In some pathologies of the system under consideration, bile is released into the esophagus and oral cavity - this phenomenon is often observed in tumor processes, cholelithiasis. The result of this is a change in the coloration of the tongue.- it becomes yellow, and absolutely any shades of this color can be present.

Bitterness in the mouth

This symptom is very common and occurs in almost all pathologies of the gallbladder and bile ducts. Some patients note the appearance of bitterness in the mouth immediately after eating, some complain of constant discomfort.

Yellow color of the skin and mucous membranes

This symptom is characteristic not only for diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts, it often signals liver pathologies, but the differentiation of pathologies should be carried out only by a doctor and in a clinical setting.

Jaundice occurs due to the release of bile acids into the blood and may be present in bile duct dyskinesias, chronic cholecystitis, the development of benign or malignant neoplasms, cholelithiasis.

Discolored feces

This symptom may appear with the development of the following pathologies: cholelithiasis; tumor processes in the biliary system; inflection of the gallbladder; cholecystitis of acute and / or chronic form of the course. Usually discolored feces are accompanied by pain in the right hypochondrium, jaundice, bitterness in the mouth.

But keep in mind that the symptom in question is characteristic not only for the development of diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract, but also for pathologies of the liver and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract. By the way, feces can also become discolored due to prolonged use. certain group drugs, and in violation of the regimen / diet.

Dark colored urine

If the level of bilirubin in the blood rises, then the patient's urine acquires a pronounced dark shade.. This symptom is present in many diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract - for example, with an inflection of the gallbladder, with acute and chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and tumor processes.

Note: dark color urine is not one of the main symptoms of diseases of the biliary system, so the doctor will need to conduct a thorough examination of the patient in order to differentiate some other conditions.

Diagnosis of diseases of the biliary system

If at least one of the above symptoms of diseases of the gallbladder and biliary system takes place, then it is necessary to contact a medical institution. Even a specialist will not be able to make an accurate diagnosis based on symptoms alone, so you should not even stutter about some kind of self-diagnosis! And the treatment regimen will depend on what kind of pathology of the biliary system will be detected - so self-medication in this situation is not suitable.

The doctor, upon presentation of patient complaints characteristic of diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract, will definitely prescribe a complete examination of his body. As part of the diagnosis, they carry out:

ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs;

magnetic resonance imaging;

laboratory research blood (biochemical and clinical analyzes);

radiography with the use of a contrast agent;

computed tomography;

fine-needle biopsy, which is performed under the control of an ultrasound machine.

Only after evaluating all the results of the examinations, the doctor will select a treatment regimen- symptomatic, pathogenetic or etiotropic therapy can be used. For some diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts (for example, calculous type cholecystitis, malignant / benign tumor processes), the patient will be prescribed surgical treatment.

Absolutely all patients with diseases of the biliary system will be prescribed specific dietary nutrition; in the future, patients will have to radically reconsider their gastronomic preferences.

Almost all diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract, with timely access to a specialist, are completely cured and proceed without complications and any serious consequences. But in order to seek medical help in time, you need to know the main symptoms of diseases of the biliary system. published .

Yana Tsygankova

If you have any questions, ask them